THE SUNDAY OKEGONIAN, PORTLAND, JAUAEY ,14, 1900. tte zBg&aitm Entered at the Pestoffice at Portland. Oregon, as socc d-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Rooms. . . .105 J Business Office. - . . --G6I , REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Br Matt- (pottage prepaid), la Advance Daily, wttb Sunday, -per month ...?B SS J3alj. Suaday excepted, per year 39 Dally, with Sunday, per jcar... ...... V W Sunday, per $ ear ............. ........ j Cfl The Weekly, per year.-.-,..... ,- 1 59- The Weekly, 3 months - -v .... M To cats Subscribers gaily, per week, delivered. Sundays excepced435 CaHy. per Tfe. delivered. Sunday inme.30c News or discussion intended for puhlicatica laJ Xne Oregomas should be "addressed Inv-rja-ly ""Editor The Oregoman." not to tne name of any Ihdlridual. Letters rel-tlmj to advertising. euhseripUons or to .any business matter RG.-li be addressed simply "The Oregomsn." The Orsgoglan dees not buy poems or stories tram Individuals, and cannot undertake io fe tttrn any manuscripts sent to it -without soHdfa tion. No stamps .should be Inclosed for this pur pose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, omce" at 1111 Pacific avenue, Taeoma. Box S55. TacxKna postollice. Eastern Business Office The Tribune building Kew "yorjt dry; ""The Rookery," Chicago; the S. C Bcckwith special agency. .Jew Tork. For sale in San Francisco Ey JT. K. Cooper. 74G Market street, near the Balaee hotel, and at Goldsmitfe ros 236 Sutter street. Far sale in Chicago by the P: . News Co.. 217 Dearborn, street. TOATS "TEATHTB. Occasional mln, with Bhort clearing spell eouth to west winds- 3?OR-rE,AD, STJKDAT, JAXUARY 14. SEJ-GOVERronSTT A GROWTH. The llmitatiQns of the mind are such that it never understands the meaning of its owa time. Comparison with something: else la the way we appre hend any object, a, law that lies deep down in the foundations of conscious Intelligence. Only through knowledge of tire nebulous planets did we learn our Wstory; only through study of the moon do we discover our destiny. The past and future, thus revealed explain the present. Kb present- is comprehend Bible without reference- to what lies be hind and what is to come after. The world just begins to comprehend Crom well and Napoleon as world forces. For what end his voyages were made, Co lumbus died in ignorance. For whom he trudged his weary way to Augs burg, Xnither had no conception. None ean foresee the future, and few, until this .century, knew the historical imag ination that alone can bring the past, with its counsel and warnings, to bear on the -present hour. As contact with savagism and bar barism was needed to teach civilised xnan the story of his past, so is contact with barbarism in a different field to teach us today the meaning of self government as an institution, not in herited of right, but a growth built up by insensible accretion from impercept ible beginnings. The founders of the American republic did not recognize in themselves the product of 4000 years of civilization. The history of the race was then unknown. The modern mind, formed -by Buckle and Lubbock, Spencer and Darwin, was as Impossible as" it was non-existent. It doubtless seemed to them that as a woTld had Issued complete from the hand of its Maker, with lands and seas fashioned In their present aspect, so man himself had been endowed with civil privileges and responsibilities in an hour, and the governed entrusted by deity with in alienable rights and duties of sover eignty. They doubtless had little -conception of the truth that rule is always to the capable, just as any tool is only to the hand that can wield it, and that the masses grasped at power only when time and discipline had fitted them for its exercise. Self-government has been the accept ed programme for Puerto Rico; but Governor-General Davis, who is evi dently anxious for its application, re gretfully finds no way of putting It into operation with safety. Not one man in a hundred, he says, is fitted for the responsibilities of self-government. It is -possible, of course, for one to shut his eyes to the truth and maintain with skill and resolution that he sees Nearly. Mr. Atkinson's and Mr. Hoar's successes In this line compel admiration. But the opes and discerning mind can see the same principle of action iHcumbeht upon us in Cuba and the Philippines that has -been found necessary in the South, in Hawaii, in our dealings with the Indians, and in the educational and other limitations with which suffrage has been surrounded In half the states of the North, conspicuously In Massa chusetts, where no "governed" is asked for his consent or refusal, -unless he can demonstrate his fitness for the franchise. Self-government is not a thing to be handed to a man or a people on a plat ter, any more than you can give a man wit or judgment or an artistic temperament. Self-government is a structure to be laboriously built up by a people, just as character is a posses sion to be painfully acquired by the in dividual. Self-government by the unfit Is a contradiction in terms, for it could have no permanence. The descent to no government would be swjf t and the substitution of government by the strong would he inevitable. Govern ment is not a Christmas present; it is an employment. A man can no more govern, without capacity to govern, In herited or acquired, than he can teach, or run a locomotive or sail a ship. Be hind the self-governing American to day stand all the thoughts, experiences and labors of dead centuries from the dawn of history. Upon the ruins of Assyrian and Egyptian learning roe the acumen pi Greece., the military and legal power of Rpme. Constantinople rose and fell, Gaul "was subdued and transformed, Teuton worked out his problems in pain and fear. Northmen sailed and fought, the monks, of the middle ages pondered and wrote, discovery spread Its sails and the Renaissance arose all as ministers to the civilised mind of today and tomorrow, in which inherited fietfcontrol, enlightened through his tory and literature, is at length fitted to govern itself, and to discharge the duties of guardian to those thrown into its charge. This nation earned. Its In dependence, not in the Revolution, but in the training that had gone before it. There is no other way. No one governs the man who can govern himself. And to a people that cannot govern itself no one can give self-government. "Do you know," says the Baker Dem ocrat, "'that it requires 50 per cent more wheat to buy a stove than it did In 1S96?" The statement Is not quite true, but suppose it true. Then how can it be an argument, as the Democrat in tends it to he, against the gold stand ard? Suppose silver your mpney. Then if you get a higher price for your' wheat, measured in silver, you will pay, correspondingly, a higher price for your stove, measured In silver1; and In this shuffle of Inflation the manufac turer, money broker and retail dealer trill have an advantage ever the wheat grower and stove-buyer, that he does not -possess now. Can anybody be so dense as to suppose that if the value of the wheat is measured In silver the value of the stove will not be measured m silver, too? FETUttE OP HtniAMTT. Bo -Quickly the years -come and go, so hurriedly the centuries jostle each other into tha past, it is no wonder cnn of reflaetlon pause sometime, look up from their separate tasks and ask each other what the end shall he. '"Whence end "Whither are questions as old as civilization, and older, for through all the degrees of barbarism and een In the middle .and upper stages of sav agery we find evidences of gropings after these mysteries. In the childhood of the race such questions were inevi tably referred to the religious instinct and they were answered by the cus todians of the .supposed truths- of myth ology. The scheme -of the universe and the history of our own planet were matters given out by authority, and in a few generations they became part of accepted truth. Columbus drew assur ance of the reality qf his westward vis Ions from Holy Writ, and Vespucius was almost .inclined to dispute the evi dence of his senses when he discovered lands in the South Atlantic, because no authority for their existence could be found in the writings of the ancients. Discoveries like those of "Vespucius exerted profound influence in under mining the power of tradition -and au thority in the field -of material knowl edge. But the Renaissance turned men's thoughts to literary and -artistic rather than scientific pursuits, so that hundreds e years passed before men learned to cease searching in old hu man chronicles for the records that were to be found only In Nature. This profound labor of physics, geology, pal eontology, biology and astronomy, with the incidents of philology and embryol ogythe noble galaxy of modern sci enceshas been done, and all there is to do now is to fill in the details. The mind has been emancipated, and It turns to science for hints of the future as it has had to do for records of the past. A number of scientific men have recently given their Impressions, of the physical future of mankind. The points of departure in such speculation are not many, but very certain. The fu ture of the planet is death. The day is coming when the globe shaH "swing cold within a rayless void." Its rota tory motion will cease until It presents but one side continually to the sun, and .then life will become impossible. Down that long journey to oblivion a few steps can be distinctly seen. Along with the retardation of movement comes gradual decrease of tempera ture. The Eskimos, remnants of the r ice age, will perish or else be driven southward past their ancient haunts in Central Europe and our Middle Atlan tic states. Men will slowly be com pelled to retreat from north and south toward the equator. Along with this thickening density, multiplied eomtnu- ifiicatlon, instantaneous throughout all parts of the earth, will steadily obliter ate differences In races, religions, lan guages and customs. Barbarians will perish or be amalgamated Into a uni- Lversal white race, speaking one com mon tongue, composite of all that have ever been preserved, and creeds will be powerless to enslave the free be liefs and worship of the Individual mind. As rapid transit increases, thtf tendency of lofty buildings will be re versed. Custom will enforce sanitation and prevent reproduction of iraperfeet and diseased individuals, and we shall more and more seek, in oceans the food the thickly populated land can only supply with increasing difficulty. As to man himself, it has long been recognized that evolution Is practically done with his physical frame. When the day came that on the earth ap peared a species whose mind furthered his advance more than his. body did, that day the evolution of the body ceased and the evolution of the mind beeame all. Arrested development pos sessed our frame, and left us with all the vestiges of our lowly descent, where they will remain to the end. The little toe may disappear, or the wisdom teeth, or the vermiform appendix. But the body will be substantially the same. Science will strengthen the eye, telephones will develop the hearing, bustle of cities will sharpen all the senses, and athletics will rescue the whole frame from that decay which civilization has frequently threatened. This upward movement would not be possible unless we could see the begin nings of remedy for the deteriorating Influences at work. Something must appear to check the tendency Of Iiq individual to rely upon society for his support, and to bitme society for his faults. Something must appear to take the place of supernatural dogmas that have held Immorality in check. The beginnings of the corrective for each of these are already here. Things will look dark If We leave out of account the pervasive influences of such master minds as those of Herbert Spencer, Lecky and Emerson. These men have no popular following, but they have formed the minds that are forming so ciety. Upon the coming generations will be stamped the necessity of sell reliance and the necessity of morals-. Science hap destroyed the errors of the old regime, It is competent to find and apply the saving grace of the new -dispensation. "Love God and love one an other' was not only spoken in words of spiritual meaning. It is written on the tablets of creation itself. THE SOCIAL EXPERT. The world still moves, and thetevoIve ment of the "expert" continues. Ex perts In law, in finance and in medicine have held the boards sq long that they have become a part, In thefr several spheres, of our communtly life, but the "social expert," though perhaps JOng a part of that pretentions something known as "genteel society," has but re cently beeh uncovered. We find Miss Mary B. Howe, grand-daughter of the late Ellas Howe, the pioneer seWing machlne manufacturer, before a New Tork court as claimant for 24,750 as "social expert" in the interest and em ployment for several years of Frances Augusta, wife of Samuel Perry Skin ner, of New Tork city. Mrs. Skinner, as appears from the testimony given in support of the plaintiff's contention, was in the social swim without know ing how to keep afloat. In this serious dilemma she called Miss Howe to her aid. The latter had realized from her grandfather's Ingenu ity and thrift, in the form of a resi dence for some years in Europe and an education in musis, French,- German, dancing, etc., her accomplishments in cluding a knowledge of the art of en tertaining from being entertained, and of costuming from seeing ladies of quality on dress parade. Her duties in I Mrs. Skinner's home were along th& lines of these accomplishments. She helped her employer to entertain, fur 'nished music for guests, accompanied Mrs. Skinner shopping and calling, and raade herself generally useful In a gen tee w.ay. She was finally dismissed, her empleyer declining to pay her for services which covered a peried of sev eral years, hence this suit. The Gase has created quite a sensa tion in social oircles of th great me tropolis. An attempt was made, to ex clude reporters -from the courtroom, on the plea that in the course of the pro ceedings the names of certain society women who were forced to earn their Irving as ".social experts" might have to be mentioned a plea which the un sympathetic judge eurtly refused. When, however, the plaintiff's counsel introduced Mrs. Elizabeth Wirrthrop Stephens, "descendant of the late Alex ander Stephens and a relative of the late Governor Stuyvesant," who as ex pert In such matetrs was called as wit ness for Miss Howe, the shifts and straits to which "society women" are reduced in maintaining their position were laid bare. Mrs. Stephens eon ducts' a. "soeial requirements and- intel ligence bureau," through which she gives advice to society wornen in the management of their homes, teaches them how to entertain and hpw to be have in society; furnishes list of guests for private receptions and functions, and details ' suitable young women to assist perplexed hostesses in making things go off properly at swell' func tions. The responsible nature of these du ties, as viewed from the standpoint of the expert, may be surmised frdm the estimate that $5000 a year is a reason able salary for the services alleged to have been performed by Miss Howe. And why not? Though disdaining to be called working women, and closely guarding the dread secret that they are compelled to earn their fh lihood, are not these laborers worthy of their hire? And arp not their duties multi farious enough, and perplexing enough, and withal distasteful enough, through the covert lines along which they ile, to command first-class salaries? Who would not rather be president' of a raE road, on the simple basis of responsi bility, than social purveyor to a woman who has money without breeding and position without intelligence? BREAKERS AHEAD. San Francisco papers report sales of Sonoma hops at prices ranging from C to 8 cents per pound, with more moving at the minimum than at the maximum price. This perhaps accounts for the difficulty experienced in selling Oregon hops at anything like satisfactory prices. Sp long as California growers are willing to dispose of their crop at these figures, and New Tork growers are sellng in the East at substantially the same prices, it will be a difficult matter for more money to be realized on the Oregon product. In endeavoring to advance prices under such circum stances, the Oregon Hopgrowers' Asso ciation Is in a similar position to that of Mr. Joseph Leiter, who attempted to advance wheat prices two years ago by securihg control of vast quantities of the cereal. The Hopgrowers' Association Is re ported to have secured control of about 30,600 bales of Oregon hops. In com parison with the total production of the United States, this is an amount of no mean proportions, and in temporarily removing it from the market It has had the effect of preventing the price from dropping to lower levels than now, ex ist. To this extent the hop eombine may be termed a success. To a similar stage Mr. Letter's wheat deal was a success, but when he had secured con trol of several million bushels of wheat and had manipulated the market so that prices rose to dizzy heights, a large amount of outside selling com menced. Not alone in this country did the farmers scrape their grain bins to meet the demand from consumers; but from India, Russia, Australia, Argen tina in fact, from all over the world wheat was forthcoming. In vain leiter sought to let go of the wheat he had accumulated, but every time he made a move to sell a few thousand bushels the market was frightened into a slump which forced him to buy back every thing that was thrown on the market in order to prevent a ruinous loss on the millions of bushels which he was carrying. Sad the harvest of 1898 proved a fail ure the world over, Mr. "Letter's wheat deal would have been the most colossal financial suecess that has ever been re corded. Unfortunately for him, hut fortunately for the consumers, by the time the outside farmers had cleaned out their stoeks in meeting the demand another harvest was at hand. The young Napoleon had handled the crop Of a nation with some measure of suc cess, but the crop of a world was be yond Uls capacity, and the Inevitable result followed. This result, whether rt follows the manipulation of wheat, hops, corn, wool, or any ether product which Is in general use, and for which there is general demand all over the world, Is merely the supplanting of un natural trade conditions by the invinci ble law of supply and demand. Letter's wheat deal-wag temporarily of great benefit to the farmers of Oregon and Washington, and the hop combine would prove of equal value to the hop growers if the crops of the world could be withdrawn from the market -as have the 30,000 bales mentioned. As has been stated, prlees have been held fairly steady since the formation of the combine, but there has been no advance, nor will there be so long" as the growers of California and New Tork are satisfied to put their hops on the market at prices which consumers will pay. The New Tork Journal of Commerce and the San Francisco Com mercial News, both journals of unques tionable repute in their respective fields, have printed from time to time throughout the season details of sales of hops, frequently giving the name of both buyer and seller, number of bales sold and price paid. This is convincing evidence that there are plenty of grow ers who are satisfied with existing prices, and until all of the stock held by these sellers Is disposed of, with a demand still unsatisfied, the hop com bine can achieve only partial success. The Oregonian would be pleased, to chronicle sales of Oregon hops at more than double the prices they are now worth. It would also regret to see the consumptive demand filled by the growers of California and New Tork at present prices, and our own stock car ried over and sold next year at lower figures than are now obtainable. i jfDWwmM l,llliilli THE CR-T OF AA8KA. Alaska suffers because she has no one to speak for her. The delegates she sends, without authority, to the house of representatives -are denied seats. Turned out of congress, ail exile in his own country, the best the delegate can do is to employ among members the arts of the lobbyist, in vague hope, of creating a sentiment in favor of much needed legislation for his dlsrrlet. "Among the great territories of the" Wst," ran a memorial to congress, adopted by the re-publican convention which mat a Juneau in the fall of 1S39, "we stand atone a monument of com plete and utter isolation and non-repre-sehtatien. With an area sufficient to form a dozen states, with resources un numbered and unlimited, with no man ner of expressing our just needs or. to demand our just rights, . . . we come to you for relief." This demand for justice has been repeated time and again, but congress adheres to the stu pid Russian policy of deeming Alaska unworthy o fair laws because too far removed from the center of, govern ment. Without representation in con gress, Alaska is trot in position to urge its' claims for recognition. Tet no blame san attach to the house for denying admission to one who Is not legally one of its members. Mottrom D. Ball was refused a seat in 1S81, Thomas S. Now ell In 1894, and J. G. Price now. Minor Bruce went to Washington with a me morial for relief In 1S89, and Captain James Carroll with another in 1890. Captain Carroll opened the eyes of the country to the value of Alaska with his offer of $2O,e0O,C00 for the district in case congress was not disposed to grant its people proper laws. The only representation Alaska has ever had was in the democratic national conven tion of 188S and the republican and democratic national conventions of 1892 and 1896. Both the democratic and re publican national conventions of 1896 adopted planks favoring congressional representation for .Alaska. It is exceedingly doubtful If the peo ple of Alaska are serious in their de mand for territorial government. They cannot afford it. Minor Bruce, who is an authority o Alaskan affairs, wrote, as late as April, 1899, that, among the people of the district, there was wide spread opposition to territorial organ ization, on account of dread of taxes and the expense of maintaining that form, of government. The vast area and scattered settlements make a fair system of voting very doubtful of real ization. Peculiar climate, remoteness from Washington and transient char acter of population furnish added doubts as to the practicability of ter ritorial organization. The principal needs are removal of the prohibition on the cutting and export of lumber; pro tection of the salmon industry, in which between $10,eOQ,000 and $12,000,004 Is in vested in buildings and machinery, and the output of which was $4,120,000 last year; extension of the laws regulating the purchase of coal lands; a more comprehensive judiciary, and survey of the public lands. The question Is whether these cannot be secured other wise than through territorial govern ment. What Alaska requires more than con gressional representation is protection to life and property. This can be best accomplished by a larger judiciary, or, as Governor Brady expresses it, in his December report to the secretary of the interior, "by the creation of additional courts so elastic that the department of justice can adapt them to the needs of the population." More courts granted now will save the disagreeable alternative of. martial law in the near future, for there will certainly be great disorder if present conditions are al lowed to continue indefinitely. The 24, 000 white persons in the district should have white men's laws, and the 31,000 natives and Russian Creoles are entitled to lEeir measure of protection. Con gress cannot longer turn a deaf ear to the cry for relief which has come from Alaska for twenty years AW AGNOSIC METHOBSST. A,t the recent congress of the Meth odist Episcopal church at St. Louis, the most notable paper was read by Pro fessor M. D. Learned, of Pennsylvania university, on "The Message of the Church to Men of Culture." Professor Learned is known as "a free lance in Methodism." He lamented the tend ency of' men of cnltme to keep aloof from the church, and the reason he gave for their departure was that there Is "a startling consensus among schol ars, scientific men and men of culture in general, as to the valueiessness of dogma." Professor Learned contended that the "church, in order to hold men of culture within its fold as active Christians, must change Its attitude toward many questions"; that the sci entific man is an Inquirer, a learner, but haust not, cannot formulate dog matic finalities. Because the scientific man will not and cannot believe with out scientific demonstration, which is Impossible in the domain of the super natural, Professor Learned would give up the whole case of the church to satisfy "eulture." He leaves to scien tific analysis and judgment every mlra cle on which theology Is founded, the incarnation, the resurrection, and an revealed religion, and, of course, these dogmas eannot Stand the test, for they conflict with modern scientific knowl edge and experience. These views of Professor Learned, whieh do not make him an outcast from the Methodist church, really mean nothing but agnosticism as an ultimate, for they eliminate supemat uraiism from religion, which is the sheet anchor of priestcraft. Professor Learned's Methodism Is a distinct de parture from religious faith, for he says that ''the chureh must not resist scientific inquiry, but must rather adopt the scientific method and wel come Its results," and "rather turn the light of Christian truth upon the social, moral and religious problems of mod-j era life," in order to Induce the world to "begin to believe in its sincerity." There is nothing exceptional in this ehange in the Methodist church; it is clearly in evidence in all the old-time orthodox churches, and also in the Uni tarian church. Theodore Parker in 1845 was treated as a heretic by the "Or thodox" Channing school of Unitarians of Boston, but today the leading Uni tarian pulpits are occupied by meh who are more "liberal" than even Parker. The Methodist church, and the Baptist chureh, the two great popular churches of the country, have not been able to resist the impact of increased popular intelligence against hidebound bigotry and' emotional ignorance. The old vio lence of Religious excitement has passed" away, outside of the illiterates and im beciles of the country, and religious meetings have become as a rule sober and serious assemblages that are no longer terrified by pictures of hell fire and torments of lost sculs, such as Jon athan Edwards preached to his flock at Northampton until he wore oat his welcome and was invited to gat out and stay out. The change is very great; it has come by no Jesuitical design or practice; It has taken place gradually. The change has not come because of corrupt and mean motives; it has come because in a free eountry every pulpit must voice its pews. The pews will not pay for spiritual food that their stomachs have come to rejeet, and so long as the paws rule the pulpit rather than the pulpit is the infallible pope of the pews, we may expect radical changes in the pulpit ac cents f all the orthodox churches. The pulpiteer who is not ready to be a wan dering religious minstrel er itinerant must be prepared to have his tongue touched with Pentecostal flame from his pews. . When the state board made the levy of state taxes last year, the legislature had not yet assembled in regular ses sion. When the appropriation bfil had been passed, .it was found to contatn a number of appropriations not provided for In the tax levy already made. On the other hand, several items were pro vided for in the levy that did not finally get into the appropriation bill, and the surplus thereby remaining on hand is 517,285 77. The. figures published In the la3t two days show in ponsiderable de tail where the state gets Its money and where it spends it. It may aid to a clearer understanding of the table printed yesterday to know that bf the three columns of figures the first repre sented the biennial appropriation for eaeh item, the second the amount pro vided for in the levy last year, while the third represents the expenses for which the state is liable in this current year, including those authorized by the legislature but not provided for in the levy of last year. The presence of Continental officers ih the Boer armies is undoubted, and has never been otherwise. German of ficers did the business for the Turks in 1897 British fought with us In our war with Spain, and Americans are now trying to get into the Transvaal strug gle on both sides. In one sense this is nothing new. The soldier of fortune is, an ancient type. The change Is In practical obliteration of the old relig ious and racial conflicts. Holy wars and Protestant leagues are things of the past. McKlnley the Methodist sends a Catholic prelate to Luzon, and England helps to found a Mussulman college at Khartoum. "We draw the sword today, not to convert unbelievers or placate Jehovah by extermination of heathen tribes, but to advance Ideals of civilization. Men of different language and religious belief will be found, therefore, undpr one flag, as their real or supposed interests lie. The Irish Catholic, who is hardly a human being in the eye of the Boers, bestirs himself to aid their cause. The Hepburn bill contemplates gov ernment construction Instead of a lump contract with a syndicate. This step in largely dictated by popular aversion to corporate influences, which breaks out in ridiculous places sometimes, but is based upon a sound Instinct. It is bet ter that the canal should cost some what more under government as com pared with a contract, thar that any immense corporation can get what it wants of congress for the asking. Here we see popular government at work, imperfectly, it is true, but to noble ends. It ig a companion 'phenomenon to the dread of militarism In England and the United States, one of whose awkward manifestations Is the unpre pared state we are found in at every war. . Mr. Warde, with his excellent com pany, has completed one of the most successful dramatic engagements irt the history of Portland; and he emi nently deserves all he gets. His quali ties of mind and heart, and they are those of a courteous and high-mmdad gentleman, and an actor of unsur passed conscientiousness, are such as tj make for him wherever he goes friends who wish him every success. He has everything unless it be genius; and if Nature has withheld this, the denial reflects no credit upon her judg ment. British subjects who fought In our Cuban army are being enlisted at Lon don. These are the men aimed at, ap parently, In the proposed amendments cutting off pensions from pensioners living abroad. It Is easy to Imagine cases where deserving pensioners, whose homes were in Europe, should naturally return to their homes thfcre. This would not vitiate their desert as pensioners, but would effectually dis qualify them In congressional estima tion. They would have no votes. The assertion that Bryan has indi cated to Utah men a preference for a tariff on wool is not confirmed; but even If It could be proved, it would be unfair to ask him to tallc that way to his free-trade supporters in other sec tions. He ean hardly be expected to rise above the McKinley principle, which favors civil service reform to its friends, and to the Ohio politicians winks the other eye and turns a few more places in the classified list over to the spoilsmen. There Is not the slightest doubt that mpney paid to members of the legis lature carried Clark Into t-he United States senate. But where is the sena tor, who is the senator, whose skirts are clear? "The jury has among the sworn twelve more than one guiltier than him they try." Justification of the Natal censorship is found hi the fact that news of Brit ish movements are promptly cabled to the Boer authorities. Buller does not intend to tip his hand to the enemy. This is not pleasant for the stay-at-homes, and does not sell papers. But it Is war. Department stores are failing occa sionally here and there over the coun try. This is not because they are de partment stores, but because they are outwitted by some more clever compet itor. There's nothing in a name to make a business lose or prosper. Malletoa Tanus is the ehampion antl of the modern world. Civilization is to him an aggregation of fallings off from barbarism. This is anti-ism at ita log ical extreme. SHYtOCK AND RICrlARD III. Tlra presentation ot Shylock; and Rich ard HI on the theatric stage sts gests the question often dipeusrod, whether Shakespeare ment to portray an absolute villain in Shylosk as he unquestionably did hi Richard. Shylobk Js the -rrhole play, even as Rich ard is the overpotr erlng magnetic attrac tion of the play. It is common to hear the "Merchant of "Venice" spoken af as Shakespeare "finest comedy." . Without Shylock's trsraendous shape, the "Mer chant of Venice" hears no comparison m beauty and Interest frith such comedies as "Twelfth Night," "As You Like It." "The Tempest," "Measure for Measure," "Yvinter's Tale," or "iJuch Ado About Nothh-." Portia Is an artificial, rirosonte worcan compared with Olivia, Isabella, Cordelia, Desdemona jrl Imogen, while Jesslcp. is a pretty, trivial toy of a woman compared with Ylala, Miranda, Juilet, Rosalind or Beatrice. Without Shylock'a tenifle shape of Intellectual penv er and passion, the "Merchant of Venice" wonld be worse than "Hamlet," with the part of Hamlet left out. So of "Richard HT." Without that subtle, eatanW shape of majestic because deliberate, ruiflmehlng, unrepentins and to the last unrepentant, villainy, the play would be as intolerable as "Don Quixote," with Sancho Panza omitted. To return to Shylock. In our judgment, while bis name has become a sidewalk synonym for a hidebound miser and merci less money-lender, he cannot be counted among the absolute villains of Shake speare's art. He la not a villain at all, unless to become vindictive under the stress of ehameful abuse and indignity to hiB whole race is to be accepted as proof of villainy. The natural view of Shyloek Is that Shakespeare meant to pahit In him a man of powerful Intellect and intense pas sionate nature, who had been goaded Into, a state bf Inexorable and insane vindlc tlveness by the oppression, abuse and In sult that it was the brutal, ignorant habit of Christian Europe during the Middle Ages, after the first erusafie, to inflict on the Jew. The only absolute and hope less ingrained villains, villains from "the ground up," in Shakespeare, are Richard and lago. The other great villains o Shakespeare were all men who becamo demoralized through temptation and stress of clrcunistances. That is. they were nor, from childhood, utterly destitute of moral sense, but had once promised better than their ultimate performance. Macbeth always speaks In language that proves him to have been naturally a man of fine poetic Imagination and nervous sensibility; he had been for years a leyal and valiant soldier, and his conscience, his ambition and hi3 courage are always in a curious state of chaos. His ambition Is great, his courage is so high that It rises clear above his superstitious terrors in his fight with Macduff, but his conscience shrinks from Duncan's murder so strongly that but for his wife's superior nerve and ceaseless promptings, Macbeth would hardly have been a murderer. To Richard or lago murder was a mere matter of mathematical calculation of chances that involved no mental or moral struggle, but with Shakespeare's other villains, there is always some humanity left. The dying Edmund, in 'ear," Is repentant enough ef his crimea, so that he Is anxious to save the lives of Lear and Cordelia, whose execafclon he has ordered. Angelo, in "Measure for Measure," the king In "Ham let," and even King John show some capacity for repentance and remorse for wrong already wrought. But Shylock can not be considered as a picture o the vil lain absolute, like Richard or lago, or the villain conditional, like Macbeth. The chief passion of Shylock Is provoked by the wrongs done his people, "our sacred nation," as he terms It. Shylock shows intense love for his daughter, and natural disappointment, rage and anguish at her having robbed him to marry and enrich one of the hated race of Christians that never lost a chance to grind the face of a Jew. Shyloek clearly care3 much for his daughter and the memory of his wife, his lost Leah, whose ring Jessica has heartlessly sold for a monkey. These are not the traits of a mere miser or merciless usurer, and the exaction of a pound of flesh shows that Shylock cared nothing for maney compared with his de sire to be revenged upon an arrogant, bru tal, Ghrlstlan merchant, who had spit upon his beard, kicked him as If he was a strange dog, called him misbeliever and cutthroat. Antonio tells him that even IJ he lends hla friend the money he Is like to call hhn dos, kick him and spit upon him. The Jew naturally feels vindictive, and plots how he can, within the law, cut Antonio's heart out. In our day, Antonio would be in great danger of having hjs heart cut out, but Shylock had no rem edy at law against Antonio, and his only remedy, his only chance of revenge on his chronic perseeutor and insulter of his "sacred nation" was to intrigue within the law against his life. Antonio deserved death for his habitually brutal treatment ef Shylock, whose whole bearing and speech show him to have been a man of powerful mind, of high dfg- nlty and standing among his tribe, and on the whole, the most majestic figure In the play when ho pronounces his Impressive defense, beginning, "I am a Jew." In thla eloquent invective, Shakespeare meant to show hdw brutal must have been the treat ment of the Jews of his day, who were driven from England by the edict of Ed ward I. and not recalled until the time of Cromwell. Shakespeare meant to rebuke his age for inhumanity to Jews, when he mafie Shylock voice the wrongs of centuries. If Shakespeare had meant to degrade the Jew, he would have made Shylock a mere Sir Giles Overreach; but he did not make him either mean cr merciless, except as every patriot is mer ciless to a tyrant. -in THREE AXGEIiS. They say this life Is arren, drear and cold. Ever the same, sad eong was euns ol ofd. Ever the same long weary tats Is told. And to our Hps is held the cup of strife. And yet a Utile love can iweeten life. They sar cair hands ma erasp but Joys de stroyed, To-th has tut dreams, and age an adMn? void. Whose Dead -Sea fruit, lone, "long ago has cloyed. Whose nlcht -with wild tempestuous storms la rife And yet a little hope can brijjhten life. They cay we Sine ourselvca In -wild despair Amldet Che broken treasures scattered there, Where all Is wrecked, where all once promised fair; And atato ourselves with sorrow's two-edged .knife Aod'yet a little patience strengthens life. Is It then true, this rale of hitter grief. Of mortal anguish finding no relief? to! mu3tthe winter shlnca the laurel's leaf: ThTee angels share the lot of human strife. Three angela glorify the path of life, Jxve. Hope and Tatlence cheer us on our way. Love. Hope and Patience form our spirit's stay. Love, Hope and Patience watch us day by day. And bid the desert bloom with beauty vernal Until the earth fades la the eternal. F. S., In Temple Bar. THE SEA IS THINE. AXD THOU 1LU3EST IT- Lord of the vast Inconstant sea. Lord of Jts creatures, great and small. Thy Etaadfaat arm unaaaalagly With Isrirg-klndncatr keepefh all. TMne are the aisles emlwwered m palm Rlng-glrt with -now-white coral sand. Sesmtms with aromatic bairn The trade-wind traversing- the land. Where, mirrored In the still lagoon. The ecco and pandanns rise, And, driven by the 0trong monsoon. The Icapl r breaker smites, and dies. The ceaseless challenge of the seas Thy reefs. Impregnable, defy; Sfely defended, thas at eas Sunlit, thy psacefal atolts Mv Thtne are the Islands ot the north, 3an!d -with comber spruce and pln. WTose reeky buttresses Jut forth Into the chill and ethtagr brine. There dripping rr-ckwee Mfta and falls In cadence, za the surges beat. Hesonndlng, where the pea-gull cb!13. And beetli-g cliff and shiAgie meet. Thy flowtnir tide acrass the stralta With rippled front make good its way. And. while the eager salmon waits. Unlocks the shallows e the bay. Or, where the hlue and splintered wall Of glacier-foot defends the shore, The Ice-front topples to lta fall. The black cliffs echoing Its roar. Forth -on the besom of the tide. Out to the eddies of the sea, Sfajestical. the Iceberg ride Toward transformations yet to be. Out by the reefs where otters slept. By rocks where herded walrus groan. Where the great auk aforetime kept. Last of the race, her wateh alone; Into the Immemorial deep They pasn. and vanish, dropping slow Their harvest, garnered on the steep. Into the silent depths below. And stilt thy steady tides gow on, Responsive to the whirling spheres Celestlan; and their courses run 1 Threugh the Innumerable years. Food for thy ereatarei small and great In every clime they surely bear. However paltry Its estate. To each one Its appointed share. XJuly thy boundaries are set For all thy broad, unfathomed seas. Nor may the towering surge forget The smallest of thy mysteries. Lord of the breaker and the reef. Lord of the wide abysmal main. We read thee in each rustling leaf. Each atom from the dusty plain. Thy wondreua artifice we know , In all thy handiwork to be; , Tet, above all. thy glories show Supreme In thine eternal sea. William "H. Dall In Chrtattan Register. Behrlngr Sea, July, 1800. "JUSTUM ET TEXACEM." The quiet clouds, the quiet air. The calm that haunts us everywhere In these broad fields, where sunlight sees Our homely cattle at their ease; The woods, whose leaves of golden brown Glide noiseless; as they flutter down; The full, smooth river, seldom 3tlrrd Save from within, that flows unheard In Irresistible advance; And. over all this fair expanse. The steadfast hills, that silently Stand up against a silent sky; Are these the things for you and ma To look upon, or care to see Amid the tumult of a. war? yes; for they tcaeh us what we are. Or what we should be; every charm Of outward Nature, every warm And tender passion that expands At sight of these familiar lands. Speaks of the duty that we owe To what we feel and what we know. Were It not well to have at length Silence, and steadfastness, and strength; Like Nature. In her woods and hilts. To stand' unscared by doubt and ills. Or. like her river?, move akrac Ineffably serene and strong; Tranquil. In victory or defeat. Until the day's work be complete? Fools may make merry o'er our leas. And even the wise may reel across That line, so often tinged with blood. Which parts the-evil from the good; But we, a nation such as we. United, and resolved to see A Present worthy of our Past. We through each startling thunder blast May still In confidence abide. Untouched by petulance or pride. Till happier years shall make It plain That we, too. have not wrought In vain- Arthur Munby. In The Spectator. 3IY FAIR rHPEIUALIST. The policy of conquering She said she thought was right; Our starry banner she would flteg To universal sight. 'Twas "destiny" quite "manifest," And ours, by right of race. Each alien eountry to Invest: Yes, we should set the pace. The doctrine-, "might makes right." she vowed. Should be emblazoned high; Of car success we stjould be preud We rule, while others Ife. 'Twas wtcked to be critical. Perfection to expect; She thought that "territorial Aggresolon" was correct. She's too ambitious In her pride Of race and policy; In conquering, I'd be satisfied II she'd begin on me. Tom Masaon. In tha New Llpplncott. LOVE A7TD JOT. I sing of love that sorrow ne'er has known. Love that has dwelt with gladness from Its birth. Love that has made more bright the gracious earth. And given every scng a tender tone. Within my heart have I upreared. a, throne And set this Iote thereon with buoyant mirth. And much that seemed before c Mttle worth. Soft-3unnad by it to beauty stranga has- grown. That which was I erewhlle Is I no mora; The alchemist love a wondrous change has wrought. And In my roul now lurks no base alloy. I hdve cast off the bands that thralled before; The gold of love hath purlfled my thought. And joy my sovereign, for love te Joy. Clinton Scollard. THE DAT OF BATTLE. Far I hear the busle blow To call me where I would not go, And the grins begin the song. "Soldier, fly or stay for leng." Comrade. If to turn and fly Made a soldier never die. Fly I would, for who would not? "Tls sure no pleasure to be shot. But since the man that runs away Lives to die another day. And cowards' funerals, when, ithey eome. Are net wept eo well at home. Therefore, though the best ia bad. Stand and do the best, my lad: Stand and fight and see your slain. And take the bullet In your brain. -From "A Shropshire Lad," A. E. Houaman. A GRAY DAT. All day the sea, dull-hcavtag; Moaned low like one who alls. While specter handa were weaving A veil o'er distant sails. All day with drooping feather And wiB3 devoid of gleam. The seablrds. grouped together, Forcbere to wheel and scream. Salt-arms and river-reaches Were glazed and leaden-hoed. And haunting sodden beaehes Went gray-haired Solttude. . . Lest loves end sins long hWden, Through eome unguarded e&te. Entered the soul unbidden And made men desolate. Roderick Quton, I