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Civil Rights Leader, Judge Remembered
America while touching in her 1992 book, "In My Place.”
off resistance across the But she would "suddenly threw a
country and leading to curve ball with so much skill and
som e o f the ra c ia l power that she would knock them
off their chair.”
clashes of the 1960s.
Motley also argued the 1957 case
In the early 1960s, she
personally argued the in Little Rock. Ark., that led Presi­
well the first one elected
Meredith case as well dent Eisenhower to call in federal
to the New York state
as the suit that resulted troops to protect nine black stu­
Senate.
in the enrollment of two dents at Central High.
Motley, who would
Also in the early 1960s, she suc­
black students at the
have celebrated her 40th
cessfully argued for 1,000 school
University of Georgia.
a n n iv e rsa ry on the
“Mrs. M otley’s style children to be reinstated in Birming­
bench next year, died
could be deceptive, of­ ham, Ala., after the local school
Sept.28 o f congestive
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. chats with his wife
ten allowing a witness boardexpelled them for demonstrat­
heart failure. She was 84.
Coretta (left) and civil rights champion
to get away with one lie ing. She represented "Freedom Rid­
Motley won nine of
Constance Baker Motley before the start o f a
after another without ers” who rode buses to test the
10 civil rights cases she
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
challenging him,” one Supreme C ourt's 1960 ruling pro­
argued before the Su­ Constance Baker Motley
banquet on Aug. 9, 1965, in Birmingham, Ala.
of the students, journal­ hibiting segregation in interstate
preme Court.
She spent two decades with the 1950, she prepared the draft com- all believed that our time had come ist Charlayne Hunter-Gault, wrote transportation.
N A A CP’s Legal Defense and Edu­ plaintforwhat would become Brown and that we had to go forward.”
The Supreme Court ruled in her
cational Fund, started out there in v. Board of Education.
In her autobiography, "Equal and her colleagues’ favor in 1954 in
1945 as a law clerk to Thurgood
Marshall, then its chief counsel and Justice Under Law,” Motley said a decision credited with toppling
later a Supreme Court justice. In defeat never entered her mind. "We p u b lic sch o o l se g re g a tio n in
M ich ael E. Harper, Sr.
Advocate toppled
segregation in court
(A P) — W hen she was 15,
C on stan ce B aker M otley was
turned away from a public beach
because she was black. It was only
then - even though her mother was
active in the NAACP - that the
teenager really became interested
in civil rights.
She went to law school and found
herself lighting racism in landmark
segregation cases including Brown
v. Board of Education, the Central
High School case in Arkansas and
the case that let James Meredith
enroll at the University of Missis­
sippi.
Motley also broke barriers her­
self: She was the first black woman
appointed to the federal bench, as
Unity Sought after Katrina
Racial Imbalance on Death Row
Millions More
March
Supported
Less value placed on minority victims
AP) — Nation of Islam leader
Louis Farrakhan said the suffer­
ing of Hurricane Katrina victims
has brought black Americans to­
gether.
Farrakhan said that ju st as
Democrats and Republicans came
together after the Sept. 11,2001
terrorist attacks; black Americans
of all religions must join forces to
help hurricane victims.
“Katrina is our reason,” he said
at a church last week, urging the
hundreds of attendees to trans­
form any anger into “construc­
tive energy to channel the move­
ment.”
The movement is his Millions
More Movement, formerly the
Million Man March, which will
commemorate its 10th anniversary
with a Saturday, Oct. 15 rally on
the National Mall in Washington,
DC.
The rally will include women,
unlike the 1995 M illion Man
March, which drew thousands of
people to Washington. Farrakhan
said the upcoming rally will in­
clude a range of black organiza­
tions and religious groups.
Clifford Kelley, a former Chi­
cago alderman who hosts a radio
talk show, said those who sup­
port the Millions More Movement
and Farrakhan do not need to be
Muslim.
“We should all be involved in
this,” Kelley said. “This is not
about religion, it is about unity.”
Farrakhan has spent the last
several months touring cities to
encourage people to travel to the
nation’s capital for the march.
(AP) — M ore condem ned men
and women are on C alifornia’s
death row for killing w hites than
for m urdering people o f any other
race, despite there being more
black and Hispanic m urder vic­
tim s, according to a new study.
The study in the Santa Clara
Law Review tallied the races of
California homicide victims in the
1990s.
It co n clu d ed susp ects w ho
m urdered w hites w ere alm ost-
four tim es m ore likely to be se n ­
tenced to death than those w ho
killed H ispanics, and three tim es
m ore likely to be sen tenced to
d eath than th o se w ho k ille d
blacks.
“T o put it bluntly, th e re ’s ap ­
paren tly d iffe re n t values being
placed on victim s from d iffe r­
ent racial and ethnic g ro u p s,”
said N o rth e a ste rn U n iv ersity
crim inal ju stice professor Glenn
P ierce, a co -au th o r o f the study.
" T h a t’s w hat the pattern w ould
s u g g e s t.”
W hen it cam e to the race o f the
defendant, the study concluded
race did not contribute signifi-
cantly to w hether prosecutors
sought the death penalty or ju ­
rors recom m ended death.
Instead, it was the race o f the
victim that was param ount.
Pierce said his conclusions mir­
rored studies in other states.
T he study a lso n o ted that
som e co u n tie s, p a rtic u la rly ru ­
ral o n e s , is s u e d d e a th s e n ­
te n c e s d is p ro p o rtio n a te ly to
m etro p o litan areas.
“The decision o f who will live
and who will die in California turns
on arbitrary and unlawful factors
such as the race and ethnicity of
the m urder victim or the location
where the m urder was com m it­
ted,” said Ellen Kreitzberg, a Santa
Clara university professor.
In 1987, the U.S.SupremeCourt,
ruling in a Georgia case, said stud­
ies like C alifo rn ia’s were not
g ro u n d s fo r re v e rsin g d eath
cases, unless racial bias could be
proven by an individual defen­
dant.
C alifornia has 645 inm ates on
death row. It has executed 11
people since reinstating the death
penalty in 1977.
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