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'70 ‘SI ‘ 76 '81
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'78 '81
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COMPOSITE
OR. 3 - 6
Mias Lavin'* 1981 first grad* class.
REAPINO CAINS OF PORTLAND PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Boise holds reunion
Boise School, located at 620 N .
Fremont, is going to be having a re­
union this F rid a y , M a y 14, fro m
5:30-9 p.m. to celebrate "Th e Way
We W ere.” There will be exhibits,
slides, music and refreshments.
In the year 1926 it was decided
that a new school was needed to re­
place Shaver School and Thompson
School, both located in Northeast
Portland.
By the spring o f 1927, all was
ready for the cornerstone to be laid.
O n that day children fro m both
schools came marching two by two,
behind a flag bearer, with each class
accompanied by their teacher to
their new educational fa c ility —
Boise School.
Boise School was named for Reu­
ben P. Boise. Boise was a Supreme
Court Judge who was very much in­
terested in education and was a
member o f the first school board o f
the City o f Portland.
70
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68. 3 - 8
School achievement rises
D r. Matthew Prophet announced
that the School District's students
surpass the national average in read­
ing and mathematics at all grade lev­
els and that gains o f from five to 14
n atio n al percentage points have
been made during the past four
years.
This assessment was made possi­
ble by the adoption in 1977 o f a
new, district-wide testing system.
In 1978 the district aver*g«,^<s4
below the national norm in mathe­
matics in all but the third grade. In
reading the district average was be­
low the national norm on the third
and eighth grade levels.
Crediting the principals, parents,
teachers and students for the signifi­
cant gain. Prophet said, " W e all
realize that there is no mission that
is more crucial to the economic and
sQcjal well-being o f this city.”
Angela Aledgsr. Eddie Qehegen. M r*. Petty Zim m erm an and
James Barfield seen on 1980-81 student council
U.S. arms: A black issue
(Part II)
by Manning Marable
' 'From The Grassroots ’ ‘
Simply to concentrate on the issue
of nuclear arms production and de­
ploym ent, as some white progres­
sives tend to do, misses several key
points. F irst, it is v ital to link the
question o f nuclear weapons sys­
tems w ith the entire network o f
death, the military-industrial com­
plex, and the billions o f dollars at
stake for certain corporate and poli­
tical interests with maintaining the
Cold W ar.
Through their political action
committees, corporations (hat pro­
duce weapons comprise an im port­
ant financial client for U .S . p o liti­
cians. Both Republican and Demo­
cratic leaders in the House and Sen­
ate— Republicans like Howard Bak­
er and Jesse Helms to Democratic
" H a w k s ” like Sam Nunn o f Geor­
gia, D aniel P. M oynihan o f New
York, and Henry "Scoop" Jackson
o f Washington, are all beneficiaries
o f the arms industries. We tend to
foiget that when Jimmy Carter was
elected President in I976, he prom­
ised to reduce defense spending by 5
to 7 b illio n dollars. W ith in six
months in the Oval O ffice, defense
spending increased to SI 11.8 billion,
the highest figure in U .S. history to
that point. It was C a rte r, a D em ­
ocrat, who revived the Cold W ar in
1980 to create an external threat,
perm itting the renaissance o f a n ti­
communist hysteria and the belief
that more bombs could guarantee
world peace. It was the Democrat
Carter who encouraged private U.S.
firms to sell billions o f dollars worth
o f arms to T h ird W o rld countries
under Am erican hegemony. Rea­
gan's wild antics on the world stage,
his bizarre contempt for peace, are
the logical and politically bankrupt
extensions o f the Carter agenda.
There is always the question o f
self-interest in politics: who benefits
from the arms race? Worldwide, the
sale o f weapons soared from $9 bil­
lion in 1969 to over $20 billion in
1980. In 1969, the U .S . weapons
sales on the world market represent­
ed about 11 per cent o f all sales. By
1980, U .S . corporations were pro­
ducing and selling $16 billion worth
o f arms, about 80 p er cent o f the
w orld’s total amount. According to
Andrew P ierre, author o f The
G lobal Politics o f A rm s Sales, the
amount o f arms sold to the oil-rich
nations o f the Persian G u lf in ­
creased 400 per cent in the 1970s.
Arms to L atin Am erican nations
jumped 300 per cent between 1969
and 1978. Shipments o f weapons to
African nations increased during the
same time by 2000per cent!
Pierre points out that before the
1970s, "m ost arms supplied (to the
Third W orld] were the surplus and
obsolete weapons o f the major pow­
ers, which they wanted to eliminate
from (heir inventories so as to make
room for new, more advanced
equipment.” This is no longer true.
In 1981, the sale o f the A W A C s to
Saudia Arabia by the United States
was for a total amount o f $8.5 bil­
lion. That single arms transaction
was w orth more than all societies
had spent on wars, large and small,
from the beginning o f human civil­
ization until the twentieth century.
It exceeds the total amount of arms
bought, sold and used by all coun­
tries during W orld W ar II.
H ow does the U .S .-p ro v o k e d
arms race with the Soviet Union af­
fect the material conditions of Third
World people? Another way o f ask­
ing this question is— what do m ili­
tary expenditures represent for hu­
mankind? The human costs o f arms
spending is almost beyond belief:
• H a lf the resources at present al­
located to m ilitary expenditures in
one day would suffice to finance a
program for (he total eradication of
malaria.
• In five hours, the world’s military
expenditures are the equivalent o f
the overall U N IC E F yearly budget
for child care programs.
•T h e number o f people working
in the m ilita ry sphere, including
armed forces s ta ff, is today twice
the total number o f teachers, physi­
cians and nurses in the world.
•Approximately 25 per cent of the
w o rld ’ s scientific personnel is en­
gaged in military activities. It is esti­
mated that 60 per cent o f the overall
scientific research expenditures is
absorbed by military programs. The
volume o f such research projects is
five times greater than that o f the
projects devoted to health protec­
tion.
•T h e countries in A sia, A frica
and Latin America allocate 5.9 per
cent o f their Gross N atio n al P ro ­
duct to weapons and military expen­
ditures, whereas they devote only
one per cent to public health and 2.8
per cent to education.
•O n e per cent o f the developed
countries' m ilitary budgets would
overcome the existing deficit in in­
ternational assistance for financing
an increase in food production and
creating emergency reserves.
•T h e cost o f a modern tank
would pay for the construction o f
1,000 classrooms for 30,000 c h il­
dren in underdeveloped countries.
•T h e price o f a T rid e n t nuclear
subm arine— the U nited States is
planning to build 13 o f them before
1990— equals the cost o f keeping 16
million children from the underde­
veloped world in school for a year;
the construction o f 400,000 dw ell­
ings for 2 m illion people; or more
than the total value o f grains im ­
ported by Africa in a year.
•The expenditures for military ac­
tivities in a year during the mid-’70s
would have financed, among other
things, a vaccination program
against infectious diseases for all
children in the world, a program for
the eradication o f adult illiteracy in
the entire w orld before the year
2000, a supplementary food pro­
gram for 60 million pregnant wom­
en, and a classroom increase for
over 1(X) million pupils.
It is time for the Black Movement
to acknowledge the necessity o f
linking the interests o f white nuclear
disarmament activists with our own.
There can be no full employment in
this country, so long as the U .S .
government wastes billions o f dol­
lars on unnecessary and dangerous
weapons. No universal health care
system, or effective public educa­
tional institutions, or humane wel­
fare system is thinkable, unless the
capital allocated for nuclear bombs
is halted. The question o f black sur­
vival into the tw enty-first century
will be mute if the w orld is en­
veloped in the flames o f a nuclear
exchange.
E
X
O
D
U
S
ducaJlumaf a-ru /J?te i/rrte e t/féeedee
1639 N.E. Alberta
PORTLAND. OREGÙN 9721 1
2 9 4 7997
APPEAL
The House o f Exodus Clean Team requests your
support!
The Exodus Clean Team is Portland’s only totally
voluntary group o f citizens who teach children to
practice respect, courtesy and responsibility through
regularly scheduled classes; and bv cleaning property
within the neighborhood.
The Exodus Clean Team’s motto is: "A clean spir­
it, a clean mind, a clean body and clean property wilt
produce a clean citizen who lives in a clean commu­
nity, and we will make it so. ”
We estimate that it w ill cost about $500,000 per
year to operate a Drug/Alcohol prevention and aver­
sion program for youth; plus the on-going commu­
nity responsibility training for neighborhood youths.
We believe this in itial budget is quite small when
compared to the direct costs o f vandalism, thieves,
burglaries and other property damages and losses
caused by irresponsible youths; plus, when you add
those losses to the cost o f building and maintaining
jails, correction facilities and prisons, plus the cost of
maintaining police and judicial systems. The truth is
the cost o f irresponsible youth is staggering.
Respect and responsibility is all that your dollars
can buy for youth at the House of Exodus, but we be­
lieve that respect and responsibility is all that our
youth really need to become an asset to our commu­
nities, rather than a liability.
Give what you can and join the many supporters of
the Exodus Clean Team.
Make your checks payable to the:
EXODUS CLEAN TEAM
P .0 . Box 11345
Portland, Oregon 97211
WE WISH TO THANK THESE SUPPORTERS OF THE EXODUS CLEAN
TEAM. WE NEED MORE REPRESENTATIVE SUPPORT FROM OUR
BLACK CITIZENS.
Portland Trailer & Equipment
Larry Kaye
Don Berger Design
Mrs. Jost
J.C. Penny
Reflexology Clinic
Judith Wyss
Daneils Dock
J. Thayer Co.
Prier Wholesale Plumbing
Victor G. Atiyeh
Georgian Press
Maletis Inc.
Genes Carburetor
Anthony E. Gallo M .D .
Tamarack Engineering
Wharchouse Floors
W .G . Moe & Sons
Peggy Herbig
Norma Hayes
VIPS
Rex C affall
Service Tire Co.
Kent Cox & Assoc.
Aladdine Enterprises
Thomas Buhl