* •
t
Black vote low: Support Carter, Ford
Disturbingly low Black voter turnout
ratea, a decided preference among Black
Democrats for Southern born preaiden
tial candidate Jimmy Carter of Georgia,
and strong support among Black Kepub
licans for President Gerald Ford are the
significant findings of a survey conducted
in three states by the Joint Center for
Political Studies.
The Joint Center's sampling of Black
voting behavior in presidential primary
elections in Massachusetts. Florida and
Blinois aimed to determine Black Ameri
ca's response to the campaigns of an
nounced presidential aspirants of lx»th
major political parties.
The survey zeroed in on urban centers
in each state where large concentrations
of Black voters offered the most pure
sampling areas. In Massachusetts, the
Joint Center sampled Black wards and
precincts in Boston; in Florida, wards
and precincts in Orlando. Tampa, Jack
sonville, T allahassee and Pensacola,
among others; Illinois, in wards and
precincts in Chicago where Black popula
tions were more than eighty percen< of
the total.
In Boston, where in sample precincts
only 30.3 percent of registered Black
Democrats and 17.5 percent of Black
Republicans participated in the March
2nd primary balloting, Jimmy Carter
received 42 percent of the vote of Black
Democrats, and President Ford attracted
62 percent of Black Republicans' vote.
Second with Black Democrats was former
Office of Economic Opportunity Director
Sargent Shriver, an in law of the Ken
nedy political clan of Massachusetts, who
received 22 percent of the votes in Black
wards.
For Boston as a whole, the top vote
g etter was Senator Henry (Scoop»
Jackson (D Washington», with 22 percent
of the Democratic primary vote, followed
by Representative Morris K. Udall, with
eighteen percent of the citywide total.
In Florida, the Joint Center sampled 46
precincts in key urban renters across the
state. Black Democrats in sample pre
cinrts in that state gave Jimmy Carter
seventy percent of their vote and Jackson
nineteen percent. On the Republican side
in Florida, Blacks gave the President 65
percent of their vote. Again in Florida,
the Black rate of turnout at the polls at
43 percent of those registered in both
parties
was disappointly low.
And in Illinois, the home-state of De
mocratic candidate Sargent Shriver, the
Joint Center survey focused on seven
sample wards in Chicago that are almost
solidly Black. Preliminary reports indi
cate a clean sweep lor Democrat Carter,
with 4« percent of the Black vote, and a
second place finish for hometown product
Sargent Shriver, who drew approxi
inately 31 percent of the Black vote.
On the Republican side, in Chicago,
President Ford received 78 percent of the
Black vote, with candidate Ronald
Reagan, former governor of California,
coming in a distant second in the twaman
"beauty contest" race.
Also noteworthy in Illinois is the
victory of incumbent First Congressional
District U.S. Republican Ralph Metcalfe
(D Illinois), who trounced Model Cities
director Erwin France, handpicked by
the regular Democratic organization to
challenge Congressman Matcalfe. Met
calfe split with the regular organization
and with Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley
several years ago over an issue of police
brutality. Metcalfe won 71 percent of the
vote in his district and carried all but
twenty out of 403 precincts.
Of equal note in Illinois is the primary
victory of State Senate President Cecil
Partee, who won the Democratic nomi
nation for state attorney general. Par
tee's nomination marks the first time in
Illinois history that a major party in the
state has slated a Black candidate for
powerful statewide office. The only other
Black person in recent history ever
nominated and elected attorney general
of a state was Edward Brooke of Massa
chusetts, now a Republican United States
Senator.
On viewing the primary results in
Black dominated wards and precincts in
the three states surveyed, Eddie N.
Williams, president of the Joint Center,
again offered stern words of caution to
minority voters who fail to exercise the
franchise in these times. He warned that
in a period of retrenchment in social
programs, austerity in government bud
gets and erosion of gains won in earlier
years by hard. Black struggle, “Now is
not the time for Black Americans to grow
silent and lethargic when nearly every
issue in the political arena has significant
impact, often disproportionate adverse
impact, on Blacks and other minorities."
The presidential candidates, Williams
observed, are addressing themselves to
the squeakiest wheels of our society, "and
the fact is that presidential candidates
seem to be ignoring Black concerns
precisely because' we are not now
squeaking loud enough."
Concluded Williams: “...One of the
most effective ways of making sure that
our political candidates have the courage
to protect the civil rights of us all is to be
militant and aggressive at the ballot box.
That's how to put civil rights back in to
the political picture."
Portland Observer
new election, the federal BIA said that
was the tribe's responsibility.
Since
Wilson ran the tribe, no new election was
held.
Nor has the federal government done
anything to stop the most recent terror,
according to traditionals. They fear the
federal grand jury called to investigate
recent violence will be used to attack
them and have called their own "all
Indian grand jury."
After the first burst of post election
violence, they point out. Interior Secre
tary Thomas Kleppe falsely labelled it a
skirmish between two factions of the
American Indian Movement (AIM); since
then several of those whose homes were
shot at have been told they are felony
suspects; and the FBI has been found to
have lied about the most recent murder
of AIM leader Annie Mae Aquash, calling
it death from “exposure" until a second
autopsy proved the victim had been shot
in the back of the head.
The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
has since begun an investigation of the
FBI's role on the reservation, based on
community claims.
While refusing to intervene against
Wilson, the federal government has pro
secuted hundreds of traditionals and
blamed much of the violence (as Wilson
has) on AIM, labelling it an outside force
stirring up trouble. On the reservation it
is clear, however, that AIM operates with
the consent of traditional leaders.
They say AIM militance is a phony
issue, a smokescreen used to fight what
the federal government really fears - the
broader coalition of traditionals, includ
ing AIM members, demanding recogni
tion of the- 1868 treaty.
And they say the federal government
is fighting them because the situation at
Pine Ridge is in many ways a test case,
with more at stake than the demands of
the Oglala Sioux.
Should the Indians at Pine Ridge gain
self-determination, the U.S. government
could face a growing storm of similar
dem ands from other reservations -
where, in many cases, the U.S. would risk
losing control of vast reserves of mineral
wealth.
Petitions are available for citizens who
may wish to serve on one ol the three
Area Citizens A dvisory Com m ittees,
Portland school officials have announced.
The process for selection of student
members is also underway in the four
teen District high schools.
Three vacancies for adult members
exist on each of the three committees,
which were established in 1970 to advise
the Area Superintendents on educational
program, building and operational needs,
budget preparation, identification of
goals and a variety of other matters.
»% I( .< »A/M »
P a vai n
I]
Ea..S committee is composed of seven
adults and two students. Students are
selected by the Board of Education from a
group designated by the student councils
in each of the public high schools in
Portland. Students are full fledged vot
ing members and participate on an equal
basis with citizen members. Student
members serve one-year terms.
Adult petitions, along with biographi
cal sketches, are to be submitted to the
Public Information Office of the Portland
School District by those persons wishing
to apply, no later than May 7. 1976. The
student nomination deadline is April 30,
Sheriff I^ee P. Brown was guest speak
er at the first event of a week long Rlack
Cultural Week presented by the Black
Cultural Society of Portland Community
College.
Speaking on “A Humanistic Approach
to Law." Dr. Brown observed that crime
is a major problem. Crime is not evenly
distributed and there are large numbers
of unreported crimes. There are inequi
ties in arrests, with a disportionate
number among Blacks under 25 years of
age. Police are not successful in arrests
for crimes committed and the corrections
system is not successful in rehabilitation
of offenders.
Fifty nine percent of all murders are
committed by handguns and the vast
majority are committed by persons who
know the victim.
Dr. Brown spoke briefly on the neces
sity of focusing on proper methods of
Contract M anagem ent Association Inc.
PROFESSIONAL
MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND COMMUNICATIONS
eliminating crime by getting at the
factors that breed crime - ghettos, bad
housing, low-income, racism, discrimina
tion, unemployment, drugs and alcohol.
Concentrated efforts must come from the
entire community by instituting mean
ingful education that will lead to a
greater productive life for all. Improve
ment of the Law Enforcement Depart
ment and irradication of poverty are a
necessity for "we canr.ot accept a law
breaking society as a way of life.”
Other speakers for Black Cultural
Week include Ms. Freddye Petett, Ad
ministrative Assistant to the Mayor and
Dr. William Harris, Professor at Portland
State University. The widely acclaimed
film “Nothing But a Man" will be shown
Friday noon at the Cascade Auditorium?
Servicing businesses and Professionals who wish to grow
Special emphasis on minority businesses and Professionals
for
Counselling, Implementation Processes
and Technical Assistance
288-8469
3 9 3 3 N.E. Union Portland, Oregon
1976.
Advisory committee adult members
whose terms expire on July 1, 1976 are:
Area 1 - Lois Pope, Fred Flowers and
Deanne Ater.
Area 2 - Zelma Kearney, Jane Rhodes
and Costella McCullough.
Area 3 -- Beria Brooks, Mildred Ben
nett and Ellis Casson.
P etition s for adults are available
through the Public Information Office
and each of the schools in the city.
Students can obtain information by con
tacting their building principal
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Sheriff discusses causes of crime
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Page 3
School committee petitions available
Roots of war at Pine Ridge
(Continued from p. 1 col. 6)
month and his people renew their fight
The report states further that if im
for sovereignty and control over their
mediate steps are not "taken to increase
land, police and jobs, many believe the
the chances of traditional or higher blood
violence will escalate.
quantum Indians entering the land usage
The traditionals fear not only the — field...within a short span of time, Oglala
mixed blood "goons" but also the reser
land will be overwhelmingly controlled
vation's white ranchers. Well organized
and owned by Indians who are less than
in such right wing paramilitary groups as
1/32 degree of Indian blood."
Posse Comitatus and the South Dakotans
The report says ninety percent of the
for Civil Liberties, they may react with
land is already controlled by whites and
force if Trimble threatens their control of
Indians with little Indian blood.
reservation lands.
Further, the BIA and mixed bloods
P o w e r B alance
have controlled the reservation's police
The form of tribal government imposed
force leading to what traditionals call a
by the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs
dual system of justice. Last year the BIA
(BIA) in 1934 has been tbe key to mixed
found in an investigation that many BIA
blood and white power. Ratified in 1934
police admitted "selective enforcement"
in an election few traditionals could take
due to “family and political ties."
part in because the ballots were only in
And when Wilson took office he went
English, the BIA system is seen by many
one step further, successfully applying
as illegal, a violation of the 1868 treaty.
for federal grants to set up his own police
Many traditionals have ignored it, con
force.
tinuing to look to their old form of
A disproportionate number of all ar
government with its traditional chiefs,
rests - ninety percent - by these
headmen and spiritual leaders.
mixed blood law enforcement officials are
As a result few traditionals have voted
of traditional full bloods, according to the
for tribal council and president over the
BIA.
years. Those who have voted and thus
Federal Role
those who have been elected have been
The federal governm ent not only
primarily mixed bloods who have identi
created the governmental structure ai
fied with white ways.
lowing for this almost apartheid system,
By virtue of their governmental power,
but it has protected those in power when
mixed bloods have come to monopolize
the traditionals have attempted to re
federally funded tribal jobs. Now total
move them.
ling 900 on a reservation of 15,000 people
In the months before the 1973 occupa
- seventy percent of them unemployed
tion of Wounded Knee, traditionals filed
these jobs are the reservation's second
nearly 150 civil rights violations com
most important source.
plaints charging Wilson and his “goons"
Likewise mixed bloods (and whites)
with beatings, threats and other violence.
have come to monopolize the primary
The federal government responded to
resource: grazing lands. Traditionals tell
none of them.
of being denied the credit necessary to
Traditionals also asked the govern
buy cattle, then forced by the BIA to
ment to audit Wilson's tribal books,
lease their land to mixed bloods and
charging that he siphoned off federal
whites at rates far below those an open
funds for pay offs and bribes. Nothing
market situation would bring.
was done until after the demands were
A 1974 report kept secret by the BIA
repeated as part of the settlement at
but obtained by PNS confirms the claim,
Wounded Knee - and then federal offi
stating that "those Indians who have
cials found that Wilson had often not kept
greater degrees of Indian blood are those
records. Still no action was taken.
who are least likely to obtain financial
In 1974 Wilson won a narrow victory in
support to enter the user market and are,
an election the U.S. Commission on Civil
therefore, more likely to be forced to
Rights called "permeated with fraud."
lease their land or to sell it.”
Rut when the Commission called for a
Thursday. April 8, 1976
No phone or mail ordere plaaaet
/M O N T G O M E R Y
J u st say, “Charge it!” à
tf
i ir « tfK i
VAUGHN
ST. STORE
27th and N.W. Vaughn
à
Open M on and Fri 93 0 -9 0 0
Sun 1100-5:00: Other day». 930-5.30
a
a ■%> a
1
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oas at. from Vaughn St. atom
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U nion Ava. at K illingaworth
Open Friday night 9 3 0 4 :0 0
Sun . 11 00-5:00. Other day». 930-5:30