Paga 2 Section I Portland Observer, May 4 , 1963
Amnesty International head speaks in Portland
Jack Healy, American chair of
Amnesty International, was in Port
land last weekend for the organiza
tion’s regional conference. Healy,
aid to Dick Gregory from 1974 to
1977, n o t« that Amnesty Interna
twnal's purpose to to "protect people
against intrusions by their govern
m ent." In pursuit o f that goal A l
has launched campaigns for prison
ers o f conscience and against govern
ment policies on all seven continents.
Recent actions in the United States
included a worldwide telegram
campaign to Governor George
Wallace o f Alabama to halt that
state’s first execution in years.
Amnesty International also engaged
in demonstrations in Texas for the
same cause there. Coordinator of
the anti-death penalty campaign is
Pat M u rray, a black woman.
A m n « ty International also re
cently submitted reports to the courts
through pro bono attorneys on
behalf o f the rights o f Haitian and
Ethiopian refugees. According to
Healy, the refugees would be sub
jected to harsh ex-judicial punish
ment if forced to return to their
native countries.
A report submitted by A m n a ty
International called on the Carter
administration to invwtigate the
F .B .I. The report, says Healy, found
that a "constant stream of unwar
ranted expenditures o f money, by
the government — wiretapping" and
other surveillance by the FBI is
behind a large number o f trials of
black political leaders in the United
States. The Carter administration
failed to begin such an investigation.
Nigeria struggles for stability
Nigeria, once the favorite o f
w ntern banks because o f its large
oil reserv«, free market economy
and w n tern oriented population, is
now in deep economic trouble.
The fall In world oil p ric n and the
deterioration o f Nigeria’ s dom ntic
economy have forced the nation
into arrears on its short term foreign
debts and w ntern bankers are
reluctant to offer new loans.
The banks have attempted to force
Nigeria to seek assistance from the
International
M onetary
Fund
( I .M . F .) The government has been
reluctant because o f the conditions
that would be forced on the nation
by I M F.
The extent of Nigeria’s debt is not
known,
which
adds
to
the
confusion. The Nigerian central
bank says the country owes $3.3
billion
in
overdue
short-term
payments.
W w tern
bankers
estimate the loans as twice that
figure.
The confusion and uncertainty is
threatening Nigeria’s trade credit.
Cash reserv« are short; in January
they were estimated at $1.3 million,
enough to finance about a m onth’s
worth o f imports. Some experts
believe the cash reserv« are about
gone.
The U .S. and European banks
disagree about how to reclaim their
funds.
The
European
banks
proposed converting the arrears into
a new loan with IS months to three
years repayment schedule. The U.S.
banks want no bail-out loans unleu
I.M .F . is involved.
An
I.M .F .
"sub ilization
package"
would
include
such
measures as devaluation o f the
currency,
limiting
imports,
abolishing consumer subsidi« and a
wage freeze. These ext re m « would
be unacceptable to the Nigerian
people who are already suffering a
high rate o f unemployment.
Nigeria's expulsion o f a million
foreign workers from Ghana was
aimed al creating more jobs for
Nigerians.
W ith an election scheduled for
August, Prnident Shehu Shagari is
expected to resist going to the
I.M .F . as long as possible. But the
fall in oil p ric « m u llin g from the
international oil glut — Nigeria gets
94 percent o f its export earnings
from oil — could rapidly bring the
Nigerian
government
to
that
decision.
A m naty International, says Healy
and local organizer Debora Ashworth,
doesn’t compare human rights situ
ations across international borders.
R a th « than saying that a situation
"to getting better or w orse," A l
simply reports the num b« and extent
o f human rights violations on a
country by country basis."
The organization d o « release
periodic reports showing the num b«
o f violations during certain periods
o f time and these are often used by
other* to make comparisons and
relative judgments.
Recent reports on Guatemala and
El Salvador, fo r instance, showed
the situation in those countrws to be
quite bad. The reports detailed
numerous violations including the
execution o f 2,600 peasants in G uat
emala. The A m n a ty International
report was coincidentally released
about the same time as the Reagan
administration’s certification
of
human rights improvements. A l's
report was then used as a counter
weight by those opposing certifica
tion.
Direct campaigns on behalf o f
individual prisoners o f conscience
by Amnesty International worldwide
n u m b « 3,000 a year. One thousand
o f those people are freed due to
pressure from A l and indigenous
groups says Healy. There are 41
national
A m n a ty
International
groups for a total o f 330,000 volun
teers worldwide. The organization
to based in London where the staff
o f 160 in v a tig a ta reports and dis-
senunates information. In the United
S la t« 260 local groups are active as
are 180 campus groups. Each local
group works on behalf o f two
prisoners per month.
Urgent action campaigns on
behalf of persons being tortured or
in immediate fear o f execution
succeed 30 percent o f the time, ac
cording to Healy. "N o b o d y ,” noted
Healy, "wants to be known as a
to rtu rer."
Currently,
A m n a ty
International is campaigning against
political killings by governments
everywhere — east or west, north or
south. Ashworth n o t« that persons
interested in participating in cam
paigns should call 228-7210 for
more inform ation.
Some u y that the phrase "rule of thumb" comes
from a practice that was once common among
brewmasters The chief brewer used to test the tem
perature of a batch of brew by dipping in his thumb.
•
President Ronald Reagan's last movie was The
Killers in 1964.
•
Many years ago, the U.S. Mint accidentally printed
on a run of its gold coins: “ In Gold W e Trust."
We do not do business with South Africa.
AN IN0EPEN06NT BANK
S I
the market in Iran.
• A 400 m illio n d o llar economic
agreement was signed with pro-U S.
Turkey on Jnuary 23th.
• M o st im p o r ta n tly , Ira n 's $4
billio n in U .S . banks was suddenly
u n fro z e n . T h e same day it was
an n ounced th a t Ira n is w illin g to
pay $26 m illio n fo r the damages
done to the U .S. embassy in Iran as
well as most o f the law suits claimed
by U .S. corporations.
K h o m e in i was re p o rte d to be
fu rio u s . T h re e m onths e a rlie r,
sensing th at pow er was s lip p in g
fro m his hands, in a much
p ublicized 8 -p o in t decree, he had
tried to check this trend — as well as
curbing some o f the excesses o f his
riva ls w hich was ta k in g on
dangerous proportions.
T h e p o w e rfu l fa c tio n arra yed
against him is said to be a curious
co n g lo m erate o f rich b azaa r
merchants, large land-holders and a
s u p e r-fa n a tic a l g ro u p called the
H o ja tie h . This latter group would
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Mullah against Mullah
(C ontinuedfrom page I column 6)
American State
Bank
simply make Jerry Falwell look like
a big social reformer.
O n K hom eini's side are a few o f
his old associai« and millions o f the
so-called "b arefo ot, downtrodden"
masses who find encouragement in
K h o m e in i's
re g u lar
sermons
regard ing the " h o v e l-d w e lle r s ’ *
revolution.
Iro n ic a lly , it was the supporters
o f this faction that fell, one by one,
to the deadly fire o f terrorist bullets
two years ago.
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Finally, usually-reliable observers
believe that the trials o f the C o m
munist leaders are a move designed
to em barass
K h o m e in i
by
his
opponents,
As the last re m a in in g group
outside the g o v e rn m e n t, the
C o m m u n ists w ere assured by
K h o m e in i th at they w o u ld not be
harmed as long as they abide by the
laws prom ulgated by the C onstitu
tion.
INext: Reagan and Iran)
'
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Labor unrest hits
(C ontinuedfrom page I column 6)
tation, part of the Portland-Graham
light rail project.
Using
bullhorns,
p ro t«to rs
shouted to Hatch’s non-union em
p lo ye« that they would be better o ff
with a contract. The objective o f the
p ro m t, according to Oregon Build
ing T r a d « Council Secretary-Treas-
urer Robert Stanfill, is to get Hatch
to sit down at the bargaining table
and work out a union agreement.
A t Silver Wheel Freight L in « , a
Portland-based trucking Firm, two
Teamster pickets were injured in a
fight w ith strikebreakers the day
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Silver Wheel, which has filed for
bankruptcy, is asking em ploye« to
take a 30% wage and benefit cut.
The 2 Vi month old Teamster strike
in v o lv «
300 em plo ye« at 20
terminals in Oregon, Washington
and Idaho.
Downtown, roving boilermaker
pickets from Seattle shut down
work for an hour at the P a c W « t
Center building site on M ay 2. They
had a dispute with Isaacson Steel, a
steel fabricating firm and major
contractor on the P a c W « t project.
In brighter news, 23 union nurs«
at Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled
Children won a new contract with
out striking. They w ill receive a 6%
wage increase for the first year,
b e tt« benefits for part time n urs«,
a raise in night shift differentials,
and free parking.
"H isto rically, n u rs « have been
undervalued and underutilized,"
said Connie W eimer, labor relations
representative with the Oregon
N u rs « Association. " W e are satis
fied we made progress," she said.
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