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February 20. 2 0 0 8
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2
PHOTO COURTESY OE THE O R EG O N HISTORICAL SOCIETY
This 1943 photograph o f a racially segregated U.S. military unit shows men sitting together in an unnamed
Portland auditorium.
Front for Civil Rights Advancement
Military units become integrated
In 1940, with the passage of open the nation’s armed ser-
the Selective Training and Ser­ vices to equal participation by
"Always Service With A Smile''
6444 NE Martin Luther King Blvd.
vice Act, efforts were made to able-bodied men.
And. upon Am erica’s entry
into World War II, African
Americans were courted by
the federal government to take
an active role in the effort to
d efeat fascism . U n fo rtu ­
nately, black men whoenlisted
in the U.S. armed forces found
them selves racially se g re ­
gated, under the leadership of
white officers, often relegated
to non-com bat duties, sub­
jected to racial quotas and
denied the full range of career
opportunities made available
to their white counterparts.
The leadership of the U.S.
armed services defended their
You see, w hen we w ent into business we
In a business where things seemingly stay
racial policies as being in com-
aspired to be so far and away the best
the same, a change has taken place. A
p lia n c e w ith P lessy v.
that a new level of excellence was to be
change that may raise the bar on the
Ferguson, the Supreme Court
created. We w ould like you to know that
level of service a family can experience
d e c isio n that allow ed for
we've achieved our goal.
from a funeral home.
“separate but equal" facilities
and treatment for whites and
2337 N Williams Ave
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(503)
249-1788
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R R Y F A M IL Y 1
FU N ERA L H O M
T
non-whites. They also ratio­
nalized their discrim ination of
A frican-A m erican so ldiers
due to the latter’s supposed
inferiority in armed combat
and intelligence.
Many noted the irony of the
United States defending the
world from the aggression of
a racist Nazi regime with a
racially segregated military.
Efforts like the “ Double
V ic to ry J” cam paign, made
popular by the Courier, a black
newspaper based in Pittsburgh,
called for victory against racist
fascism both abroad and do­
mestically. And civil-rights ad­
vocates, led by influential play­
ers such as activist A. Philip
Randolph and former U.S. Dis­
trict Court Judge William H.
Hastie, pressured the U.S. gov­
ernm ent to desegregate the
armed forces completely.
While the armed forces re­
mained thoroughly segregated
throughout the duration of
W orld W ar II. the m ilitary
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4234 N Interstate Ave, Portland, Oregon 97217
(503) 281-6388
Saluting Black
History Month
O wner. J a c k C h u n g
TttxrjjnkL c S jt a f i
7410 NE MLK, Portland, Oregon 97211
(503) 285-1230
Commercial and Residential
came under increasing scru­
tiny after 1945, when General
G eorge C. M arshall estab­
lished the “Gillem Board” to
study the racial policies of the
U.S. Army. Although it failed
to endorse desegregation, the
Gillem Board did call for the
Army to “provide more op­
portunities for qualified blacks
based on m erit.”
President Truman went fur­
ther in 1948 by issuing Execu­
tive Order No. 9981, which
called for “equal treatment and
o p p o rtu n ity ” for A frican-
American servicemen. Unfor­
tunately, conservative military
leaders were reluctant to follow
the orders of the president.
Desegregation efforts in the
arm ed fo rces were under­
taken slowly until 1950. when
hostilities with Soviet-backed
North Korea erupted into full-
scale war. The renewal of the
draft, com bined with race-
blind, battlefield-driven needs,
finally created the conditions
needed to overcom e the resis­
tance of segregationists w ithin
the military.
As the w ar dragged on,
more and more soldiers found
themselves fighting and work­
ing in racially integrated units.
In O ctober o f 1954. the U.S.
S e c re ta ry o f D efense an­
nounced that the last segre­
gated unit of the military had
been dissolved.
C hase & W eil, L L P
Salutes
Black H istory
M onth
G erald M. G hase
R ich a rd L. W eil
A tto rn e y s at L a w
722 SW 2 n d A ve. S u ite 2 4 0
P o rtla n d O re g o n 9 7 2 0 4
P h o n e 5 03 -2 9 4 -1 4 1 4
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