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White Attitudes
* special/y doveloped!
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dependability!
Toward Black People”
* lu ll Z enith q u a lity!
* giant screon console!
( f his a rticle is drawn from
the book "W hite Attitudes Io
ward Black People", byD r.
Angus Campbell, dlrectoi of
tie Michigan Institute fo r So
cial Rou search -
E ditor)
1
A R i'4 i
n R
By D r. Angus Campbell
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Rep. Edith Green
C o m e in to d a y !
WHITE
MANN
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U n io n A v e
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A p p lia n c e m a d e
Representative Edith Green,
D - ( jr e , met Monday, October
II, 1971, with 20 Oregon col
lege president* In tire Sylvania
Formal Dining Room, P ort
land Community College, to
discuss pending leglslatlonfor
hlglret education.
M rs. Green outlined her
financial aid to higher edu
cation b ill. House H ill 7248,
which Iras t«en voted out of
Committee and w ill be up for
rule the week of October 18.
Sire emphasized that more
general rattier tia n categori
cal financial assistance should
he given to colleges because
college adm inistration la In
the beat position to deckle
how aid should be used, she
added that without federal
asaiatance
to Institutional
operating funds, many col
leges, especially small ones,
w ill Ire forced to close their
dooia.
M rs. Greene's b ill
would provide financial assis
tance to colleges based on
student enrollment and then
leave it to the college how
twat to spend the funds. She
drove hard on the point that
college administrator s are
moat competent to determine
what is best for their Insti
tutions.
With
regard to student
financial aid, M ra. Green
fwlieves greater fle x ib ility
should be given to the insti
tution in distributing student
financial aid. C urrent guide
lines prevent students from
middle income fam ilies from
receiving assistance. M rs.
Green supports the current
Economic Opportunity Grant
which gives colleges flexibi
lity in administering the pro
gram .
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(cont. from pg. I col
TbJ D is tric t ofNon-ExIstence
The (question now is what
w ill happen In the next ten
years
when
redtstrlctlng
comes up again? I wonder
if 1, a black man, w ill be
stronger In number to attract
the attention of tbJ politician;
If not I w ill continue to be
at the mercy of the white
citizens of Portland, hoping
that they w ill find me worthy.
I know too well, as do my
black brother s, that the ver
dict again w ill he guilty with
no representation. F o r again
I w ill txslleve In the Immor
ta lity of black people, because
1 have within me tits immortal
longings to be represented.
(cont. from pg. J col. 2)
•<«p Brown Captured
by way of protest against the
law, a law which neither 1 nor
any of my people have any
say in preparing. The law
against which the protest was
directed (the law whlchdenles
fieedom) is the law which
established this country. ”
" I consider myself neither
m. t ally nor legally bound to
vtxey laws made by a body in
which I have representation.
I hat the w ill of the people
Is the basis of the authority
ot government Is a principle
universally acknowledged as
sacral throughout the c iv i
lized world and which con
stitutes the basic foundation of
fieedom and Justice.
It is
expected that tbs ruling class
bo m orally and legally bound
by the laws governing this
country. U should he equally
understandable that we. as
Black people, should adopt
the attitude that we are neither
m .,rally nor legally bound to
olxjy lawswhlchwerenotmade
with our consent and which
seek to oppress us. Nor can
we be expectetl to have con
fidence In courts that Inter
pret aivj enforce such laws.
The white man makes all the
laws; he drags us before his
courts; he accuses us, and
hs sits in Judgement over us.”
Tip» fo r Vets
Q. 1 am a Vietnam service
man hospitalized (ending dis
charge. I recently applied for
vocational rehabilitation, tnd
understand I w ill he rated for
service-connected d isa b ili
ties by the VA before I am dis
charged. W ill this rating set
the one year period that I w ill
have to apply fo r service dis
abled veternans* Insurance?
WILKINS
URGES:
their views on racial ques
tions. It there is anydlffer-
ence In the doctrines of the
two churches on these mat
ters, it is not reflected in the
attitudes
of then parish
ioners.
Jewish people, on the other
hand, are substantially more
likely than either of the larger
religious groups to support
A . No. The one year al
Roy Wilkins, chairman of
racial
Lntergration ami to lowed fo r applying fo r ser
the Leadership Conference on
sympathize
w it h various vice-disabled veterans Insur
C ivil Rights has urged
aspects of the black protest. ance begins with the date of
President Nixon not to ap
They are also more supportive the fir s t notice of d isability
point to the U S Supreme
of proposals to Improve the lot
rating sent to you by VA after
Court persons who w ill
of blacks in the cities.
discharge.
'evoke divisive confirmation
Protestants and Catholics
struggles
There are now
both d iffe r a great deal in how
two vacancies on the High
often they attend church serv
Court
ices. Some attend regularly;
Q. A re there any Income
some never go. But there are and cre d it requirements a vet
no consistent differences In eran must meet In obtaining a
The noted c iv il rights
the racial attitudes of those VA loan fo r a mobile home?
leader made his views known
who attend church regularly
m a letter addressed to the
and those who do not attend at
White House M r Wilkins told
a ll.
the President that he was
Attendance at church serv
A . No, there Is no set in
conveying the unanimous
ices a p p e a r s to have no come requirement.The terms
views of representatives to
influences on the racial at of repayment of the Ioan, how
the Leadership Conference
titudes, with one Important ex ever, must bear a proper re
who discussed the matter last
ception: the more o fte n a lationship to the veternan's or
Friday.
Protestant orCatholic attends serviceman’ s present and an
church, the less w illing lie is ticipated
The Conference
is a
Income and ex
to accept violence as a Justi penses, and he must be a sat
coalition of more than 120
fiable response to black rio t isfactory credit risk.
national civil rights, labor,
ing.
religious
and
civic
Many blacks believe white
organizations
people dislike them and want
to keep them down, but the
Q. May a veteran who is
M r Wilkins said the Con
fact is that only a small m inor receiving compensation from
ference members recognize
ity of the white population the VA arrange to paya policy
the President's right to a p
expresses overtly h o s t ile
loan on his National Service
point persons philosophically
attitudes toward black people. Life Insurance out of this
in tune with his beliefs But he
They do not hesitate to c r lti- monthly benefit?
warned that the appointment
clse black people and to show
of persons opposed to civil
a lack of sympathy for their
rights
progress
in
the
problems, but we find very
Supreme Court and in the
A
.
Y
es.
It
Is
a
most
con
little support for counter-
Congress could lead to a
venient and relatively painless
violence.
n a tio n -s p littin g
con
way
to
accomplish
this
repay
Although most white people
frontation."
ment.
VA
Form
29-888,
In
feel that blacks 3re pressing
too fast fo r what they want, surance Deduction Authoriza
The Conference chairman
very few whites have done tion, available from any VA of
urged the President to ap
anything to hinder the black fice, should be completed and
point
someone
whose
sent to the office which has
movement fo r change.
dedication to civil rights for
your Insurance records.
all Americans would help
Some of the support Indi
cates only minimal commit
unify the country
ment - making a contribution
"W e are certain there are
If you're riding a bike this
to a black church or giving
q u a lifie d persons in all
fa ll, hear these safety tips
old clothes to a black maid.
regions of America whose
But other support reported from the PORTLAND TRAF
appointments would unite this
by white people in v o lv e s F IC S A F E T Y COM MISSION:
country and uphold the
F lrs t of a ll, obey all tra ffic
various form s of political ac
dignity of the Court," M r
tivism - picketing, boycott, rules - - Just like a car. Ride
Rilkins said, making it clear
circulating {petitions,
and single file well over to the
that the Conference would not
other work w *l. Wack groups. right of the roadway. And
oppose a nominee simply
Acts of charity towards black above all don't weave back
because the nominee was a
people are reported about as and forth into several lanes
Southerner
frequently by white people who of tra ffic .
are opposed to change In tra
ditional patterns of race rela
tions as by those who are pre
pared to accept change.
Acts of political support for
the causes of black people are
reported only by white people
whose racial attitudes are
strongly positive.
Fi// Suprem e
Court with
unity in m ind
The white population In
A m erica's citie s is not uni-
veisally ra cist, as some have
charged nor can It even be di
vided into contrasting cate
gories that could tie called
racist and nonracist.
White Americans are racist
in degree.
Some white Americans want
to keep the black man in " h is
place;" send him back to A f
rica, if necessary. Relatively
few would go that fa r but many
would oppose legislation that
would bring blacks intocloser
Contact, especially Into their
neighborhoods.
Some white people give ver
bal approval to tie principle of
racial equality but tle y are
disturbed by the pace of change
In race relations now going on.
There Is a m inority of the
white
population, however,
who display no racist orienta
tion, who are sympathetic to
the black protest and In some
cases contribute to It.
America can be called a rac
ist country in the same sense
tliat it is called a rich country.
As a whole the country has less
racial equality than some
other countries - B ra zil, fo r
example — hut not every
American is a ra cist. A m eri
ca is also ric h e r than most
other countries but not every
American Is rich .
The Univei slty of Michigan's
Institute for Social Research
(ISK) has found that when white
Americans talk about racial
problems their attitudes are
often conflicting and ambigu
ous,
‘ ;n the positive side, fo r ex
ample, we find that:
• E lghty-slx per cent say
they would not mind at ail hav
ing a qualified black as a
supervisor on th e ir Job;
• Slxty-mne per cent think
blacks are Justified In using
orderly marches to protest
against racial discrim ination;
• Sixty-eight per cent say
they believe many or some
blacks miss out on good hous
ing because white owners
won't rent o r sell to them;
• Sixty-seven per cent say
they favor law stopreventdis-
crlnilnatlon against blacks In
Job hiring ami promotion.
On ties other hand there are
many indications of apprehen
sion and resistance tochange.
Of the white people ISR inter
viewed in the cities:
• Sixty-seven per cent say
However, many good In
black people are pushing too
tentions are not converted into
hard for what they want;
any kind of social action. Most
• Fifty-one percent oppose
white people do not lend any
laws to prevent racial dis
active support to the move
crim ination in housing;
ment toward racial equality
• T h irty-th re e per cent say
even when they are generally
that 11 they had small children
sympathetic to It.
they would rather the children
have only white friends;
Evidence from our survey-
• Twenty-four per cent of
makes clear that the pre
those old enough to vote say
vailing white attitude In the
they would not vote fo r a
cities is fa r from the monoli
qualified black of their own
thic opposition to change which
party preference who was run
It Is sometimes represented
ning fo r the mayor of their
to be.
c ity .
When we look Into the back
Although white peopetendto
ground of these white people
think of police control as the
we find that th e ir racial out
look d iffers substantially ac
cording to the section of the
country they come from .
Although alt of the people in
terviewed in the survey were
living in northern citie s at the
time they were interviewed,
only half of them were born in
the city where they now live.
In general, people whose
early life was spent In the
Western
o r New England
states are m o stp o sltlve lyd ls-
posed to changes in racial
patterns. Then follow those
fro m
the Middle Atlantic
states.
Those who grew up in the
Mklwest or South a re the most
negative, with southerners
being p a rticu la rly resistant to
change. Many of these people
have lived in th e ir present lo
cation fo r many years, but
tlie lr attitudes s till reflect the
facial culture of the area from
which they came.
The contribution of the pub
lic schools and the chuidies to
die formation of racial a tti
tudes among white people ap-
pears to have been to preserve
(lie status quo In American
race relations rather than to
produce change.
The role of the churches has
l«en especially remarkable.
Despite their traditional dedl
cation to the inculcation of
moral values, tlie lr influence
on the racial attitudes of tlie lr
constituents seems to have
been very Umitwl.
White P r o t e s t a n t s _
aixl
Catholic* in the 15 citie s sur
veyed by ISR d onotdlffei In
u
I .
f i?
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Immediate response to urban
violence, they recognize that
long-term answers require
more fundamental solutions.
They look to their govern
mental agenclej fo r programs
of action to alleviate the com
plex problems of their cities.
Our surveys of the attitudes
of white and black people give
us some Insight as to the future
of race relations In this coun
try and we turn to that subject
In the next and final report.
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