Pag® 8 Portland Observer October 1®. 1980
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A rnaldo Tam ayo M endez, first Black man in space.
F
Tam ayo prepares for countdow n.
Tamayo was born on January 29,
1942, Guantanamo, Cuba. In those
days a boy born into a poor family
had little chance o f gaining an
education, but Tamayo managed to
com plete the eighth grade by
picking crops, shining shoes and
selling vegetables.
He was almost seventeen when
revolution triumphed, an event he
said “ was welcomed with in finite
jo y by my poor fa m ily and im ­
mediately made it possible for us to
improve our living conditions and
gave me the opportunity to make
my most cherished dream come
true, that is, to continue studying.
“ And something much more im­
portant than th a t, looking back
from today's vantage p o in t:
January 1959 opened a new world
for our country, because, in a single
stroke, the revolution cut the chains
that tied us to an old society that
held
us
in
bondage
and
discriminated against us.”
Listening to the radio in I960,
Tamayo heard Fideal Castro asking
young people to join youth work
brigades. The youth were promised
teachers, and, for the most diligent,
technological institutes and scholar­
ships to the university.
As a member o f a brigade, he
helped build schools, camps and
housing, and continued to study.
When he learned that cadets were
needed for the Aviation School, he
decided to be a pilot.
Tam ayo was s till in A v ia tio n
School when called to defend the
country against the U.S. backed in­
vasion at Playa Giron (Bay o f Pigs).
Several days later the students left
for the Soviet Union to receive a
one-year crash training program in
conventional piston engine airplanes
and jets. When he returned to Cuba
he transferred to a pursuit u n it,
where he served until selected for
the cosmonaut program.
Tamayo’s service record includes
air missions during the O ctober
Crisis in 1962 (Cuban Missle Crisis)
and in 1967 he visited North Viet­
nam and “ had the opportunity to be
selected to form part o f a m ilitary
delegation o f our Revolutionary
Armed Forces to visit that sister
nation, to study the development o f
modern technology in the struggle
against the enemy air force - in this
case the U.S. A ir Force.”
The first steps toward the Inter­
cosmos Program were taken in 1965
when representatives from nine
socialist countries met in Moscow to
organize fo r cooperative space
research. “ Without the existence o f
this program ,” Tamayo commen­
ted, “ it would have been impossible
for a country with limited resources
such as ours to carry out experi­
ments in space, much less to be able
to send one o f its citizens in to
space.”
7
The
jo in t
Soviet-Cuban
spaceflight had a particular charac­
teristic that one o f its crewmen was
a Black man from the tropics, the
other w hite from the temperate
zone. “ B alance" compared any
changes in the Cuban cosmonaut’ s
hydro-mineral balance with those o f
the Soviet cosmonauts. The test in­
cluded: water intake, urine ex­
cretion, body weight, and blood
tests. Analyses were made o f the
content o f sodium , potassium ,
calcium , magnesium, chlorides,
creatinine and other substances to
see how they are metobolized during
spaceflight.
The space flig h t conducted a
series o f twenty experiments, some
o f which were part o f the continuing
Soviet research and some of which
were designed by Cuban scientists.
Although most o f the experiments
were medical, some explored the
natural resources o f Cuba.
The Cuban experiment “ Cortex”
undertaken for the first time, con­
sisted o f a study through en­
cephalograms which measured
response in various parts o f the
brain and provided information on
brain function during spaceflight
and determ ined changes in the
The Portland Branch NAACP, in accordance with Article V, Section 7 of the
NAACP Constitution, hereby notifies you of the NEXT THREE branch
meetings which will carry out the NAACP biennial election process for o f­
ficers.
1 October 26, 1980 at 4:00 pm Highland United Church of Christ on 9th and
Going. ELECTION OF NOMINATING COMMITTEE, of which not more than
two members shall be officers of the branch or members of the Executive
Committee
2. November 16, 1980 at 4:00 pm St. Mark Baptist Church at 103 NE Morris.
The Nominating Committee must submit a report at this meeting. At this
time additional nomination may be made for all officers and elected members
of the Executive Committee by Written petition signed by three or more
members in good standing as of the time of the meeting. No one shall be
nominated by the Nominating Committee or by petition without first having
obtained his or her written consent. Branch elects Election Supervisory
Committee.
3. December 14, I960 at 3:00 pm Hughes Memorial Methodist Church at
111 N.E Failing. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. (No further nominations permit­
ted.)
Branch shall chose one Regional Board Member and six Members At Large
of NAACP National Board
Who is eligible to vote: Anyone over 17 years of age who has been a member
30 days previous to the election date.
Betty White. Secretary
SI
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OCTOBER
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INTERNATIONAL
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The spaceflight has been used as
an educational experience for the
entire nation, with school children
and adults watching on television
the experiments taking place in the
space vehicle.
C à
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i \n u
257-7711 646-1166 249-8525
115 N.E. 122
Portland, Ore.
From a tw o-year process ot
elimination, two pilots were chosen
from several hundred candidates -
Lt. Colonel Tamayo and Captain
Jose Armando Lopez Falcon. They
began then tra in in g in the Y uri
Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Cen­
ter near Moscow in March o f 1978.
Tamayo’ s wife and sons, Orlan­
do, 10, and Arnaldo, 11, accom­
panied him to the USSR.
OFFICIAL NOTICE
Lucious Hicks IV, President
brain’s electrical activity during the
flight and after return to earth. EEG
recordings
are
routine
on
spaceflights, but on previous Soviet
and U.S. spaceflights they were
taken only occassionally and only in
re la tio n to sleep and regular
patterns. The Cuban experiment in­
cludes periods o f doing simple men­
tal exercises and responding to
s tim u li. “ S u p p o rt” is aimed at
determ ing recovery and readap­
ta b ility to norm al conditions o f
g ra vity and s ta b ility o f the
locom otor system after return to
earth. The lack o f gravity and the
lack o f pressure on the soles o f the
feet bring about loss o f calcium in
the bones during spaceflight.
Tamayo wore supports to provide
pressure on the soles o f his feet for
four hours a day to determine the
relation o f decalcification to brain
response to pressure on the sole.
it f f iu h j
Two Medically - Supervised
Professional Services to
Help You:
Reaching the cosmos
On September 18th, 3:11 p.m.
EST, the Soyuz-38 spaceship was
launched in the Soviet U nion,
carrying the first Black cosmonaut,
Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, citizen of
the Republic o f Cuba, into space.
Soyuz-38 joined Salut-6 orbital
station twenty-three hours and 49
minutes later, and the two
cosmonauts were welcomed aboard
by the two Soviet cosmonauts who
had been in o rb it fo r 160 days.
Popou and R ium in offered the
newcomers, their fo u rth set o f
visitors, the traditional bread and
salt.
>u Jw l
4562 S.W. 103rd
Beaverton, Ore.
4911 N.E. Sandy
Portland, Ore.
OREGONIANS
ARE VOTING
#
ON
On b o ard th e o rb ita l space s ta tio n S a lu t-6 . T a m a y o and Yuri
Rom anenbo dem onstrate experim ents for the television audience. In
the background are Leonid Popov and Valeri Riumin. pilots of Salut-
6. (Photo by: the Granm a, from Cuban television)
CORRECTION
The Portland Police Bureau extends its apologies to the Black United
Front for using their name in its personnel advertisement o f October 9, 1980,
and to the Albina Ministerial Alliance for omitting its name. The Bureau is
sorry for any embrassment we have caused either o f these organizations.
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"Measure *7 doesn’t solve a
problem, It creates one,”
states Dr. Arthur F. Scott,
prominent Oregon scientist.
‘The overwhelming
majority of Oregon's scien­
tific community, as well as
that of our nation, believe
that we cannot meet our
energy needs in the im­
mediate decades ahead
without nuclear power.
Measure 7 would close
off the nuclear option
Join me in voting NO ”
Dr Arthur F. Scott. Chairman.
Scientists' Committee on Energy.
Professor of Chemistry. Emeritus
Reed College, and one ot Oregon s
most respected scientists
Oregon loses if Ballot Measure 7 wins We lose the option to use nu­
clear power when and if we need it. This means less energy inde­
pendence and increased reliance for America on OPEC oil Oregon
jobs and growth are also at stake Higher energy costs could result
Keep the nuclear option open
VOTE N O 7
The anti-nuclear ballot measure that would
effectively ban an important energy resource
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