r
Europe’s New Year Storms
(Continued from p. 1 col. 6)
all times are Greenwich Mean Tim e
(Central European Tim e is one hour
Tim e W inters, Roger Reed and Nella Geisert in a scene from “To Be Young, Gifted
and Black."
•
Hansberry play scheduled here
"To Be Young, Gifted and Black", by
Ixirraine Hansberry. will be presented in
three Portland performances by Ixmc
Community College The play, sponsored
by an Oregon Arts Commission grant,
will be performed for Grant High School
starting on February 12th, and for the
public at Portland State University and
at Portland Community College's Cas
cade Center
The Portland State University perfor
ma nee will be at 8:00 p.m. at Park
Theatre. S.W. Broadway and Hall, and
the Portland Community College showing
at 8:00 p.m. at Cascade Hall. 705 N.
Killingsworth.
“To Be Young, Gifted and Black" is the
story of !x>rraine Hansberry in her own
words. Woven together by her husband
from Miss Hansberry's diaries, letters,
notebooks and plays, the play is free
flowing, the scenes merging with one
another without sharp divisions.
No
single member of the cast plays Miss
Hansberry; rather, all of them male and
female. Black and white
portray her
and those who most affected her.
Committee studies jail move
Donald Clark, Chairman of the Multno
mah County Board of Commissioners, has
named an Advisory Committee for the
replacement of Rocky Butte Jail.
The jail is in the path of the proposed
1 205 freeway, and is appointing the
committee. Clark said, “This is a
once in a generation opportunity to re
shape the corrections services of this
county."
District Court Judge Donald Ixtnder as
Chairman of the Committee and Sheriff
I * e Brown is Director of the planning
project.
Also appointed to the committee were:
Patrick Dooley, Judge of the Circuit
Court; Harl Haas. Multnomah County
District Attorney; James Hennings.
Multnomah County Public Defender; Phil
Smith. Portland Police Bureau; Paul
Nagy. Multnomah County Division of
Note!
y0 0 '
fflARCH OF D im es
Public Safety;
Sue Juba. Ix-ague of
Women Voters; Jerome LaBarre, M u lt
nomah Bar Association; Dr. Gary Perl-
stien, Portland State University; Dan
Mosee, Multnomah County Commission
Hazel G. Hays. Director of the Albina
Human Resource Center; Bill Moshofsky,
Georgia-Pacific Corporation; and Rita
Clinton, YM C A Women's Prison Project.
e» ;
later.)
The early motion of the storm was
typical for w inter storms in the Atlantic,
moving generally northeast (see the
accompanying map). As the center
approached Great Britain, it began to
accelerate and intensify. The storm then
slowed, only to intensify very suddenly as
it passed over Scotland, dropping from
984 millibars to 975 millibars in only six
hours. (Millibars refer to air pressure: a
pressure of 1000 millibars is about
normal; 970 millibars is very low,
although a hurricane, which is a much
smaller storm than a full scale w inter
storm, has pressures of 940 millibars. The
figures given refer to the pressure at the
center of the storm.)
Storm winds gusted to 100 mph in
England on Friday, January 2nd. knock
ing out power stations there, and began
to push water in the North Sea into the
coast of German and Denmark. Although
the British Meteorological Services pub
lished a bulletin on Friday, announcing
this as a wind of Force 9 (indicating winds
of over hurrican strength), the warning
did not appear in the British press. The
French daily Le Monde was the one paper
on the continent, to pick up the warning,
which was then published as a regular
weather report. Simultaneously workers
at the National Meteorological Bureau in
France went out on strike. The Parisian
daily Le Figaro published on January 2nd
a notice reading, “a partial strike at the
National Meteorological Bureau does not
allow us to produce a weather map
today." Since this strike assumes unusual
significance for the fate of the continent
during the storms, it must be thoroughly
investigated to determine the possibility
of its instigation by provocateurs or other
means of manipulation. Although the
ocean weather bureau in Hamburg. West
Germany knew of the impending storm as
early as the morning of January 2nd. the
German daily Die W elt received an
official weather report from the bureau
predicting warm and mild weather. The
Hamburg bureau sent no storm warning
until 1:45 p.m., on January 2nd. when
storms for southern Germany were
reported on evening T V .
By midnight. January 3rd storm center
pressure had dropped to 972 millibars,
and the center had moved to the
southwest roast of Norway. W ith the
strongest winds 200 miles from the
center, w ater in the North Sea began to
pile up along all the coasts bordering the
storm. The Meteorology Office in Eng
land began to put out notices of flood tide
warnings which undoubtedly sounded
very strange to the population. The office
gave warnings for “areas 12, 13, and 14
etc. but no one was told where these
areas were until later, when the BBC
intervened to explain' the mysterious
warnings. W eather reports in the Euro
pean wide press were fairly innocuous up
until-virtually the moment the storm hit.
In Denmark, where 20,000 people were
evacuated once the storm hit, the
computerized advance flood warning
system failed to work, according to a
report in the london Times. Further
more, an alert put out by the parallel
Austerity hits county
(Continued from p. 1 col. 6)
The state will pick up the recall
procedure, but the time involved will be
increased greatly.
There will be no
inspection of meat.
• Family Counselling
rut by 25
percent, saves $30,000. Family Counsell
ing provides marital counselling, family
counselling and homemaker services.
• Dental
87 percent rut. saves
$123.000.
Provides dental care for
low income children.
This cut will
eliminate four of the five clinics, leaving
only the one at Buckman School.
• Medical Clinics and Neighborhood
Health Nursing - 25 percent cut. saves
$238,000. Eliminates clinics at the Court
House, Gresham Clinics and Community
Health Nurses. Sellwood Clinics and
Community Health Nurses, Columbia
Villa Clinic and Community Health
Nurses, Southeast Clinic and Nurses.
Community Health Nurses Elderly Ser
vice. and Public Health Nurse at Rocky
Butte. In 1974, one third (fifty) of the
county’s 150 public health nurses were
terminated, the school nurse program
was eliminated, and public health nurses
now respond to one third of the calls they
receive. A fte r the cuts, it is estimated
they will respond to one fifteenth of the
ells as compared to 1973.
• Project Health - cut ten percent,
saves $31,000. Program provides health
services to low income persons.
• School Mental Health - eliminated,
saves $31,000. Provides counselling to
school children with problems and their
parents, and assists teachers to work
with these children. Gives students an
objective person to turn to for assistance.
• Outpatient Mental Health
cut 31
percent, saves $100,000. A t one time this
program provided mental health services
in the community to prevent need for
hospitalization and assistance to persons
coming out of mental institutions in their
period of adjustment. Currently service
is restricted to those entering and those
leaving the hospital. A fte r the proposed
cut. only those coming out of hospitals
will receive help.
• J A N IS
eliminated, saves $65,000
This program provides group care for
teena'gers with drug and alcohol prob
lems. Its elemination will bring about
their institutionalization.
• Multnomah County Action Agency
iM C C A A ] -- elemination, saves $42,000.
This is the county's “W ar on Poverty"
program, offering a variety of services to
the poor.
These program cuts, along with
administration ruts, savings on rents, etc.
will save the county $2,051,764. Another
$379.800 will have to be found in the
remaining programs.
These budget cuts w ill sincerely limit
the availability of health, dental and
mental health services to persons in need.
The City of Portland provides no health
or dental services and its other social
programs are limited. State services are
largely restricted to welfare recipients
and residents of institutions.
a bargain in nutrition
W hite-100% Whole Wheat-Wheat
Hillbilly—Roman Meal—Rye
THE
BREAD
7
Resides the direct effects of loss of
services, the cuts will eliminate m ary
jobs in a time of high unemployment,
with the accompanying lowering of the
income tax revenue. lx>ng range coats
will increase many times with the added
need for hospitalization, institutionaliza
tion in mental hospitals and jails; the
deterioation of health and education; are
the loss of productivity of the indi
vidual.
Portland Observer
manually operated flood tide warning
system was buried by the head of the
system. Dr. Christainsen. I f there is an
investigation of this failure, it is being
blacked out by the press.
Near the mouth of the Elbe, the water
level on January 3rd was 14 feet above
normal at the narbor in Hamburg,
threatening to block the cooling water
supply of a nearby nuclear power station.
Immediate fears arose that without
adequate cooling w ater, the station's
reactor's core would melt, producing a
team explosion, rupturing the station and
releasing nuclear contaminants into the
seashore.
in more air which then releases its heat as
its water content freezes, continuing the
process. When the crystals become large
enough, they fall as snow, changing to
rain if the temperature of the lower air is
sufficiently warm.
Most known experiments to date
involved relatively small systems. Clouds
have been seeded to produce more rain
than would have fallen (usually only ten
per cent of the water content of a cloud is
precipitated naturally), or hail storms
have been prevented by stimulating its
precipitation prematurely from the sy
stems. Hurrican modification was begun
as a classified program in 1947. Under the
program called "Stormfury," the United
Second Sterns
States Navy seeded hurricanes at first in
Before the first storm was over, the
the wall clouds of the eye; seeding was
same region was struck by another storm
then moved outward from the center.
which produced winds from the same
Since the eye of a hurricane is a region of
direction, adding to the damage, and
very strong updraft, it was through that
piling up water at the European end of
the updraft region could be expanded,
the North Sea. The effects of the storms
thereby expanding the whole storm. The
were by no means limited to the coastal
circulation pattern, and therefore the
countries. According to a Lendos Times winds, would decrease in the same way
report. Czechoslovakia had 72 hours of
that a skater's spin slows down when his
continuous and severe storm weather.
arms are extended outward. In one
Other Eastbloc countries reported heavy
experiment, wind speeds were reduced
flooding, together with massive disrup
by ten to twenty percent on three dif
lion of communication, transportation,
ferent occasions with the same hurricane,
and electrical public, which produces
with the effects lasting up to eighteen
much of the coal for the country, was
hours each time. Stormfury attracted
severly affected.
much attention when charges were made
In the immediate wake of the storm
against the program that several hurri
disruptions. W erner Maihofer, the West
canes were diverted into the coast, into
German Interior M inister and the only
Atlantic. Georgia, and into Cuba and
West German cabinet member not on
Honduras, for example.
vacation at the time, formed an emer
Dr. St. Amand, has successfully seeded
gency crisis government. This was in
w inter storms on the Pacific roast using
response not only to the storms, but to
both airplanes and a seeding generator
renewed terrorist threats against West
located on a mountain top over 3400 feet
German airports. As with the case of the
above sea level. He has also achieved
strike at the French Meteorological
success in storm track diversion, al
Bureau, so-called terrorist threats of this
though there has been no public comment
nature have been repeatedly exposed to
on results with storms of the size of those
be manipulated from the highest levels of in question here.
the C IA and associated agencies.
Nevertheless, the fact that the first
storm increased in intensity over Scot
Three seemingly coincidental occur
land. with its well-placed mountains, and
rences around the storms must be noted
the fart that the storm soon after
by any intelligent observer of interna
changed its track in an extremely
tional politics. The Swedish newspaper.
unlikely direction, all contribute to a
Aftonbladet. controlled by Swedish So
prims facie case for weather modification.
cial Democratic Prem ier and long-time
Using data from winter 1971-1972
N A TO agent Olof Palme, printed a study.
storm modification experiments carried
December 30th, by the Stockholm
out off the coast of California and scaling
International Institute for Peace Re
up the operation used at that time, we
search, itself a long-time NATO-connect
ran see that the ability to minimally
ed source, which in effect predicted in
modify a storm such as the first to hit
detail the weather attack that occurred
Europe this year is well within existing
later in the week. Author of the study.
capability.
"Prospects for the Future," Frank«
The fact that the latter path of the
Barnaby noted that, since a nuclear strike
second storm took the same direction as
would probably entail a full retaliatory that of the first is equally questionable.
response, a “future war" in Western However, an assessment of the possi
Europe could be fought by directing bility of weather modification of the
storms, cyclones and typhoons against second storm is difficult at this time due
the enemy, by redirecting rivers to to a limited general scientific under
provoke floods, by poisoning rivers and
standing of the overall behavior of the at
water supplies and by manipulating mosphere in circumstances such as those
rainfall to provoke economic conse
caused by the first storm.
quences like famine.
Call for Investigation
Three weeks previous, Danish. Swed
Members of Europe's leading anti-
ish and W est German Civil Defense and
Rockefeller industrialist factions have
Civil Preparedness officials met jointly in
already taken the question of weather
Copenhagen
immediately
after
the
modification of these devastating storms
Swedish and Danish armed forces had
into serious consideration. Gerhard Stol-
participated in a joint maneuver around a
tenberg. the Christian Democratic Union
population evacuation scenario involving
(CDU) Prim e Minister of the West
the explosion of a nuclear fission plant.
German state of Schleswig-Holstein, a
During the storm itself, the city of
leader of this faction in W est Germany,
Bonn, W est Germany, experienced a
stated at a January 6th press conference
power failure thst was, as of current
that the possibility of the use of
reports, in no way related to the storm.
deliberate
“meteorological
warfare"
methods such as cloud seeding during the
Feasibility of W eather Modification
two storms cannot be excluded, and
Although no hard proof can be
demanded an immediate, thorough in
presented at this time, that the two
vestigation of the matter.
storms in question were subject to
As Stoltenberg recognized there is no
weather modification, there is strong
,
.
.
.
indication that this is the case even if the Auvst.on that the storms, from both the
scientific and the political standpoints,
civilian and m ilitary mobilization are not
taken into account. Two aspects of the were unusual. I t is well known that the
storms: 1) The severe intensification of United States and N A T O m ilitary forces
the first storm over Scotland, and 2) The
southeast track of both storms during
their periods of intensification, provide
the indication.
W eather systems involve a complicat
ed relationship between micro- and
macro-processes. Micro processes include
the changes in phase between vapor,
liquid, and solid, and the heat transferred
when w ater passes from one phase to
another. About 540 calories of heat are
released for every gram of water vapor
that condenses into w ater drops, and 80
calories are released when a gram of
water freezes. This small amount of heat
becomes enormously significant when
large amounts of w ater are involved.
Changes in phase are induced by changed
tem perature and pressure of the air.
Macro-processes involve interaction
between large air masses with different
internal characteristics and involve the
interaction of these masses with the
earth's gravitational field and its spin.
The amount of energy involved in
changing the macro-processes is very
large -- typical systems involve energy
transfers equivalent to thousands of
nuclear blasts the size of the Hiroshima
bomb. W eather modification programs
concentrate "on affecting the micro-pro
cess in order to affect the macro-process.
The concept underlying weather modi
fication is to trigger the inherent
instability in these weather systems.
Most of the publicly known processes
involve forms of cloud seeding, which
forces an increase in the rate of
condensation of w ater into ice. In the
cloud seeding process, w ater droplets in
clouds are forced to freeze by providing
crystals that resemble the structure of
ice, such as silver iodide. Once freezing
has begun, more w ater is theh able to
freeze using growing crystals as tem
plates. Depending on the physical condi
tions of the system, the heat released by
this process can cause updrafts bringing
Thursday. February
5. 1976
Page »
are
currently working to
operational capability for startling
ther modification maneuvers. The So
viets have repeatedly warned of such
capabilities, and as recently n June of
1975, the East German military journal
Armeerwadeebaa noted that NATO 's
continuing research in “geophysical w ar”
technologies, and documented N A T O
weather modification techniques for
creating tornadoes, earthquakes, hurri
canes and “windows" in the earth's ozone
layer which would allow highly destruc
tive cosmic radiation to hit the earth's
surface.
In January and March 1974, the Senate
committee on Foreign Relations held
hearings on weather modification before
the Subcommittee on Oceans and In te r
national Environment; Senator Pell,
subcommittee chairman, raised questions
which resulted in both sn environmental
ist frenzy over the capability of weather
modification, even in the prim itive form
carried out in V iet Nam. and a
subsequent coverup of much of the
ongoing United States N A T O research
into weather modification.
In these hearings, the subcommittee
heard testimony from D r. St. Amand on
the possibility of modifying w inter
storms, which has not been publicized.
The subcommittee asked for clarification
of the participation by the Central In
telligence Agency, the National Security
Council, and the office of International
Security Affairs in the Defense Depart
ment. In particular, a report with
"Secret" classification of an Inter-agency
panel of the National Security Council,
the Pollack Committee, was requested,
but the report was not supplied, and is
still classified. The State Department
was involved acting as mediator for the
weather modification research and de
ployment on the field.
The direction in which this initial
investigation must be taken, should be
made clear in light of the new hearings
convening before the same committee on
January 21st, 1976.
To reach a competent assessment of
the operational and immediate future
capabilities of weather modification, we
must have the following questions
answered:
• W hat covert research not previously
revealed by the Pell subcommittee
investigations has been conducted? What
are the realized and potential capabili
ties?
• What operational capabilities, based
on such research, have been set up by
United States or N A T O forces?
• W hat is the role of the C IA . tbe NSC.
and DO D and adjunct agencies and think
tanks in planning and deploying research
and operations?
If these questions are left again
unanswered by the 1976 hearings, the
already substantial possibility for wide-
scale destruction of crops, cities and
populations through misuse of weather
modification technologies will be signifi
cantly increased.
Weather modification has important
and valuable potential use. as does any
applied science, and the avenues for
productive research are clear. Critical
research areas are the relationship
between the ionosphere and weather
systems in the atmosphere, and particu
larly how the ionosphere is related to
solar magnetic phenomena and the solar
wind.
W hether weather modification techno
logies are applied to scientific develop
ment of the worldwide productive forces,
or wielded as new weapons of destruction
by the political forces in whose hands
they now lie. will be determined in groat
part by the investigations of tbe
committee.
OUTLET
STORE
on Swan Island
SAVE O N APPLIANCES
Floor Samples, Customer Returns. Freight Damaged and
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Hours: Mon. thru S a t 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.