P age
Martin Luther King Jr. 1997
Cb
J ani u n 15, i w
• Tm P oku
AND O ksi k \ i k
King Delivers Dream Speech
(E d ito r’s note: Martin Luther
King Jr. delivered the follow ing
speech on the steps o f the Lin co ln
Memorial, Washington D .C ., A u ­
gust 28, 1963:)
Five score years ago, a great Am er­
ican, in whose symbolic shadow we
stand signed the Emancipation Proc­
lamation. This momentous decree
came as a great beacon light o f hope
to millions o f Negro slaves who had
been seared in the flames o f wither­
ing injustice. It came as a joyous
daybreak to end the long night of
captivity.
But one hundred years later, we
must face the tragic fact that the
Negro is still not free. One hundred
years later, the life o f the Negro is
still sadly crippled by the manacles
o f segregation and the chains o f dis­
crimination.
One hundred years later, the N e­
gro I i ves on a lonely island o f poverty
in the midst o f a vast ocean o f mate­
rial prosperity. One hundred years
later, the Negro is still languishing in
the comers o f American society and
finds him self an exile in his own
land. So we have come here today to
dramatize an appalling condition.
In a sense we have come to our
nation’s capital to cash a check. When
the architects o f our republic wrote
the magnificent words o f the Consti­
tution and the declaration o f Inde­
pendence, they were signing a prom­
issory note to which every American
was to fall heir. This note was a
promise that all men would be guar­
anteed the inalienable rights o f life,
liberty, and the pursuit o f happiness.
It is obvious today that America
has defaulted on this promissory note
insofar as her citizens o f color are
concerned. Instead o f honoring this
sacred, obligation, Am erica has g iv­
en the Negro people a bad check
which has come back marked “ insuf­
ficient funds.” But we refuse to be­
lieve that the bank o f justice is bank­
rupt.
We refuse to believe that there are
insufficient funds in the great vaults
o f opportunity o f this nation. So we
have come to cash this check — a
check that w ill give us upon demand
the riches o f freedom and the securi­
ty o f justice. We have also come to
this hallowed spot to remind Am eri­
ca o f the fierce urgency o f now. This
is no time to engage in the luxury o f
cooling o ff or to take the tranquiI iz-
ing drug o f gradualism.
Now is the time to rise from the
dark and desolate valley o f segrega­
tion to the sunlit path o f racial justice.
Now is the time to open the doors o f
opportunity to all o f G od ’s children.
Now is the time to lift our nation from
the quicksands o f racial injustice to
the solid rock o f brotherhood.
It would be fatal for the nation to
overlook the urgency o f the moment
and to underestimate the determina­
tion o f the Negro Th is sweltering
summer o f the Negro’s legitimate
discontent w ill not pass until there is
an invigorating autumn o f freedom
and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is
not an end, but a beginning.
Those who hope that the Negro
needed to blow o ff steam and w ill
now be content w ill have a rude
awakening if the nation returns to
business as usual. There w ill be nei­
ther rest nor tranquility in America
until the Negro is granted his citizen­
ship rights. The whirlwinds o f revolt
w ill continue to shake the founda­
tions o f our nation until the bright
day o f justice emerges.
But there is something that I must
say to my people who stand on the
warm threshold which leads into the
palace o f justice. In the process o f
gaining our rightful place we must
not be guilty o f wrongful deeds. Let
us not seek to satisfy our thirst for
freedom by drinking from the cup o f
bitterness and hatred.
We must forever conduct our
struggle on the high plane o f dignity
and discipline We must not allow
our creative protest to degenerate
into physical violence. Again and
again we must rise to the majestic
heights o f meeting physical force
with soul force.
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Top Left: Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his “I Have a Dream
Speech" during the 1963 March on Washington.
Bottom Left: Martin Luther King (in robe) prepares to speak on the
steps o f the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
no, we are not satisfied, and we will
which has engulfed the Negro com­
not be satisfied until justice rolls
munity must not lead us to distrust o f
down like waters and righteousness
all white people, for many o f our
like a mighty stream.
white brothers, as evidenced by their
I am not unmindful that some o f
presence here today, have come to
you have come here out o f great trials
realize that their destiny is tied up
and tribulations. Some o f you have
with our destiny and their freedom is
come fresh from
inextricably bound
narrowcells. Some
to our freedom.
The
whirlwinds
of
o f you have come
We cannot walk
alone.
revolt will continue to from areas where
your quest for free­
And as we walk,
shake
the
foundations
dom left you bat­
we must make the
tered by the storms
p led ge that we of our nation until the
o f persecution and
shall march ahead.
bright
day
of
justice
staggered by the
We cannot turn
emerges.
w inds o f police
back. There are
brutality.
-Dr.
Martin
Luther
King,
Jr.
those who are ask-
Y o u have been
ingthedevoteesof
the veterans o f cre­
civil rights, “ When
ative suffering. Continue to work
w ill you be satisfied?” We can never
with the faith that unearned suffering
be satisfied as long as our bodies,
is redemptive.
heavy with the fatigue o f travel, can­
Go back to M ississippi, go back to
not gain lodging in the motels o f the
Alabama, go back to Georgia, go
highways and the hotels o f the cities.
back to Louisiana, go back to the
We cannot be satisfied as long as the
slums and ghettos o f our northern
Negro’s basic mobility is from a
cities,
knowing that somehow this
smaller ghetto to a larger one.
situation can and w ill be changed.
We can never be satisfied as long
Let us not wallow in the valley of
as a Negro in M ississippi cannot vote
despair.
and a Negro in New Yo rk believes he
I say to you today, my friends, that
has nothing for which to vote. No,
W
in spite o f the difficulties and frustra­
tions o f the moment, I still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in
the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this
nation w ill rise up and live out the
true meaning o f its creed: “ We hold
these truths to be self-evident: that all
men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the
red hills ofGeorgia the sonsof former
slaves and the sons o f former slave
owners w ill be able to sit down to­
gether at a table o f brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even
the state o f M ississippi, a desert state,
sweltering with the heat o f injustice
and oppression, w ill be transformed
into an oasis o f freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four ch il­
dren w ill one day live in a nation
where they w ill not be judged by the
color o f their skin but by the content
o f their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the
state o f Alabama, whose governor’s
lips are presently dripping with the
words o f interposition and nullifica­
tion, w ill be transformed into a situ­
ation where little black boys and
black girls w ill be able to join hands
with little white boys and white girls
and walk together as sisters and broth­
ers.
I have a dream today. I have a
dream that one day every valley shall
be exalted, every hill and mountain
shall be made low, the rough places
w ill be made plain, and the crooked
places w ill be made straight, and the
glory o f the Lord shall be revealed,
and all flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith
with which I return to the South.
With this faith we w ill be able to hew
out o f the mountain o f despair a stone
o f hope. With this faith we w ill be
able to transform the jangling dis­
cords o f our nation into a beautiful
symphony o f brotherhood. With this
faith we w ill be able to work togeth­
er, to pray together, to struggle to­
gether, to go to ja il together, to stand
up for freedom together, knowing
that we w ill be free one day.
This w ill be the day when all o f
G od ’s children w ill be able to sing
with a new meaning, "M y country,
’tis o f thee, sweet land o f liberty, o f
thee I sing. Land where my fathers
died, land ofthe pilgrim ’s pride, from
every mountainside, let freedom
ring."
I
And if Am erica is to be a great
nation this must become true. So let
freedom ring from the prodigious
hilltopsofN ew Hampshire. Let free­
dom ring from the mighty mountains
o f New Yo rk. Let freedom ring from
the heightening Alleghenies o f Penn­
sylvania!
Le t freedom rin g from the
snowcapped Rockies o f Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curva­
ceous peaks o f California!
But not only that; let freedom ring
from Stone Mountain o f Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout
Mountain o f Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill
and every molehill o f M ississippi.
From every mountainside, let free­
dom ring.
When we let freedom ring, when
we let it ring from every village and
every hamlet, from every state and
every city, we w ill be able to speed
up that day when all o f G o d ’s ch il­
dren, black men and white men, Jews
and Gentiles, Protestants and Catho­
lics, w ill be able to join hands and
sing in the words o f the old Negro
spiritual, “ Free at last! free at last!
Thank God Alm ighty, we are free at
last!”
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