♦
Page 8, Portland Observer, February 26, 1986
r "n< (rum Pa»» 7
were beaten by policemen and many were thrown against buildings by high
pressure water hoses Yet. the young shouted out. "T h e police can't stop us now
Even Bull Connor can't »top us now " The brilliant scholar and activist, Vincent
Harding, reports that many of the young people enjoyed bathing and wading in the
watct sprayed at them by " B u ll" Connor forces The young people shouted to the
firemen, " W e 'll he back tomorrow with soap " The segregationists in B irm in
gham were forced to grant the demands o f King and the movement because the jails
were lu ll and the merchants were losing money because the young pcple went into
then store, sat down, and sang freedom wings Dr King concluded that, " i t is
clear that the introduction of Birmingham’s children into the c ampaign was one of
the wisest moves we made II brought a new impact to the crusade, and the impetus
that we needed to win the struggle "
mhiic
Chalkngt* fur Today’s Youth
1 oung people throughout the black community today need to he aware o f what
their counterparts did dunng the 1950s and 1960s I he young people proved that
they were c apable of engaging in creative protest to tree their parents, teachers.
and themselves In many ways the young led the "grow n-ups" during the c iv il
rights movement By looking hack, young people should come to realize that they
need not be filled with despair, dope and hopelessness History leaches that young
people can still he the masters o f their destinies In the process, they can change the
world.
Black Women and the Civil
Rights Movement
H\ Aldon Morris
Black women were crucial Io the rise and success o f the c ivil rights movement
this fact has often hecn overlooked because o f the visibility o f male leaders like
Dr Martin Luther King. Jr , Slokely Carmichael. Roy W ilkins. Whitney Young,
r and Malcolm X Nevertheless, black women assumed both leadership and
behind the scene roles in the movement This is not surprising because black
women have always been in the forefront o f the black liberation struggle The
rut.il oppression o f Afro-Americans has always presented black women from
being confined exclusively to the role o f housewife They worked in the fields
dunng slavery and they suffered the sting of the whip At the same time, women
like Harriet lubman and Sojourner Truth worked fearlessly on the Underground
Railroad freeing their brothers and sisters Following slavery, black women
organized campaigns against lynching while they cooked, scrubbed, ironed and
mothered for while women These were the circumstances that produced strong
determined women who never knew what it meant to he placed on a "fe m a le "
pedestal.
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In her lifetim e one term ite queen cun produce over 500 m illio n
offspring.
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Rosa Parks
I he earth's surface holds 524 m illio n cubic miles o f water.
Another 2 m illio n cubic miles lie underground, and 5,000 cubic
Like their historical counterparts, contemporary black women were prominent
figures o f (he modem civil nghis movement Some led and organized dangerous
demonstrations, making H clear that they were ready Io go to jail and even die tor
liberation Others worked the typewriters and mimeograph machines, turning out
those communications crucial Io (lie mobilization ol the grassroots constituency
Many black women risked jobs and the lives o f their families by opening their
homes to civil rights activists in the heat of battle Others erected "citizenship"
schools and "fre e d o m " schools in beauty shops and backyards where they taught
thousands o f illiterate people how to read, write and struggle lor freedom There
were also black women who challened Ihe men in the movement to abandon
sexism so that total freedom could emerge within the movement, making the
struggle against injustice in the larger society even more powerful and effective
As FrcxJ Shuttlcsworth. a great leader o f the movement, put it. "the women made it
real "
Io capture the spirit and dedication o f the women who propelled the civil rights
movement, the following paragraphs w ill take a brief look at the contributions o f
Rosa Parks. Ella Baker. Septima Clark and Diane Nash Bevel These women, like
so many others, played paramount roles in the movement
, Tul
miles o f water are suspended in the atmosphere.
I he nations o f Iceland, Costa Rica and Lichtenstein have no
armed forces.
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Rosa Parks iv the mother o f the modem civil rights movement Without her
actions, the world might not have been privileged to witness the famous year-long
bus boycott in Montgomery. Alabama in 1955-56 and the rise o f Martin Luther
King. Jr s brilliant leadership On December I, 1955 Mrs Parks
a qu id ,
dignified black resident o f Montgomery
defied local laws by refusing to give
her bus seat to a w hue man Shortly alter Mis parks' arrest, the black comniuii.tv
ot Montgomery organized a mass boycott o f the segregated buses I his develop
mem is considered lo he the starting point ot the modem civil rights movement
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