Martin Luther King Jr. Special Edition
(Thv P ortland (Phseruer
January /9, 2000
"A
C A LL
TO
C28
A C T IO N
King Delivers Dream Speech
(Editor's note: Martin Luther
King Jr. delivered the following
speech on the steps o f the Lincoln
Memorial, Washington D.C., Au
gust 28, 1963:)
Five score years ago, a great Amer
ican, in whose symbolic shadow we
stand signed the Emancipation Proc
lamation. This momentous decree
came as a great beacon light o f hope
to millions o f Negro slaves who had
been seared in the flames o f wither
ing injustice. It came as a joyous
daybreak to end the long night of
captivity.
But one hundred years later, we
must face the tragic fact that the
Negro is still not free. One hundred
years later, the life o f the Negro is
still sadly crippled by the manacles
o f segregation and the chains o f dis
crimination.
One hundred years later, the Ne
gro lives on a lonely island o f poverty
in the midst of a vast ocean o f mate
rial prosperity. One hundred years
later, the Negro is still languishing in
the comers o f American society and
finds himself an exile in his own
land. So we have come here today to
dramatize an appalling condition.
In a sense we have come to our
nation’s Capitolto cash a check. When
the architects of our republic wrote
the magnificent words o f the Consti
tution and the declaration o f Inde
pendence, they were signing a prom
issory note to which every American
was to fall heir. This note was a
promise that all men would be guar
anteed the inalienable rights o f life,
liberty, and the pursuit o f happiness.
It is obvious today that America
has defaulted on this promissory note
insofar as her citizens o f color are
concerned. Instead o f honoring this
sacred obligation, America has giv
en the Negro people a bad check
which has come back marked “ insuf
ficient funds.” But we refuse to be
lieve that the bank o f justice is bank
rupt.
We refuse to believe that there are
insufficient funds in the great vaults
o f opportunity o f this nation. So we
have come to cash this check — a
check that will give us upon demand
the riches of freedom and the securi
ty o f justice. We have also come to
this hallowed spot to remind Ameri
ca o f the fierce urgency o f now. This
is no time to engage in the luxury of
cooling off or to take the tranquiliz-
ing drug of gradualism.
Now is the time to rise from the
dark and desolate valley o f segrega
tion to the sunlit path ofracial justice.
Now is the time to open the doors of
opportunity to all o f God’s children.
Now is the time to lift our nation from
the quicksands o f racial injustice to
the solid rock o f brotherhood.
It would be fatal for the nation to
overlook the urgency o f the moment
and to underestimate the determina
tion o f the Negro. This sweltering
summer o f the Negro’s legitimate
discontent w ill not pass until there is
an invigorating autumn o f freedom
and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is
not an end, but a beginning.
Those who hope that the Negro
needed to blow off steam and will
now be content w ill have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to
business as usual. There will be nei
ther rest nor tranquility in America
until the Negro is granted his citizen
ship rights. The whirlwinds o f revolt
w ill continue to shake the founda
tions o f our nation until the bright
day o f justice emerges.
But there is something that I must
say to my people who stand on the
warm threshold which leads into the
palace o f justice. In the process of
gaining our rightful place we must
not be guilty o f wrongful deeds. Let
us not seek to satisfy our thirst for
freedom by drinking from the cup of
bitterness and hatred.
We must forever conduct our
struggle on the high plane o f dignity
and discipline. We must not allow
our creative protest to degenerate
into physical violence. Again and
again we must rise to the majestic
heights o f meeting physical force
with soul force.
The marvelous new m ilitancy
-
jf
Police Chief Laurie Pritchett of Albany, Georgia, placing Martin Luther King, Jr., and Dr.
y.G. Anderson under arrest.
Violence erupted during a protest in Memphis, a week before
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated there.
Riots break
out as
onlookers are
suppressed
back by
Sheriffs
Rosa Parks, flanked by her attorney and a deputy, on her way to the jail. Parks refused to move from
her up-front seat on a bus in Montgomery, Ala. in 1955.
no, we are not satisfied, and we will
which has engulfed the Negro com
not be satisfied until justice rolls
munity must not lead us to distrust of
down like waters and righteousness
all white people, for many of our
like a mighty stream.
white brothers, as evidenced by their
I am not unmindful that some of
presence here today, have come to
you have come here out o f great trials
realize that their destiny is tied up
and tribulations. Some o f you have
with our destiny and their freedom is
come fresh from
inextricably bound
narrowcells. Some
to our freedom.
o f you have come
We cannot walk The whirlwinds of
from areas where
alone.
revolt will continue to your
quest for free
And as we walk,
we must make the shake the foundations dom left you bat
tered by the storms
pledge that we of our nation until the
o f persecution and
shall march ahead.
bright day o f justice
staggered by the
We cannot turn
w inds o f police
back. There are emerges.
those who are ask
. -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. brutality.
You have been
ing the devotees of
—
the veterans of cre
civil rights, “ When
ative suffering. Continue to work
will you be satisfied?” We can never
with the faith that unearned suffering
be satisfied as long as our bodies,
is redemptive.
heavy with the fatigue o f travel, can
Go back to Mississippi, go back to
not gain lodging in the motels o f the
Alabama,
go back to Georgia, go
highways and the hotels o f the cities.
back
to
Louisiana,
go back to the
We cannot be satisfied as long as the
slums
and
ghettos
o
f our northern
Negro’s basic mobility is from a
cities,
knowing
that
somehow this
smaller ghetto to a larger one.
situation
can
and
w
ill
be changed.
We can never be satisfied as long
Let
us
not
wallow
in
the
valley of
asaNegroin Mississippi cannot vote
despair.
and a Negro in New York believes he
I say to you today, my friends, that
has nothing for which to vote. No,
U
w
in spite o f the difficulties and frustra
tions o f the moment, I still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in
the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this
nation will rise up and live out the
true meaning o f its creed: “ We hold
these truths to be self-evident that all
men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the
red h i l Is of Georgia the sons o f former
slaves and the sons o f former slave
owners will be able to sit down to
gether at a table o f brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even
the state o f M ississippi, a desert state,
sweltering with the heat o f injustice
and oppression, w ill be transformed
into an oasis o f freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four chil
dren will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the
color o f their skin but by the content
o f their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the
state o f Alabama, whose governor’s
lips are presently drippmg with the
words o f interposition and nullifica
tion, will be transformed into a situ
ation where little black boys and
black girls will be able to join hands
with little white boys and white girls
and walk together as sisters and broth
ers.
I have a dream today. I have a
dream that one day every valley shall
be exalted, every hill and mountain
shall be made low, the rough places
will be made plain, and the crooked
places w ill be made straight, and the
glory o f the Lord shall be revealed,
and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith
with which I return to the South.
With this faith we w ill be able to hew
out ofthe mountain o f despair a stone
o f hope. With this faith we will be
able to transform the jangling dis
cords o f our nation into a beautiful
symphony o f brotherhood. With this
faith we will be able to work togeth
er, to pray together, to struggle to
gether, to go to ja il together, to stand
up for freedom together, knowing
that we will be free one day.
This will be the day when all o f
God’s children will be able to sing
with a new meaning, “ My country,
’tis o f thee, sweet land o f liberty, of
thee I sing. Land where my fathers
died, land ofthe pilgrim’s pride, from
every mountainside, let freedom
ring.”
And if America is to be a great
nation this must become true. So let
freedom ring from the prodigious
hilltops ofNew Hampshire. Let free
dom ring from the mighty mountains
ofN ew York. Let freedom ring from
the heightening Alleghenies o f Penn
sylvania!
Let freedom rin g from the
snowcapped Rockies o f Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curva
ceous peaks o f California!
But not only that; let freedom ring
from Stone Mountain o f Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout
Mountain o f Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill
and every molehill o f Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let free
dom ring.
When we let freedom ring, when
we let it ring from every village and
every hamlet, from every state and
every city, we will be able to speed
up that day when all o f G od’s chil
dren, black men and white men, Jews
and Gentiles, Protestants and Catho
lics, will be able to join hands and
sing in the words o f the old Negro
spiritual, “ Free at last! free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at
last!”