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Obama Sharpens his Nuclear Posture
I’m holding
my applause
by P eter
W eiss
Soon after Presi­
dent Barack Obama
beg an his first
term, he called for a
w o rld free o f
nuclear weapons.
His address, which
qu ick ly becam e
known as Obama’s
Prague Speech, helped him win the
2009 Nobel Peace Prize.
Then, he dropped the ball.
The Pentagon finally follow ed
up in late June with a strange docu­
ment that fails to explain how
O bam a intends to m ake progress
tow ard full nuclear disarm am ent.
Even though the R eport on
N uclear Em ploym ent Strategy of
the United States doesn’t do that,
it still should have been news.
Instead, the m ainstream media
took a pass.
In the past, these docum ents,
the last o f which the Pentagon
issu e d in 2 0 1 0 , w e re c a lle d
“N uclear Posture R eview s.’’ They
focused largely on the role of
nuclear weapons for deterrence.
Now for the first tim e the word
“em ploym ent” — another word
for “use” — is in the title.
Is this a not-so-subtle way of
telling our enem ies, actual and
potential, that we are not afraid to
use these weapons o f mass
annihilation?
To drive hom e that point,
the report states that, while
the “2010 N uclear Posture
R e v ie w e s ta b lis h e d th e
(O bam a) a d m in istra tio n ’s
goal o f m aking deterrence of
a nuclear attack the sole pur­
p o se o f U .S . n u c le a r
w eapons...w e cannot adopt such
a policy today.”
Instead, this report explains,
“the new guidance re-iterates the
intention to work towards that goal
over tim e.”
W hat are the other purposes of
U.S. nuclear weapons besides try­
ing to stop nuclear attacks by oth­
ers?
Alas, the report doesn’t really
say. Instead, it vaguely states that
while the threat o f global nuclear
w ar has becom e rem ote since the
Cold W ar ended, the risk of nuclear
attack has increased.
P re su m a b ly , th is re fe rs to
nuclear weapons in the hands of
te rro rists rath e r than g o v e rn ­
ments. But it doesn’t explain how
U.S. nuclear weapons could be
“em ployed” to deter the use o f
nuclear w eapons by, for instance,
al-Qaeda.
The phrase “new guidance” ap­
pears repeatedly in the report. But
it leaves readers guessing about
the nature o f such guidance as it
relates to the m ost im portant goal
o f U.S. nuclear-weapons strategy:
“strategic stability” with Russia
and China.
The report indicated that our
governm ent is sticking with its
longtim e concept o f “extended
deterrence,” a com m itm ent to also
use our nuclear arsenal for the
benefit o f U.S. allies and partners.
But what does “partners” mean in
this context? The report doesn’t
say.
And it looks like the govern­
m ent rem ains sold on the idea that
it m ust m aintain a stockpile of
non-deployed nuclear warheads
in case deterrence with deployed
ones should fail.
There are other m ysteries.
The P entagon’s report states,
“The new guidance m akes clear
that all plans m ust also be consis­
tent with the fundam ental prin­
ciples o f the Law o f Arm ed C on­
flict. A ccordingly p la n s ...w ill
seek to m inim ize collateral dam ­
age to civilian populations and
civilian objects.”
T hus, p lans fo r the use o f
nuclear weapons are being made,
but the planners have been given
the self-evidently im possible task
o f m inim izing collateral damage.
T h ere’s more.
In February, G erm any spon­
sored a conference in Berlin on
c re a tin g the c o n d itio n s fo r a
n u c le a r-w e a p o n s -fre e w o rld .
W ashington didn’t participate.
In M arch, Norw ay held a con­
ference in Oslo on the H um anitar­
ian Im pact o f N uclear W eapons.
Delegates from 127 countries at­
tended. None were from the United
States.
In M ay, the W orking Group on
N uclear D isarm am ent created by
the UN General Assem bly held its
first m eetin g in G eneva. The
U nited States skipped it.
O bam a’s recent declaration in
Berlin that W ashington m ight be
willing to reduce its stockpile of
more than 1,500 deployed nuclear
w arheads by one-third to 1,000
drew applause from some arms-
control supporters. I ’m holding
my applause until he demonstrates
the political will to work on the
goal o f scrapping nuclear w eap­
ons altogether.
Peter Weiss is the President
Emeritus o f the Lawyers Committee
on Nuclear Policy.