Portland Observer, September 18, 1986, Page 9 South Africa threatens to expelí Black migrants: Another boomerang? The South A frican government's threat to expel the entire foreign Black mtgran’ labor force should the West­ ern powers enforce economic sanc­ tions against the apartheid regime is yet another desperate attempt to ease the mounting international pressure on Pretoria to abandon its apartheid policy. “ I f the th re a t is im p le m e n te d , it w ould have a c rip p lin g im pact on the m in in g in d u s try , the m am source o f foreign exchange for the governm ent,'’ says M r. F ion de V le ttcr, o f the Inter na tion al M ig ra tio n fo r E m p lo ym e n t B ran ch o f the In te r n a tio n a l L a b o r Organization (ILO). R o u g h ly 40 pe rcen t o f a ll m ine w o rk e rs in S o u th A f r ic a are B lack m ig ra n ts, m a in ly fr o m n e ig h b o rin g countries o f A ng ola. Botswana, Leso­ th o , M a la w i, M o z a m b iq u e , S w a z i­ land, Z am bia and Z im b a b w e . W hile the large n u m b e r o f jo b le ss B lacks in S o u th A fr ic a co n s titu te s a re a d y­ made reservoir o f m an po w er fo r the m ining com panies, the abrupt de pa r­ ture o f m igrant miners w ould seriously disrup t p ro d u c tio n and fu rth e r dam age S o u th A f r ic a 's recession hit economy. A c c o rd in g to latest o f f ic ia l d a ta , the number o f registered foreign Black m ig ra n t w o rke rs in S o u th A fr ic a in 19X4 totaled some 350,000. The largest gro up came fro m L esotho (138,000), w ith M ozam bique nationals co n stitu t­ ing the second largest (60,000) Zambia has the smallest num ber o f its n a tio n ­ als w o rk in g in S o u th A fr ic a (743 in 1983) w ith Z im ba bw e constituting the second smallest group (7,500 in 1984). The vast m ajority o f the migrants work in the gold and coal mines, about 190,000, according to the last count They represent a well-trained and skilled labor force which the mine operators would find some difficulty in replacing from local sources. Nevertheless, there has been a p ro ­ gressive decline in the num ber o f m i­ g ra n t w o rk e rs e m p lo y e d in S ou th A fric a . B la ck m ig ra n ts in the early '70s constituted some 80 percent o f the mine workers. T oda y they fo rm only about 40 percent o f the la b o r force. Barring any p o litic a l in te rv e n tio n by the S ou th A fr ic a n g o v e rn m e n t, the number o f Black m igrants seems like ­ ly to d ro p g ra d u a lly , th ro u g h re tire ­ ment or fo r other reasons. The recruit­ ment o f novices by the mine operators is to d a y largely fr o m w ith in S o u th A fric a (about 10 percent) w ith a p ro ­ gressive re d u c tio n in the in ta k e o l novices fro m n e ig h b o rin g co u n trie s (3 to 4 percent). But this slow dow n o f Black m ig ra ­ tio n to S outh A fric a n mines has had its repercussions in neighboring states; where the level ot unem ploym ent is a l­ ready high. The In te rn a tio n a l I abor O rg a n iza tio n is c u rre n tly engaged in m ap ping out the sk ills p r o file o f re ­ turning m igrants in an e ffo rt to adapt their skills to the domestic labor scene. A n o ffs h o o t o f th is p ro g ra m is the la u n c h in g o f som e p ro je c ts such as road b u ild in g in L e s o th o a im ed at a b so rb in g e x -m in e w o rk e rs . A t the same tune, the II O has launched p ro ­ gram s to help p o te n tia l m ig ra n ts in getting a clearer idea o l th e ir rig hts, through extensive briefin gs and other educational activities But a mass ex­ pulsion o f all m ig ra n t laborers w o uld put a severe strain on the resources o f the neighboring states. W hile the significant albeit declining o u tflo w o f m ig ra n ts to South A fric a is in a large measure a reflection o f the bleak e m p lo y m e n t pro spe cts in the home co u n trie s o f the m ig ra n ts , the fact remains that m igrant workers, like other Blacks hi South A fric a , continue to be discrim inated against, in wages, living conditions and other benefits. For instance, the average monthly earnings o f a B la ck m in e w o rk e r in South A frica is just over 252 rands. The white mineworker’s wages aver­ aged some 1,377 rands in the go ld mines and 1.4 3 1 rands in coal mines (1982) co m p a re d to 252 rands fo r a Black miner engaged in the gold mines and 265 rands in the coal mines. W hite apprentices em p lo ye d u n d e rg ro u n d received 483 rands (1983) compared to 147 rands paid to Black trainees. These wage differentials between the w hite and Black employees in South A fr ic a 's m in in g in d u s try do not tell the whole story. I he Black worker suf­ fers fro m a variety o f other fo rm s o f discrim ination, the most blatant being jo b reservation. Lhe m ining industry is the last sector where d is c rim in a to ry la b o r le g is la tio n s till exists, lim itin g "scheduled persons" which bv de fini lion excludes all Blacks Lhe jo b re s e rv a tio n p ra c tic e has re s tric te d d e ve lo p m e n t o l a s k ille d B lack la b o r fo rc e , b lo c k e d p r o m o ­ tions, and u n d e rm in e d safety in the mines A recent comprehensive mves ligation o f safety commissioned bv the black N a tio n a l I m on ot M in e w o rk e r s ( N U M ) fo u n d that accidents are not sim p ly the result o f the de p th o f m in in g , but a lso a r e fle c tio n o f the way w o ik is organized M uch ot the p ro d u c tiv e and supervisory tasks ot white nunew orkers w itti blasting cer tificates (not obtainable bv Blacks) are carried out by Black "te a m leaders", the N l ’M noted. A lth o u g h these team leaders have de lacto responsibility lo r safety, they have no form al training ot tlx- necessary authority to deal w ith se­ rious hazards Another cause tor con cern ab ou t safely is the tendency on the part o f the w h ite m iners to push their (B lack) teams at a pace eridang ering then safety — simply because- o f their desire to earn higher pro d u ctio n bonuses. The Black miners are lim ited to a p ro d u c tio n bonus ceiling o f one- third o f the average basic pay while the w h ite m iners have no ce ilin g on the amount o f pro du ction bonus they can get. O ther fo rm s o f d is c rim in a tio n also m ake the life o f the m ig ra n t B lack m iner d if f ic u lt . W h ite w o rke rs are given fa m ily ho u sin g at sub sid ized rents, but only I percent o l the B l.uk la b o r fo rc e are a llo w e d , by la w . to have fam ily housing on die mine preni ises. Most ot the Black labor force live away fro m th e ir fa m ilie s in hostels, sha rin g ro o m s w ith oth er w o rk e rs , sometimes up to 22 men in one u x im T here have been im p ro v e m e n ts in accom m odation, foo d and recreation facilities fo r the m inew orkers, but in many mines the livin g conditions aie still very jvoor. I tie irons is that South A fric a can w ell a ffo r d to tre a t its B lack m ine workers better But they continue to be tlie victims ot racial exploitation, legal ized and enforced by the white m inor ity regime Several II ( ) studies have h ig h lig h te d the en o rm o u s eco no m ic benefits accruing to the Stale from the sweated la b o r o l b o th Black S o u th A fric a n and m ig ra n t m iners As ta r back as a decade ag o, these m in ers produced some $20 m illio n a dav in go ld a lo n e , w ith the S o u th A fr ic a n exchequer e a rn in g a tax revenue o t some 8 1 1 m illio n rands tin I974)equiv alent to some 2,000 rands to r every m in e w o rk e r. Since then the pro du c tio n and lax revenues have no d o u b t risen, but the im provem ents in w ork mg co n ditions o f the workers cannot be said to have kept pace. ( an South A fric a continue to sus tain its sub ju gatio n ot B l.u k w orkers and enjoy the benefits ot their la bo r fo r a c o m fo rta b le life under the sun for the whites? lh e m ounting rcstive- ncss among the Black workers and tlx- renewed threat o l a strike by the Black N a tio n a l l'n io n o f M in e w o rke rs arc- clear danger signals to the government in P re to ria th a t its a p a rth e id p o licv can no lo n g e r be e n fo rce d on an in ­ creasingly w ell organized and assert tve B l.uk population Send notice o f vour church activities and events to Heliifion Editor Portland Observer P O Bos JI37 Portland OR 9720S 'Creating A Future With Justice' "C re a tin g A Future W ith Justice,” w ill be this year's theme ot the Mission Institute sponsored bv Church W om en U nited in P ortla nd lh e event begins at 9 a m on I rid a y , Septem ber 27, 1 9 8 ', at P a rkto se I nited M e th o d ist C h u rc h at 11 I 11 N I K n o tt Street (N o 40 busline) Speakers w ill be Rev Bob Flaherty, w h o w ill address c u rre n t la n d and water issues in the global environm ent and IXwothv A ckerm an ot the Native In d ia n C o u n c il w h o w ill address in justice to tlx- Native A m e ix a n Indians o l the Northwest. Indian music is also on tlx- agenda. Jo Brown, who was in W ashing to n, D C ., and p a rticip a te d m w ra p p in g " I he R ib b o n " a ro u n d tlx- Pentagon, w ill fx- on hand to share her experx-nce o f the event A ll church presidents are in vited and w ill receive sjxvial recognition. Bring a sack lunch to share Phone ahead fo r childca re, 253-7567 Youth indoor soccer clinic I his $ M t 3 p ro g ra m is designed tor boys and girls in tirade’s I through 5. Il is a sale, exciting »port designed to help youngsters de velop th e ir soccer skills, self-confidence, w ith emphasis on team w o rk and good sportsm an ship 1 acli youngster w ill play at least h a lt o f every gam e I he v o lt fo a m " n e t I ” soccer b a ll insures a sale m ethod o t de ve lo p in g skills in d o o rs dm mg our rainy I all Season Have a great lim e come jo in in 3 M t A In d ix it Soccct' Practice begins September 23rd one hour practice a week t lames begin O c to b e r 12th and w ill be place d at sites to be a n n o u n ce d A n I lid o l Season celebration w ill be held Decern het 7 tii Practices w ill be arranged as Scholarship program Highland I nited t hutch ol t Inisi invites von Io their fo u rth annual Ninnici lohnson Scholarship Program on Simdav. Sept 22, al 3 in p m at llx-church, 4 6 ) ' N I 9th I tic scholarship piogram is m honor ot the tonner p astel. the late Reverend Samuel lohnson close to your ne ighborhood as possi ble Celebrity Soccer Players w ill hold Clinic. I ees are $ 1 ' Ot) lo r Y M C A mem hers, $22 50 lo r non-members. Schul arship assistance is available, contact the 3 tor further in fo rm atio n Register bv com ing in to the N o rth Inner Northeast 3 office or bv mailing the registration lo rm and fie to N orth Inner N o rth e a st 3 M t A , 3 '4 9 N 1 om bard, P ortland. O regon 97217 It you have any qu eston s, please ca ll tlie 3 at 28) 3477 Library schedule M u ltn o m a h C o u n ty I ib ra ry w ill prevent the follow ing Book Discussion groups N o rth P o rtla n d , ' 12 N K illin g s w o rth (284 '6 2 2 ) 33ediiesd.iv, Sept 2 '. 7 9 p.m " I et’s talk About I I " series on 33 or kin g : I x p lo rin g the 33orld ot the W orker B ixik to be dis cussed is Z teuth o f a Salesman by A t thur M iller A lbina, 360' N l 15th (287 7 |4 7): C h ild re n 's I dins, Saturday, Sept 28. 2 3(1 p m / he ( ¡innerbread Man, A one-day seminar on "P ro fe s s io n ­ al D evelopm ent fo r W o m e n " w ill be presented in P o rtla n d at the Red I ion Portland Center. 310 SW I incoln. on Friday, September 27, 1985, 8 30 a m to4 :3 0 p.m. The in s tru c to r, D r. M a x in e W ar- nath, is a Professor o f Psychology at W estern O re g o n S tale C o lle ge H er areas o f speciality are o rg a n iz a tio n a l psych o lo g y, social p sy c h o lo g y , and applied human development Topics covered include improving y o u r le a d e rsh ip s k ills , m a x im iz in g y o u r p e rfo rm a n c e , m an ag ing y o u r ow n c o n flic t and stress, and effective team building. E n ro llm e n ts arc accepted in the order received u n til ttx- lim it is reached. R egistration is com pleted by sending $70 to Endeavors fo r Excellence, Ore gon State U n iv e rs ity , C o n tin u in g E d ­ u ca tio n . C o rv a llis , O R 97331-1604 For fu rth e r details call Endeavors fo r Excellence in Corvallis, (503)754-2677 N o rth P ortla nd Bible College w ill resume claves September 23, lo r all those who are serious about "th e W ord ot Cuxl Arc vou satisfied w ith your level o f effevtiseix-ss in using tlx- Bible in personal witix-ssmg and teaching ’ 33 hat w ill your instructor mean it he tells sou to lead a person to C hrist using lhe tam ous "R o m a n R o a d " scriptures'’ 33 here dix-s one fine the d ix trin e s o f ju s tific a tio n , s a ix tific a tio n , and g lo rific a tio n in the B ix ik o f Rom ans? W h a t a r t the B ib lic a l themes o t each ot the M in o t P ro p h e ts? 33 hat ate the ihaiactensiics ot Hebrew ixietrv ’ 33 hat is the theme o l Hebrews? 33 heie aie tlx- lehosah's 33 itiu-sses and other false cults described'’ 33 hat ate some constructive approaches m dealing w ith tlie culls ’ H ow docs D a n ie l's Seventieth Week tit in to tlx- B ook o t R evelation? How can we im prove our Sunday Schools and make them m ore o f a force for tlx- redem ption o f our youth? 33 hen or how dix-s a Sunday S cluxil g d departm entalized ' 33 hat are the ad­ vantages and disadvantages? H ow dix-s the d ix tim e ot ( h r is tia n Ite ed om re Lite to tlx- "w eaker b ro tlx-r” in tlx- B»x>k ot Romans'’ luesdiiy, 6:30 9 30 Subject. Bible Studs M ethixls; Instructor, M ichael I m il say; Epistles o l lames and John, Instr .to t. lames ( olem an, O utreach M im s tries to C hildren, Instructor, C h ild I vangelism S tall Ih u is ila y , 6 30 9 3tt p m Subject, Old Iestament Survev I, Instructor, Ricky Danner; leaching I echniqucs, Instructor, 1 ouise Pritchett. S atuidav, 12 00 3 ()(, p .m .; Subject, New I estament Survey I. In s tru c to r, Beth Nance C e rtilic a te Requirem ents: t Mlered annuallv ait- courses planned lo r at least three categories ot students all persons in geix-ial who wish io know the Bible better, pastors and m inisters in lu ll tim e set vice, Sunday Shcool teachers and ym ith leadeis "C h ristia n le ach et'sL e r tilx a te ” ( 9 coutses, 2 7 t t e d il b o u ts ); Three couisi-s in C h ristian Education It-achm g techniques, Simdav S ih ix il Success and I iidetstaixlm g People- Six courses in Bit'le Suisev: O ld lestament Smses I. II. I II . New lestament Survey I. II. I l l Bible C e rtifica te (12 courses, )6 cte d it horns) I luce courses in Bible Foundations Bible Sludv Methixls, Basie bible D p o ll' I he Ark of Safety Church o ffio d in ( 00 hrist ft— • * ‘ L li' p te .x lie s tin q o s jx -l a m i < h .llle iiq e s t ill' wit* Il rlo i tin s velili lhe x iw e i o l t iix l just like E lija h 3Vhen they see th .it Jesus is m o re x iw e ilu l they fo rsa ke th e it ile tm m s th e n s ilts a m llh e ir p ia r li< e s tu i lesus le now has I 4 0 < hui< lie s in Kenya lig a n d ...... id Ia n z a n ia w ith ipvs.u r is t o AtliMM) (a o p le savi ila n r i m any m o n lx in g ad d e d daily 3 iv iv .il is g o in g o n in Kenya w ith a lx iu l 171X81 (M’o p le tx 'in g saved weekly «imi N .iu iir e s in rie jx -iir ie iil w in k is tig h t in the m id d le o l it lh e m eri lot m a te ria ls is q ie .il «imi tiis in d e p e n d e n t w o rk is h re a te n e d by l.x k o l in .ite li.ils s ix h as B ib le s < assetti- players nr y< les e li I lu re is g reat m eri lo t s ta b ility a n d tear h in g so new x lie v e is are n o t swayed in to e rm i All S atan m eds to in s u le his . i< tin y is o u t apathy V«‘ A|wrr S n rv ir m H r ip ftirn F o u rth S u n d a y Thu A m erican B aptist C onvention A m erx an Baptist C hurches ot O regon L o tt Carey Foreign M ission C o nve ntion N ational. O regon, P o rtla n d E c u m e n ic a l M in is trie s A m e ric a n B ib le S o c ie ty . M f :M Board YOU A ttf WELCOME TO WORSHIP AT ip p yc«irs qavi- all that lip lor g re a li-r (xiw er a m i the p ro m is e >1 e le itia l lib th ro u g h < h rist Jesus. ( o n ijr ttip tftn r n tl W o r s h ip 5 00 P M 4737 N Lombard Everyone Welcome Pastor A. Brazzle MU 9 30 A M Church SchAM (M BEREAN B A P TIS T CHUR CH 4822 N. V an co u ver A ve 284-2334 Nathan Barnett Pastor M frvtntty) IB Tt»erjlogy • Services: 9 30 a .m ., Su n d ay School 11:00 a m .. M o rn in g W o rsh ip 6:00 p .m ., Evening W orship The Barnetts (t Berean welcomes yrxir family At Bereen w e emphasize building strong families You'll get solid Expository Biblical Preaching b Leeching