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A THEORY EXAMINED.
The anarchist starting in one direc
tion, and the socialist in another and
opposite one, meet nevertheless as ex
tremes so often do, on common ground.
This common ground was stated by an
anarchist lecturer on Friday night. He
Bald that labor produces all the wealth,
pays all the interest and all the taxes,
nd yet receives only a small part of
the product. The whole system there
fore was wrong. Labor was entitled to
the whole product; and by labor he
meant the physioal energy employed
in the processes of production. The as
sumption is without foundation. Labor
Is an essential factor, but not all.
The many can do little in the domain
of industry without the superior facul
ties of the few to organize and direct
their labor. The first condition of suc
cess in any great industrial undertak
ing is that the many shall be techni
cally directed by the few. Socialists
contend that the source of all indus
trial power is in the general mass or
body of the people. Here indeed is the
source of certain powers, or rather the
masses possess certain powers; but the
employing classes contribute to the pro
cesses of production not less than the
employed. In every sense they con
tribute as truly, and in certain senses
they contribute incalculably more. And
they contribute not primarily because
tbey possess capital, but because as a
class they possess exceptional facul
tiesor they would net be employers
of which the capital possessed by them
Is at once the creation and the instru
ment. There Is much talk about the "eman
cipation" and the "economic freedom"
of labor, or the laborer. Such phrases,
If they have any meaning at all, can
mean only one thing the emancipation
of the average man, endowed with av
erage capacities, from the control, from
the guidance, or, In other words, from
the help of any man or men whose ca
pacities are above the average, whose
speculative abilities are exceptionally
keen, whose Inventive abilities are ex
ceptionally great, whose judgments are
exceptionally sound, whose powers of
will, enterpris and initiative are ex
ceptionally strong. That is to say, fur
ther, such phrases, if they have any
meaning at all, mean the deliberate re
jection and loss, by the less efficient
majority of mankind, of any advantage
that might come to it from the powers
of the more efficient minority. This is
Just what the world never could af
ford, for the human race progresses
because and when the strongest human
povers and the highest human facul
ties lead it. Such powers and such fac
u ties are monopolized by a minority
cf exceptional men; those men enable
the majority to progress only on the
condition that the majority submit
therr selves to their direction, or accept
their leadership; and if the proposed
'emancipation" could be made com
plete and nobody were left but those
hom the socialist agitator calls work
en? these workers would be practically
he pless, until a new minority had been
e t ed to take the leadership, and
things could go on as before.
It is evident that the triuiTh3 of
the ught, enterprise and Inve: II on to
which social progress is due neer
vould have been made had the whole
of each generation been as inefficient as
Its average or ordinary members. The
chief impulse of progress must come
from those whose powers are superior
to the average, and the masses of the
human race instinctively and neces
sarily fall under the leadership or di
rection of those who In originality, will
and intellect are superior to the rest.
This is the force that your socialist and
your anarchist wish to eliminate. But
human society needs and must always
hae the guidance of its superior men.
Progress and maintenance of industrial
' ctwuzation depend on the Industrial
actions of average men being directed,
and to an extent controlled, by excep
tional men. Heace those who are called
"the workers" are not entitled to the
Wru le product. They are, of course, en
titled to very much the larger share,
and get it, for the aggregate that comes
to the captains of Industry Is little, in
deed, in comparison with the aggregate
that comes to the mass of the workers,
1'ndoubtedly there are abuses, under
v oieh the captains and exploiters get
tec much, and make accumulations
that exceed the proper modesty of any
private fortune; but in these cases it
Till be found always that some special
ad antage, or privilege, such as protec
ts e tariff, railroad rebates or govern
ment subsidies, has been the main fac
tor Here is the true object upon which
reform should be directed. The men
who own and direct the operation of
cur great Industrial establishments are
not the competitors of the workers.
Be ween the owners and the workers
there is no rivalry. The real rivalry
is the struggle of the owners and em
pJcvers for domination or existence, as
between themselves or against each
other This rivalry many are trying to
reduce or set aside through the trust
Bow far the tntst may succeed, or to
what extent checks may be Imposed
vrn It. either by legislation or eco
Ltrak law, remains one of the problems
of the times. But the forces are at
work that will bring it to a solution.
GBATE CASE OF
EIGNER.
THE FOR-
The complaint that foreigners work
ing here send large sums of money
back to Europe for support of relatives
there has an apparent basis of eco
nomic justification, but may easily be
carried to the untenable extreme. Two
things must be said in favor of the de
fendant: First Somebody must hire these poor
Irish servant girls and plodding section
hands if they have earnings enough and
to spare. It is fair -to assume also that
they are doing work that Toung Amer
ica will not do because he feels himself
above it. From this It is only a step
to the conclusion that these useful
servants of society have in every case
rendered value received for their pay.
Perhaps it is true that the only interest
they have In this country is what they
can make in It, but 13 it not quite as
true that the only interest usually
manifested in them Is what work can
be got out of them? "We do not ask
their advice or opinion as to what use
wo make of their services; Is it incum
bent upon us, then, to censure or con
trol the use they make of their earn
ings? The other thing to be said in defense
of the practice of sending earnings, es
timated at hundreds of thousands if
not millions, home to Europe, is some
thing more in the way of sentiment
than of economics, and yet not without
bearing on the comfort and permanence
of society. If the immigrant girl or
boy, thousands of miles away from
home, is mindful enough of the absent
family, and true enough to filial duty,
to save from slender earnings some
thing to send back against need, is this
the sort of loyalty that America, of all
lands, should carp at and abuse? In
stead of the paltry dollars the econo
mist views with such concern, let us
think for a moment of the anxious
hearts across the sea, fondly waiting
to hear from the son or daughter in
America, stoutly trusting in the filial
love that will remember and cherish
them. The money that you spare with
out serious inconvenience to the "help"
at the office or in the kitchen, may shed
a world of light and joy on some High
land cotter's Saturday night, or in some
humble, vine-clad dwelling along
Heine's Rhelnstrom, or in some straw
thatched cottage of Dr. Goldsmith's
Ireland
"What Is it that Is ruining this coun
try today, gentlemen? "Well, it is one
thing one day, and something else an
other. If it isn't tariff or free trade,
the gold standard or 16 to 1, it must be
the foreigners these dreadful foreign
ers who are sending out of the country
every year so many dollars or money
orders, and think more of the old folks
at home than they do of their foreman
or the lady in the parlor, and maybe
would die before they let their parents
starve or lose faith in the absent child,
or husband, or sweetheart. Ah, gentle
men, but money is not the only thing in
the world, or the best thing. A man
may have a great deal of that, and be
very poor In all that makes life worth
holding on to. Few things we get in
exchange for money are not worth
more to us than the coin we part with.
If the Irish girl will send her earnings
back to Ireland, and stay here to nurse
the children we are too busy to attend
to, and do the household work for
whioh we have lost Inclination, espe
cially if she will bring up sons that
Rill cherish their parents and love the
truth, future generations shall rise up
and call her blessed. And the obliga
tion will be all on our side.
EMERSON AND ARNOLD.
The publication of a new life of
Matthew Arnold recalls the fact that
Arnold excited the Indignation of the
admirers of Emerson when in one of
his lectures he said that Emerson as a
prose essayist or philosopher did not
seem to him In any superior sense a
man of genius or originality, but that in
his judgment his poetry was his best
work, and bore the stamp of genius.
Time in our judgment has justified Ar
nold's critical estimate of Emerson.
His permanent place In American lit
erature is that of a poet, rather than
of a great essayist or thinker of origin
ality and power. Hawthorne, measured
by the power, beauty and originality
of his work, Btands at the top of Amer
ican literature, and there Is no near
second. Englishmen confess that they
find in Hawthorne no echo of Europe; i
in literary style, in philosophy, in its
whole atmosphere, "The Scarlet Letter"
is buI generis, and is cast in such noble
literary form the leaders of English
literature confess that Hawthorne is
the one American who has written one
of the great, immortal books of the
world. Matthew Arnold, with blunt
English frankness, said in substance
that, while he loved and admired Em
erson, he could not place Emerson so
high as a striking and original force in
literature as Hawthorne. Arnold was
right in rating Emerson high as a poet,
and comparatively commonplace as a
philosopher. He was a man of moral
genius rather than a philosopher in any
exact sense.
Emerson and his early apostles
preached from various pulpits the
philosophy of the application of the
shining light of heaven-born Idealities
to the sweet conduct of common life.
There was nothing remarkable In the
discovery and apprehension of this so
called philosophy. It had been appre
hended and announced by Channlng in
the last twenty years of his life so elo
quently that he was loved and rever
enced as a dear spiritual "man and
brother" by the Roman Catholic clergy
of Boston, who did not forget Chan
nlngs unsparing denunciation of the
"orthodox" mob that burned a Catholic
orphan asylum at Charlestown at the
instigation of a few frantic fanatical
preachers. Emerson sat at Channlng's
feet, and his so-called philosophy was
but the Irrepressible evolution of a
higher and nobler faith than that of his
fathers. To use Emerson's own figure,
"the worm gradually mounts through
all tho spires of form," and Emerson
was not so much a man of surpassing
literary genius or philosophical genius
as he was a man of rare moral courage,
who uttered boldly in a fine but keen
and penetrating voice what Channing
spoke in angelic whispers, and lesser
preachers muttered in hesitating tones.
The BO-called philosophy of Emerson
was the natural, Inevitable reaction
from that Puritan asceticism in the
pulpit whose complement is always the
gross materialism of solemn, smug re
spectability in the pews. It did not re
quire high genius to apprehend or ex
pound it, but it did require high moral
courage to announce it, stand, by your
message, flying it always gallantly as
your colors from your mast.
As a literary genius or an original
thinker in prose, Emerson is far below
the level of Hawthorne, but Arnold ac
curately measured his quality when he
said that he was gifted with a fine com
mand of poetic expression. Emerson,
if he had not been a preacher of ethics,
and many of his lay sermons were
written as mere "pot boilers," would
have been probably our greatest Amer
ican poet. He was often careless or in
different to the metrical perfection of
the form of his verse, but, measured
not by Its melody, but by its high and
original power of poetic imagination,
Emerson Is our finest American poet.
He was built for a poet, not for a phil
osopher; his poetic genius is all that
makes his philosophy permanently
charming to an intelligent, thoughtful
man. His poetic genius irradiates his
prose style, and but for this, much of
his so-called "essays" and philosophy
would be to a well-read man nothing
but moral platitudes and the merest
truisms of worldly wisdom. He was a
man with the moral purpose and as
piration of a preaoher married to a fine
poetic imagination, and to a fine sense
of humor, who grew up In an atmos
phere where there was more elbow
room for moral and Intellectual inde
pendence than there was in 1835 In Eng
land. Take away Emerson's fine sense.
of humor; educate him at Oxford; sur
round him from the cradle to the grave
with tho insular civilization of caste
and class, of social and political tradi
tions that -sixty years ago wrapped
England in a London fog of hereditary
self-adulation, and you would have
Matthew Arnold; vice versa, Arnold,
born, bred in the atmosphere of New
England, would have made an Emer
son, for Emerson was no more violent
departure from the teachings of Chan
ning than Matthew Arnold was from
the orthodox quality of his great father,
Dr. Arnold, of Rugby.
In the past Emerson's prose, his "es
says," so-called, have been popular, but
the day will come, if it has not already
arrived, when his prose will not have
as many readers as his poetry. Arnold
was right when he said that Emerson
had written the best poetry that had
been produoed in America, Emerson's
permanent fame lies with his poetry
rather than with his so-called "essays"
and prose meditations. Emerson rated
himself as a born poet rather than
preacher or teacher. He wrote his
"lectures" to keep the wolf from
scratching the paint off the door of his
Concord cottage, but his poems were
labors of love and the expression of his
natural genius. The philosophy of Ar
nold was really the philosophy of Em
erson, but, lacking Emerson's fine sense
of humor, Arnold was Emerson turned
Anglo-maniac; he was Emerson edu
cated in an atmosphere of insular ego
tism, of snobbish, pedantic culture, and,
worse than all, of pessimlstio philoso
phy that always wraps like a hospital
robe the sick body of an old and cyni
cal literature.
UNIVERSITY EXTENSION IN AGRI
CULTURE. The government has undertaken In
and through the work of the depart
ment of agriculture, a plan of univer
sity extension that is definite, purpose
ful and far-reaching. The magnitude
of this endeavor Is seen in the wide
and free dissemination of information
upon all subjects pertaining to the de
velopment of a diversified agriculture.
In this interest experiment stations, as
departments of universities and col
leges, largely endowed by national
grants and money, have been estab
lished in every state and territory, in
cluding Alaska and Hawaii, there be
ing fifty-six of these now in opera
tion. They are in the main simply re
search departments of the institutions
to which they are attached, the Inves
tigations of which are confined to agri
cultural subjects. The magnitude of'
the work done through these stations
may be estimated from the fact that
the reports of their own investigations
and of other related information which
they furnish annually, are Bet out in
over 400 different publications. These
are sown broadcast through the mails
under franks, half a million copies be
ing mailed to as many different ad
dresses. "Nowhere else in the world,"
says a writer in the Forum, "is there
any university extension work which
can at all compare with that which is
carried on through the publications of
the department of agriculture and the
experiment stations."
The annual output of department
publications is entirely distinct from
that of experiment stations. LaBt year
this output aggregated 500 different
documents, ranging all the way from
very elementary leaflets to elaborate re
ports on subjects of the highest scien
tific importance. These documents are,
with perhaps a few exceptions, given
freely to all applicants who show in
any way that they will be benefited by
them, and so wide is the distribution
that nearly 7,000,000 copies were sent
out last year. A year book of the de
partment, a bound volume of some 800
pages, Is also Issued, filled mainly with
popular articles on live agricultural
topics, profusely illustrated. The edi
tion of the year book is 500,000 copies.
That the government has undertaken
and is vigorously prosecuting an enor
mous task in the Interest of modern
agriculture cannot be doubted, after
the perusal of these facts and figures.
"Whether the farmer folk generally re
spond by an eager perusal of these pub
lications and the conscientious appli
cation to their work of the lessons and
suggestions w,hich they present, is, of
course, problematical. It is inevitable,
In this wide sowing, that many seeds
fall upon stony ground, but there is
evidence that enough take root in fer
tile soil to Justify the continuance and
constant extension of the effort.
There is a manifest tendency to what
in common parlance Is called "over
doing the thing" in this effort, that is
distinctively American. This element
of lavishnes3 Is conceded by even the
most ardent friends of the movement,
who, however, excuse it upon the basis
of a growing demand, and of the ac
cepted principle of impartiality which
our institutions Indorse and to which
farmers are peculiarly sensitive. "When
we consider," says the writer to whom
reference has been made, "the vastness
of our agricultural regions and the va
riety and mass of our agricultural pop
ulation, the provision made for keeping
them informed regarding matters
vitally affecting their art does not seem
out of proportion to their require
ments." It might be suggested in reply
to this that Intelligent American citi
zens can and should find means to per
fect themselves in the arts of their vo
cation; that dependence upon the gov
ernment is not the highest duty of the
citizen, but that self-dependence is, in
stead, tho gauge of true American
manhood, and that personal responsi
bility is a virtue still worthy of culti
vation. However, since we have en
tered upon this scheme of university
extension in agriculture, we may rejoice
with its promoters that, "In variety of
subjects treated, in the wideness and
magnitude of its distribution of infor
mation, and in the substantial backing
of scientific investigation and general
accuracy of statement, this work of
the department of agriculture exceeds
by far any university extension soheme
yet devised."
GROWTH ON NATURAL LINES.
The Emperor William and most of the
German newspapers are now advocat
ing an increase in the German navy
on account of the Increase in the coun
try's commerce, and the growth of the
merchant fleet flying the German flag.
It has been but little more than a dec
ado since nearly all of the ships in Ger
many's trans-Atlantic service were
built in English yards. Now all this is
changed, and the German yards are
turning out the finest and fastest steam
ers afloat, and the rapid strides they
are making in this business is shown
in the figures for last year's business,
which credit the German ocean steam
fleet with a much greater gain pro
portionately than England's. The Kai
ser "Wilhelm der Grosse, the fastest
Bteamship in the world, and, with the
single exception of the Oceanic, the
largest steamship afloat, is a product of
a German yard, and all of her fittings
and machinery Are of German manu
facture. This rapid Increase in the merchant
marine of a power which a few years
ago was practically unknown in most
parts of the world, can hardly be said
to have been at the expense of the older
and greater sea power, Great Britain,
for while Germany has been increasing
her fleets, England has been doing the
same. New Industrial development all
over the world has given Germany op
portunities for embarking in ocean
traffic, similar to that which for a hun
dred years has been enriching England.
The Germans have in a very short
period of time become good sailors, and
have shown rare ability in handling
their vessels so as to make them yield
the greatest profits. "When England
discounted the future by selling nearly
all of her sailing ships and investing
in steam, Germany was the heaviest
purchaser, and for the past three years
the profits on these sailing vessels have
been very large. An article which re
cently appeared In the Brunswick
Landeszeltung in explanation of the
growing prestige of the new marine
power says:
This extraordinary increase in our commer
cial fleet has been produced only by the grow
ing interchange of German merchandise with
foreign countries. German commerce is making
steady conquests, in connection with its im
proving industry, In far latitudes, where for
merly the English and tho French had sole
control.
It is apparent from this that a mer
chant marine can be built up on strictly
business principles, without levying
tribute on the many for the benefit of
the few. Germany grants mall subsi
dies to some of the crack Atlantic lin
ers, and, like England, Is thus enabled
to have them In readiness for war pur
poses whenever called upon, but as for
her met chant marine, which is carrying
the German flag around the world, it
floats on its own bottom and pays divi
dends to the owners which last year
varied from 6 to 15 per cent on some of
the big lines, with small lines and indi
vidual vessels paying equally well.
America is now in much the same posi
tion, from a maritime standpoint, as
Germany was a few years ago. "We
can see the necessity for owning a big
merchant marine, and a few of our
patrlotio and sagacious citizens have
demonstrated that it can be operated at
a profit, if conducted on business prin
ciples, without the aid of subsidies.
The American merchant marine is
growing on these lines, and is growing
fast. Every shipyard in the country is
crowded with orders, and some of our
largest yardB are working on steamers
which, in size, speed and utility, will
rank well up with the best of those now
flying the flag of England or Germany.
The "growing Interchange of merchan
dise with foreign countries" will give,
the fleet now building plenty of work at
satisfactory rates, and the American
merchant marine will grow big and
powerful, Just as that of other coun
tries has grown, under careful manage
ment, in applying business principles to
the Industry, from the construction to
the actual operation of the ship.
THE DEATH PENALTY..
The orderly execution at Dallas, Fri
day, of a man whose guilt seemed
established beyond doubt, In the face of
strenuous effort on the part of his
friends to save his life, brings before us
again the problem of punishment for
murcter. The most enlightened civili
zation of the world, the most humane
civilization of the world, that of the
people of Great Britain and the United
States, still insist upon the death pen
alty for murder. Why? Because ex
perience has shown that there are
fewer murders where the death pen
alty is inflicted than where life impris
onment has been substituted. The
states in which the death penalty is
forbidden by law are Colorado, Rhode
Islaiid, Maine, Michigan and Wiscon
sin. It was once Abolished in Iowa, but
afterwards restored.
In Michigan, a strong effort was
made to return to the old way in
the legislature of 1897 and that of
1899. The advocates of the death
penalty in Michigan say that Its
absence there means the Inciting to
murder, .while those committing the
crime are pardoned a few years after
entering upon their term of life Im
prisonment. Michigan is obliged to
support an increased prison population
of -human tigers, for -whose support the
state is heavily taxed. A few years
ago a young drug clerk who murdered
hl3 own mother was sentenced to im
prisonment for life In Michigan. After
two or three years confinement this
matricide poisoned one of his jailers to
death, escaped, was recaptured and re
turned to prison. Had this matricide
been hanged, he" would have had no op
portunity to commit a. second murder.
There are two arguments of great
weight In favor of the death penalty
for murder. The first argument, which
Is unanswerable, Is that if you hang a
murderer he will never commit murder
again any more than a dead man-eating
tiger will ever again eat a man.
And unless you hang a murderer, so
ciety has no security against his bloody
hand, for statistics have shown that
the abuse of the pardoning power has
reduced the average term of llfe im
prisonment to confinement to only ten
or twelve years. Iu England, attempts
have been made In the house of com-
mons to abolish the death penalty, but
they have always been decisively de
feated. The law of capital punishment is very
kind and considerate. No man is in
the slightest danger of going to the
gallows unless it be shown that, with
cool, deliberate malice, he slew his vic
tim, either to rob him, as Magers did
Sink, or in execution of a cold-blooded,
deliberate act of vengeance. If a man
cuts his fellow's throat to rob him, or
kills him in cold blood because he hates
him, why should not that human tiger
hang? "Why should honest men be
taxed to support a state menagerie of
wild beasts sentenced to life imprison
ment? "Why, as a matter of human
justice, should not a cold-blooded, fero
cious cut-throat, who cruelly robs his
fellow man and family of his life and
property, be hanged and made to feel
some of the mental and physical an
guish he brutally inflicted on his vic
tim? "Whether these human sheep
killing dogs are sane or Insane, their
proper prison cell is the grave.
NO DIVORCES FOR INSANITY.
It Is not pleasant to have a matri
monial partner who is Insane, but, ac
cording to he customs and laws of the
land, Insanity is one of the things In
cluded within the scope of the contract
"for better or for worse" entered into
at the marriage altar. In other words,
the courts do not recognize insanity as
a justification for divorce. From time
to time we hear of legislatures being
Importuned to put insanity in the list
of statutory offenses that warrant di
vorce, but there is great aversion to
enacting such a law, and the efforts
fail. This aversion is rooted largely In
the sentiment that no onus of evil
doing, no Imputation of a violated oath,
should be put upon the helpless suffer
ers from the most unfortunate of hu
man afflictions.
The spouse whose partner suffers
from physical disability acquired after
marriage would not for a moment urge
such affliction as ground for divorce,
no matter how complete the disability
might be. Why should mental disabil
ity be any better justification for di
vorce? It was scarcely a generation
ago that either physical or mental in
capacity was recognized by English law
as cause for divorce, but the annulment
of that law is now regarded as one of
the marks of British advancement.
Under that law grave moral crimes
were sometimes committed in order
that legal forms might be observed,
and women were the chief sufferers.
When insanity became no longer legal
cause for divorce, the madhouse was
shorn of one of its abuses. That was a
step in the emancipation of women.
The case recently filed In Oregon City,
wherein a man petitions for divorce
from a wife who is confined in the Ore
gon asylum as "hopelessly demented
and Incurably insane," brings up this
question anew. It is not to be said
that such petition is wholly unreason
able, for the lot of a man or woman
bound Inseparably to an Insane part
ner Is not pleasant, and it is conceiva
ble that society might be the gainer by
the severance of such bonds in certain
cases. But the evils that would flow
from general recognition of insanity as
ground for divorce a vinculo would en
tirely overwelgh the good that might
come in particular cases. The general
good of society demands that post-nuptial
disability, whether of mind or body,
shall not serve as legal excuse for sun
dering matrimonial ties. To draw the
line between "cruel and Inhuman treat
ment" and dementia that constitutes
total mental incapacity, may bother the
courts in some cases, but a series of
"cruel and inhuman" acts that would
ordinarily be Just cause for divorce,
when they culminate In insanity that
sends the victim to the asylum as an
Incurable maniac, could hardly be con
sidered as the acts of a rational per
son. And if such person were not ac
countable for his or her acts, the ele
ment that would in ordinary cases
make them good ground for dissolution
of the marriage contract is entirely
lacking. All infirmities that flesh Is
heir to come within the scope of mar
riage vows, and neither justice nor
healthy sentiment admits insanity as a
proper ground for severance of mar
riage ties. ,
GET TOGETHER.
Henry B. Thielsen, secretary of the
Salem chamber of commerce, in a let
ter to President Taylor, of the Portland
Chamber of Commerce, says:
I fool so convinced of the transcendant im
portance of united effort on the part of all good
citizens at this particular time to forward the
Interests of tho Northwest, and in fact of the
whole coast, that I am going- to urge you to
help me In the effort to get our people to
throw aMdet foolish local jealousies and join in
one united effort to make things move.
Now here Is a man of eminently prac
tical ideas. He throws aside petty
issues and little jealousies and surveys
the field In the broad light of co-operation
and cd-ordinatlon. By harmonious
aotion, by every community working
towards a common end and every indi
vidual supporting the community, and
by that alone, can great results be
achieved for the Pacific coasi We are
now working at cross purposes every
community for itself. There is com
monalty of interests, for what affects
one affects all, but there Is no unity of
purpose in the line of accomplishing
results. Each community is good at In
dividual work; we are poor in collective
operation. Portland pulls one way, Se
attle another, San Francisco still an
other, and the smaller towns either
take the side of one of the big cities or
go the road alone. When a crisis arises,
as was the case when the Middle West
Jobbers combined against us last fall,
we fall Into line in hurried fashion, and
frequently without precise knowledge
of what we have set about to do. This
is the fruit of Jealousy, discord, lack of
organization, or whatever It may' be
termed. Secretary Thielsen advises ua
to "Join In one united effort to make
things move." Can we do this? A
brief survey of the pressing needs of
the Pacific coast calls forth but one
answer yes. These needs are:
1. Larger commerce with all the world, par
Ucularly with Asia.
2. Deep channels, an open river, a drydock,
a smelter and an aeeay offlce for Portland.
3. Manufactures at every place where they
will be profitable.
4. A Pacific cable.
5. Harbor Improvements at all points along
the coast
8. New settlers to build up the country.
7. Development of mines.
8. Transportation faculties for tactions sow
remote from the markets.
0. Innumerable local needs.
Portland can help every town on the
Pacific coast. Every town on the coast
can help Portland. The way to go
about it is to arouse a sentiment in
favor of co-operation and follow up the
sentiment with comprehensive organi
zation. Let it be a Pacific coast Cham
ber of Commerce, a Pacific coast board
of trade, a league of Pacific coast corn-
mercial bodies, or a Pacific Coast Fash
Club. But above all let it be an organ
ization representative of all the Infte
ences of the coast capable of substan
tial performance. Portland atone can
not do much; nor can Seattle, Taoosaa,
Spokane, San Francisco or Los An
geles; nor can Oregon or Washington
or California. Hands joined, we shall
be heard. Let us, then, join hands, so
that when any oKy of the coast asks
for its just rights, the 2.W0.M0 people
of the Pacific will second the demand.
Portland is ready for this necessary
policy. It showed the proper spirit the
other day when it extended the hand of
friendship to Seattle in the matter of
the trans-Pacific cable. It is as willing
to Join with other Pacific cities as with
Seattle. Secretary Thleisen is working
on sound plans, and may success attend
his efforts. If. he succeeds In a general
organization of bodies Interested In the
welfare of Oregon, he will have laid the
foundation for a great Pacific coast or
ganization. His proposal to unite to
make things move Is one of the most
promising suggestions that has gone
out of Oregon for many a day.
The present winter, up to this time,
has been a phenomenal one for East
ern Oregon. Stookmen have not fed a
pound of the ample supply of hay
stored last summer, and range cattle
are la a thriving condition. Sheep also
have wintered well, and with very lit
tle cost to owners, and the growth of
wool is exceptionally heavy for the
season of the year. It is remembered
in this connection that a few winters
of this kind in the early history of
stockraislng in Eastern Oregon deluded
cattlemen into the belief that stock
could live and thrive on the range the
year round. This fallacy was destroyed
later, though at the cost of untold Buf
fering to the wretched, shelterless
brutes and of great loss to the owners
during more than one succeeding hard
winter. Finally, the fact that hard
winters that Is, winters in which stock
must be sheltered and fed for a num
ber of weeks, or perish miserably was
accepted, and building sheds and stor
ing hay became general among the more
thrifty and humane stookmen. While
it is not likely that the lesson will have
to be learned over again on account of
the present mild winter on the ranges,
there Is some reason to fear that it
will not be an unmitigated blessing,
since It may In some instances cause
rlsk3 to be taken that win prove disas
trous to sfock next year. The prudent
man, however, will, as usual, foresee
the possibilities of evil and hide himself
behind ample haystacks.
Perhaps the most striking feature of
the published recital of the execution
that took place in Polk county last Fri
day was the picture of the boyish face
of the criminal that accompanied it.
The youthful face depicted was not one
to grace a rogue's gallery, not was it
that even of the traditional "bad boy"
of the neighborhood. Round, boyish,
with a frank and open expression, it
ye't represented the features of a young
man who in his brief life had served a
term for larceny in the state's prison,
and had afterward brutally murdered
a man who had befriended him, craft
ily concealed the body of his victim,
and was deliberately spending the blood
money thus obtained in wanton way3
within a few miles of the scene of the
murder, when apprehended. Physiog
nomy can scarcely be considered an
exaot science, or youth be urged in
support of the contention that the cir
cumstances (that point otherwise con
clusively to guilt) must be at fault,
while the youthful, almost girlish, faces
of William Magers and Frank McDan
iel gaze at us from the newspapers.
"Poor boy," we say, in looking at such
a face, and yet, since it is that of a
criminal who has proved himself equal
to the commission of the most horri
ble crimes, who shall say that it is not
well for him and for society that his
career had an early If a shameful end?
To have surpassed "Robin Hood" in
attractiveness Is a great deal for any
opera to do, but just this "The Sere
nade" seems to have done. From the
curiosity to musical students, which it
was upon Its former presentation here,
it has become, under the manipulation
of the Bostonians, a finished produc
tion of rare merit, from musical, dra
matic and comedy standpoints. Its
melody is of high order, and some of
its numbers, in the hands of first-class
singers, are capable of almost unlimited
effect. In addition to this, its dramatic
possibilities have been so Improved and
perfected, especially in the minor points
that mark finished work, as to make
it almost unrecognizable as the same
piece presented here last year. It now
has a setting worthy its high quality,
and evidently is to have a high place
in the annals of the American stage.
Evidence to the effect that Cape
Nome Is the "poor man's country,"
strictly in a mining sense, of course,
continues to accumulate. Yet even
there, it is plainly stated, men must,
work for what they get, Inexorable na
ture having hidden her choicest pos
sessions under great masses of sand.
Nature in truth has no use for the "get-somethlng-for-nothlng"
Individual, but
deals Impartially with all, and, know
ing what Is good for man, grimly In
sists that he shall work his way in
her domain.
Goebel is dead, leaving anarchy be
hind him, of which he was the princi
pal author. He has died by the meth
ods which his own life Invoked. By his
violent course he has plunged a great
state into chaos; and as the evil that
men do lives after them, the state of
Kentucky now welters in the waves of
anarchy that he set in motion. Since
under his direction violence had been
carried so far, his death now will not
materially change the course of things,
the outcome of which no one now can
foresee.
A senatorial election in California
will make all the more pertinent the in
quiry why the governor of Pennsyl
vania doesn't call the-legisiature of that
state together to elect a successor to
Quay. It may have a slight effect also
to facilitate the collapse of the Penn
sylvania claimant's ease in the senate.
Perhaps the best thing- that could
happen in Kentucky would be for eaeh
side to elect Its senator and adjourn,
thus sending the case to congress. In
this way the dangerous crisis might be
safely passed.
Senator Bard's election will bring the
senate membership up to 87. The va
cancies still existing are in Utah, Dela
ware and Pennsylvania.
WHKJ D C8X FGKHS HOT
Der to times in life wheat aaiure
flnntas to sM a sag aw' g
Jes a lattna dewa sreatloa
Lafc aa cow's uimlM
meat the worT tos jtoMB a. sptnaaV
I a ptckaBtmy's tea
Aa ye eaa Joy h biiteiniter
Twett it seems abstat to sM.
Aaf yew feet Jea Mc a- saeaa.
Bat to uulwta' fa to toe-
A" de eVa, pester fcafc
Whea yew set dasaa, a 4e taWe,
Xtof a weary MMe aaf saa
Aa jm W a Bttfei uadted.
Aa perhaps a, Bttte toad.
Hto yor gltem tsf as tats gtadaesa,
Hawy toy drives vat ate aswht,
"Whet da owe de la opened
Aa de smelt eonn pif SHU
"Why. 'toctrkj Hgtt " hoarea
Seesss to settle om de afSt
Wheel ys" nassany see d MesstaT
Aas de eeCn pose's hoc
"Whea de eaMtog pet to aieamhi
An de bacon's good asr fat,
"Wbwr de ehlttlta's Is a 3uMortB,,J
Sefc to show you wan day's at
TMss away yof sedy IiIujmK,
TaSte away yor cafce aa pie.
W de gtory Urn to eiattof
Aa Ds 'pioatihla' very ads
Aa yew was, to toa an hsUoht
IW yaw haevir you'd battoh et
Whea ye wnwwiy sea de btesnaV
Aef de esa poaa's het.
X have heard, a tots a seraseas.
Aa" rve heerd o tots o ptwyorat
Aa' rve Us tone A to oetao staxaa'
Dat has tok nte to de atatra
Of dw Gtory-Laa aa set ae
Jos' betow de ataheaafs Dree,
Aaf have IeT any hawt a-stogaa
la. a happy aftah toae.
Sat dam wads so sweetly arenaed
Seeam te teob the seftoa spot,
Tn Jw9i jWT aA&BHQJT Aft BtGOOHli
Aa' de eoa poaes hat.
Paul Lawreaas DuBba.
A DRStVM OF A NIGHT VISIOJT.
Osatoh. axtiiT.)
Dreams are aet idle fancies, but Kiesoaagera
Seat to attentive seals, tor easy these
Wilt wake aa Meten waea the body steeps.
'Twaa thaw X draamedt Moth ought ay path
Aad ragged aa mr streagth grew less, a&4
peaks
On peaks rose still beiere me. Over att
Bveatac: had folded her mysterteus wtag.
With pilgrim staff to stay my weaken? step
I still pressed onward.. Set ta. ktad appeal.
As eae might greatly ehlda another, same
A whisper "Soafc hast thaw aet toiled, eaeug&t
The war la steep, tttaw kaewest aet the ead.
Light feJIetb; shadows baekward ereep, aad
soon
Will dose arewad theer Strive aa man le
hiilishlu
Thou aaast aet gain, bat yield thy pttgrlaa
staff.
Uatoese thy saadals; He thee dewa and sleepC
Bat my seal aaBwered -Ift my tot I stead.
I fall aet ever, ae it rowgh or ameetb.
This te the path in watch my feet were set.
Aad yeader star my goat. 'Trite, aha ead
I may not haow nor questtoa; bat a stay
Was ftxed In heaves, to gawe me. Oaty
Around my tost oaa shadows alsoo, far os
My heart was writ by Btm wha gave H. me.
'Ad Astra'' ad my feet wHl Sad the path
'Obedient to the light wtthta me.' "
And then, methoaght. I ftxed my steadfast eyed
Upon the heights beyoad. me. aad, behold!
There stood beside me one with eyes sereee.
Who spake no word, but heaped my bosom high
With mystta rosea of unearthly beauty
Such, ree as the brands of martyred maid
Or brows of sainted rtrgtns might have bersa-
And by that gentle token. I might knew
I was not all forsaken. With Arm. step
And with exultant heart I cHmbed aala;
Aad then, alas' my straage. sweet visies Sed,
And aet la dream or vtoioa was X told
That straagab, waa gives to gate the highest
height.
Or wia the rtotory. Streagah was given to
strive. Ma Roger A. Pryer.
DS FROFHNDIS.
There Is aa poet where there Is bo seag?
Aad wha aaa. alas that aoWhoc hoe da aer
So dark, so weak; tee weak to aaX H wreag
The sightless life that taras any seas' to prase.
Ah! verily, mea say that when we're yewag
Out mortal is traasdgared everywhere.
And. X have stood upon God's meant aad sung
Aad gaaed upea the Christ, aad knew Km
fair.
Ah! weU-a-dart X neither see aer kaew,
God lets me live, aad Mfe HeeIC is sweet;
From day to day X wander to and fre
Until tomorrow X must driak aad eat.
There Is some law by whtoh the beast as4
flower
Live unto God, aad are meat lovely eoj
Like sat them is this ana evil hoar.
That X am. Hvtag' uato God. X kaew.
On me the glory of the stmshlae falls.
On me the drops of ghtdaees-gtvtog' rasa;
No mere thaa I. the basest tMgr that arawla
Caa trmaaph m Ha hvk of mortal pate.
And wMl Sa leave my seal te heH to ptea
Outside the htduoneo ef Mb natural sway?
Ne heoa. eaapeuriag' of Ms eH aad wise
X auppMoato, bat Hght to mvd my way.
S. H. Gaieridgev
GBNSRAL LAWTON.
Another hero fallen, glory-orownedl
Not one who loitered for the gay world's smite.
Sipping the while of pleasure's luring sweets;
Net one who lingered by the shoals of nfe
To gather In his bands what men. eaH wealth.
Of danger, toll or death he had no thought.
But. stern, of purpose, followed to the end,
What he had set to do, and did It well.
Though terrlMe as hurricane of death.
He onward swept tilt victory was woa.
Yet tender aa a woman, aad as Mad,
When at his raersy lay the vanquished foe.
And what of these who heard the battle eaB;
Of has who fell oa Sea. Kateots fleMT
None bat the bravest dared to follow Mm
Whese towering helmet marked the firms ane.
With bteedtag feet all through the sleoafaaa
night.
Famished aad Mint, still bravely strugKHngr on,
They tracked the wily red men to bis lain
They saved their country's honor aad her fla;
They bore it o'er the sea. to summer Isles,
Till, leadteg there, the brave Ja battle fett.
Aad is he truly dead? Not truly dead!
For te the hearts of men Mil ead of time
Lawten, the aeMe, morel-wreathed, lives on.
Ktefeard BaJrd.
GOOD AND EVIL.
Long- the waltteg' maay tee teas!
Dull the sight-eJtve the feart
Weak the wHl the effort fateU
Deep the sigh low the piatett
Yet sever a goat but ends a wayt
Never a dark but bears a dart
Never a stroag but feete a pata
Never a. -but hriaga a gate
Tor feR the evil bora the rlgttl
Deaee Mm darhncBO kooa the starhtl
Brieve the weahaess gateed. tha stceagtb!
Strained the distance homo at leata.(
God Is in as-tMs the strKet
Victory through us tbte la Mtet
The win to da Is virtue deaef
The grief to lose Is goodaono wea4
J. Mark Baldwte, te Independent.
ON HIS BT.INDNSSS.
Whea X consider how my Mae is spent
Bee half mr days, hi this dankwarid aad wide,
Aad that one tales whtoh is death to htde
Lodged with me ase'ess, though my soul mora
beat
To serve therewith my Maker, aad present
My true acoouwt. lest e retaratne eMde:
"Doth God exact day labor, mjht denied?"
I fondly ash. bat Patterns, to prevent
That murmur, seoa repfses: "God doth not seed
Btaher maa's work or big ewa gifts; wha best
Bear1 Ms md yatse, they serve Mm best; Ms
Is ktegtar; thowoaada at Ma Mdaaag speed.
Aadi past o'er toad aad oeeaa without rest;
They ate serve ws only stead aad watt."
Jaha. MlHaa.
TJOB BOOK OF LIFB.
Oar MtVs a booh a eKeuut page
The maslitliii the aaz aaaaeaio
Stoat dare to say.
The- blading of LhVs teak hi nape.
With faith enwove.
The goMem rim about its leaves
ZabbEDAB. Love. Lee C Marhf.