10
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAND, MARCH 18, 1900.
DEATH ICTCXI, OF SLAVERY.
Cpoch. Mnliinu Episode of Lincoln's
Administration.
Biography of Charles Francis Adams, x-TJnlted
States Minister to Great Britain.
In the meantime one of the great events
of the century had taken place In Ameri
ca. On September 22, while the British
Prime' lllnlster and Foreign Secretary
were corresponding with a view to the
Immediate recognition of the "Slavehold
ers' Confederacy," the Emancipation Proc
lamation of 'President Lincoln had been
made public Slavery as an Issue In the
struggle then going on could no longer be
denied or ignored. It was there; and It
was thero to stay. The knot was cut; the
shackles were knocked off.
The ultimate influence of this 'epochal
move In Europe, especially In Great Brit
ain, was immense; but, at the moment, it
seemed to excite only astonishment,
mingled with ccorn and horror. It was not
even taken seriously. Indeed, a reprint
of the editorials of the leading English
papers of that date would now be a lit
erary curiosity, as well as a most useful
vade mecum for the race of ready editorial
writers. An Instructive memorial of hu
man fallibility. It might preserve from
many future pitfalls. Not a single one of
tho London journals of 1SS3 roso to an
equality with the ocaslon. An event oc
curred second In Importance to few in the
development of mankind; the knell of hu
man bondage was sounded, and one more
relic of barbarism ceased; yeC, having eyes
they saw not, having ears they did not
'Uiear. Purblind and deaf, they only canted
nnd caviled. The tono varied from that
"of weak apology In tho friendly News, to
that of bitter denunciation In tho hostile
Post The Times characterlfied the procla
mation as "a very sad document," which
(tho South would "answer with a hiss of
scorn." It was instructive merely as
""proof of the hopelessness anl reckless
loess" of those responsible for it; while,
es an act of policy. It "is. if possible, more
contemptible than it Is wicked." Tho Morn
ling Herald pronounced It "an act of hlgh
Jhanded usurpation," with "no legal force
l.whatever." . . . Had "Mr. Davis hlm
sjelf directed the course of his rival, we
do not think he could have dictated a
measure more likely to divide the North
(end to unite the border states firmly with
the South." The Post remarked: "It is
scarcely possible to treat seriously of this
'singular manifesto. If not genuine, the
composition would be entitled to no little
praise as a piece of matchless irony."
The Standard pronounced the whole thins
a sham, intended "to deceive England and
Europe, the wretched makeshift of a petti
fogging lawyer." The Dally Telegraph ac
cused President Lincoln and his advisers
of having "fallen back upon the most ex
travagant yet most commonplace dodges
of the faction that placed them in power."
Meanwhile, the more kindly disposed News
pronounced the step thus taken "feeble
and halting," and gave as Its opinion that
the proclamation had not "the Importance
which some persons in England are dis
posed to attach to it." These extracts are
all from the Issues of the leading London
journals of a single day (October 7, 1862):
but they sufficiently illustrate the tone of
thought and the state of feeling In which
Mr. Adams was then compelled to draw
the breath of life. It was bitterly, ag
gressively -vindictively hostile.
The Peril of Sew Orleans.
New Llppincott.
The British warships first attempted to
cross the sand bars at the mouth of the
river, and ascend the stream, but the
swift Mississippi came to meet them, and
It was as If this monster, immeasurable
In power know that he must defend him
self. The well-handled warships could not
dodgo this simple strength; even the wind
refused Its holp. The river won the first
action.
Bat if tho British could not ascend the
stream, they could destroy the small
American gunboats on the lakes below the
city, and this they did on December 14
with a rather painful thoroughness. The
British were then free to land their troops
on tho shores of these lakes and attempt
to approach the city through miles of dis
mal and sweating swamps. The decisive
word seems to have rested with Major
General Keane. Sir George Pakenham.
the Commander-dn-Chief. had not yet ar
rived. One of Wellington's proud vet
erans was not likely to endure any non
sensical delay over such a business as this
campaign against a simple people who
had not had the art of war hammered
into their heads by a Napoleon. Moreover,
tho army was impatient. Some of the
troops had been with Lord Ross in the
taking of Washington, and they predicted
something easier than that very easy cam
paign. Everybody was completely cock
sure. On the afternoon of December 3, Major
GeneralGabrlello Villere. one of the gaudy
Creole soldiers, camo to see Jackson at
headquarters and announced that about
two thousand British had landed on the
Villcre plantation, nine miles below the
city. Jackson was still feeble, but this
news warmed tho old passion in him. He
pounded the table with his fist "By the
eternal," he cried, "they shall not sleep
on our soil!" All well-regulated authori
ties make Jackson use this phrase "By
the eternal" and any reference to him
would hardly be intelligible unless one
quoted tho familiar line. I suppose we
should not haggle over the matter; histor
ically, one oath is as good as another.
Ocean. Tramps.
Samuel A. Wood in Alnslee's Magazine.
"For the benefit of the reader unfa
miliar with the lingo of shipping men. It
may be well to define what constitutes a
tramp steamship. Briefly, It may be said
that a tramp is a merchant steam vessel
that -runs on no regular route, and is
ready for the service of anybody who
wants to pay her owner a reasonable
sum to take a cargo to any port, remote
or near, in the world. The owner of a
tramp finds It more profitable sometimes
to charter (her for a year to a line that
needs her pending the building of a new
chip, than to run the chance of getting a
series of paying cargoes within that pe-
riod. Some of tho old, slow, single-screw
liners have degenerated into tramps, and
even a few of the trans-Atlantlc record
holders of 20 years ago or less have gone
cargo-seeking in many ports. That might
have been the fate of the old Gulpn steam
ship Alaska (which astonished the world
in 1SS3 by covering the sea space between
Queenstown and New York In six days
and 21 hours), if she had not boon a greedy
coal consumer, and therefore too expen
sive for tramp service. Above all things,
the tramp must be economical in the use
of coal. As the Alaska was not fit to be
a tramp, and was too old. and, compara
tively, -too slow for a first-class liner, all
that her owners could do was to sell her
for old junk, which they did last June.
Previous to that she had been used for
some time as a tenement in an English
harbor.
"The tramp tonnage runs Into the mil
lions, and over half of It is under the
omnipresent red merchant ensign of Great
Britain. More than three-quarters of the
tramps are of British build. They fly
the flags of all nations, but the flag does
not always indicate the nationality of tho
owners of the ships. Many tramps over
whose taffralls the Norwegian flag floats
are owned by Americans, and some of the
old sea nomads of British registry are
tho property, of speculativo Yankees. Nest
In order of number to the British tramps .
are tho Germans, with the Norwegians
a close third. Thero are. comparatively,
a small number of French, Russian. Ital
ian, Austrian. Swedish, Spanish, Chinese
and Japanese tramps. Nearly all tramps
flying the flags of the last three nation
alities ara of British construction. There
are very few American tramps. The pio
neer Yankee craft of this sort was
launched only a -year ago. She Is the
Winifred, and is now doing service as a
coaster for the Morgan line, plying be
tween New York and New Orleans. She
is tho first steamship designed In Amer
ica especially for carylng eargo any
where. There are other but not many
tramps, flying the Stars and; Stripe. They
are merely naturalized Americans, how
ever. Some acquired American registry
during the Spnalsh-Amerlcan War, when
they wero purchased by the Government
for use as transport. After the war they
were sold .and their purchasers, being
mostly Americans, put them under the
ensign of Uncle Sam. The Winifred be
longs to Miller. Bull & Knowlton. of New
York, who run a line of passenger and
freight ships between New York and
Puerto Rico. She was built by the Bath
Iron "Works Company, of Bath, Me. It
was expected that she would do moat of
her 'tramping between ports of the
United States and those of the "West In
dies and Central and South America. She
Is a steel vessel of 2C00 tons, gross meas
urement, and is 805 feet long over all.
She is capable of carrying about 3900 tons
dead weight, and is equipped with triple
expansion engines that were expected to
give her a speed of about 10 knots an
hour, when loaded. She did not develop
this speed by more thnn two knots, and
her owners have sued her builders for
nonfulfillment of contract. Sho is a very
hot ship In the stokehold. One effect of
the acquirement by the United States of
new territory in the West Indies and the
Pacific. American steamship men confi
dently declare, will be the building of a
large fleet of modern tramps, the keels
of some of which are already laid."
Tho Transplantation o a. Race.
Appleton's Popular Science Monthly.
The negroes who camo to North America .
had to undergo as complete a transition
as ever fell to the lot of man, without
the least chance to undergo an acclimat
izing process. They were brought from tho
hottest part of tho earth to the region
where the winter's cold is of almost arctic
severity from an exceedingly humid to
a very dry air. They came to service
under alien taskmasters, strange to them
in speech and in purpose. They had to be
take themselves to unaccustomed food
and to clothing such as they had never
worn before. Rarely could one of the
creatures find about him a familiar face
of friend, parent or child, or an object
that recalled his past life to him. It was
an appalling change. Only those who
know how the negro cleaves to an tiie
dear, familiar things of life, how fond,
he Is of warmth and friendliness, can con
ceive the physical and mental shock that
this introduction to new conditions meant
to him. To people of our own race it
would have meant death. But these won
derful folk appear to have withstood the
trials of their deportation in a marvelous
way. They showed no peculiar liability to
disease. Their longevity or period of use
fulness was not diminished, or their fe
cundity obviously Impaired. So far as I
have been able to learn, nostalgia was not
a source of mortality, as It would have
been with any Aryan population. The
price they "brought In the market and the
satisfaction of their purchasers with their
qualities show that they were from the
first almost ideal laborers. If we compare
the Algonkln Indian. In appearance a
sturdy fellow, with these negroes, we see
of what stuff the blacks are made. A
touch of housework and of honest toll
took the breath of the aborigines away,
but these tropical exotics fell to their
tasks and trials far better than the men
of our own kind could have done.
English Shrp-Bnildinjc
and Trade
TJnioniHm.
Engineering Magazine.
Undoubtedly the most striking feature
of 1S89. in an industrial sense, has been
the great rise in prices. The enormous
difference has had the natural effect of
checking the demand for new ships es
pecially as the cost of working a steamer
has been greatly increased by the large
advances in bunker ceals and stores. Then
the costs of the British builder are now
much greater than they need be, by Tea
son of tho restrictive action of the trade
unions especially the two leading unions
In the industry the Boilermakers' and
Iron Shipbuilders' Society and the Amal
gamated Society of Engineers. It Is true
that amicable working arrangements exist
between the employers and both these
unions, and that since tho great strike
of 1897-SS. work has gone on with un
wonted smoothness. Bnt the union regula
tions will not allow a maximum output
to be attained, nor the fullest results to
ba obtained out of machine tools. In the
case of the iron shipbuilders, the restric
tions, Irregular working, excessive wages
and unreasonable demands of tho men are
a constant cause of complaint and loss to
the shipbuilders; but, as it is said that the
union officials are sincerely desirous of re
forming the methods of their members, it
may be hoped that a change for the better
may be effected without such a struggle
as occurred with the engineers. What is
certain. Is that, without a complete revo
lution in tho labor conditions of her ship
yards. Great Britain will not be able to
retain her position as the premier ship
builder of the world.
Oar Vast ProdHCtlve Povrer.
Carroll D. Wright in Gunton's Magazine.
Mr. Hulhall has undertaken to calcu
late the energy or working powor of the
people of this country since 150. He re
duces these things to foot-tons, a foot
ton being a power sufficient to raise one
ton One foot In a day, and in this calcula
tion he finds that In 1S0 the energy of the
people of the United States was repre
sented by 17.31CO0O foot-tons daily, or 1020
foot-ton per inhabitant; In 1S50, S9.005.000
foot-tons, or 1240 foot-tons per Inhabitant,
and in 195. 128,709.000 foot-tons, ISM foot
va per Inhabitant. This shows that the
collective power of our population has
more than trebled s.lnce 1S60, steam power
having multiplied five fold In the 35 years
of his calculation; the strength being
shown approximately In horse-power of
steam, In 1S55, Including fixed engines, lo
comotives and engines used on steam
boats, at 16.940.000, or 240 horse-power per
1000 of the population. Two hundred and
forty horse-power represents the energy
of 1452 men supplemental to each 1000. Ac
cording to Mr. Mulhall. this energy Is
more than double the European average,
so that It may be said that 70,000.000 of
Americans represent as much working
power as 150,000,000 of Europeans.
The Income of a Jfeval Officer.
Woman's Home Companion.
On about tho salary of a young clerk an
ensign of our Navy must dTess well, his
wife and children must; they must live In
a presentable part of any city; the children
must be educated, and well, somehow.
Tho very nomadism of their lives Is a
great source of expense, and there Is no
escape from unpaid bills, no living on
from year to year in debt, as do a recog
nizable number of peopla In civil life;
for a tradesman has but to send his au
thenticated bill to the Navy Department
I and the delinquent will be curtly reminded
of It through official channels; resulting
In a court-martial If his shortcoming la
so often repeated as to bo "unbecoming
to an officer and a gentleman." But even
all this sordid counting of dollars and
debts seldom succeeds in subduing, cer
tainly not In breaking, the spirit of peo
ple naval. "Everybody knows what every
body has," and this fact at once lifts orf
a social burden which is responsible for
half tho misery of poverty of the "gen
teel" degree. Then, to, to have even a
little, if that llttlo comes regularly and
with absolute certainty. Is a rest In a
country where leisure Is atill looked at
askance. In return, however, an officer
gives up his whole life, very often smoth
ers his talents and ambitions, and is "on
guard" every hour of his existence. Poliu recently been slaves of the white minor
SST L JJSSf " we the sons of those who had
must always be for the Government and
remain discreetly silent in a land given
over to "oratory" and In a time of ex
treme individualism of opinion.
John Bnnynn and Henry Romeike.
Critc
The office of R. H. Russell was thrown
into excitement the other day by the re
ceipt of a letter addressed to John Bun-
yan. Esq.. In Mr. Russell's care. At first
there was some hesitation about opening
the letter, but after consultation It was
ucciuea lO uieao. uic ocm "'" iaw..,
,- , ,ll 1 nM
lor, ewic unc aMoj,, ......
. JIJt t AS Yaw AAMldAMft A
have been addressed by an accident to
Mr. Bunyan, the letter Inside might be
intended for Mr. RusselL But no; in
stead it bore the Inscription "John Bun
yan. Esq., care Mr. R. H. Russell, -3 W.
23th St, City," and reed as follows:
"Will you not give me an order to send
you all the reviews and notices which are
now appearing about your new book? My
Press Clipping Bureau, wnicn reaas every
n,nr of imnartane. nublishd hi the
United States, and through Its European
Agencies all the leading papers published
in Europe, could send you day by day
every newspaper article "which appears
My business Is acknowledged to be tho
most complete and reliable Press Cut-
ting Bureau In the world, and If you
give me an order, I am sure you will And
my services satisfactory. I remain, yours
faithfully, HENRY ROMEIKE."
Enclosed in the envelope was a clipping
from the Denver Republican, on "Tho
Llfo of Mr. Badman." by John Bunyan,
and referring also to the same author's
"Pilgrim's Progress." Perhaps Mr. Rom-
elke did not read the rest, and underscor
ing the namo of the author, wrote a letter
calling his attention to the clipping, and
soliciting his patronage. I doubt, even
wero John Bunyan alive at tnls day. he
would patronize a press-clipping bureau
He wrote because he had something to
say, and not because he wanted to know
what people thought about It after he had
said it.
"VTolnnn'a Vocation.
Carmen Sylva la North American Review.
With woman'a nimble fingers
Awake life's beauty everywhere;
Thlacs small and unregarded
Beneath thy touch shall change to fair.
With woman's tender insight
Unsijoken eorrow understand:
The watcher's achlne forehead.
Shall yield unto thr cooling hand.
"With woman's noble purity
Be as the cnorsv-whlta lilies are;
Their glowing heart shall beckon
And be the wanderer's guUUcg star.
With woman's strength eternal.
Thy life, for other? freely given.
Shall shine afar, translucent.
Clear as the crystal gate of heaven.
I M .ifSkk fill iff" ONDEP THE r.SEAT ARCR
Si "'qrTpP 'fff-fo rf1lMr j ift&aL Vv as-' M0NUMENTAI; CATE. 3
l'fi' fall ?( Sri? !SSL &$ fn,:s concords.) 6
THE SOUTHERX QrBSTIOX.
Views of Ed ward P. Clark ,in Inter
.national Monthly.
"At bottom this has always been a
question of the relations between two
races of different colors, which occupy
a large portion of the country. During
the past thirty years, It has become a
question of the relations between whites
and blacks.when both nominally enjoy
equal rights in the government, and when i mora reckless were ready for violence
one'' state has a majority of whites, while against 'the Paddies. Numerous schemes
three-fifths of its neighbor's population "were proposed to meet the evil from burn
may bo black; when. too. such a black g convents to amending the ConsUtution
majority of men entitled to vote had either
been in servitude.
Kft siirh nmhtiim tm ovav .pfira fcoon
presented In the history of the world.
. . . . . .i
There has never been an Instance where
the two races have thus lived under a J
demoeratlct form of government, in which J
every roan was given the suffrage."
The account of the origin and workings J
of the "Mississippi plan" Is described from
AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION.
an unbiased standpoint, and should be
read widely In the North.
"In due course of time, a case involving
tho constitutionality of the new Mlssis-
, . !.,.. ,., rt.
"'" i"a" r"" -": .c .. ..
bunal. The Issue was presented in tno
... . i-m
clearest possible manner, una supreme
Court of the stato, In passing upon the
question on Its way from the local court
to the final authority, had expressly said
Ua 4Vt s rvkAn 1 sr TVilV 'fvomOl ttltl
r.mi ltort '-t flM f
pedicnts to oDstruct the exercise of suf-
frage by the Negro race making tho
migratory habits and thriftless nature of
I the blacks operate to disqualify them. But
the State Court maintained that, so long
! , tfc.r. nn rifen-fminflMnn in trm
against any race, the fact that the expe
dients employed might work almost ex
clusively against one race, did not make
It a violation of the Federal Constitution.
I The Supreme Court of the United States
quoted this reasoning only to endorse It.
and sustained the Mississippi Constitu
tion as not In conflict with the fifteenth
amendment. As for the condition by
which Congress, thirty years aro. at
tempted to restrict the freedom of certain
states to change their fundament law.
it falls of Its own weight. All states in
' the Union must have equal rights In this
respect, as In every other.
"Few blacks vote in Mississippi, It Is
true, but few whites vote, either. The
whites generally refrain from voting bo-
. cause iney uo not leei inierei enuugn
( in the elections to register, pay their taxes!
ana go to tne pons, ine same motives ac-
count for much of the black indifference. ha3 ncver -en a time when she did not
Few negroes care enough about casting coraman3 m unmistakable terms that
a ballot to pay two dollars for the priv- tROse who desired to become shepherds of
liege, or to refrain from moving Into an- j, flocIc should deny the flesh and give,
other, county just before election day. themselves up to the higher life of self
if tho fancy strikes them, at the loss of abnegation and sacrifice. There have been
a voting residence. Even of those who times when, owing to the hardness of
can pass the educational test, a large pro- heart and the perversity of human na
portlon have concluded that tor tho pres- ture, she has been obliged to tolerate the
eht neither they nor their race can gain marriage of portions of her priesthood
anything by exercising the suffrage. Tho m certain countries and under certain
Supreme Court has sustained the lawful- conditions; but she has always done this
ness of such restrictions upon voting as unwillingly, and for the sole reason that
the Mississippi Constitution Imposes, and It it would prevent greater evils. Tho life
would be Impossible to show that the re- 0f chastity led by the great Teacher of
strlcted right to vote thus allowed Is de- : Mankind was the. life which the Church
nled to any considerable number of blacks ; ordained from the beginning as a suitable
as blacks. j one for her pastors. 'The earliest succesa-
"The problem presented In the middle of j ors, of St. Peter recommended the ex
thls century by the flood of foreign Im- ample of John, tha beloved disciple who
migration in the North for this move- i so closely resembled his master. Of the
ment was confined to the North was. In- 12 whom Christ called, only Peter was a
deed, novel and serious. Previously the
population had been homogeneous; Its
standards were essentially the same. Sud
denly there was plumped Into all of the
I large cities a great mass of people, of a
different race, a different religion, and a
different education. The existing Institu
tions had not been framed for such an
emergency. Many thoughtful persons
doubted whether our system of. govern
ment could be maintained In a eity where
tho class of voters should become a large,
and perhaps a controlling element. The
lu tnuici, aim uvea tuiuusi i'
hlblt. the exercise of the suffrage by men
who had been born abroad.
"The problem presented half a century
ago has not yet been solved. Boston still
suffers from the load of Ignorance, pov-
? L1! a fEIgn
ticn, coming now from all countries of
Europo weU from Ireiand. ha9
dumped upon it. New York. Chicago, and
many other large cities suffer In the same
way. All sorts of experiments have been
tried. One thing, and one only, has been
determined. This Is, that outsiders could
not settle the question. The foreign cle
ment has been confined to the North; ex
cept for German colonies In Texas,
hardly an Immigrant settled between the
Potomac and tho Rio Grande. The people
of the South were interested In this new
problem, but they could not deal with it
wisely, from the very nature of the
case. For them, it was a matter of theory,
of speculation, of academic discussion. To
the people of the North, on the other
. hand. It was a present fact, an actual sit
"atton. They understood, or at least they
oouW study on the spot Its various and
conflicting Ingredients The wisest states.
man o ne o n u - --
"" " "-" ."" r .;' a .JV" . ,
less fitted to deal with a thing so remote
from his dafly experience than the aver
age citizen of the North, who had It con
stantly under his eye. A solution framed
in tho South which was offensive to the
, Nrtn wou'a, "V. r. " ".f
' r lo"? endured if thrust upon It against
North would never have Deen accepted
its will.
"The North, apparently, has at last
learned the same lesson regarding tha ne
gro problem at the South."
"Wltr Priests Do 'ot 3tarnr.
Monslgnor Martlnelll In Harper's Bazar.
Celibacy has b?en an Immemorial custom
of the priests and bishops of the Catho
lic Church, dating back to the time of
the Apostles. Taking the words of. our
TiT.rm T.ivrf "Thri am eunlehs who have
made themselves eunlchs for the kingdom
nf hKlTa.s savc: he that can receive It-
,et nlm receIve it," the Church has en-
. f .,, -ellbacv on her ministers. There
, married man. Tradition tells us that, not-
withstanding, St. Peter followed the high
er life. There have been but few pontiffs
who have not legislated upon this subject.
The most recent and Important utterance
was made by Plus IX at the time of the
Vatican council, when he stated In unmis
takable terms that the celibate rule had
alwaj-5 been commanded by the Holy Ro
man Catholic Church from the beginning.
The early church fathers record many In
stances of supreme law on the subject,
and testify that It -was universally com
manded and taught. If not always univer
sally obeyed.
Since the rumor concerning the permis
sion extended to the South American
priests to break the. law of celibacy. It has
frequently been said that the Pope had no
power to rescind this established order
that it would require a council of the
church. This is another error growing
out ef a misconception of the discipline
which prevails. Leo XIII has the same
power to withdraw this order that Greg
ory VII had to issue it. Nothing, how
ever, is more unlikely. The South Ameri
can priests do not desire and have never
petitioned, for such a dispensation.
Through the prelates which direct them
they sent their wishes to Rome last spring.
A council was held in the Vatican and
there It was decided to take measures to
reinforce all the disciplinary regulations
which have made the Roman Catholic
priesthood such a power for good. It Is
safe to predict that should Leo XIII Issue
such . radical order, not one In 10,000 of
the Catholic priesthood would take advan
tage of this permission.
Slow Growth of Scientific Ideas.
Appleton's Popular Science Monthly.
The history of the progress of the hu
man mind shows, further, that the pure
and simple acceptance of a scientific dls1
covery is not enough to make it produce all
the consequences we have a right to ex
pect from It. It must, further, Impreg
nating the mind with Itself, pass, we
might say, Into the condition of an Innate
Idea. Chemistry, in this very matter of
the discovery of the weight of the air and
of the gases, presents a striking example
of the accuracy of our proposition. The
ponderability of the air nad been accepted
by physicists for a long time, while chem
ists continued to take no account of It.
although, as Mendeleef has remarked, no
exact Idea could be conceived, under such
conditions, concerning most chemical phe
nomena. It Is to the glory of Lavoisier
that he first took account of this ponder
ability and of that of all the gases as
well. When we reflect that It was not
till about 1775, or 150 years after Galileo,
that this Illustrious Frenchman began to
set forth those Ideas, It Is not any wonder
that the discovery of aerostats was not
made till toward the end of the ISth cen
tury. Lalando was therefore much In the
wrong when he said 'It was so simple!
Why was It not done before?"
It would not be just, however, to refer
to the discovery of aerostats solely to the
efforts of the Montgolfiers. Like all in
ventors, like Lavoisier himself, these
brothers, as FIguler has remarked, had
the benefit of a long series of Isolated la
bors, carried on often without special pur
pose, by which the elements of their In
vention had been gathered up.
The Great EnJcrma.
Cardinal Newman.
I look out of myself Into the world of
men, and there I see a sight which fills
me with unspeakable distress. The world
seems-slmply to give the He to that great
truth, of which my whole being: Is so full,
and the effect upon me is, in consequence,
as a matter of necessity, as confusing as
If It denied that I am In existence myself.
... To consider the world In Its length
and breadth. Its various his.tory, the many I
races of men, their starts, their fortunes,
their mental alienations, their conflicts;
and then their ways, habits, governments,
forms of worship; their enterprises, their
aimless courses, their random achieve
ments and acquirements, the impotent
conclusion of long-standing facts, the to
kens so faint and broken of a superintend
ing design, the blind evolution of what
turn out to be great powers or truths, the
progress of things, as If from unreason
ing, elements, not toward final causes, the
greatness and littleness of man, his far
reaching alms, his short duration, the
curtain hung over the futurity, the dis
appointments of life, the defeat of good,
the success of evil, physical pain, mental
anguish, the prevalence and Intensity of
sin, the pervading Idolatries, the corrup
tions, the dreary, hopeless Irrellglon, that
condition of the whole race so fearfully
yet exactly described In the Apostle's
words, "having no hope, and without God
In tho world" all this Is a vision to dizzy
and appal, and Inflicts upon the mind the
sense of a profound mystery, which Is ab
solutely beyond human solution.
Stevenson's Description of His Wife.
Critic
A half-caste salloronce said: "Mr. Ste
venson is good to me like my father, and
his wife Is the same kind of man." King
Temblnoke said of Mrs.. Stevenson: "She
good; look pretty; plenty chench" (sense),
perhaps they both meant what the poet
Edmund Gosse'so well expressed when he
wrote of her as being "so dark and rich
hearted, like some wonderful wine-red
jewel." But tho best tribute in her praise
came from the pen of her husband:
Trusty, dusky, vivid, true,
"With, eyes of gold and bramble dew.
Steel true and blade straight.
The great Artificer
Made my mate.
Honor, anger, valor. Are;
A love that life could, never tire.
Death quench, or evil stir.
The mighty Master
Gave to her.
Tracher, tender comrade, wife.
A fellow-farer true through life.
Heart-whole and soul-free.
The augcet Father
Gave to me.
The Debt of Praise.
Sir Thomas Browne.
Since virtuous, actions have their own
trumpets, and without any noise from
thyself will have ther resound abroad,
busy not thy best member in the encom
ium, of thyself. Praise Is- a debt we owe
unto the virtue of others, and due unto
our own from all, whom malice hath not
made mutes or envy struck dumb. Fall
not, however, into the common prevaricat
ing way of self commendation and boast
ing, by denoting the Imperfections of oth
ers. He who dlscommendeth others
obliquely commendeth himself. . . . Su
perfluously "we seek a precarious applause
abroad; every good man hath his plaudite
within himself; and'tbough his tongue be
silent, is not without loud cymbals In his
breast. Conscience will become his pane
gyrist, and never forget to crown and
extol him unto himself.
An Empty Xest.
Margaret E. SanKster In IjenUe's Monthly.
Never a sign. In this empty nest
Of the love that mated, the love that sung.
Tba birds are flown to the East and West,
And the busk of their homatead has no
tongue
To tell of the sweet, still summer eves.
Of thi sweeter, merrier summer days;
Only a neat In the falling leaves.
And silence here- In the wood's dark maze.
But I hold In my- hand the dainty thing,
Wovea of feather and miff and reed.
Once t?a8 the haven of breast and wing;
And the shelter of callow and helpless need.
It telle of a. passionate gladness gone;
It dumbly whlsirt that love 13 best;
That never a night but has. had. a, dawiw
Aad I drop a kin in the empty nest.
CHARLES A. DAXA, HEAD WAITER.
Mrs. Sedjnvlck's Memories of Her
Pleasant Time nt.BrooJc Farm.
Mrs. Sedgwick la March Atlantic
As I remember our meals at Brook
farm, they were most delightful times
for talk, humor, wit and the Interchange
of pleasant nonsense. When our one
table had grown Into three. Charles A.
Dana, who must have been a very or
derly young man, organized a corps of
waiters from among our nicest young
people, whose meals were kept hot for
them, and they In their turn were wait
ed on by those whom they had served.
I" recollect seeing Mr. Dana reading a
small Greek book between the courses,
though he was a faithful waiter. I re
member the table talk as most delightful
and profitable to me. Looking back over
a long and varied life. I think that I have
rarely, If ever, since sat down with so
many men and women of culture, so
thoroughly unselfish, polite and kind to
one another, as I found at those plain
but attractive tables. All seemed at rest
and at their best. There was no-- man,
tired with the stock market and his ef
forts to make or Increase a big fortune,
coming home harassed or depressed, too
cross or disappointed to talk. There was
no woman vying with others In French
gowns, laces and diamonds. The fact
that all felt that they were honored for
themselves alone brought out more indi
viduality In each, so that I have often
said that I have never seen any other
set of people where each individual
seemed to possess some peculiar charm.
I do not recollent Hawthorne's talking
much at the table. Indeed, he was a very
taciturn man. One day, tired of seeing
him sitting Immovable on the sofa in the
hall, as I was learning some verses to re
cite at the evening class for recitation
formed by Charles A. Dana, I daringly
took my book, pushed it into hl3 hands
and said: "Will you hear my poetry, Mr.
Hawthorne." He gave me a sidelong
glance from his very shy eyes, took the
book and most kindly heard me. After
that he was on the sofa every week to
hear me recite.
He was one evening alone In the hall,
sitting on a chair at the farther end, when
my roommate, Ellen Slade, and myself
were going upstairs. She whispered to
me, "Let's throw the sofa pillows at Mr.
Hawthorne." Reaching over the banister
we each took a sofa pillow and threw It.
Quick as a flash he put out his hand,
seized a broom that was hanging near
him. warded off our cushions and threw
them back with sure aim. As fast a,s we
could throw them at him he returned
them, with effect, hitting us every time,
while we could hit only the broom. He
must have been very quick In his move
ments. Through It all not a word was
spoken. We laughed and laughed and
his eyes shone and twinkled like stars
with laughter. Wonderful eyes they were,
and when anything witty- was said I al
ways looked quickly at Mr. Hawthorne;
for his dark eyes lighted up as If flames
were suddenly kindled behind them and
then the smile came down to his lips.
We laughed merrily and went off to bed,
vanquished, without a word. I suppose
Mr. Hawthorne's face must have worn
that wonderful smile, which always
seemed suddenly kindled behind bis eyes,
twinkled there for a second and then ran
swiftly over his intensely grave face.
George P. Bradford and Mr. Hawthorne
had the care and milking of the cow? on
the farm, but not to the exclusion of other
less Arcadian labors., as la evident from
the American Note Books. Mr. Haw
thorne seemed to have had a rather ten
der feeling for his bovine charges, ex
pressing forcibly in "BUthedale Romance"
his indignation at their "cold reception"
of him on his return from an absence of
several weeks. I remember distinctly the
names of two cows. Daisy and Dolly, from
the fact that Messrs. Hawthorne and
Bradford were particular always to as
sign to these cows adjoining stalls In the
barn at night, because they fancied they
detected signs of special attachment be
tteen them In the pasture. I recollect
also Mr. Bradford's often begging me to
stop at the gate through which the long
line of cows- came at evening and watch
the varying and interesting expressions
of their faces.
The pigs, too, came in for a share of
Mr. Hawthorne's attention. When, In tin
following Winter, the Brook farmers, as a
delicate attention, sent a yparerlb to Mrs.
George S. , with whom he was then
staying in Boston, thinking to please him,
he raised his hands in horror and ex
claimed that he would as soon think of a
sculptor's eating a piece of one of his own
statues 1
Will Japan Fisht Russia T
Review of Reviews.
There Is no particular danger of a war
between Russia and England, but close
observers are of the opinion that Japan
and Russia may come to blows at almost
any moment. Reports have emanated
from Russia to the effect that a good un
derstanding has been reached with the
Japanese, but these reports must be re
ceived with some skepticism. For several
years the Japanese have regarded a war
with Russia as inevitable, and they pre
fer to have it before the Trans-Siberian
Railway Is finished and while Japan's
naval strength Is decidedly superior to
that of Russia In the Pacific. The Jap
anese consider themselves rightly entitled
,to Port Arthur and they aspire to domi
nate Korea. Thair Influence is now very
great at Pekin. They have known how
to play upon the reactionary and anti
European sentiments of the Dowager Em
Dress of China, and it is supposed that
.they are largely responsible for that lady's
Tecent policy. It Is expected tnat Jap
anese officers will reorganize the Chinese
Army on a modern footing1, and that a
firm alliance will be established between
these two kindred empires. That It will be
the .policy of this alliance to cultivate
the friendship of England and the United.
States, while opposing the Asiatic- en
croachments of Russia, can readily be
believed. In short, a movement by Japan
against Russia at this time, when tha
Muscovites want quiet In that quarter in
order to make bold gains elsewhere,
would be thought to point directly to a
close understanding between England and
Japan, if not an actual alliance.
Has Manuscript or "America."
CLINTON, la. S. F. Smith, former
mayor of Davenport, and, a son of Samuel
S. Smith, the author of "America." re
cently addressed the students of the Port
Byron, HI., academy. Following the ad
dress, which, was of a patriotic nature.
"America" was sung, and then Mr. Smith
told how the song was written. He said:
"It was composed by my father Tvhlle a
student in Andover Theological Seminary.
It was composed in half an hour late one
dark afternoon, and was written on throe
llttlo scraps of paper, as my father stood
near the window to catch the- falling
light." The pieces of paper on which tho
song was written, were produced by Mr.
Smith, and were shown the students, who
took great pleasure it noldlng in their
hands the original copy of our National
ong. Mr. Smith said he had been offered
as much as JSOOO for these pieces of pa
per, but the offer was refused. He also
stated that it is the intention of the family
to ultimately give the manuscript to Har
vard College, where the author was a
member of the famous class of 1S29', of
I which Oliver Wendell Holmes was also a
member.