^ÎJortktub (Obavnier Black History Month
February 20, 2008
Page AS
B lack H istory M onth
Early Voice for Abolition Took Risks
Was jailed and
beaten in fight
against slavery
Editor of the National Philanthro­
pist, a paper dedicated to abstinence
from alcohol.
In 182'9, he met an abolitionist
named Benjamin Lundy. The two of
them had equal enthusiasm regard­
ing the issue of slavery. Garrison did
Ros W eber
F or the P ortland O bserv er
by
landed at nearby Baltimore.
After seven weeks of imprison­
ment and much publicity. Garrison
was bailed out of jail. But Lundy
cared little for the chaotic circus of
atten tio n that the incarceration
brought and they agreed to go their
separate ways.
In 1830, Garrison
d e liv ered three in­
tense lectures on the
sinfulness of slavery
h o ld e rs. He then
launched the Libera­
tor with his new part­
ner Isaac Knapp. The
new paper carried the
motto, “Our Country,
our Whole Country,
and nothing but our
W hile the historic Lewis
and Clark Expedition spent
another dismal rainy day
bartering with Indians and
approaching the Pacific
O cean, a seem ingly un­
eventful birth was occur­
ring across the country. In
M assach u setts, W illiam
Lloyd Garrison was born.
W hile these two events
would appear unconnected,
a closer look might change
yourmind. While the Lewis
and Clark trek included a
black man named York,
that very same day would
b rin g a n o th e r “ b la c k ”
event.
Born to Canadian par­
ents, Garrison settled into
Newburyport, Mass, as a
c h ild . H is fie ry New
Brunswick mother gener­ William Lloyd Garrison wrote passionately for abolition o f slavery.
ally had the job of raising
him. His father spent most of his the editing work and Lundy went on Country.”
adult life as a sea captain.
to lecture and bring in subscriptions.
G arrison’s passion boiled over in
W hile his family decided on a Their paper was called the Genius. writing these words: “I am in ear­
shoem aker’s career for Garrison,
While Lundy focused on the idea nest. I will not equivocate. I will not
he had other ideas. At 14, Garrison of gradual emancipation of slaves excuse. I will not retreat a single
started a jo u rn alism career that and their moving to back to Africa, inch, and I will be heard.”
would keep him fired up until his Garrison stressed the need for im­
He gained a large following in
death many decades later.
m ediate freedom for A m erica’s London, but not without a lot of pain
His passion for the written word slave population and their remaining and suffering. Americans in favor
became very clear well before his here in the United States.
o f slavery mounted a campaign to
20th birthday. Finding Newburyport
As Boston was a slave trade cen­ shut down his paper. In the mid
too small for his opinions on the ter, their new spaper drew much 1830s they heard Garrison was plan­
abolition of slavery. Garrison went anger and criticism. ,G arrison was ning rallies that supported the rights
on to Boston. Here, he started as a charged with libel and fined $50 for of women and blacks. Garrison was
journeym an printer and moved up to criticizing a shipment of slaves that drug from a rope by a mob of angry
protesters through the streets of
Boston. He was finally jailed for his
own safety.
At the end of the Civil War in
1865 when slavery was abolished.
Garrison knew his career as an abo­
litionist was finally over. While he
knew of the need to monitor the
progress of the new rights of Afri­
can Americans, the Liberator had
run its course and was shut down
after 35 years of fiery rhetoric.
After a lifetime of service to the
liberation of African Americans and
to wom en’s rights. Garrison died on
May 24, 1879 at the age of 74.
As a white man who risked life
and limb for minorities, Garrison
made a huge mark in our history
books. While no one can ever really
I am in earnest. I will
not equivocate. I will not
excuse. I will not retreat
a single inch, and I will
be heard.
-William Lloyd Garrison
know why he took such risks, there
is one thing we know for sure. Gar­
rison truly forced an entire nation to
take a closer look at what he called
our “sins.”
Without the tremendous efforts
of Garrison and other abolitionists,
human bondage and the struggle for
w om en's rights might have contin­
ued for decades longer than they
did. To stand up against overbearing
odds the way William Lloyd G arri­
son did takes a kind heroism and
uncommon valor that is rarely ever
found.
Civil Rights
Leaders Quiz
Test your knowledge o f leaders
in the Civil Rights Movement;
select one o f the multiple-choice
answers fo r each question.
1. Who triggered a boycott of the
Montgomery, Alabama bus systems
in 1955, when she refused to give up
her seat to a white passenger on a
bus?
2. Who was the first African-Ameri­
can woman to serve in the United
States Congress?
3. Who was the first African-Ameri­
can justice of he Supreme Court of
the United States?
4. Who became in 1977 the leader
of the Nation of Islam, a religious
organization that favors racial sepa­
ration, Black Nationalism and eco­
nomic independence for African
Americans?
5. Who was known as the Nation of
Islam's most effective minister until
he broke from the group in 1964 and
formed his own group, the Organi­
zation of Afro-American Unity?
6. Who was the main leader of the
Civil Rights Movement in the United
States during the 1950s and 1960s,
and won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize
for leading nonviolent civil-rights
demonstrations?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Shirley Chisholm
Louis Farrakhan
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Thurgood Marshall
Rosa Louise Parks
Malcolm X
Answer Key:
1. e
2. a
3. d
4. b
5 -f
6. c
Youth Summit
PACT Parents and
~ In v ite d G uests ~
Children Together
Jefferson High School Seniors
Principal and Supporter:
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j efferson High School
Keynote Speaker:
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Faculty and Parents
Hosted By:
•
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