THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, MAY 13, 1900.
31
.UNCLE SAM'S
Moros, of Mindanao, Caused Spaniards More TroubleThan Any
Other of the Philippine
(Copyright. lJK). by Frank G. Carpenter.)
ZAMBOANGA, March 26, 1900. "So you
are going to make some explorations j
around Zamboanga! Well, all I have to
. it j. .. . , vi ,i.
say Is that if you want to be sure 'of
your head you had better tie it on with
a string!"
Thete words were uttered by Colonel I
James F. Petit, the Military Governor,
the man who has charge of our troops
In Mindanao and in the Sulu Islands fur
ther off to the south of us. He has
more than 1000 soldiers scattered at differ
ent stations about the southern and east-
ern coast of this great Island, and other
troops occupy the leading ports of the
nrt, ,
Zamboanga has for several hundred years
heen the chief garrison town of this part
of the world. The Spaniards made It the
headquarters of their army and navy of
the south and It occuDies the same nos.-
tlon today with the Americans. It Is sit-
uated on the extreme southwestern end
of Mlndano, on the wide but deep Ba
S'lan, through which the vessels move
going from Japan to Australia. It has a
zalrly good harbor, hut the ships have
to anchor far out from the shore, and
passengers and freight are brought to the
town In small boats. One of the trans
ports was 15 das landing TOO tons of
cargo. The mule transport upon whlsh
I came had to send its wagons ashore In
dugouts, and the mules were made to
swim. Two steam boilers for an Ice
plant, navlng been hermetically sealed
and plugged up well, floated ashore, and,
altogether, days' were taken in landing
stuff which should have consumed hours.
Zamboanga cannot lie called a Moham
medan town, for it is occupied only by
the troops, the Chinese and some FillpI
plno Christians. It Is, however, the capital
of our Mohammedan zone, and from. It are
controlled the two or three hundred thou
sand Moros, who now pay allegiance to
Vncle Sam. There Is a Moro village which
lias mor; people than Zamboanga Itself, on
the shore just above it, and Moros by the
hundreds, dressed In gay clothes and wear
ing turbans, walk to and fro through its J
streets.
Like a Botanical Garden.
Every surrounding of the place. In fact,
is picturesque. It looks more like a botan
ical garden with the accompaniment of a
midway plalsance than an everyday Amer
ican garrison. Its houses are shaded with
cocoanut trees. Tall bananas rustle their
.leaves as you walk through the streets, and
" all about It Is the most luxuriant of tropi
cal vegetation. There are miles and mnes
of cocoanut groves above and below it and
"when you ride out into the country toward
the mountains which hang over it you are
shaded by cocoanut trees, some of which
are a hundred feet high. You see fields ot
bananas and hemp, and here and there the
varnished green leaves of the coffee bush.
The town Itself is a gem. It is com
' posed of two streets running parallel to
the sea. The one nearest the water Is the
main street. Its sides are lined with great
$rees, the branches of which almost meet
overhead, and under them. In the center of
the- street, flows a canal whose waters are
as clear as crystal. The canal is crossed
here and there with rustic bridges made of
mahogany, teak and other hard woods. It Is
led by a little river at the lower end of the
town", and there is a bridge over this
which leads you Into the market and
liomes of the Moros.
Upon the main street are the offices of the
collector of the port, an Omaha man, Cap
tain Swobe, and also the general head
quarters of the. Department pf Mindanao.
The headquarters building is a large struc
ture with oyster-shell windows and a great
balcony looking out over the sea. In It you
Jind the Colonel of the Thirty-first Regi
ment and his staff, who have the manage
ment of all things here, both civil and mili
tary. The merchants, for instance, are all
Chinese, but Colonel Pettlt regulates their
licenses and they have to pay so much a
month for the right to sell goods. He
"fixes the prices of things in the market
and tells Just how many eggs shall be sold
for 10 cents. He makes liquor laws by the
stroke of a pen. and recently announced
that no whisky should be sold in Zambo
anga. This lst was very disgusting to a
little Irish ex-old!er, who wanted to open
a saloon to sell whisky. To him the Col
onel said: "You know there are only two
classes of people in this region. There are
the Moros and the Christians. The Moros,
according to their religion, arc not per
mitted to drink, and the only Christians
here who have money to spend are the
soldiers. "What you are asking Is that 1
give you the permission to sell had whisky
to r.iy soldiers. Well, sir, you can't have
it!" The Irishman went away sorrowful.
I'nclc Siim'it BIj? Kurin.
One of the most curious duties that Col
onel Pettlt has Is the acting as manager to
the biggest farm which the United States
owns. It is situated about 15 miles from
here and Is so large that a fast walker
could not get around It In a day. It con
tains between 30,000 and 40,000 acres, and
netted the Spaniards, It is said, about
:$"5.000 a year. Within the past few months
cne of the Chinese capitalists here has of
fered to pay $20,000 a year rental for It if
the Government will hand It over to him
on lease, but as yet his proposition has not
been accepted. The farm contains large
hemp plantations, and It is said that there
are $30,000 worth of hemp now stacked up
on It ready for shipment. It has tens of
thousands of cocoanut trees, and Includes
eome valuable timber. There Is a saw
mill upon It, but the machinery of this is
out of order. The farm was operated
by the Spaniards as a penal settlement,
and Inasmuch as It belonged to the gov
ernment It naturally becomes the prop
erty of the United States. The Spaniards
worked several hundred convicts upon It,
and the most of the revenues of it prob
ably went into the pockets of the offi
cials. Uncle Sam has two other farms just
outside of Zamboanga. which came to him
In the same way. They embrace some
fine rice lands and a large banana planta
tion. They are right on the edge of the
town, and It was in company with the
Presldente. or Mayor, and Quartermaster
Sharp ey that I drove out to see It.
There were perhaps 50 men and women
at work In the rice fields, harvesting the
crop, and, strange to say, they were work
ing away under umbrellas. They had pat
up white cotton upon a rude framework,
and this was attached to a pole, which
was stuck upright In the ground, so thnt
they could work away under It and be
In the shade. They were cutting the rice
stalk by stalk, as Is the custom here, leav
ing only about eight Inches of straw on
each stalk, and tying the stalks Tip Into
sheaves from six to eight Inches In diam
eter. , Here and there over the farm wore
threshing-floors, each erected en a frame
work of bamboo, so that It wasalmost as
high up In the air as an American wind
mill. The rice Is drawn up fwm the
ground to the floor and trodden out by
the feet, the wind carrying away the
chaff, while the grains of paddy fall to
the ground.
Chance for Oar Scientists.
These farms offer splendid opportunity to
our Agricultural Department to establish
an experiment station down here on the
edge of the equator. There Is no richer
oll In the world than that about Zambo
anga, and the method of handling it should
be tested at once. It will produce excel
lent coffee, and. in all probability, cotton,
tobacco and sugar. It is not far from the
tea zone of India and Ceylon, and It may
be that tho hills of this great Island of
MOHAMMEDANS:;
Races Savage Traits.
Mindanao will be come day covered with
plantations of coffee and tea. The climate i
Is very similar to that of Java and Cey
""'""" l"e " "-"J. af ",. .
-AH kinds of tropical fruits can be
erown Tn fIl, mu inAriv T ,,..,. ,.n
eome green leaves, and. wondering what
they might be, began to chew them.
They burnt my lips, and I four.a that ;
they were from the cinnamon tree, which
grows wild In the forests. The bananas
here have a flavor such as you will not
find In those of Cuba or Porto Rico. There
are many varieties, especially of white,
yellow and green. The green banana has
a yellow flesh, and Its flavor Is delicious.
Then there Is the durlan. a fruit which
smells Hke Limburger cheese, but which
Is so delicious that you eat It. dlsregard-
1 Ing the odor. The mangostln Is another '
detlclous fruit, and in addition there are I
oranges and lemons, the breadfruits and j
the papaya, nearly all of which grow wild, j
On these farms Uncle Sam should make
?ome experlmemts in cattle-raising. This
t lo Ana rtf na hiT tstrttlr nfnrc f trua .
,,-,r " ..T "11' T' " " T,,
and no attention has been paid to breed-
lng. The cattle look eomewhat like Jcr-
seys, but here and there you see a trace
of a hump on the back. They are said to
ba a cross between the Indian and the
Australian cattle. They seldom dress
more than 250 pounds, but they are so
scarce that cows bring more than $15 or
$20 gold apiece, and bullocks more. Tho
cattle are chiefly owned by the Moros,
who ask all kinds of nrices. and usually
take much less than they ask. "The anl-
mals are all grass fed. and1 the meat Is
excellent. The cattle are raised chiefly
for beef all over the Philippines, although
In some Islands, such as Panay, they are
employed as carriage and draft animals.
The natives, as a rule, use no butter, and
outside of the towns hut little milk. The
result Is that there are but few good
milch cows although It is believed that
such could be bred.
Time for Exploration.
Not only the agricultural department,
but also the geological survey and the
Smithsonian Institution, should send par- 1
ties, to the Philippines In the near future.
The islands, as I have said, have not
been explored, and a scientific Investiga
tion should be made of them at the enrll
est moment. The scientists should be here
at the present time, when there 'are
plenty of soldiers to protect them, and
when they can easily get a guard to ac
company them to any place they wish to
go. This will maTce them safe from the
savages of the mountains, and will enable
them to undertake journeys which. In the
times of an ordinary force, might be
dangerous, to say the least.
I am living with the soldiers here at
Zamboanga. and I supppose tho average
man will pity me as he reads this. He
can save his pity for himself. With a
good mosquito netttlng to protect one at
night you can get along as comfortably
here as at any other army post that the
United SUtcs owns. The regimental head
quarters building, where I am staying,
was built by Spanish officials. It is a big,
two-story house, covering perhaps a quar
ter of an acre, with balconies 10 feet wide
running around It, all shielded from the
rays of the sun by oyster-shell windows.
The house is floored with mahogany
boards, some of which are two feet wide
and 20 feet long. Its ceilings are from
15 to 20 feet high. It Is right on the
beach, and a stiff sea breeze blows
through It all day and all. night.
In the morning and evening we go out
and take a bath In the sea, and I assure
you that at this time of the year the
weather Is quite as pleasant as that of
any of our Middle States In June and
July. We have an excellent mess, pre
sided over by Major McMahon, one of the
features of the breakfast being a glass of
cocoanut milk fresh frnm tho trees In the
yard. There are other good quarters In
different parts of the city, but so far some
of the lower officers have not been able
to get houses, and they have put up sheds
of bamboo and canvas on the parade
ground not far from headquarters. These
huts have floors and walls of bamboo, but
their roofs are made of tents. They are
elevated about three feet from the ground,
and are by no means comfortable. I And
the soldiers well satisfied with their lot.
They are excellent men. coming chiefly
from Ohio. Indiana and Kentucky; with a
few from Pennsylvana and Tennessee.
Under Mnrtlnl Lnvr.
Zamboanga. like most of the Philippine
towns. Is under martial law. The Moros
are not allowed to bring their knives Into
the city, and no one can-be on the streets
after dark without giving an account ot
himself. There are sontlnels posted on
every block, and all night long these sen
tinels call out the hours: They awakened
me with everv call during my first night
or so here. The man under the regimen
tal headquarters had a voice like the tra
ditional bull of Bashan. He was number
i, and I could hear his heavy tones ring
ing out upon the night air.
"Number 4! One o'clock! All Is well."
This sound would hardly die away before
numbero would break out In a shrill treble:
"Number 5'. One o'clock! All Is well,"
and then number C would go It on an
other key, and so on until number 12. and
even the unlucky number 13. One night
I hoard the successive hours from 10 until
5 called, with numerous commands to
halt between time, and warnings to the
passerby to stand up and be recognized
This calling of the hours is done at all
of the posts of this part of the world, am!
the utmost vigilance Is kept to guard
against surprise.
The soldiers do well to keep their eyes
open, for although these people are now
at peace with us. and we call them broth
ers, they are of such a nature .that the
least Indiscretion might make them break
out Into war. They caused the Spaniard
more trouble than any other of the Phil
ippine races. Thty are different from the
others in their manners, customs and re
ligion, and the handling of them is one
of tho most delicate problems Uncle Sam
has to solve. It Is, I believe, a more dif
ficult one than that of the Indian or the
negro. It will not be a question of mak
ing the Moros American citizens- so much
as keeping them from bringing about a
state of anarchy and bloodshed. The ques
tions of religious fanatclsm are here add
ed to those of barbarism, for the -Moros.
although they .are Mohammedanu. are
little better than savages!
Their houses arc thatched huts, and
...
their only manufactures are weapons of
war. in the shape of lances, spears and ;
most terrible swords. They carry Knives
called barongs, which are a sort of a cross
between a sword and a meat ax. but
which are 'so sharp mat I am able to
shave the hairs from the back of my hand
with any one of them. They have krlses
or short swords, the blades of which
wind in and out like a snake; these they
I use for disemboweling their enemies
They have also campilans. the wide blades
0f which come to your waist when the
points rest on the ground, and which are
chiefly used for beheading.
Favorite Pantlzncs.
There are Moros who are said to be
able to cleave a man from crown to waist
at one stroke. A favorite cut Is through
the shoulder, taking off the head, neck
and one-half the chest. Including the arm.
They jometlmeo hamstring their victims
before killing them, and in the case of
executions a common method Is to tie
the man's hands behind him and thee
behead him with one blow of the knife.
After a person is killed ho Is often
chopped to mincemeat by the men and
boys who wish to try their knives on
human flesh. This Is the care not only
wltn the lower classes, but with the bost.
One of the dattos or princes of Basilan,
lust the other day. ordered six men tl
i.iijk a i ....ii. -.
e L """" "e .
dead bodies with his barong, saying as
ho did so to some of our soldlero wh
(2)'
4 . "
1. -Col. I'cttlt and Correspondent Carpenter In front of military licad-
unnrters, Znmkonngn.
2. Group of Moro maiden, photographed uy Franlc G. Carpenter.
were standing by: "I do It merely to try
my knife.'"
The Spaniards have never really con
quered the Moros. They have subdued
them again and again, only to find them
selves with another war on their hands.
The Moros were here at the time the
Spaniards first came. They are not the
aborigines, but arc supposed to be the
descendants of the Dyak sof Borneo, who
Invaded this part of the world centuries
ago. The Spaniards did not attempt to
conquer them until about 100 years after
Columbus discovered America. At that
time a Portuguese, who had made a for
tune In the Philippines, proposed to the
King of Spain to make an expedition to
Mindanao to subdue tho Moros. He was
allowed to do so, and the result was that
his head was cloven In two by one of those
terrible knives.
Shortly after this the Moros became fa
mous as pirates. They organized fleets,
and for more than 200 years wero the ter
ror of the seas of this part of tho world.
They attneked every peopled Island, sacked
tho villages and churches and killed the
people. During the present century their
war junks, came Into the harbor
of Manila. and there are whito
persons yet living In the Philip
pines who have been Moro slaves. This
did not stop until 1SG0. when IS steam gun
boats were sent out from Spain, and this
port of -Zamboanga made the center of op
erations. Since then have been wars, but
piracy has. to a largo extent, stopped,
although there Is a chief now In the upper
part of the eastern end of the Island who
goes about in his barge levying contribu
tions from the towns on the short at the
mouth of his cannon.
PostH on Mindanao.
Within the past month or so troops have
been stationed at all the ports of Min
danao. The Thirty-first Infantry was tho
first to arrive, and it Is scattered along
the south and east coast. The Fortieth
has garrisoned the ports of the north, but
still more soldiers are needed. The Span
lards had to keep a large force on the
island and they have erected barracks
and forts In many places.
The fort hero covers about an acre of
ground. It has walls 20 feet high and
quarters enough to accommodate a large
number of men. In one of Its walls an
Image of the "Virgin has been carved, and
below this Is -a lamp, which It Is said has
been burning for more than 200 years. It
Is known as the Virgin of the Fort, and
the Vlsayan or Christian inhabitants ot
Zamboanga go out regularly and kneel on
the ground before It to pray. There Is a
story told of how a ghostly sheeted woman
appeared one night to one of the soldiers
on guard and announced herself as the
Virgin, saying she would watch over her
people and how the next morning this fig
ure was found miraculously carved upon
the wall. FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Xexr Yorker Head Nevrjipapera.
New York Is the greatest newspapor
reading city In the world. A flutter ot
newspapers is continually seen in every
part of the metropolis. A man really be
comes conspicuous if he Is on ferryboat
or Jn a car without a paper. Observations
made on 37 different occasions by ths
New York Herald showed that only one
man out of 51 In public conveyances was
not reading or conspicuously armed fot
reading. The rule, quite well verified. Is,
the larger the city, the larger the num
ber of newspaper readers In proportion to
tho population. If the city is an English
speaking one.
The records show that GS per cent of all
newspapers published In the world are In
thn English language. Of the more than
50.003 newspapers published the United
States and Canada Issue 21.000: Great Brit
ain. 8009; Germany, 6CO0; France, 42S0:
Janan. 2W3; Italy. 1600; Austria-Hungary,
1200: Spain. 1000: Austria, S00; Russia, MO;
Grewe, 600: Switzerland, .450; Holland, SCO;
Belgium, 500, and other countries about
2000.
I ICE. If IT IC !M 111 A Ml! A
LITL rtJ I I I J III UlrtluLtt
TIIE
MYSTERIES OP
CI1AC1IS.
TIIE MU-
Domestic Economy of the American
Domiciled at the Capital of Oar
Xeiv Itcnponslblllty.
MANILA. March 13. Our mess Is made
up of good fellows. Every one belonging.
to It Is of that category, and the waiters
are good fellows, though I feel In good
conscience bound to modify that state
ment by saying, with one exception. Ma
riano cannot with perfect truth be called
a good fellow. In the personal sense, or
as being a good waiter.
Mariano Is a Tagal, a youthful Tagal,
whom I strongly suspect of being a secret
admirer of Agulnaldo, and -who. If a little
'older, would assume red trousers and
unite himself to the lnsurrectos. Mariano
Is a gbod-natured youth, with one of the
most capacious smiles that illuminates
the Filipino countenance of the present
day. He fairly beams In broad smiles,
and serves with very commendable alac
rity, when the meal Is fairly under way,
but he Is a careless boy, and as an all
around "muchacho" cannot bo recommend
ed, being very likely to leave the mos
quito netting not properly tucked In about
tho bed, and the shoes unblackened, or
unchalked, or unbrowned, until they bring
discredit on the wearer, if he be, like
myself, one that will carelessly continue
to wear them until such time as the
shiftless Mariano thinks proper to dress
them in their appropriate color.
Pablo Is a gem. Little Pablo would
make tho paragon of servants, were he
taken to the States and trained to the
profession. The Colonel says he would
take Pablo home with him and keep the
boy In his family, did he not fear that In
the United States he would pine with
homesickness, which would In all proba
bility be the case were the boy long de
tained In that far-distant land of snow
and Ice, among the frosty Americanos.
Pablo Is not an lnsurrecto; he told us so
tho other day: so none of tho mess sleep
with a revolver under the pillow for fear
of Pablo. Ho united his fortunes with
those of the mess some months since.
He appeared among the other boys, some
what after the manner of a stray kitten.
At first it was understood thnt lie was" an
orphan, who sought a home in tho kitchen
with the boys. He was a scraggly look
ing Httlo fellow, almost destitute of
clothes, and from appearances had been
pretty well accustomed to going without
food. The latter Is, however, not a cor
rect statement as applied to a Filipino,
for here the poorest need not starve or go
hungry, while the bay and Inflowing wat
ers abound In fish, and fruit Is generally
to be had by any and all. But we can
state that Pablo had not Indulged In high
living. He has thrived wonderfully since.
His old garments have been discarded,
growing from bad to better, and better
to best, until this morning he waited
on the table at breakfast attired like the
blossom of tho fire tree. Perhaps his new
raiment was donned In honor of the fiesta
which occurs today.
Basto Is the Nestor of the boys. There
Is nothing of the frivolous about Basto.
With solemn mien he passes among tho
lessor ones, maintaining his grand,
gloomy and peculiar dignity, especially
when engaged In the active prosecution of
his duties. Basto Is not a Tagal. He
has no use for that tribo. On a previous
occasion ho threatened to leave for the
reason that Tagal boys had been re
tained In the kitchen. He Is as faithful
as he looks, and It Is an Impossibility for
any ono, Malay, Mongolian or Caucasian,
to look faithful In a greater degree than
Basto. Neither Is Modesto a Tagal. They
both belong to a small tribe In the north
ern part of Luzon, and don't like the Ta
gals. Modesto Is also entitled to be en
rolled among the worthy servants, faith
ful and efficient. Not so good as Basto
and Modesto, but more Interesting. Is tho
unknown. Tho unknown goes by the
Americano name of Jim. Jim lo a disreputable-appearing
fellow, and I have very
grave suspJcns of his antecedents. II
research divulged the fact that Jim for
merly took up his abode In BUIbld. I
would not be In the least surprised. Like
tho proverbial singed cat. Jim Is better
than he looks. He Is a willing boy, and
It seems from his conduct that the young
fellow has a desire to redeem himself. A
mess Is not tho most promising placo for
a renegade to reform and make a new
start In life, as a general rule, but Jim
could not have done better In this par
ticular Instance than to have come di
rectly where he Is, and go on and do his
best, as he has thrown In his lot with a
set of men who appreciate his efforts and
make It manifest to the well-doer.
The servants In a Manila household are
many. Somehow they become more and
more numerous, until, with the careless, or
too-Indulgent householder, a small com
munity has gathered about him and liv
ing at his expense. The parents, brothers
and sisters, uncles, aunts and nil the rela
tives, make a home in the lower part of
the house, and enjoy themselves hugely
until the unfeeling Americano, whose at
tention has been attracted to his unbid
den guests, summarily dismisses them.
The work for a mess as ours Is done by
boys (muchachos), who, as far as- my ob
servation extends, are the common house
servants. Their way of housekeeping dif
fers very essentially from the method In
vogue In the United States. In cleaning
the floor, for Instance, there Is no such
thing as soap and water and scrubbing
brush. I presume that a Philippine boy
would not know the use of a scrubbing
brush. They keep the floor in condition
by skating over K with a cloth under each
foot. In this way the floor Is gone over
every day. I don't know what else they
put on the cloth, but a small quantity of
kerosene oil Is used. In order to discharge
the ants, which are very numerous In th.s
country, and sometimes And their way Into
the houses, and, if not suppressed, upon
the table and elsewhere where not wel
come. The use of kerosene seems to be
a safe antidote, which Is very easily ap
plied In the way mentioned.
It costs a sood deal to live In Manila.
Everything has advanced greatly In price
since the coming of the Americans. Some
articles are necessarily higher In price,
ferine to thn lnsurr-MMon. ns fnilt- .i!rV
ens. vegetables, etc Other articles, how-
I ever, and perhaps In a measure all, have
advanced unnecessarily, owing to the lav
ish American manner of spending money.
The people here respond heartily, readily
raising the price as the strangers pay
more money, until It seems as thougn tne
Manila vendor, from the street seller of
canes to the richest jewelry stores on the
Escorta. really don't know how to place
a maximum limit to the asking price of
their wares.
Our mess Is fortunate In having the priv
ilege of the commissary, which Is appre
ciated to .be no trifle, when a can ot to
matoes costs at a grocery store 70 cents
Mexican, a pound of cheese SO cents Mexi
can. At the commissary cart be obtained
almost everything that enters into ordi
nary consumption, at about wholesale
prices In the States. This materially de
creases the price of living, and affords
what might be difficult to get in this land
of Spaniards and Spanish cooking. Many
of the common vegetables of the United
States are grown here, such as tomatoes,
which makes It unnecessary to purchase
the canned article certain portions of the
year; and I presume the fresh vegetable
could be had here the year round. Tur
keys and chickens are raised here, the
latter In great abundance. Whether it be
in the manner of cooking, or the fact that
they are used too soon after killing, or
that they are Inferior, I know not. but
neither fowl Is equal to the home bird,
more especially tho former, which we
tried only on Thanksgiving day. Investing
$7 In a lanky fowl, the most Insipid of its
kind that I ever sampled. In the south
ern Islands chickens were bought at the
rate of 50 cents a dozen, and I suppose
eggs In somewhat the same proportion.
Eggs ought to be cheaper here than in
the States, aa they are smaller. Every
thing In tho Islands Is on a small scale,
men, women, eggs, chickens and horses. I
must except the majestic hardwood trees,
which may constitute the future wealth of
the Islands, or ono chief element of It.
The Filipino fruits do not compare on
the whole with those of the United State3.
There are, however, a few varieties of su
perior character, the mango being per
haps the finest of all that the country
produces. Oranges grow plentifully, but
are of an Inferior qualltr, small, mild and
Insipid. The markets are scattered through
the city. They aro Interesting places to
who cares to observe the habits and ways
of the people, and also present a view of
the products of the country. There may
be seen all the fruits of the season, fish,
living and dead vegetables, and, in addi
tion to the fruit raised In the Islands, cer
tain sDedes from China, there being Inti
mate communication between Manila and
Hong Kong.
When the Insurrection Is ended and guer
rilla warfare suppressed, and perfect free
dom and safety guaranteed the farmer, so
that the land may be fully cultivated, the
markets of Manila will. It 13 to be hoped
and expected, afford a much more abund
ant supply of fish, flesh And fowl. With
American cultivation, the native fruits
may be vastly Improved, and others, in
troduced. It Is presumable that no fruit
known to the tropics but can be produced
In tho Archipelago, as well, as before
stated, many of the staple vegetables ot
the temperate zone, so that under skillful
cultivation the future householder of the
Philippines may have his New England
kitchen garden and In the same Inclosure
an Infinite variety of tropical fruits.
W. F. N.
DEATH USUALLY PAINLESS.
Before Henrt Ceases to Work, All
Consciousness Ceases.
Death, says the Spectator, Is nearly al
ways painless. Man dies generally from
the cessation of the heart's functioning,
whatever the more remote causo may
have been. The nerve cells may have
ceased to act, the muscles may have been
worn out, or the heart may have been di
rectly attacked by acute or chronic dis
ease. But In any case want of oxygen
is the determining factor, except-in tlw
case of poisoning with prussic aid, in
which case the whole body is dead before
the heart ceases to beat. In every other
case the cessation of the heart's action
comes first, the general death of the body
afterward.
Before the heart ceases to function con
sciousness ceases. Even In the most aw
ful death known, death by burning,
mortality Is rendered painless at an early
stage by suffocation. It Is the first mo
ment of experence of the heat that Is so
terrible; we think, in Imagination, that
we could never endure it, and wonder
how martyrs faced it with such calm. But,
apart from their state of spiritual ecstasy,
their sufferings were scon mercifully end
ed "by Nature herself, which appears to
set very real limits to physcal torture.
Thus, Livingstone, when seized by a Hon,
tells us that he felt'llttle pain or appre
hension, while Dr. Alfred Russell Wal
lace asserts that the seeming tragedies of
animate nature, such as the killing of
birds by beasts of prey, are not at all
so awful as they appear In our Imagina
tion. We see with painful vividness the out
ward fact, but we do not see the merci
ful anodyne furnished by Nature. So is
it at a death bed. The observers see
the clammy brow, the gasping for breath,
the rigor mortis, sometimes the contort
ed features all painful to behold. But,
with perhaps the exception of the diffi
cult respiration, the dying man knows
nothing of this, and before ho has actu
ally expired Nature has given him a
relief which the dearest friend or most
skillful physician could not have Impart
ed. There are also forms of death In
which, long before death arrives, the "will
to live" has ceased, the patient resigns
himself, and Ufo gradually sinks to a
vanishing point. Thus death Is physically
and psychologically painless.
SwordMade Inscriptions.
Rough as the fighters of old were, the
Inscriptions which they put on their swo di
often showed not only considerable poetic
Instinct, but sentimentality. "Faithful In
adversity" Is such a sentence engraved on
an old sword of the 17th century.
In a collection of blades of the 16th cen
tury are these Inscriptions: "I quarrel."
"God give me speed, that my foe be beat
Indeed," "With this defense and God's will
all my enemies I shall still," "In battle
I will let myself be used," "When I my
sword uplift In strife, God give tho sinner
eternal life." "Trust In God, bravely war,
therein your fame and honor are." "Tour
aim alone be God's great name. Who
dares deny, strike thou him lame," "Every
soldier fine, look on this sign, and use his
hand for God and the land." On blades
from the ISth century are these Inscrip
tions: "Nothing better In the world thou
hast than to hold love and friendship
fast," "I serve," "A good blade I who
would deny let him meet me and I tyW
bold It will cost him blood or gold."
e
Too Much.
Ho picked up the Easter statement and
road: To one Eastpr dress, 510; to one
Easter hat, 512; to Easter shces and gloves,
9. And. as slowly and thoughtfully, he
drew his check for the amount, he mut
tered: "And Jenny expects me to go to
church and stag 'Old Hundred with a
thankful heart!" Atlanta Constitution.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
Pacific Coast Steamship Co.
FOR ALASKA.
THE COMPANT'S elegant
t-amers. Cottage City, City
of Topeka. Queen and Al-KI
leave TACOMA 11 A. M.. SE
ATTLE 9 P. M-. May 5. 10.
15. 20. 23. 30; June 4. 0. 11.
10, 10. 24. 3: July 1. 4. 1.
For further Information obtain
company's folder.
The company reserves the right to change
bteamers. sailing dates and hours of sailing,
without previous notice
AGENTS N. POSTON. 24D Washington eL.
Portland. Or.; F. W. CAKLETON. N. P. R. K
gS Sfc IPgS10013- Pus8t
LcoODALL. FEKKINS & CO.. Gca. Acts., S. F.
TRAVELERS' GUIDE.
JoMuq LjSXq
Union Depot, Sixth and J Streets.
THREE TRAINS DAILY
FOR ALL POINTS EAST
"POR.TLAXD-CHICAGO SPECIAL.'
Leaves for the East. ila. Huntington, at 0:15
A.M.
ATLANTIC EXPRESS.
Leaves for the East, via HuntlnBh. at 6.20
P.M.
"Spokane Flrer" equipment Is carried on thl
train. la Umatilla. Pasaensers tor Spokane,
Eastern "Washington and Great Xorthera point
xase mis tram.
THKOUGK PULLMAN AND TOUKIST
SLEEPERS.
TVater llr.es scseUuIe. subject to change -wits-out
notice:
OCEAX AXD RIVEK SCHEDULE.
OCEAN DIVISION Steamships sail from
Atnsworth cock at 3:00 P. M. Leave Portland
Columbia. "Wednesday, May 2. Saturday. May
12; Tuesday. May 22, Friday. June I. Monday,
June 11. State of California. Monday, May ..
Thursday, May IT; Sunday, May 27; Wednes
day. June a.
From San Francisco State of Caltfarnla.
Thurjday. May 3; Sunday. May 13; Wednesday.
May 23. Saturday, June 2; Tuesday, June 1-.
Columbia. Tuesday. May S: Friday, May la;
Monday. May 23; Thursday. Juno 7.
COLUMBIA HIVEIt DIVISION.
PORTLAND AND ASTORIA.
Steamer Hassalo leatea Portland dally, except
Sunday, at 8.00 P. M., on Saturday at 10:00 P.
M. Returning, leaves Astoria dally, except Sun
day, at 7:CO A. M.
"WILLAMETTE niVEIt DIVISION.
PORTLAND AND CORVALLtS. OR.
Steamer Ruth, for Salem. Albany, Corvallla
and way points, leaves Portland Tuesdays.
Thursdays andaturdays at 6.W A. M. Return
ing. Ieaes Corvallls Mondaj. Wednesdasn aal
Fridays at 0:00 AM.
Steamer Modoc, for Salem, lndepenfler.ee and
way points, leaves Portland Mondays. Wednes
day and Fridays at 8.00 A. St. Returning,
leaves Independence Tuesdays. Thursdays and
Saturdays at J1 20 A. M
YAXIIUjL RIVEIt ROUTE.
PORTLAND AND DAYTON. OR.
Steamer Elmore, for Dayton and way points,
leaver Portland Tuesday. Thursdays and Sat
urday at 7 A. M. Returning, leaves Dayton fcr
Portland and way points Mondays. Wednesday
and Fridays at G A. M
SXAKE KIVETt rtOUTE.
RIPARIA. WASH.. AND LEWISTON. IDAHO
Steamer Spokane or steamer Lwlston leavs
P.lparla dally at 5 A. St.. arriving at Lcwlston
at 3 P. M. Returning, the Spokane or Lcwls
ton leaves Lcwlston dally at 0 A. M-. arriving
at Rlparla same evening.
V. H. HURLBURT.
General Pamenser Agent.
V. A. SCHILLING. City Ticket Agent.
Telephone Slain 712-
NewSteamsMpLinetotkOrient
CHINA AND JAPAN. FROSI PORTLAND.
In connection with THE OREGON RAILROAD
& NAVIGATION CO. Schedule, 1!)00 (subject to
change):
Steamer. Due to Leave Portland.
"URAEMAR" May 2
"ARGYLL" May 2o
MONMOUTHSHIRE" June 27
For rates, accommodations', etc.. apply to
DODWELL & COMPANY. Limited
General Agents. Portland. Or.
To principal points In Japan and China.
THE FASTEST AND MOS'
DIRECT LINE
-TO THE-
S 3lrT-rt3t'X
The Direct Line to Denver, Omahx
Kansas City, St. Louh
Chicago and Other Eastern Points
TWO DAILY
SOLID VEST1BULED TRAINS.
Portland to Chicago Less Than Three
Days.
Only Four Days to New York and
Boston.
Through Palace and Tourist Sleepers,
Bunet Library Cars (Barber Shop)
Dining Cars (Meals a la
carte) Free Reclin
ing Chair Cars.
Through tickets, baggage . checks, and
sleeping car accommodations can be ar
ranged at
CITY TICKET OFFICE
135 Third Strasi Portland, Oreaa
J. II. LOTHROP. GEORGE LANQ.
Gen'l Agent. City Pcis. & Tkt. Aft.
PE
The lagnlflcent Trans-Pacltlc Passenger
Steamship
TACOMA
" Registered tonnage, r&l tons; capacity.
4GG0 tons; passenger accommodations, 100
first class, 9G0 second class. This steam
ship has Just been released from the gov
ernment service as a troopship, and has
every modern comfort and convenience and
is the largest steamship In tho Cape Xome
trade.
Will sail from Tncoma and Seattle on or
about the 25th of Slay.
For rates and full Information apply to
DODWELL & CO.. LTD.
Telephone. Main, S6. 252 Oak Street.
Astoria & Columbia
River Railroad Co.
LEAVES
UNION
DEPOT.
For Maygers. Rainier. ARRtVEd
Clatskanle. .V eatport. UNION
Clifton. Vstorla. War-i
DEPOT.
renion. Flavel. Ham
mond. Fort Stevenj. I
Gearhar: Park. Seaside.)
S:0OA- M.
6:55 P. M.
Astoria and Seashore
Exprew.
Dally.
Attorta Express.
Dally.
11:13 A. it.
0:10 P. it.
Ticket office. 255 Morrison it. and Union depot.
J. C UATO. Gen. Pan. Art.. Ajtorla. Or.
WHITE COLLAR LiNE
COLUMBIA RIVER Ac PUGET SOUND NAVI.
CATION CO.
PORTLAND AND ASTORIA.
R-ULEY GATZEHT (Alder-street dock)
Leaves Portland dally every morning at T
o'clock, except Sunday. Returning, leaves Aa-
toria every night at 7 o'clock, except Sunday.
Oregon 'phone Main 391. Columbia 'phone JZU
U. B. SCOTT. President.
SKAGWAY AND DAWSON
Alaska Steamship Company
NEXT SAILING. ROSALIE, MAY 10
The only company having through trade ar
rangements to Atlln and the Klondike. Weexly
Killings from Tacoma. For full Information ap
ply to J. L. HARTMAN. Agent. Portland. Or..
J 3 Chamber of Commerce.
EASTANDSOUTHEAST
15 THE
r -- "rv--
;gBa r
, TRAVELERS GUIDE.
EAST vu
SOUTH
Leave j C;;il FffiSjaJI Streets 1 Arrive
OVERLAND EX
PRESS TRAIN3
for Salem, Rose
burff. Ashland. Sac
ramento. Orden.
San Francisco. Mc
Jxve. Los Angeles,
EI Paso, New Or
leans and the Eat
At Wcodburn
(dally except Sun
day), morning train
connects with train
for Jit. Angel. 511
v e r t on. Brown'
vllle. Sprlr.sne.Id
and Natron, and
evening train lor
ML. Angel and 5U
verton. Albany passenger
Corvall! paenger
Sheridan paasenger
3 UIO P. M.
S:30 A. M.
7:45 A.M.
GUK) P. M.
4:00
t7:30
;:SO
P.M.
A. M.
P. M.
10:10A.5L
:o P. M.
:S:23 A. M.
Dally. tDatly except Sunday.
Rebate tickets on sale between Portland. Sac
ramento and San ifrancisco. Net rated $17 first
class and ?il second class, including sleeper.
Rates and ticketo to Eastern points and Uu
rope. Also JAPAN. CHINA. HONOLULU and
AUSTRALIA. Can be ubtalned from J. B.
KIR1CLAND. Ticket Agent. HO Third u
TAMKILL DIVISION.
Passenger Depot, foot of JeCerson Street.
Leave for Oswego daily at 7:20. 0:40 A. M.J
12.30. 1:03. 3:23. 4.40. 0:3. S.30. 11:30 P. M.;i
and 9.00 A. M. n Sur.uajs only. Arrive at
Portland dally at 0.35. h.3l. H.50 A. M.;l
1-T5. S 10. 4.30. C.13. 7.40. 10.00 P. M., 12.W
A. M. dally, except Monday, 8 30 and 10:05 A..
M on Sundays only.
Leave for Dalles dally, except Sunday, at
5:05 P. M. Arrive at Portland at 9:30 A. M.
Passenger trMn leaves Dallas for Alrlle Mon
daj o. Wedresdays 3nd Fridays at 2:43 P. M.
Returns Tueedays. Thursdays and Saturdays.
Except Sunday.
R. KOEHLER.
Manager.
C. H. MA RICH AM.
Gen. Frt. & Pass. Art-
All Burllnston Route day
coaches and reclining-chalr cars
are equipped with parcel racks
extending the full length of the
car. and providing plenty of
room for one's valise, hat, over
coat, and umbrella.
Only those unfortunates who
have experienced the annoyance
of trying to keep their belong
ings In a 2x4 pocket, such as you
find In nine cars out of ten. can
fully realize the superiority of
the Burlington arrangement.
Omaha, Chicago, St. Louis.
Kansas City AXiL- points East
and South. Three routes East
via Billings, Denver and St.
PauL
TIcUct Ofllce,
100 3rd St, cjr.Stark.PjrMnJ, 3:;jji.
R. W. FOSTER.
Ticket Agent.
GEO. S. TATLOR.
City Paasengsr Agent.
GO EAST VIA
gqg-X
ON THE FAMOUS
"Portland-Chicago Special"
OR THE
OVERLAND LIMITED"
The only trains running through solid from
Portland and Chicago. Every car Illuminated
with Plntsch gas. Two trains daily.
Dining Cars. Service n In Cnrte,
Lllirnry-IlulTct Smolclnpr Cnrs.
Palace and Ordinary Sleeplnc Cars.
Free Hccllnlns; Chair Cnrs.
Leave.
9:13 A.M....
0.20 P.M....
Arrives.
portlandv;.;;ooX.m:
4:00 P.M.
CITY TICKET OFFICE
124 Third St. Phone Main 5B9
W. E. COMAN. J. R. NAGEL.
General Agent. City Ticket Agi.
jREATWOBTOEBNlj
Ticket 01D.cc: I'i TUlrcI St. 'Phone OSO
T P1VF The "r"Tr. da""7 "o an'l ARRIVE.
No. 4 spoils. Duluth. Calcagk ?- "l
G:20 P.M 1 "ri points East. S:CO A. M.
Through Palace and Tourist Sleepers, Dining
and Rurtet Smoklng-LIlirary Cars.
JAPAN - AMERICAN LINE
, STEAMSHIP TOSA MARU
For Japan. China and all Asiatic points will
leave Seattle
About May 21st.
SEATTLE
Yukon River Points
S. S. "OHIO," 3CO0 tons, after two years
eervice as U. S. transport, bna been released,
and will sail from Seattle for Cape Nome about
May 24. Rates First class. $100 and $123:
second class. $75. For berths, etc. apply tn
any railroad a sent, or agent of tha Interna
tional Navigation Co.. or to
EMPIRE TRANSPORTATION CO.,
COT First avenue. Seattle, Wash.
WASHINGTON & ALASKA
STEAMSHIP CO.
Steamship "CITY OF SEATTLE" will leave
Seattle at S P. M. on Tuesday, April 3. and
every 10 dajs thereafter, lor Varcouver. Ketch
ikan. Juneau and Skagvray, making trip iron
Seattle to Skngway In 72 hours.
For freight and passage Inquire of
DODAVELL A CO.. LIMITED, AGEHT2,
ff surtsrr -nl
O OGGcHSS-iASTA M
Parcels.
) All Burllnston Route day
I
liglili 2i&
gSAlie
4
A-
SaaS-i. " -afc- '
, -i -(----.t.irfaS &
kT.sC.i &- J 'ta Jig-