9
Portland Observer
Mariana Islands spark protest
by Roger Gale
A» the U.S. ruts bark its military
commitments on foreign soil, the annexa
tion of the fourteen Northern Mariana
Islands will give it a new home ba te for
expanding m ilita ry in s talla tio n s and
booming Ameriran investment in the
Parific Basin.
Thia first legal srquisition sinre 1898
splits the UN mandated Trust Territory
of Mirronesia, sparking strong rritirism
from the UN Trusteeship Committee and
representative of the other two Mirrone
sian island chains.
Critics say the
seression of the Northern Marianas to
berome a U.S. commonwealth will rut off
the rirhest par* of Mirronesia and violate
the UN guaranteed right of self deter
mination for the whole territory.
(Mirronesia, three island chains, was
taken over from Japan by the U.S. after
World W ar II and has been administered
as a U N mandate. The mandate expires
in 1981, when the territory is supposed to
berome independent. Of the original ten
trust territories rreated after World W ar
II, onlj’ Mirronesia and Namibia (South
west A frira) remain under foreign ron
trol.l
The seression was approved by 78
perrent of the Northern Marianas' 5,300
registered voters in a U.S. sponsored
plebiscite last June.
Under the agreement, the people of the
Northern Marianas will become U.S.
citizens and will be self governing except
in .natters of military and foreign poliry.
U.S IN T E R E S T
U.S. interest in the area has always
been military. Guam, the southern most
Mariana island and a U.S. colony sinre
1898, showed its strategic potential dur
ing the Vietnam war. when B 52 bombers
based there made daily raids over Indo
china.
Army Lieutenant General James llol
lingsworth, until recently commander of
U.S. forces in Korea, told I’ NS (Pacific
News Service) in an interview that B 52s
from Guam would participate in any new
Korean war. The Mananas are closer to
the North Korean capital of Pyongyan
than to Hanoi, and they are within easy
flying range of the USSR's Pacific mill
tary headquarters in Vladivoslock.
Vital as Guam has been to recent U.S.
military strategy in the Parific, the island
is only thirty miles long. And according
to former Secretary of the U.S. A ir Force
John McLucas, has "limited spare and
facilities."
The Pentagon now wants to build a
$300 million naval and air base on the
island of Tinian, 100 miles north of Guam
and one of the Northern Marianas. The
Tinian base would compliment the mas
sive fseilMee already on Guam reducing
the need to secure approval for military
operations from foreign nations hosting
U.S. bases.
The annexation agreement includes a
50 year renewable lease by the Pentagon
on 19,182 acres of land on Tinian.
W ith U.S. direct investment in East
Asia rapidly increasing to $12 billion in
1975
the Marianas offer an attractive
home base for Ameriran firms doing
business in the region.
As a U.S.
commonwealth, the islands would pro
vide U.S. military protection, stable
political surroundings, inclusion in the
dollar zone and a familiar social environ
ment.
And the Marianas
equidistant from
Tokyo, Hong Kong and Manila
are at
the renter of a communications network
extending over the whole Pacific.
W ith Americans and Japanese seeking
island paradises, a growing tourist in
dustry invites U.S. investment. A new
international airport has just opened on
the Mariana island of Saipan, and Pan
Ameriran and Continental airlines have
recently opened hotels there, hoping to
attract some of the 240,000 tourists who
visited Guam last year.
D IV IS IO N OF M IC R O N E S IA
But U.S. interests don't necessarily
match those of the 115,000 inhabitants of
all three island chains of Mirronesia. In
1969, the Congress of Micronesia, the
legislative body for the whole Trust
Territory, rejected an offer of common
wealth status similar to the one now
being implemented. The Congress in
sisted on independence or significant
autonomy.
The rejection came at the end of five
years of intensive U.S. economic and
educational development -• including a
Peace Corps blitz of the islands under a
plan outlined by a Kennedy appointed
commission. The commission, headed by
Harvard Business School professor An
thony Solomon, had projected approval of
commonwealth status as the culmination
of the development drive.
A new effort to secure a legal U.S.
status in Mirronesia began in 1972 this
time through negotiations with a newly
formed team of representatives from the
Northern Marianas alone. In the pre
vious negotiations only the Northern
Marians, whose economy has been do
minated by U.S military installations
since World W ar II, had supported closer
ties with the U.S
Headed by Edward Pangelinan, an
attorney representing slot machine in
terests and a speculator in Tinian land,
the new negotiating team agreed on a
proposal for a Commonwealth of the
Northern Marianas separate from the
rest of Micronesia.
Four fifths of the electorate voted in
favor of annexation last June. But critics
charge the wording of the ballot was
biased. U N Charter provisions for such
plebiscites stipulate that voters must be
offered the choice of independence. But
the ballot allowed only approval or
disapproval of the commonwealth plan,
with no alternatives suggested.
Already the most developed of the
2,100 Micronesian islands, the Marianas
were promised significant economic be
nefits from annexation. These included
seven years of development aid and land
rent totalling almost $154 million, as well
as eligibility for federally funded welfare
and employment programs and food
stamps.
The rash payments alone average over
$10,000 per person and are expected to
provide improved roads, schools and
health facilities as well as jobs.
Meanwhile, as the U.S. Congress was
voting to acquire the Northern Marianas,
delegates from the Caroline and Marshall
Islands the rest of Micronesia met in a
U.S. funded constitutional convention
last summer and fall to draft a constitu
tion for a federated Micronesian nation.
Despite the cultural differences and
distances separating the islands, ronven
tion chairman Tosiwo Nakayama was
confident the constitution would work.
The very fact that the convention had
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accomplished its task "shows that Micro
nesia has a way of solving its problems,"
he said.
Even without the economically more
advanced Northern Marianas, the pro
posed state of Mirronesia has a valuable
resource in its oceans. Foreign vessels
now take an estimated $75 million werht
of fish in Micronesian waters, and under
the proposed UN law of the sea, the
islands could collect $10 million annually
in fees.
But the new state will be fragile - and
some feel it will be vulnerable to a t
tempts to incorporate it into the Ma
rianas commonwealth. In a complaint to
the U N late in November, the In te r
national league for the Rights of Man
charged that the separate vote had
violated the right of the people of
Micronesia to determine their own fu
ture. According to league counsel Jose
Gabranes, separation of the Northern
Marianas would make it "difficult if not
impossible for the other island groups to
survive as a unit.”
And in a report prepared for the
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, James F. McHenry described the
separate agreement with the Mananas as
"contrary to international law and inter
national practice."
Page 3
Thursday, April 29, 197«,
School seeks advisory committee membors
Deadline for filing petitions for one of
nine adult vacancies on the three Area
Citizens Advisory Committees of the
Portland Public Schools has been ex
tended until May 14th by the Board of
Education.
In te re s te d citizens w ill now have
another week to turn in petitions which
must have the signatures of 25 regia
tered voters. The earlier deadline was
May 7th.
Applicants do not need to
have children in school. A total of nine
vacancies are open, three on each of the
committees. Applicants must live in the
I V > \ l < .4 »VW K Y
1V /A 1N U
area for which they apply, or have a
student attending school in that area;
and must be eighteen years or older.
committees and are appointed for one
year terms.
School officials say the deadline was
extended to make sure as many persons
as possible be given opportunity to
apply.
Petitions are available from the dis
trict Public Information Office or each
of the three area offices and local
schools. Interested persons should call
the information office. 234 3392; Area 1
office. 244 7541; Area 2 office. 256-7210;
Area 3 office, 233-2487 for petitions and
they will be mailed, or individuals may
pick them up at any one of these places.
Applicants are screened by a Review
Panel of five citizens appointed by the
Board. Appointments are made by the
Hoard of Education and are expected to
be announced by mid June. Each com
mittee has nine members, seven adults
and two students.
Students are ap
pointed directly by the Board after
nomination by the student body gov
ernments in each of the high schools in
the city. Two students serve on the
CATALOG OVERSTOCK
W ards B a rgain C en ters
A FT E R EA STER SA LE
20%
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HALF PRICE
Philadelphia
to hire women
The Department of Justice obtained an
agreement to a consent decree requiring
the Philadelphia Police Department to
hire 100 women as police officers within
nine months.
Attorney General Edward H. Levi said
the proposed decree was filed in U.S.
District Court in Philadelphia. Pennsyl
vania. partially resolving an employment
discrimination suit filed by the Justice
Department. The court took the proposal
under advisement.
The suit, which was filed on February
19, 1974, charged that city officials
discriminated against women in police
jobs and that less than one percent of
Philadelphia's 7,300 police officers were
women.
The proposed order requires police
officials to fill 100 to 471 existing vacan
cies with qualified women within nine
months.
The proposed order specifies that each
of the next five police academy classes
shall include at least twenty women
selected from the eligibility list resulting
from the May 31, 1975, examination.
In addition, the 74 women who now
work as juvenile aid officers will be given
the opportunity to transfer to police
officer and to carry over seniority rights
and to have immediate promotional op
portunities.
Under the proposed order, the city will
abolish the separate job titles of police
mand and policewoman and establish the
entry level position of police officer.
During the next two years, the city will
study the performance of the 100 new
women police officers and submit a report
to the court for possible modification of
the consent decree.
The city is also required to file with the
court job statistics every six months and
for each training class of the police
academy.
The proposed decree defers resolution
of the issues of back pay and the city's
hiring and promotional policies until the
two year study is submitted to the court.
The agreement was negotiated during
a recess in the trial of the suit.
Summer school
begins June 21
Portland school district's regular sum
mer school session will begin June 21st,
Edwin Schneider, assistant superinten
dent for instructional support programs,
announced.
Summer high school sessions are sche
duled to be held at Lincoln High School
again this year. Benson High School will
also offer career education courses re
lated to facilities at the schools. High
school summer classes are scheduled to
run six weeks to July 30th.
Elementary summer school is sche
duled to begin on June 21st, and will run
four weeks to July 16th.
Summer
programs will be offered at Wilson. Grant
and Franklin high schools. Additional
elementary summer school programs will
be held in some of the Title I schools in
the district, Rasmussen said. Informa
tion about the Title I program is available
from the area offices of the school
district.
The district will alfco offer driver
education classes as part of the summer
school program. Wilson. Franklin, and
Adams high schools will serve as opera
tion centers for the program.
The
program will be divided into two sessions
beginning July fith to July 21st and again
from July 22n4 to August 6th.
Tuition for thk summer school program
is $30 for the high h^hool session and $15
for the elementary summer school pro
gram. The driver education fee is $7.50.
Tuition for out of district students is
double the regular fee.
Registration information is available in
the local elementary and high schools.
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