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About Portland observer. (Portland, Or.) 1970-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 9, 1971)
tv . mura»H» 4 i raw •» a Page 2 Portland/Observer Thursday, Sept. 9, 1971 The N o rth w est'» Best W eekly A Block O w n e d Publication Across the Editor’s Desk To Whom It May Concern: Recent news a rticles have made this type of le tte r a necessity. Published even, Thurteay bvE x « Publishing Company, ¿201 N killuigsw orth Portland, Oregon 47217. * N' • r tT npl,° n '* '* * 40c*'nU ’* r month by earner. $4.00 per veer $5.00 per year b) mall In T rl-Count > area, $5.25 per tear else- where. Phone ¿ÄJ-24ÄO A U R E O I EE HENDERSON. Publteher and Editor B using D e c is io n s P ro v id e L e e w a y B y R obert F C a m p b e l l Ed. Note: [ The Supreme Court's long-awaited | ruling last April on school desegrega- tion busing provided considerable leeway for district courts considering school c tses. Rob Campbell, executive director of RR1C, surveys the subsequent rulings to determine how federal judges have applied the principles outlined in the Supreme Court's ruling. "The variance among the judges reflected uncertaintv as to what the Supreme Court required,” Campbell reports. There are many people involved in the Model C ities Program aixi there are 40,000 residents within the neighborhood, however, there are designated spokesmen fo r the Model C ities Agency and the Citizens E’ lanning Board. 1 am the official spokesman fo r the Citizens Planning Board arsi M r. Charles Jordan is the official spokesman fo r the Model C ities Agency. There w ill te tunes when M r. Jordan ard myself w ill have a representative on p a rticu la r occasions but these representatives w ill identify themseleves as o fficial spokesmen. A ll toooftenanindividualw ill introduce him self as a resident of the Model Neighborhood or a member of one of the many M olel C ities committees ate everyone assumes that he speaks fo r the Model C ities Agency o r Citizens Planning Board. there has been an urdue amount of misunderstanding resulting from not knowing who is the official spokesman. 1 earnestly so licit your cooperation in bringing about a te tte r understanding. Sincerely yours, Josiah J . Nunn, Chairman Citizens Planning Board Richmond schools with those of adjoining Henrico and Chesterfield counties. The Richmond system is already two-thirds black. (Race Relations Reporter Vol, 2 No. 6, April 5, 1971.) In a Hopewell, Va., case, Merhige commented: "No longer may contiguous geographic zone lines drawn in good faith without rac ial moti ve, or even without the intent to promote desegregation suf fice to fulfill the affirmative duty to desegregate.” Pacific Supports Project Equality P acific U niversity this week announced its support of P ro ject Equality, an interialth program promoting equal em ployment opportunity to r min o rity persons. Although Pac ific is not affiliated with any religious Judicatory, the Uni ve rsity stated it shared the concerns and objectives of P roject Equality, and it wished to cooperate with those busin ess firm s , voluntary organi sations ate churches which are working with the program to promote fa ir employment. Project Equality is the la r gest voluntary equal employ ment program in the countiy. It now has the support of 15 religious judicatories, four colleges and six voluntary or ganizations in the P acific No rthwest. Supporters of the program not only pledge to provide equal employment themselves, but todo business whenever possible with firm s that do the same. P acific President James V. M ille r stated. P acific has been a leader ui extending educat ional opportunities and finan cial axl to minoi tty students so it is only natural chat it take this extra step fo r human rights. This action a ffirm s our realization that the healing of human divisions is one of the fundamental challenges fac lng this country today. Oregon Business Barometer gorles tliat mad« excellent ly 17.5 percent. The health Through midyear the num progress, although not at pre of the lumber and plywood In ber of catti« and calva« vious highs, are prim ary dustry can be traced to the alauglgered In Oragon waa metals, fabricated metal pro persistent strength In hous below last year; and the num ducts, electrical equipment ing which prasantly la tlie ber of sheep, lamb«, and and supplies, machinery, and strongest sector tn the na hoga slaughtered was above. transportation equipment. tional economy. Housing Total national slaughter, how Hiring has picked up In manu starts fo r the oast (our ever , Is expected to be up facturing as the accession and months have teen close to two about 2 percent; but producers new hiring rates have Increas in 11 lion, and It appears that of broilers, hogs, sheep, and ed and the lay-o ff rate lias this strength w ill te main lambs have Indicated smaller declined. Lim ited employ tained tnr the remainder of marketings for the remain ment opportunities have also the year. Lumber and ply der of the year. This sug reduced the number of te r wood prices have reacted to gests tliat prices of dies« minations Initiated by the em the Increased demand, and products should be steady to ployee (quits). In Portland from all Indications there will strong as sm aller supplies fo r example , where nearly be further rises. The short reach markets. Cattle and 50 percent of the employment term outlook, however , de calves on feed In Oregon on Is found, the quit rate tn mands to a great extent on the first of July were 8 p er May was down to a nine - the transportation strike. cent above tte number on feed year low. Bank debits and deposits a year e a rlie r compared to Of the three metropolitan and loans of financial Insti a uathiiud Increase of only areas of tlie state, Portland tutions continue tlie lr upward 2 percent. Prices of all showed the greatest gain In trend during the first half livestock products were down employment—up 5,4000 over of the year. At midyear 4 percent and meat animal last year to 459.000, In loans and deposits of com prices 5, Tlie volume of tswif Salem the employment level m ercial banks were up by Imports during 1971 is expect, of 74,8000 was approximately approximately 19 percent. ed to equal Import levels of the same as last year, but Savings and loan associations last year. Beef supplies, tn Eugene employment was showed an increase of near therefore, w ill continue Idgh down by 1,450 to 87,060, due ly 19 percent in share ac through 1971. Prospects are p rim a rily to the decline In that fed cattle prices will counts and 17 percent in agriculture employment which loans during the past year. fluctuate around present lev dropped by 2,200. This de Thia availability of credit lias els the lialance of the year cline can te attributed to the contrlliuted greatly to the sub with no significant changes unseasonally wet weather that stantial Increase In construc likely. hampered the harvesting of tion activity and business In Although we liavo |>assed strawberries and the drop tn general. A new peak of $4.19 through the fifth and one of strawberry acreage o f45 per an hour and #6 5.0« In weekly the longest recessions In the cent because of the compe wages was reached In June postwar period, the forward tition from Mexico. by production workers In moveineni of the economy la The unemployment rate on manufacturing. In June the at a snail’ s pace. Doubt and a seasonally adjusted basis average workweek was 3B.6 apprehension pervade ihe eco declined In June to 6.3 per hours coinjiared to 38.7 Inst nomy In (he midst of strikes, cent from 6.4 tn May. A l year. Oregon's construction wage demand In excess of pro though this rate may appear workers averaged $6.28 ductivity, and what appears to high. It Is well below the 7.2 a hour during June, and aver be rempant and uncontrollable percent rate In California and age weekly earnings rose from Inflation. During the second 12.5 In Washington. The $215.62 a year ago to a level quarter economic progress spread t»etween the Oregon and of $232.99. These develop was make, but It was modest the national unemployment ments contributed to a rise and below the firs t quarter rates lias not teen as gieai In personal Income which ac performance. It Is tiecoming during the period of recovery cording to Business Week for more and more evident tliat as It was during the period the first four months of tlie the economic goals set forth extending from July 1967 to year amounted to nearly $2.7 by the Administration for tlie September 1970, reflecting the billion. Only eight states year are Indeed elusive andai more favorable employment showed a larger percentage the moment do not appear at opportunities In Oregon. Increase than did Oregon tainable. A comparison with Oregon’ s record of employ (8.3%) which exceeded the past recovery jertods strong ment has exceeded the record national level (6J%), ly suggests tliat our progress In the Pacific States which lias Cash farm Income the first tn the Immediate future w ill declined for four consecutive half was slightly lass than not be spectacular. Our mo months. The June total was tlie same period last year mentum lias not been suffi 100,000 below the February (live-stock receipts up--crop cient to close the gap between level and on a seaso lally ad receipts down) due In large actual and potential output so justed tesls was down by part to the late growing sea necessary If we are to meet 300,000 from a March 1969 son and delayed crop harvest. the many demands imposed high. Aerospace accounted By the year-end, however, on our economy. for more than 200,000 of the total receipts from the salw Most, If not a ll, of our eco manufacturing Jobs lost In this of all farm products tn Ore nomic protilems stem from In period. gon are most likely to ex flation; and It presently ap ceed the $560 million re Some of the greatest gains pears tliat constraints on the ceived last year. during the first half of the year supply side of tlie basic eco Prices of all Oregon farm have been made tn the area of nomic equation are the fun products In July were averag lumber and wood products. damental cause of this m al ing about one percent above ady. Because of certain Employment In June was last year, and there appears structural and Institutional 3,300 above the same month little likelihood that farm restraints, the economy lias a year ago and reached 72,400, prices will show much Im developed an Inflationary bias a level tliat was never titta ined provement for the remainder that lias not responded to the last year. Plywood employ of the year. Farm ers and traditional monetary and fis ment was at the highest level ranchers, therefore, are cal policy stimulants. Al tn two years. Lumber pro caught In a serious cost-price though there are many con duction In the Coast and In squeeze as farm production straints, the one most cur land Regions was up by 5 and costs In July averaged 5 per rent and far reaching Is the 8.6 percent respectively and cent above last year for an decline tn la te r productivity new orders by 15.8 and 9.1 a ll-tim e blgii. As long as which has influenced our rate percent. For the first six this situation exists, total net of economic growth and tlie months of the year plywood farm Income w ill slide lower. price level. During the 1960- production advanced by near 05 period, for example, out put per manhour. As a re sult, unit labor costa In tte private sector of the economy The 1960s revealed the grew at an average annual rate selves Isolated by death. trend: of growth was about 4.5 per " • • A growing pop Ihe 1970 census statistics cent during the period of 1965- ulation of Ione and often lonely also Indicates that when oldei 70 as output lagged far be people — people who may in people have a choice where hind compensation per man some cases live alone by to live, they choose tlie sub hour. preference, but who more urbs. The never-m arried During the 1960-65 period often have no choice.'* consumer prices Increased at older persons generally have I he quotation is from a an annual rate of 1.3 percent, remained in the c ity . prelim inary analysis oí cen and our real gross national Do tie other hand younger áis returns made by the product (the value of goods bereaved men and women — and services) grew by 4.8 Washington Center fo r M etro those who lost their spouses politan Studies. percent. During the 1965-70 period, however, oonsumer It shows that the gap In at a relatively e a rly age, prices increased at a rate including war widows — lave life expectancy, as between of 4.2 percent, more than tliree found the prospects for re men and women, seems to te times the rate tn the ea rlier m arriage hatter in the sub widening. Increasingly, more period; and real gross product urbs, die study suggests. women than men find them- Increased by only 3.2, one- third less. It Is obvious tliat tlonshlps are out of balance a te tliat our economy Is not Retail Installment acts prescrihe the content and form of operating at an optimum level. More and more we hear the contract. These regulations require that a series of about tte need for an income notices to the buyer te written Into the contract. policy or wage and price con I. The consumer must be warned that she Is not to sign tro ls. The Chairman of tlie the contract until she has read It. Board of Governors of tte 2. If the document contains blank spaces, she Is entitled to Federal Reserve System Is a copy of the completed document. again recommending thia 3. she has a right to pay the contract In advance of Its method to control Inflation. m aturity date and to receive a refute fo r a portion of the Wage and price controls are credit charge. a powerful tool, but with tlie 4. Should the consumer default In payments, the seller may passage of time they develop repossess tlie goods sold (o r some other goods) ate rely leaks and Inequities, In real ity an Income policy Is a upon the consumer to make good any deficiency between the metlKxl of attacking the re falue at die time the goods are repossessed and the out sults of problems rather than standing balance of the debt. th e ir causes. Placing a lid The contract, in addition to Identifying the se lle r ate buyer on a boiling pot might keep by name and address, ate describing the purchases made, the water from running over usually provides that all the chaiges te Itemized. Minimum for a time but not forever. itemization includes: I) cash sale price, 2) down payment Why not turn off the heat? o r trade In value, 3) Insurance amount, 4) fees, 5) principal Administration problems balance, 6) cre d it service charge, 7) time balance, 8) ate loom large In an Income tim e-sale price. policy. There are always Not only does this information notify the buyer of te r problems of exceptions and treating all sectors and par rights ate lia b ilitie s a te tho total cost of vendor cre d it. It ties equally and fairly . Th< also helps te r decide whether lender credit (from a hank most lnqiortant Issue In a or financial institution) o r vendor credit Is most advantageous program of wage and price fo r te r pa rticu la r purchase. Likewise, it may te the basis controls Is simply th is -- who upon which tlie buyers attorney or a consumer advisory w ill control the controllerà? agency determines if all the term s of the contract comply G reater reliance might be state laws In other areas. It Is to the buyers advantage to placed u,ion tbe free market know tlie maximum credit service chaige allowed by his to determine prices and the states retail Installment sales act. This Information is flow of resources within the usually accessibly through an attorney o r a consumer ad economy. To be sure, to do visory agency, often the buyer w ill find that re ta ile rs are so would require some un doing since in our zeal to permitted to Impose higher cre d it service charges than lenders Insure the “ good life ” we are undei banking ate loan laws. have established a maze of Io determine (te cost of vendor cre d it on a particular restrictions. History proves putchase, tte Ixiyer subtracts the cash-sale price from die however, that the further we’ tim e-sale price (which Includes die original cash price plus deviate from the free market credit seivice charge ate all odier fees). The consumer the more problems we have determines die cost of lender cre d it by looking at a proposed and the more difficult they Joan agreement and adding die loan-credit charge ate all a re to solve. Although business activity in Oregon In the second quart e r of the year was less buoy ant than the firs t, It was nev ertheless Impressive when compared to other areas of the country and the nation as a whole. U. S. Bank's economic Index moved up nearly two points the second quarter to an estimated 119.8 tn June. This upward move ment ts the continuation of a trend that was started from a low point In July, 1970. A l though the Oregon economy may not be operating a h ill potential, Its performance tn the firs t half exceeded the record posted by other Paci fic Coast states. There are many economic problems fac- uig cte nation that w ill also affect Oregon, but there are several Indicators that point to the continuation of the up ward trend In business acti vity In Oregon. Total employment Increas ed tn June by 5,700 to 919,700, the highest level for the year. Since that tim e, however, em ployment lias declined due to the number of workers In volved tn labor-management disputes. About the first of August It was estimated tliat the number of workers away from their Jobs because of strikes was about 11,000. How ev er, with the settlement of the transportation dispute this number was reduced to approximately 1,9000. .Al though the transportation strike has been settled, Its effects w ill linger on. Our favorable economic progress has teen Interrupted and the very liberal Increase tn wages (42 percent In 42 months) will In all probability result In Increased transportation costs. The Oregon economy depends heavily on transpor tation; consequently, an incr ease in transportation costs w ill not he to our advantage since Oregon products would te placed at a competitive disadvantage. When the U.S. Supreme Court issued its long-awaited ruling last April 20 in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, N.C., WATCH OU T FOR CHILDREN school desegregation case, many lawvers Judge L. C. Morton, a recent appointee and schoolmen noted that it failed to Here's a defensive driving establish specific guidelines for a unitary to the federal bench, took a sim ilarly tip from the PORTLAND TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMIS school system. They said the decision left restricted view of his obligation in a SION: The firs t few rains the lower courts considerable leeway in case involving the Nashville, Tenn., school of fa ll mix with summer’ s of road film to Manufacturing employment reviewing plans for assignment of pupils, system. He approved, in substance a accumulation produce a Jangeroulsy slick has made a spectacular re Department of Health, Education and surface. W hen the ra ins come, transportation and school construction. after declining on a Welfare plan requiring thebusingof 51 000 slow down and look fo r trouble. covery seasonally adjusted basts This, they added, was not unusual. since A p ril, 1969. The cate- children this fall-15,000 more than ’ l ast Since the C harlotte- Mecklenburg decision Warren E. Burger, did little to clear up’ (Swann v. Board of Education), federal year. A request for a stay of Morton's ruling was denied by the Sixth Circuit the uncertainty when he said he found judges have applied its principles incases Court of Appeals. "distrubing” one school board's apparent involving 40 or more school d istricts, In another case, Morton declined to give understanding that the Swann decision mostly in the South but including a few school authorities in the city of Franklin, required a fixed "racial balance" in the in the North. Although most of the Tenn., time to add a fourth elementary city's individual schools. But Burger decisions ordered more desegregation, school building to the three-school system refused to block the plan adopted this year usually with additional busing of students, bv the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County the variance among the judges reflected’ before desegregating. "The court would N.C., school board and approved by the uncertaintv as to what the Supreme Court prefer to grant the delay,’» said'Morton, but it "does not have this discretion.” district and circuit courts. required. At least two cases outside the South For example, D istrict Judge Oren R. On the other hand, Judge Robert M. attracted the attention of lawyers. Lewis, ruling in an Arlington, Va., case, McRae in the neighboring western dis In San Francisco, Judge Stanley A. said the high court has not yet determined’ trict of Tennessee, seemed to be making Weigel--relying on the Supreme Court "the perm issible scope (of busing)...or haste more slowly. Ruling in a Memphis that it must be equally shared between city school case, he said investigation decision in Swann--ordered the city's the ra c e s.” In Atlanta, D istrict Judges and consideration "of the various methods 48,000 elementary pupils placed in racially Sidney O. Smith and Albert Henderson Jr. of desegregation" will take more time than balanced schools th is.fall, with the re declared the city school system unitary is available before the commencement maining junior and senior high schools as of January 1, 1972, and concluded that of the 1971-1972 school year. He ordered desegregated within five years. The to impose mass busing to create racial the equal educational opportunities parents of Chinese-American children balance would unquestionably precipitate division of the U.S. Office of Education were among those objected to the breakup an exodus of whites that would leave to help the Memphis Board of Education of racially identifiable schools and the Atlanta an all-black city. To help prevent draw a plan to take effect in 1972. school board appealed to higher courts this eventuality, they suggested the con Associate Justice William O. Douglas of solidation of the Atlanta and Fulton County the U.S. Supreme Court refused to stay Judge J. Robert Elliott, ruling on a schools. case involving Muscogee County,Ga.,said the district court order. Judge Robert R. Merhige Jr. went two "the three R's that we have long been In Pontiac, Mich., the court of appeals steps further than the Georgia judges in fam iliar with have been replaced by the affirmed a district court order issued 14 handling the Richmond, Va. case. First on big R --race. Integration has taken months e a rlie r requiring pairing and he ordered the city to bus 20,500 of its the place of education." He then ordered busing to make the student body in each 48,500 students--7,000 m ore’ than last a 70-30 white to black ratio in faculty school 20-40 per cent Negro and 80-60 year. And to stem the flight of whites and student body. per cent white. Ten school buses were from the city schools he opened hearings dynamited in Pontiac and authorities said on a plan to require the consolidation of The Chief Justice of the United States the schools would open on schedule Sept. 7. Borrowing Rules M rs. Smith wishes to buy a suite of furniture on cre d it Should she borrow from a bank or o tte r lending institution.’ or should she open an installment charge account with the store or dealer to finance te r proposed purchase? I lie answer to this question depends upon many factor s, M rs. Smith must consider the goods or services being p u r- c based. she must compare die loan agreement available to te r through te r finance company with the retail Uistallment charge account agreement and the protections provided by credit laws in her state. Before making a purchase, everyone should investigate the most advantageous cre d it arrangement • available. Thus, M rs . Smith should understand the differences between lender cre d it and vendor credit. Vendor cre d it Is extended by a seller to the buyer for goods or services to te purchased. Usually, it Is not subject to usury laws. Since a seller expects In theory to receive the u purchase price fo r his goods upon delivery, the purchase price paid at a later date is more costly to him than the u r n . amount paid at the time te delivers. Therefore, when he sells on cre d it, te must either Increase his total price or consider that te is selling at a reduced price. When a vendor sells on cre d it, the increased price is Called tUne sale price. Thus, a sellers finance (o r credit) charge is not considered as interest but the difference te tween the tim e-sale price and tlie cash price. Vendor (seller? credit errangements are norm ally regulated by retail Installment sale acts. They often d iffe r from state state. In some states, fo r example, contracts fo r motor vehicles are regulated differently from contracts fo r o tte r good" and services. Lonely Trend other charges of the loan. sums is tte sm aller. He then knows which of tte two W ATCH OUT F< i RCIIIIJIR e n
