Reagan fires C.R. commissioners
Bra Francea Schosn-Xeeapaper Leca
University cf Ore<ot» Library
P rw M m t Raagan K m Read theaa manstoaea of tha U.B.
C o m m M o n on C M I Rights and roptaoed thorn with
conaarvatlvaa Ramovad ware Mary Barry, former A m i .
•oet. of Education; Blandino Cardonas Ramlraa. a T omm
educator; RabW Murray Bahama» of Baltimore
Special:
Section II page 4
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Sect. II page 4
Voices
Career Issue
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Labor
STRUGGLE
PORTLAND OBSERVER
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Volume XIII, Number 32
May 25, 1963
25C Per Copy
Two Sections
_______________________________________________________
Court rejects racism
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled
Tuesday that racially discriminatory
schools are not eligible for federal
tax exemptions.
The opinion, written by C hief
Justice Warren Burger, said there
was no question but that the
Internal Revenue Service was right
when, in 1970, it stopped granting
tax-exempt status to school* that
discriminate.
Based on the "national policy to
discourage racial discrimination in
educalion" the IRS ruled (hat "a
private school not having a racially
nondiscriminatory policy as to
students is not ’charitable’ within
common law concepts."
Bob Jones University justified its
racial discrimination on religous
grounds. " T h e free exercise of
religion clause, as interpreted by the
C o u rt," Burger wrote, "provides
substantial protection for lawful
conduct
grounded
in
religious
belief. However, not all burdens on
religion are unconstitutional
. .
The state may justify a limitation on
religious liberty by showing that it is
essential
to
accomplish
an
overriding governmental inter*. O n
this accasion the Court found
greater governmental interests so
compelling
as to allow
even
regulation prohibiting religiously
based conduct. Denial o f tax
benefits will inevitably have a
substantial impact on the operation
o f private religious schools, but will
not prevent the schools from
observing their religious tenets."
President Reagan tried last year
to revoke the 1970 1 R S. policy
because he said it had no basis in
law. The Court decision was a blow
to the administration, repudiating
the administration’s legal position,
and was voiced in unusually forceful
language
"G iven the stress and anguish o f
the history of efforts to escape from
the shackles o f the ’separate but
equal'
doctrine
of
Plessy
v.
Ferguson it cannot be said Ihat
educational institutions that, for
whatever reasons, practice racial
discrimination, are institutions exer
cising beneficial and stabilizing
influences in community life . . . ”
W illiam T . Coleman, Jr., was
appointed by the Court to argue
against tax exemption.
Rumors of CIA action persist
IP art Z o f a series/
bv Robert Lothian
Nearly 40 people picketed the Northeast Welfare
Office on West Burnside WadnMday noon,
protesting delays on welfare related bills before
the Ways end Means Committee - two parent
ADC and the medically needy program. The picket
was sponsored by the Oregon Human Rights
Coalition and was specifically directed at Rep.
Vera K ati.
(PhotoRichard J. Brown)
South Africa retaliates
ANC bombs S.A. military
South African black* were report
ed to be jubilant over the recent
bombing by the African National
Congres* o f a building that housed
the South African A ir Force com
mand. About half o f the 18 casual
ties were civilian employees, among
them eight black*. The bombing is
seen a* a shift o f tactics from at
tacks against property to guerrilla
action that will cause the loss o f ci
vilians.
The heightened activity against
(he government has been long await
ed and the fact that some blacks, as
well a* innocent white*, will be
killed in the struggle is understood.
The goal of the A N C is establish
ment o f a democratic society for all
South African* "regardless of race,
color or creed.’’
The A N C was founded in 1912
" to defend Africans against repres
sion." In early year* it tried to
achieve its goal* through legal politi
cal tactics. In 1949 it adopted civil
disobedience tactics. Following the
police murder o f 300 blacks during a
demonstration in Sharpsville in
I960, the group was banned and
went underground. A plan o f sabo
tage was begun.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela, leader
o f A N C , was arrested and sentenced
to life in prison. He is still being
held in maximum security.
Since the 1970* sabotage against
police and property have increased
The recent bombing was the first
that was not planned to avoid civi
lian casualties.
A ll act* o f sabotage are answered
by South Africa with military raids
into
neighboring
nations
they
charge with harboring A N C guerril
las.
South African jets attacked M o
zambique M onday, three day* after
the A N C bombing. This was the
first acknowledged air raid against
Mozambique although there have
been numerous ground incursions.
The South African attack squa
dron leader called the M aputo air
port tower to inform them a raid
was imminent and ihat any attack
against the jets would bring retalia
tion. They opened fire with rockets
and machine guns, causing heavy
damage to a factory and several
homes. The victims (6 dead and 40
wounded) included at least six chil
dren. Although the South African
government called it an attack on
members o f the A N C hiding in M o
zambique, all but one o f the victims
were Mozambican citizens.
South African defense minister
Magnus Malan said, "T h e world
and our enemies must see this only
as an example o f our capabilities,
and what we are prepared to do to
protect our territorial integrity and
avenge the letting o f innocent
blood.”
In addition to its frequent m ili
tary aggression against M ozam
bique, South Africa supports a
African Liberation March
scheduled for Saturday
The annual A frican Liberation
Day will be held on Saturday. M ay
28th. The march will begin at King
Neighborhood Facility (N .E . 7th
and W ygant) at 11:00 a.m . and
procede to Irving Park (N .E . 7th
and Fremont) where there will be
speakers, entertainment and food.
Come and celebrate the freedom
won and the liberation yet to be
gained. For inform ation call 284-
9352.
counter-revolutionary group in M o
zambique that carries out acts of
sabotage in an effort to destabilize
the government.
Sleepy M cM in nville, Oregon and
war-ravaged El Salvador would not
seem to have much in common. But
one o f the largest contract helicop
ter firm s in the w orld ha* its head
q uarters in M c M in n v ille , and a
giant workhorse helicopter owned
by the firm is in El Salvador now
helping to repair war-damaged elec
tric transmission lines.
Evergreen H e lic o p te rs , Inc.
landed a $2 .2 m illio n Agency fo r
In te rn atio n al Developm ent ( A ID )
renewable contract late in 1981 to
re p a ir pow er lines sabotaged by
guerrillas.
The contract would appear inno
cent enough, yet (he W a ll Street
Journal and other publications have
on several occasions uncovered links
between Evergreen and the C IA .
W h ile there is no evidence o f
Evergreen's involvem ent in covert
activities in Central America at this
time, the company did buy a C IA -
backed airline. Intermountain Avia
tion of Marana, A riz. in 1973. Inter
m ountain had been one o f several
airlines around the world, including
A ir Asia and Southern A ir Trans
port, which the C IA grouped under
the title A ir Am erica, a commercial
cover fo r covert o p eratio ns. T h e
C IA sold in te rm o u n ta in to E v e r
green when In te rm o u n ta in 's re la
tion sh ip w ith the C I A became
kn o w n . { W a ll S treet J o u rn a l,
2 /1 6 /7 9 ).
The US Agency for International
Development has long been associ
ated with covert operations in world
trouble spot*. Using A ID contracts
and the com m ercial cover o f A ir
America, for instance, the C IA was
able to o rg an ize a secret arm y in
Laos, som ething w hich the US
governm ent w ou ld not otherw ise
have been able to do. As a journalist
who was flow n around SE Asia by
A ir Am erica said, "S u re i t ’ s A ID ,
and you spell that C I A ."
Under contract with A ID in 1974,
Evergreen helicopters carried food,
medical supplies and A ID o ffic ia l*
into remote area* of drought-stricken
and w ar-ravag ed E th io p ia . (Ore
gonian 3 /3 0 /7 4 )
A n Evergreen subsidiary, E ve r
green In te rn a tio n a l A irlin e s , also
based in M c M in n v ille , has been
known to work for the m ilitary on
occasion. Tw o A ir Force contracts,
one in 1976 and the other in 1981,
totaled $14 million for air transport
w ork. ( W all Street Journal}
When the Shah o f Iran needed a
D C -8 to take he and his retin u e
from Panama to Egypt, Evergreen
In te rn a tio n a l took the jo b , which
again raised speculation ab o ut a
C IA connection.
I t ’ s not easy to research E v e r
green because it is "closely held" by
sole owner Del S m ith , and annual
{Please turn to page 9 column I )
Voices from the street
Grassroots News. N. W. — They
w alk up and dow n the streets.
Young men between the ages o f 16-
21 whose* faces show the serious ex
pression of unemployment, political
powerlessness and the invisible
social status given to young men
w ho have been abandoned by the
educational system, forgotten by the
statisticians and ignored by society.
They make their presence known by
hanging out dow ntow n in front of
the Post O ffice or at the door of an
arcade. W hat you are about to read
are voices from the streets — how
young men really feel. From both
black and white — hear what they
hear. See what they see. Feel what
they feel.
Lionel, 17, and Gregory, 21. are
young black men disproportionately
hit w ith every inequ ality Am erica
has to o ffer. Although their voices
are their own, they represent the in
visible young male whose presence is
hidden in the statistics, but can be
seen hanging out, looking for some
th in g . an yth ing , or engaged in an
impulsive criminal act.
T .J ., 16, and Jim m y, 17, are
white youth whose presence down
town is o f increasing concern to the
police and local merchants. They,
too, occupy the invisible arena o f a
subculture no one except the police
want to reckon with.
These young men view the 1980’s
the same way th eir g ran d p a re n t*
viewed the 1930's. Gregory, the old
est o f the males we interviewed, say*
he has known better times. " I t was
easier when C a rte r was in o ffic e .
Now that Reagan is in, the times are
really depressing. When you go look
fo r a jo b they tell you there is a
stack o f ap p lica tio n s this high. I
d o n ’ t w ant to get o f f in to any
trouble, but that is what it's boiling
dow n to . R ight n ow , it's really
tough for me.”
A ll the youth we interviewed ex
pressed a sheer unwillingness to ven
ture o f f in to the reckless crim in a l
behavior which adds to the burglary
and vice in m etropolitan Portland.
But at an increasing rate the eco
n om ic, p o litic a l and social co n
straints cause them to view th eir
situ atio n s
w ith
a
note
of
desperation. " Y o u might get des
perate for money and you’ll want to
take som eone’ s purse. You get to
th in k in g
about
going
in to
someone’ s house and doing things
you a re n ’ t used to doin g. W hen
things were easier fo r me I d id n 't
have to do things like that. But now,
the time* got me wondering."
D o w n to w n , a nameless w hite
youth say* he and his friends help
one another out w ith credit card*
and by shacking-up. " W e do any
thing we can like sell drugs, equip
m ent or hock s tu ff. A ll we do is
smoke our sm oke, d rin k our beer
and live h a p p y ." A n o ther yo u th,
who declined to say much o f an y
th in g , calm ly to ld me, " W e live
from day to d a y .”
Lionel believes that members o f
his peer group w ho do engage in
a c tiv ity w hich tops the c h a rt* o f
p etty c rim in a l b eh av io r do not
understand w hat they are d oin g.
" T h e ir m ind isn ’ t in a positive
{Please turn to page 2 column I )
Jerry
(Photo: Richard J. Brown)