ilu ^ìnrtlanb © bseruer
February 15. 2006
PagcA5
BLACK HISTORY MONTH and the American Experience
Cry for Justice Ends
in Police Attack
tro o p ers w aiting for them . A s the
dem onstrators crossed the bridge lead
ing out o f Selm a, they w ere ordered to
disperse, but the troopers did not wait
for their w arning to be headed. T hey
im m ediately attacked the crow d o f
people w ho had bow ed their heads in
prayer.
U sing tear gas and batons, the troop-
ers c h ased the d em o n strato rs to a
black housing project, w here they con
tinued to beat the dem onstrators as
w ell as residents o f the project w ho
had not been at the m arch.
Selma to Montgomery: 1965
O utrag ed o v er the killing o f a d e m
o n strato r by a state tro o p er in M arion.
A lab am a, the black co m m u n ity o f
M arion d ecid ed to hold a m arch. M ar
tin L u th er K ing ag reed to lead the
m archers on S unday, M arch 7, 1965
from Selm a to M o ntgom ery, the state
capital, w here they w ould appeal d i
rectly to g o v ern o r W allace to stop
p o lice brutality an d call atten tio n to
th eir struggle for voting rights.
W hen G ov. W allace refused to a l
low the m arch. Dr. K ing w ent to
W ashington to speak w ith President
Johnson, delaying the dem onstration
until M arch X. H ow ever, the people o f
S elm a could not wait and they began
the m arch on Sunday.
W hen the m archers reached the
city line, they found a posse o f state
tality and den ied
black Am ericans
on a trek Sunday,
from Selm a, Alabam a
ca pita l o f M ontgomery.
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Diversity in Civil Rights Struggle
The Rev. Robert Graetz (left), a Lutheran pastor, was the only white
m e m b e r o f the M ontgom ery Im provem ent A ssociation. The group was
h e a d e d by then 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. (right) an d included
R o sa Parks, the African-American w om an w h o se refusal to give up her
b u s s e a t to a white p e rso n sp a rk e d a b u s boycott an d help ed launch the
m odern Civil Rights m o vem en t.
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An Extraordinary
Woman of Courage
by J une
P otter A costa
D uring the final years o f the C ivil
W ar, there had em erg ed o n to the
A m erican scene a w om an o f color,
a fo reru n n er o f the voices and p er
sonalities o f the Civil R ights m o v e
m ent o f the 1960s and 70s.
Ida Bell W ells w as horn in
th esm allco m m u n ity o fH o lly !
Springs. Miss, on July 16. 1 O
IX62.the firstborn and eldest
daughter of James and Eli/a- |
beth W ells w ho w ere not
perm itted to m arry legally at
the tim e hy S outhern laws.
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Follo w ing the end the R econ
stru ctio n in the co nquered South,
the h ideous practice o f lynching w as
launched, m eted out largely by the
Ku Klux Kian.
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W ells left the South
~ M em phis, w here
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enslav er, w ho o w ned a plan-
tation in T ippah C ou n ty , and
„
lda B' Wells
MttaMSItMMS
she hail settled anil
I o i i i h I a home c\cn
îî-MCue
where she met her
f u tu r e
husband,
Ferdidand Barnett, an
attorney.a writerand
. • T v B J F - e d ito r of a sm all
.'¿W newspaper, the ( on
W ells’ father was first
child of an elderly master
a black slave nam ed Peggy w ho
ch erish ed him and did well by him .
She w as fortunate to grow up in
a loving fam ily. W ells n o u rish ed ,
and w as able to attend a new ly
founded institution. Shaw U n iv er
sity, w here she w as trained to be a
te a c h e r.
O u tsp o k en and opin io n ated early
in life, she w as bold eno u g h to sue
the T en n essee R ailw ay Co. at the
age o f 20 w hen she had settled
h e rse lf in the w hite section o f a train
she w as riding and w as forceably
rem oved. She won her law suit; ho w
ev er, the decision w as o v ertu rn ed
later by the Suprem e C ourt.
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. . .
m g about the in ju s
tices for A frican A m ericans drew
them together.
W ells w as also a suffragette for
the w o m e n ’s right to vote and a
friend and ally o f Susan B. A nthony.
T h e ir g oals w ere identical; ju stic e
for hlack people and equal rights for
w om en.
She w as one o f the founding m em
bers o f the N A A C P. in 1910. A l
w ays, she advanced the ideas o f
self-h elp for her people, the value o f
ed u catio n, and faith in G od.
W ells lived through en orm ous
c h a n g e s in her c o u n try and the
w orld. S h ed ied in C hicago in 19 3 1 at
the age o f 69.
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