""V. - , . 'i . . THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN; PORTLAND,. APKIL 1900. -r 3 -n-- THE WORD "AMEniCA." An Assertion That It Had Its Origin In German Literature. . Berlin Correspondence of Chicago Tribune. , Tho history of the name "America." has been partially cleared up by Herr Schlller Tiett, of Kleln-Flottbeck. near Hamburg. In an article In the "Runchau fuer Geo graphic und Statlstlk." He has succeeded In proving that the name made Its appear ance In literature In Germany and France and not In Spain, as has been supposed. The first to call the New "World America were the members of a small circle of dilettanti at St. Die, In French Lorraine. This circle flourished toward the end of the 15th century. Among Its members was Martin Waltzemullor, who afterward Lat inized his name Into "Ilacomylus" Wald-see-Mueller, or "Mueller of the Lake of the "Woods." Under Ms direction a col lection of maps was published. This was followed In 1007- by a globe and a world map combining the old Ptolemaic ideas and pictures with the Spanish and Portu guese discoveries. Waltiemueller Issued at the same time a "Cosmographlae Introductlo" as lllustra tratlve text. It was printed on April 25, 1507. In this paper there occurs the fol lowing passage: "Nunc vero et hae partes (Europe, Afri ca, Asia), sunt latlus lustratao et alia Quarta pars per Amerlcanum Vcspucclum (ut in sequentlbus audlatur) lnventa est, auam non video cur quls jure vetet ab I, Amerlco lnventore, sugacls lngcnll vlro Amcrlgen quasi Amerlcl terram sive Am ericam dlcendam, cum Europa et Asia a mulierlbus sua eortita elnt nomlna." (Translation: After these portions of the earth (Europe, Africa, Asia) had been disclosed, a fourth division was discovered by Americus Vespucclus, and I see nothing to hinder us from naming this section .America, or the land of Americus, partlcu Jariy as Europe and Asia are named after women.) ' His Idea seems to havo been that the discovery of a New World had brought forward a masculine race and introduced a masculine era. More Important than this consideration, perhaps, wore tho allit eration and tho similarity of sound. Waltzemueller's proposal was at once adopted in Germany. The older Aplanus (Bienewltz) used the name America Pro vincla in his map of the world, which was printed as a wood cut in 1522. The fact that the name was first used . In literature In Germany and France Is regarded as sufficient proof that Americus Vespucclus did not force his name upon the New World, as older historians main tained, the Spaniards and Portuguese call ing America "Novus Mundus," or the West Indies, throughout the 16th century. Waltzemueller was. probably on account of his outlandish Latin name, completely forgotten until Alexander von Humboldt reminded the world of his services. Walt zemueller was led to hold Vespucci to be the discoverer of America from the fact that the latter s writings were tho main source of Information about tho New World at this period. He afterward learned of his mistake and attempted to withdraw his proposal to call tho home of the free and the land of the brave America, but It was too late. This narrows the problem, but does not solve It. The question Is. How Waltze- Ivmueller came to call Vespucclus "Ameri p'n"'!pR"irt nf Alberleo. or. rather, how Vespucci came to call himself Amerigo or Americus. The director of the Peruvian National Library at Lima, Senor Klcardo Palma, has attempted to show that America Is of American origin. The question that re mains to be answered is, "Did Vespucci make an easy exchange of his name for a nickname?" The Celebrities. Joseph Jacob In the Fortnightly Review. ,. Everybody nowadays Is an author mote or less, but there can be no doubt that dis tinction in book-writing Is more difficult to obtain at the present time, because of the larger number who pursue the rrofes- I elon if it Is a profession and the same explanation of the drop In the permlUage can be offered as In tho case of actors. But it is also probable, I think, that the national ability Is more devoted to the practical life than It was in the 'GOs. Toung men of promise adopt the professional and public carer rs, rather than that of author ship or Journalism. But among the pro fessions thus selected, thero can be no doubt of the decline In popularity of the clerical, indicated by the drop in the fig urea of our lists from 130 to 71. Clergy do not loom so large In the Nation's eye as they did 30 years ago. and it Is difficult to say whether tho decline In quality and quantity recently complained of is either I- the effect or the cause. Law, on the other hand, appears to be doubly as at tractive as it was 30 years ago. notwith standing the pressure of competition with in the profession. Doctors appear to stand stationary in attractiveness to the world and to themselves. As might have been expected, the services have become more popular, owing to tho rising tide of Imperialism and militarism: both on land and sea there are double tho number of "celebrities." The reproach that Eng land Is not a musical nation is slowly be ing wiped out if one can judge by the double quota of musicians In the later list. On tho other hand, artists have some what declined In number, and, as the later list Includes sculptors and engravers in that rubric, the falling off is marked. En graving, indeed, as a profession and as a means of obtaining fame has entirely died out; the engraver nowadays Is a process maker. Curiously enough, engineers do not seem to have Increased in popularity during the Interval, the truth being that there are more of them, but they get less credit, owing to the growth of the class of con tractors and financiers, who utilize their services but get the kudos of their ex ploits. Of the decline of public interest In science, as a whole, there can be little doubt. Scientific men must have In creased more than four-fold in the inter val, yet their proportional parallas has declined from 72 to 42. Specialization doubtless advances science and secures a man's position, but it rarely brings him prominently before the public. The pop ular exponent of science has also disap peared; we have nobody nowadays exact- ly corresponding to Professors Huxley, Tynaall and: uiinora. Tne rapid decline In the number of travelers who are run after by the public is a simple illustration of the fact that the whole world has now been practically discovered. Establishment of Slavery tn the South Popular Science Monthly. It early became evident that slavery was to be of no permanent economic advant age to any part of the colonies within the glaciated district, say from Central New Jersey northward. In that portion of the coastal "belt, the state of the sur face and the character of the crops alike tended to make the ownership of slaves unprofitable. The farms were necessar ily small. They became in a natural way establishments worked by the head oS the house, with the hjip of his children. Such other help as was needed was. In the ' course of two generations, readily had from hired white men and women. It was otherwise in the tobacco-planting region to the southward. The cultivation of that plant, to meet the extraordinary demands that Europe made for It, gave slavery Its chance to become established In this coun try. But for that Industry the institu tion would most likely .have taken but slight root, and the territory as far south as North Carolina would have been in so cial order not very different from Penn sylvania. New York and the New Eng land settlements. But. owing to some pe culiar, as yet unrecognized, adjustments of climate and soil, tobacco for pipes has a quality when grown in the Virginia dis trict such as it has nowhere else in tne world, and the world turned to smoking It. with a disregard for expense, that made each laborer in the field worth some hundred dollars a year. The Queen of Spain. Good Words. The day Alfonso died. November 25. 1SS5, Maria Christina's tragic position won all Spanish hearts. The King had outlived his brief hour of popularity. He was too young and frivolous to measure the con sequences for so democratic a nation as Spain of today of a frivolous reign. He could bo brave as befits a man of his birth, which he proved in the smallpox plague and the earthquakes. But his real preoccupations were bullfights and ladles of light morals. Instead of the serious sovereign Spain needed, she had only a mediocre rake, and whatever may be thought to the contrary, nowadays at least, tho rule of tho rake Is none of the wisest. And so Spain was'onco more on the verge of a resolution. But death at 23 is considered a tragic expiation of the follies of youthtide. and the country only remembered the King's extreme youth and regretted its unfulfilled promise. His er rors were, after all, the errors of impuls ive and passionate nature, without a bridle to Its desires and no higher ideal than tho enjoyment of the hour. Spain saw but the corpse of a young man, beside which knelt a young widow. Spanish chivalry awoke when the Span lards reflected that this young -widowed Queen was a foreigner, a woman on the point of motherhood, whose fate was In their hands. When the Prime Minister, Senor Canovas, came Into the mortuary chamber to tender her his resignation, the newly proclaimed Regent, terrified at the Immediate prospect of her responsibilities, cried to him, "No, no; don't talk to me of business matters, at least while Alfonso is here." But she was even in that awful hour made to understand that affairs of state may not yield to privato misery, and as Reina Gobcrnadora, though her eyes were full of human tears In the presence of human unhapplncss, sho was obliged to take the oath of allegiance to the King's successor and to the laws of the coun try, which the confided to the new Min ister, Senor Sagasta. A Zulu Legrend. London Globe. The following Is a curious, legend "be lieved In by the Zulus: Once there was a talking elephant, such an elephant as had never been seen before, and ho lived upon children. At length, after devouring many unprotected children, he drew near to a woman who had been cutting wood, and with her child, a bundle of fagots and an ax was passing by. Immediately she un derstood the elephant's Intention, and said: "Spare my child, oh, elephant!" but the elephant refused. Then the mother cried again: "If this great wrong must be, swallow me, too." So the elephant swallowed mother and child, and they found themselves with all the other chil dren who had been eaten long ago. By and by the child complained of hunger to the mother, and, with her fagots, she made a fire, and with her ax she cut away the elephant's flesh and cooked food, and they all ate. Again the child felt hungry, and this time the motherJ ugmea a larger nro ana cut a. larger piece of flesh. Filled with pain from the great heat the elephant ran and ran and ran and ran till they felt the thunder of his hoofs racing over hill and valley, and at last, quite exhausted, he fell down and died. Then, with her ax, the mother chopped and chopped till she had made an opening in the elephant's side, and they crept out and found themselves in a new country, and became a new nation. Excluslvcness In American Works. Engineering Magazine. Thero is no doubt that the free Inter change of Ideas and experiences of per sons engaged in similar lines of manufac ture tends to the general advancement of any art, but there Is, apparently, a growing feeling that this has been some what overdone In America, and It Is now becoming more difficult for visitors to ob tain permits to Inspect the large Indus trial establishments of the country. With in the past few years, or since the great invasion of American manufactured pro ducts, especially of Iron and steel. In many foreign markets, there has been a marked Increase In the number of foreign visi tors, engineers, mechanics and other ex perts, chiefly from Great Britain and Ger many, to the large industrial establish ments of the United States, and several of these visitors havo given the results ot their observations to the engineering world. , As the result of observation in some large establishments, and of inquiry else where. I believe that it is becoming more and more the policy of manufacturers In America to keep secret Improvements in processes of manufacture, and while vis itors are, and probably will continue to be, cordially welcomed and even permitted to make investigations more fully than they can do at prevent In European estab lishments, these secrets are now as care fully guarded In American shops as In foreign factories. The Moor Loch. Robert Bain in Chambers's Journal. Among tbe lonely hills It Ilea, Ieep, dark, and still; And mlrrora back the chanceful skies; The am, moon, stars, the bird that files. The broad, brown-abouldered hllL The world's wide voice la silent here; The cries of men. The sob. the laugh, the- hope, the fear. The things which make earth sad and dear. Lie all beneath Its ken. And only he who comes from far. Seeking the deep Communion sweet with inn and Mar, Knows of the calm and Joy that are . In Its vast, stlrlesa sleep. For here tbe eternal ooul holds speech, Trt makes no sound; -With naught but clouds which one might reach. The black Cool, the untrodden beach. And hearkening apace, around. rime and the things of Time are not; The path we trod Ends with the world's end here, and thought Can neither see nor dream- of aught Save man's own heart and God. The American Xegro Today. Contemporary Review. The distaste which the new generation of blacks feel for thorough and contin uous work is most conspicuously shown in their objection to following trades. Owing to the distance caused by the size of the estates In the age of slavery, which made It inconvenient to send for white mechanics, who generally lived in the vil lages, it was the custom to train negroes to most of the common handicrafts. There were blacksmiths, carpenters, wheelwrights, masons, bricklayers, shoe makers and saddlers on all of the most extensive plantations, and many of these men were very skillful In their trades. They had frbra boyhood served an ap prenticeship witn older slaves, and for years had been called on to do a great quantity of work. A craft was often passed down from father to son. and had thus, on the same estate, been In the hands of members of the same family for a century or more. One may travel sow many hundred, miles through the rural districts of the South and not come upon a single black mechanic. And this seems all tho more remarkable when It Is re called that In the numerous colleges for the blacks established in all parts of the Southern' states manual tasks have been used as an Important branch of the sys tem of instruction. The graduates of them industrial schools either give up their trades altogether or they do not return to their native rural communities as the most promising field for such pursuits. In most cases the trades are abandoned, because to follow them would make necessary a confining and exacting life In one place. White men havo practically usurped all the handi crafts tn the rural districts, while the negroes still continue to look to the tasks of the field for a subsistence. These tasks they can drop In one locality, without risking their chance of securing work In another, as would be the case If they were mechanics. Such tasks they can also per form with as many Intervals of indolence as they like. Adoration of the Black Christ. From "A Glimpse of Guatemala," A. C and A. P. Maudslar. As evening approached, little companies of pilgrims, bending under their burdens, filed Into the town, and as night fell the Plaza of Eaqulpulas was lit up by numer ous small fires, around which the pilgrims fathered for their supper. This Import ant meal ended, they began their religious functions by laying down petates (mats) In front of the cacastes Gong baskets carried on men's backs), which had already been arranged in a line across the Plaza. Then each man produced from his cargo a small wooden box, usually glazed on one side, containing the image of a saint and these were arranged in a row against the cacas tes, between lighted candles, the place of honor In the middle being assigned to a box contlnlng a figuro of the Black Christ When these arrangements were complet ed, the Indians, who were dressed in long black woolen garments, with long white veils fastened to their black straw hats, prostrated themselves in turn beforo each shrine, and crawled along from one to the other on hands and knees, laying the fore head In the dust, offering up their prayers to each saint and kissing the box which contained its image. These acts of devo tion were several times repeated, and then, grouping themselves on their kneoz before the shrine of the Black Christ and led by one of their number, who seemed to have some kind of authority over them, they all chanted the quaint hymn wo had so often heard In the early watches of the morning. After slngihg for nearly half an hour they withdrew to their fires, rolled themselves In their blankets, and were soon fast asleep. The Xative Nevr Zealander. Blackwood. At sunset one evening we sauntered Into a Maori village, and found ourselves in the grassy enclosure wherein sat the tribe eat ing Its evening meat Some natives might have resented our invasion. Not so the Maoris. With unaffected pleasure, they made us welcome. Swarthy faces beamed upon us; many brown hands were out stretched to grasp ours, and tattoed lips. In hospitable If quite unintelligible lan guage. Invited us to partake. Round two largo dishes tho entire party of men, wo men, girls, youths and babes were squat ted, and It was Interesting to see that In this tribal commune, the smallest child had evidently as much right to put his paw In the dish and help himself as had his elders. In a pool of gravy In a tin pan lay a large ham bone at which an Infant was picking, but the chief provision lay In a great pie dish full of kumaros (sweet po tatoes) and some green vegetable. In ad dition, there was a splendid loaf of bread, round, fiat, nicely browned 'and closely resembling a huge wheaten scone. The method ot cooking was primitive, but ap parently efficient Catching the glimmer ing of firelight in one of the larger huts, we entered and found that it proceeded from some glowing wood ashes on the floor. Over the embers were sot Iron bars which formed a rude grill, whereon was placed a large tin pan containing an other loaf, whllo a third still In the dough stage stood on the floor ready for baking. Sostrilogry Her Xose. Harper's Bazar. Nostrilogy or nasology, the study of character by the shape of the nose. Is said to bo a new science as new as other things under the sun, at least It cer tainly helps out tho fortune-telling, palm ist and physiognomist to no small extent The apostles of this science claim that every lino and curve of the nose has an Important significance, and in its rela tion to the otner features character stands revealed. It is claimed that the nose of ten blocks the way to success. This reminds mo of a little story Julia Mar lowe tells of herself: "When I was a child." she said tho oth er day, apropos of this science of noses, "I used to dream of the time when I would be a great tragedienne. Nothing but tragedy had any charms for me. But my family assured me that such a thing as a tragedienne with a pug ncse had never been heard of. I was greatly con cerned about my nose, and one day I consulted our family physician In regard to on operation to which I wished to sub mit In order to remove the terrible obsta clo ot a pug nose. I remember that he was greatly amused, and assured me that my nose was all right I knew that was not so, and I knew that success was more difficult on account of it But one can succeed even in spite of such an obstacle as an uncompromising pug nose." Black Rain. Chambers's Journal. The first case of black rain which comes under review occurred at Grahamstown and the surrounding district In August 1SSS, and It extended over an area of no less than 300 square miles. Since then there have happened several showers of a similar character, but less pronounced In their sable character. Other showers of black rain nave been recorded In Ireland, one of which was felt over an area of 400 square miles. .No ono seems to have microscopically examined the water which fell at Grahamstown; but it was noted that the liquid gradually cleared when placed in a suitable vessel, and a black precipitate fell from it In the latter cases referred to the deposit has been carefully examined, .and was found to consist of microscopic organisms which averaged about the 12,500th part ot an Inch In length, and which were Identified with the same fungoid organisms that are re sponsible for blight In the plants which they Infest and subsequently for smut mildew, and rust In wheat and barley. Tho writer sums -up his remarks thus: "Humidity" Is known to contribute largely to the copious production ot fungi, and during protracted drought the regions af fected thereby will remain comparatively bare of fungi, but during the seasons of frequent rainfalls the production of a funsold Tegetatlon b largely Increased." AKJTr DISCIPLINE IS CAIfADA. Tkt Stem fyatnn Which Prevail "With OBBcera and Men, New Llpplncott Tho discipline ot the imperial army Is very strict This Is equally true of the "permanent force" of the active militia of Canada. Without. going into lengthy detail it may be mentioned that a private soldier Is not permitted to approach or ad dress a-commissioned officer unless spoken to or having- received permission to do so through his noncommissioned officer. The most trifling Infraction of the many rules and regulations which are the result of years of costly experiment and experience. onngs swut ana proportionate punisnmenr In its train. These punishments run the gamut through confinement to barracks and answering tho defaulter's roll-call at stated Intervals, pack drill, deductions from pay, imprisonment in dark cells upon limited diet and so on. A slovenly or un- THE OUTLANDER OP 1884. - " MIRAGE." , General Gordon ... "What la it that I se em to see Across the sand waste? Is-It the quick gleam. Of English steel, or but a deaert-dreamT Help or. that last Illusion of distress. The mocking mirage of the wilderness? Punch's tribute to "Chinese" Gordon. Drawn by Sir John TennleL cleanly man cannot remain In the corps. It Is very difficult for one who curses or uses obscene language to do so. Although there are canteens at all stations, where varieties of "extras" in tho way of food, drink, and tobacco can be obtained at a slight advance on cost price, the use of both Intoxicants and the common narcotic is frowned down upon. The penalty for being found under the influence of liquor is very severe, and a repetition of the of fense will likely pllo enough bad marks against the unfortunate to cause his dis honorable discharge. In this connection it may be stated that each enlisted man has a number, which Is marked upon everything appertaining to him,-from rifle to marching shoes, and against this num ber and bis name is kept a ledger account In .the regimental book which covers his whole military career. He must attain to a certain minimum of excellence in the regular balancing ot this account or be discharged. However, there is a credit side. By adding to this ho receives good conduct pay, promotion with Increased pay and allowances, and various other comfortable emoluments. Tho stern sys tem prevalent in the Imperial army as regards commissioned officers Is too well known to need any mention. Officers of the "permanent force" of the active mili tia of Canada ore on precisely the same footing. A Frontal Attack. Saturday Review. There Is one class of frontal attack which history tells us has often been made and mado with success, but which nowa days is thoroughly Indefensible. We mean where a commander, after a superficial reconnoalssance of an enemy In position, bewildered by the difficulties which ap parently crop up to hinder any scheme he can evolve for outmanoeuverlng htm, reverts to the good old English custom of Just "going for him." Doubtless such elementary tactics have before now won us brilliant victories or saved us from al most inevitable defeat and disaster. Un fortunr tely, the time for such crude ideas of handling t-oops is past and gone. To sin ply launch men In an attack across the cpen under tbe storm of magazine rifle and Maxim fire, not to speak of machine shell guns which the Boers so much af fect is to be guilty of a wicked waste of life, and. further, is only courting dis aster. Truo it is that tho extraordinary pluck and determination ot our officers and men may and have rendered such desperate "tactics" (If such an operation is worthy of the name) a success, but at what cost? We can recall to our mind a certain low kopje which suddenly loomed up before a company of our Infantry the summit swarming with the enemy's marksmen but up it our men went and onward and with a loss of over one-'hird of their nurabtr. All honor to the men. who thus nobly did their duty. But a general action carried out on such lines would render n victory only one degree removed from s defeat Good-Dye to "the Aryans.' R. S. Conway, In The Contemporary Review. It Is no longer possible to think of any one such people as those who were called "the Aryans." The old method of discov ering what they were like was to apply a kind of arithmetic to the vocabularies ot the existing languages, and to call every thing "Aryan" which was contained in the greatest common measure of these vocab ularies. Thus: "All the nine branches of language have the same word for cow, cow In fact; ergo, the Aryans possessed cows, and had reached at least a pastoral stage of civilization." Or. again: "The majority ot tho nine, branches- possess the word beech: ergo, their ancestors lived In a land of beeches, and therefore, some where West of a line drawn from Sweden to the Crimea." By this simple method a great many delightful habits were as cribed to them; they had learned to plow, to grind corn In mills, to give their sons and daughters in marriage, and. In short were quite respectable forbears. But this romancing has received a serious check. In a number of cases It has been shown that the languages of two adjacent com munities have undergone precisely the some developments at the same time, al though all the while the two languages were perfectly distinct This may happen whenever one or two conditions Is ful filled. Either the speakers of language A must be able to understand language B, and vice versa, which Is generally the case when A and B aro kindred dialects, or else the two must be connected by a chain of one or more links, each link be ing a- language Intelligible to its nearest neighbors on either side. Soma Cnrlons Rearimental nickname Notes and Queries. "Cheeses" is a nickname which has bees applied to. tho Household Cavalry; and was given because a century ago It was remodeled on a somewhat more demo cratic basis, and some "gentlemen" there fore declined, to Join! "Come on. Cheese- -- ZI!! avw mongers, charge!" was the cry of the Colonel at Waterloo. "Cherry Pickers" Is a name given to the Eleventh Hussars from the cherry color of the overalls. They have also been called "Cherubim." A story Is told of a party of the regiment having been sur prised In a cherry garden during the Pen Insular War. "Coalheavers" Is a nickname for tho Grenadier Guards, originating, it Is said, in the permission formerly given to the men to work, in plain clothes. In the coal trade "The Dally Advertisers" Is a name ap plied, for unknown reasons, to the Fifth Lancers. The Seventeenth Lancers are the "Death or Glory Boys" a name easily ex plained, as their banner bears a skull, un derneath which are the words "or glory." The "DeU's Own" was the nickname of the old Eighty-eighth, now the Con naught Rangers. The Duko of Cambridge's Own (Middle sex Regiment) Includes the former Fifty seventh, known as the "Die Hards," from their splendid courago at Albuera. Tho "Dirty Half Hundred" Is a name for the former Fiftieth, now part of the Queen's Royal West Kent Regiment The eighth Hussars are the "Dirty Eighth." Why this designation should be suitable to this regiment Is one of the mysteries of the usually good-natured spirit of satire to which military nick names are due. ' Tho Royal Munster Fusiliers are made up of the former One Hundred and First and One Hundred and Fourth Regiments. "Dirty Shirts" was the name given to the One Hundred and First who fought In their shirt sleeves at Delhi. A Stlcklt Minister. Good Words. A "stlcklt minister" Is one who, having passed tho university training and suc cessfully survived the "trials," as they are termed, of the ecclesiastical courts, has reached the position of "licentiate" or "probationer," which, as in the case of a deacon la the Anglican communion, conveys authority to preach but not to dispense the sacraments, and makes him eligible for appointment to a parish. Un til he has reached the' status of an or dained presbyter he is not a minister In the full sense of the term; and if he has grown old In the ranks of the probation ers, or taken up another calling, such as that of schoolmaster, be gradually sinks Into tho limbo of the "stlcklt ministers," being men who have stuck fast on the way to tho full rank of presbyter. There are not many "stlcklt ministers" now In the strict sense of the term. Near ly every licentiate fills some office as as sistant in "a parish. A very few may re main for & time, or perhaps permanently. In the pathetic position of being dependent on casual employment as preachers when a Sunday servico is required, receiving a fee, usually a guinea, for their trouble. Their lot is far from enviable, especially wh-n under the faded black coat there Is found ft man of culture, but lacking the populci gift or the "push" and Influence which may have carried his college chums, whom he may have beaten in class work. Into comfortable charges. The Flylnsr Bowl. From "The Japanese of the llth'Century." Once upon a time a priest named Jaku sho went to China, where the Emperor happened to hold a mass in a temple splendidly adorned, and entertained a host of Buddhist monks. The Emperor an nounced to his guest that on that occa sion every priest invited should be allowed no attendant fcnd he ought to receive food by flying his own bowL This order was Issued, In fact to examine the ability of the Japanese priest, and accordingly all Chinese prelates In their respective turns caused their bowls to fly and received food. Now the turn came to Jakusho to do his duty, and he, who was sitting' on the last seat In the meeting, began to hold up his bowl and to walk Into the spot where food was being given. He was, however. Interrupted by all looKers-on, who were unanimous In urging him to fly his bowl, Jakusho replied thus: "To cause one s bowl to By Is an art whlcn needs special training I never underwent Although Japan saw a few persons who were acquainted with this art yet they did not perform it In public How, then, can I cause my'bowl to flyT" But, seeing that the Emperor would not cease to ex act from him the performance of such a duty, Jakusho turned1 his face toward his country and silently prayed- with the ut most devotion to the Buddhas and. Deities guarding it for their help to protect it from Ignominy through his failure In the performance. Then suddenly his bowl began to turn like a spun top, went through the air swifter than all the other priests, and, receiving his portion, returned to him. This miracle, so unexpected by the Chi nese, Impelled the Emperor and all who were there to adore him as an unparal leled saint Sheridan and Cumberland. Fortnightly Review. There was a great deal of Jealousy be tween Sheridan and Cumberland. "While the former was much the more original in genius, the latter was the mcro successful In tho outset In fact his dramatic pro. ductlons were all the vogue for some years, and were Instrumental In introduc ing him to all the literary and distin guished society of. his day. Although Cumberland praised the Judicious introduc tion of the screen scene in "The School for Scandal." he was charged with be ing tbe irritable opponent of all merit but tils own. The story goes that he was present with his young family at an early performance of 'the famous comedy Just named, "The School for Scandal." They were seated In the stage box. and the children screamed with delight: but the less easily pleased fretful author pinched them, exclaiming. "What are you laugh ing at, my dear little folk3? You should not laugh, my angels; there Is nothing to laugh atl" And he added In an under tone. "Keep still, you little dunces." When Sheridan was told of this, he said: "It was ungrateful of Cumberland to have been displeased with his children for laughing at my comedy, for when I went to see his tragedy I laughed from begin ning to end." But there must have been something beyond this to account for Sher. Man's animosity toward Cumberland, whom he ultimately pilloried as the Irri table and conceited dramatist Sir Fretful Plasiary, in "The Critic" Those who knew them both account for it thus: Sheridan, being most anxious to collect the opinions of the acknowledged judges of dramatic merit on "The School for Scandal," asked what Mr. Cumberland had said on the flrst night of the perform ance. "Not a syllable," was the answer. "But did be seem amused?" "Why, faith," was the reply, "he might have been hung up beside Uncle Oliver's pic ture. He had the villainous disinheriting countenance; like the ladles and gentle men on the walls, he never moved a mus cle." . Bualiivliacklnir. Blackwood. Sharp words of command ring out. The gun is run Into position nose forward, and a shell sings loudly on its way to the stockade. It bursts in the roof of a house, and a yell of, defiance comes back in a thready cheer from tho Malays In the vil lase, mingled with the cries of women and little children. From 20 points In the line of the stockade little puffs ot smoke leap out fiercely and the bullets sing and whlstlo Overhead. Some peck up the ground In front: others make splashes In the rice swamp a couple of hundsed yards to tho rear. A rocket tube is run out, and the dart from the "fiery blowpipe rushes forward, hissing and screaming: like a flying dragon of ancient story. A houso bursts into flames. The gun drops shell after shell Into the stockade, the bugle sounds the charge, and with a boss roar the Sikhs rush out of cover ajid tear across tho swampy open which divides them from the village. Some few of their number get hopelessly bogged: others flounder along unchecked by tho knee deep mire. The white men lead, pistol In hand, roaring like their men. It Is a mo ment worth living for. Tho rapid run forward, the sweep down the hill, through the swamps, up the grass to the stockade, every stride taking them nearer to the en emy. As the line approaches the Are of the Malays slackens. "D n It all; they're bolting already!" yells the political officer as he flounders forward. Sons of Glen Dan. From "Song From the Glens of Antrim," by Molra. CNelll. Sure this Is blessed Erln.nn thiet the name glen. The gold Is oa the whin-bush, the wather sings again. The fairy "thorn's la flower a" what alls my heart then? Flower o the May. Flower o" the May. What about the May time," an he far away! Summer loves the green glen, the white bird loves the sea. An' tho wind must kiss tbe heather top. an' the red hell hides a bee; As tho bee is dear to tho honey-flower, so one Is dear to me. Flower o' the- rose. Flower o" the rose. A thorn pricked mo n day, but nobody knows. Tho bracken up the braestde has rusted.In the air. Three birches lean together, so silver limbed and fair, Och! golden leaves are flyin fast, but I scarlet roan is rare. Berry of the roan. Berry o the roan. The wind eigba among the trees, but I sigh alone. I knit beside the turf Ore. I spin upon the wheel. Winter nights for thlnxln" long, round runs the reel. ... But he never knew, he never knew that here for him I'd kneel. Sparkle o' the fire. Sparkle o' the fire. Mother Mary keep my love, an send mo my desire! Ace of the Earth. Popular Science Monthly. Until almost the beginning of the pres ent century the general belief In all Chris tian countries was that not only the earth and man, but the whole cosmos, began to exist about 6000 to 7000 years ago; further more, that all was made at once without natural process, and have remained sub stantially unchanged ever since. This Is the old doctrine of the supernatural origin and substantial permanency of the earth and Its features. Among intelligent and especially scientific men this doctrine, even in the ISth century, began to be questioned, although not publicly; for in 1751 Button was compelled by the Sorbonne to retract certain views concerning the age of the, earth, published In his Nat ural History in 174). Remnants of the old belief lingered even into the early part of tho present century, and may even yet "oe found hiding away in some of the re mote corners of civilized countries. But with the birth ot geology, and especially through the work of Hutton In Scot land, Cuvler In France and William Smith In England, the much greater the Inconceivably great antiquity o't the earth and the origin of its present forms, by gradual changes which are still going on, was generally acknowledged. Indeed, as already said, this Is the fundamental idea of geology, without Which It could not exist as a science. JfOT GOOD BUSINESS POLICT. Government Subsidies to Encourage Private Enterprise. Review of Reviews. England has at times given large steam ship subsidies, but she has dono it on busi ness principles. It was a political neces sity for her to have communication with; her colonies, and to have steamships which, could furnish her with a naval reserve and. a transport service In case of war. In order to do this, she bad to pay for It Sho tried to pay as little as she could for the service rendered; but she could not. without political, suicide, dispense with such service. She had the same reasons for subsidizing steamships that we havo for maintaining postal communication on lines which do not pay. It was the soma reason which had led Germany and Rus sia to build military railroads or which led us to grant liberal aid to the Union. Pacific in 1SE2 and Vl. In all these cases it was a matter of business for the Gov ernment to secure its end. The fact that the returns could not all be measured irk dollars and cents, did not prevent its being: sound business policy. In fact, it furnish ed a strong reason why the Government might properly make the expenditure, be eausa there was an advantage to be. gained of which individual -enterprise could reap the benefit But where subsidies have been given, as has been recently the case In France. or as was done in America In the Instances already described, as a means of encour aging privato commercial enterprise, it has not proved good business policy. It has caused waste Instead of economy, loss rather than gain: It has not proved a .source of naval strength or commercial DrosDerity for the Nation which has adopted it. It has turned out to be simnly. an Inducement to extravagance Picture Hanging, Harper's Bazar. Today no one hangs pictures In pairs. The time when regularity of arrangement was considered the acme of elegance has vanished, and in its place has come a w lid struggle after tho unexpected by those whose ono Idea of artistic effect is to have nothing match anything else. The weird result their efforts produce is due to their failure to appreciate the fact that har mony, at least, must rule, even although, uniformity has been discarded. There must be a scheme to which tho. general tone of the pictures should con form. A dark carbon must not hang close to an etching drawn In delicate lines and bordered by a broad white mat If water colors with their sqft tmta elbow oil paint ings, with their bolder tones, the former will be faded, the latter coarsened. Let It be grasped. In the flrst place, that certain things may go together, whila. others must be barred from the associa tion. Etchings, photographs, drawing., somo engravings, water colors, pastels, may Je assembled on friendly terms. Even then. however, there must be Judgment exercised In the way they are placed. Contrary to the natural inclination, dark, heavily shaded pictures should not alwaja bang In the strongest itght, but should In ficrruo cases seek a sheltered position, away from the glare of the windows. Near the light may hang tho pictures In fainter tlnt3, the subdued water colors', the line engravings, whose best points need illumination. This order may some times be reversed when the comer furthest from tho window shows a decided need of brightening by light pictures, but always the gradation of tints should be borne in mind. Just as In a well-planned room the darkest corner Is found In the carpet and melts from that through tha shades of the curtains and furniture to the lightest nuance in the wall, so the lower pictures should he more somber tn hue thnn the upper, and should lead the eye unconsciously from the deepest tono to the highest light French Food Falsifications. The Athenaeum. Tho chemical laboratory of the Paris municipality has satisfied Itself, as the re sult of repeated analyses, that, on tho average, two-thirds of the samples of milk examined either have water added to them or are ndulterated in a more or less Injurious manner. Out cif 140 samples de clared good, 20 had watfgr added to them. 83 had been skimmed, 2 had been artifi cially colored, 22 had -boraclc acid or formol added. One Is left in wonder what Is the condition of tho jemalnder If this Is the verdict on those tel-med "good." But perhaps the climax of thai kind of fraud Is reached in the egg trade. Eggs are col ored red with the aid of .pigments, which are frequently poisonous and are some times derived from coal. This is, how ever, by no means the worst. Artificial eggs are constructed Inside empty egg shells out of gelatine and Inferior fats. colored up with saffron, turmeric and chrome yellow. Can any further develop ment be possible in this "Industry"? If It were not for the two highly respectable writers who have signed this article, ono would be disposed to consider the state ment an odd form of pleresantry. The old proverb, "An egg and a nut you may eat after a slut" can hardly hold god nowa days. Dr. Leyds. rrom "The War in Africa," by J. A. Hob son. The evil genius of Transvaal politics has undoubtedly been Dr. Leyds. Tho notion of an unqualified Dutch political suprem acy, with a complete dominance of Dutch language and Ideas, which this Imported Hollander sought to Impress upon Trans vaal politics and administration, has been a chief source of such Ultlander griev ances as possess a real foundation. His personal Influence was persistently used to harden the heart of Paul Krugcr agalnt corscedlng political power or any consid erable measure at self-government to the Ultlander. Born In Java and trained la the atmosphere of Roman-Dutch law, which, though In some respects an ex cellent administrative system. Is hostile to British notions of liberty, he strovo to impose this riicld Hollander character on the laws and public Institutions of the Transvaal, which for a time became a perfect nest of Hollander officials, mostly men who came for what they could get. and who, hailng got it drifted back to Holland. , Spanish Proverbs. Chambers's Journal. Proverbs uncomplimentary to the fair sex are common in Spain: "A woman, like a pavement, should be well trampled on to be kept In order"; "A woman Is like a candle; twist her neck if you wish her to be good"; "Beware of a bad woman, and do not trust a good one": "Crying in a woman and limping In a dog is all a sham": "A cock crows on his own dung hills, but hens cackle everywhere" (this In reference to tho supposed garrulous neso and Inquisitive disposition of the sex); "Show me a magpie without a spot and I will show you a woman without a fault" In English, counterparts are not wanting, for example: A woman, a dog. and a walnut tree The more yd beat them the btter they bo. Mothers-in-law and stepmothers come In for a good deal of sarcasm; somo of the proverbs In regard to them will not stand translation. Of a man who Is accounted lucky they say, 'Tf he fell from the root of a house he would fall on the top of his i mother-in-law." ii-!rii - , -v f' J- -V J8ESf."''fa. tJf - r& & . a- it j ft, - Jt I.KgijS? f . r5?-fih. ..-.,. -w