Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1922)
f THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, DECE3IBER 30, 1922 10 iHorntn0(S)rjfpman ESTABLISHED BY HENRY L. P1TTOCK " Published by The Oregonian Pub. Co., 135 Sixth Street. Fonwind, Oregon. C. A. MORDEN. J. B. Plr-ER. llanaer. Editor. Th Oregonian Is a member of th As sociate I-rem. Th Associated Press la exclusively entitled to the uae for publi cation of e.11 news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited In this paner - and a.leo the local news published herein. All rig-hta of publication of special dis patches herein are aiao reserved. Subscription Kates-Invariably in Advance. (By Mail, in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and northern California.) FaJly, Sunday Included, one year ....$8.00 Dally, Sunday included, six months .. 4.23 Daily, Sunday included, three months 2.25 Dally, Sunday Included, one month .. TJ Daily, without Sunday, one year Dally, without Sunday, six months . . 8.2o Dally, without Sunday, one month - . -o0 Cunday, one year 2.30 All other points In the United States: Dally, Sunday Included, one year .. .$12.00 Dally, without Sunday, one year . . . 8.00 Sunday, one year... "0 Single copies, dally, 8c: Sunday, 10c (By Carrier.) Dally, Sunday Included, one year. ...$9.00 Dally, Sunday Included, three months 2.25 Daily, Sunday Included, one month... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 7.80 Dally, without Sunday, three months. 1.95 Dally, without Sunday, one month... .85 Mow to Ktmlt Send postofflce money order, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at owner's risk. Give postofflce address In full, including county and state. ' Postage Bates 1 to 18 pages. 1 cent: IS to 3i pages. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages. S cents; SO to 64 pages, 4 cents; 66 to 80 pages, S cents; 82 to 88 pages, 6 cents. Em tern Business Offices Verree A Conklin, 800 Madison avenue. New York; Verree A Conklin, Steger building, Chi cago; Verree ft Conklin, Free Press build ins. Detroit, Mich.; Verree & Conklin, Monadnock building, San Francisco. Cal. TURKS INVITE NEW WAR. War clouds again gather over the Balkans. Turkey stands pat on all the important questions in dispute " at the Lausanne conference the straits, capitulations, rights of mi norities and Mosul. The allies re fuse to yield on any of these ques tions, and the United States stands . . with them on all except Mosul, on which the Turkish case is weak, whatever we may think of the Brit ish case. Britain sends the entire Mediterranean fleet to Constanti- ' nople, and Greece mobilizes its de feated and depleted army on the frontier between eastern and west ern Thrace. The deadlock at the conference Is due to conflicting conceptions of the basic fact as to which party has ., the upper hand in a military sense. " The Turks believe that when they defeated the' Greeks they defeated the allies, relying on -mar-weariness and conflict of interests to prevent the latter from fighting again, " therefore they believe themselves , In a position to dictate terms. The allies consider that their defeat of the Turks in 1918 was decisive and places them in that position, but by - tearing up the Sevres treaty and of- " faring large concessions, they admit "that they did not finish the job and . that, though they have the power, - they are reluctant to finish it now. - - As the nation most interested in freedom of the straits and in Mosul, . Britain is first to move. France and Italy had, from the restoration of King Constantine to the Muda- . nia conference, curried favor with .tlie Turks, but subsequent events have modified their views. Arro gant with victory, the Turks have been guilty of indignities to French citizens in Anatolia, they try to re pudiate at least part of the old Ottoman debt, of which France is the largest holder, their opposition to capitulations threatens French business interests in Turkey, which are larger than those of any other western nation, and they antagon ize France only less than Britain by their demands regarding the straits. tender Mussolini Italy has em barked on a forward policy, which is opposed to the Turkish demands as is that of France. If the crisis should end in war, Britain would be far less embar ' rassed by sympathy of its Moham- medan subjects with the Turks than was the case before Kemal be came supreme at Constantinople, The sultan has been deposed and Turkey has been converted into a republic under the rule of the An gora assembly. A new caliph has been set up as a spiritual ruler over all Islam by the Turks alone with out consulting any other of the far more numerous Moslem nations. In the Moslem mind spiritual power has always been associated with temporal power ever since the first caliph set out en his career of con ; quest. The Mohammedans may not recognize the fugitive sultan as cal- iph, since he has taken refuge with an infidel power, but under skilful manipulation which -British orien tal agents know how to practice . their enthusiasm for the new caliph may be slight in view of his changed position as a creature of the Turks without any of the at- tributes of civil power and imperial splendor which they associate with his office. Britain might feel safe in bombarding Constantinople without fear of the same grave re percussion in India as would have followed the same action last Sep tember, especially if France and Italy took part. If the Turks are to be whipped Into subjection, France and Italy nave tne case or Egypt as a warn ing not to let Britain do it alone. France had an equal voice with Britain in the affairs of that coun ,, try before the rebellion of Arabi Pasha in 1882, but lost it throueh letting Britain alone suppress the -revolt. Under British control Egypt nas oeen rejuvenated and has be cpme one of the richest fields of British trade, and Britain has ac , . quired the vast territory of the Sou , dan. The two Latin nations do not wish to repeat that experience with Turkey. Though bankrupt, depressed by oeieat ana encumbered with a mil lion refugees. Greece is in better position to withstand the Turks in . Thrace than it was . in Anatolia tlnly a limited number of Turkish troops have been permitted to cross from Awa into Thrac and. thoueh , they have been reinforced by levies - from tn-9 resident Turkish nopula tron, the allied fleet would prevent more rrom crossing th jsea of Mar mora in etse of hostilities, and al lied forces also occupy the province pending conclusion of peace. De I position of Constantine has re moved the chief cause of French iiutotiiiL, aim vvmzeios is such winning pleader that he may cause practical politics to overcome the - repugnance of the allies for a na tion that executes unsuccessful statesmen and generals. If the al- lies should supply Greece with ...arms and munitions and should ' send a few divisions of troops to stiffen the Greek army, the Turks might soon be driven out of Thrace as far as the defenses of Constant! nople. The allies should be abl """'to take that city also, but jealousy as to its disposal would probably lead them to leave the Turks in possession. Such a defeat and a mere threat to carry the war into Anatolia should be sufficient to bring the Turks off their high horse, for the one thing which they profoundly respect is superior force unflinchingly used. The United States would natur ally remain neutral, but this neu trality would be decidedly benevo lent toward the allies. As Ameri can interests are identical with those of the allies on almost all points, the latter would actually fight for American interests. Amer icans would welcome the final ex- ...Inln. 4-1- Tlt.lro fVsiTTt. VlimnH anTwouldra Constantinople as only temporary, until Greece made enough progress in military and economic power and in orderly government to as sume responsibility for the city and straits under international super vision. Much as we dread the out break of a new war, there would be rich compensation in the conse quence that it would finish the job that was left unfinished in 1918. GOVERNOR OR PEOPLE? The Oregon City Banner-Courier has undertaken the difficult job of presenting reasons why a state highway commissionershlp should be a salaried job. It is called diffi cult' because of the records of the present -and past commissions, which are good and generally pro claimed good, despite the lament able efforts of sheer partisanship to show otherwise during the recent campaign. The Banner-Courier sums tip Its argument under three heads: ( 1 ) Only men of wealth can serve on the highway board without pay, and the basic principles of demo cracy are thus violated; ( 2 ) Commissioners should be chosen for their qualifications alone; (J) The best service can be ob tained through compensation. The first and third of these premises The Oregonian disputes for reasons which should be self evident. The second it agrees with, observing that it is not at all out of harmony with the principle of an npaid commission to which may be attracted, through an appeal to their sense of public duty, men of the first order of business and ad ministrative ability. It has been done up to this time in Oregon. Does the new state administration think that the state's resources of firstClass men, willing to serve the public gratuitously, are now ex hausted ? But we shall be a little better en abled to discuss the respective mer its of the present plan and the new plan of a paid commission if we are to know how they are to be ap pointed. To that end we solicit en lightenment from the Banner-Cou rier, from the governor-elect or from any newspaper or individual with the necessary information. Are the new commissioners to be appointed by the governor or elected by the people? If not by the people, why not? OCR SPEEDY AGE. News that a convict in an eastern prison who was released the other day after having served sixteen years about as long as any pris oner is likely to be kept in confine ment nowadays thereupon took his first ride in an automobile is another reminder of the high pace at which the twentieth century moves. There were automobiles ixteen years ago relatively a few of them but the vast social phe nomena that have resulted from their use are the creation of but a decade or so. Yet there are men in penitentiaries who have not yet qualified for parole under our most liberal system who went there be fore the radiophone was In existence and there are thousands of others who have never seen a crowd con gregate in front of a motion picture show. Of the changing modes in women's attire we shall say little, since these are mainly but recur rences of former types. Yet there is a difference even here. There is permanency in certain particu- lars.whlch did not formerly prevail. We detect a leaning toward utility which is more than a passing fancy but is dictated by the necessities of the times. The ruffs and hoop skirts and tightly-laced corsets of our foremothers are not likely to come back again. But this modern Rip Van Winkle is going to observe more than me chanical changes among the occur rences of the last sixteen years. The outstanding phenomena of the period are social ones. To discuss whether they are the result of the age of mechanical invention, or whether invention has been the product of the necessities of the time would be as futile as to re open the ancient issue of the chicken and the egg. But the thing has happened and it is here. There is the drift away from the open country, the congregating in cities, which have caused men to revise their social conceptions. There Is the enormous growth in the inci dence of divorce, with all that it connotes in relation to the home. There is an accident death rate in cidental to our fast transportation which far exceeds the rate from all causes sixteen years ago. There is the juvenile "wave of crime." There are flying machines employed to transport moonshine liquor and to facilitate the escape of criminals as well as to imitate the action of birds. There are cities whose streets are so congested that a man who is really in a hurry must leave his automobile at h o m e. And wherever one may go he encounters people madly hastening on errands that had not been thought of in 1906 and whose fulfilment will not make them a whit happier than their ancestors were. Here is a man who has had six teen years to reflect on what he would do with liberty, if he had it again on what changes may have taken place in the world outside the prison walls. It would be in teresting to know what he thinks now and what use he is going to make of his restored privileges. Unless he is one of a fortunate few he will need to learn a new trade by which to earn a living. The crafts have been standardized and their tools have been improved farming has been advanced to a place among the sciences, the pro fessions move forward apace'. Even the barbarians of the jungles have learned about sanitation and clothes. This convict's punishment does not end with his pardon. He has a long and trying ordeal ahead of him before he will have read justed himself -to the violently al tered situation of the modern world. A RAILROAD FOB DEFENSE. The strategic reasons that are advanced for construction of the Wenatchee Southern railroad and endorsed by Secretary of War Weeks are so sound that, being re inforced by commercial reasons, they should remove any objection. They are that the proposed road would form part of a north-and-south line east of the Cascade mountains that is necessary to de- C"7.J?- vader The argument is in sub stance the same as that offered by Professor Kipley for completion of the line through eastern Oregon from Bend to Klamath, thence to connect with the Central Pacific main line in Nevada. A branch of that line extends through southern Nevada. , The geography of .the Pacific coast indicates that in case of In vasion the first defense would be west of and in the coast range. If that line could not be held,' a second would be established in the western part of the Willamette val ley or on the Rogue or Umpqua river. If unable to hold that, the American forces would offer strong resistance in the Cascade moun tains. If that line should be forced, the entire intermountain country would lie open to the invaders, and the natural obstacles would be slight until the Blue and Bitter Root mountains were reached. Ho supply and reinforce an army on any of these lines and to move forces from one point of attack to another, a railroad running from the Canadian boundary southward behind the great barrier of the Cas cades and Sierras would be indis pensable. Without it troops and material would often have to move by circuitous routes, and time would be lost with possibly disas trous consequences. Resources of railroads are taxed to the utmost in war, and should be economized by use of direct routes. A parallel situation developed in France toward the close of the war, By their advance east of the Meuse and by the fire of their heavy artil lery the American forces cut the railroad that ran through Mezieres, forming the main line of commu nication behind the German army. The Germans then recognized that nothing but an immediate cessation of hostilities could save their armies from destruction and ap plied for an armistice. We might need a railroad east of the Cas cades only once for that purpose but then It would be imperative that we should have and hold it. When that consideration fits it in with that of internal commerce, the opposition of any railroad company in defense of its traffic should be overborne. A QUESTION OF SINCERITY. The last resort of Wilson apolo gists, when brought to face the fac that Mr. Wilson might have saved the Versailles treaty by accepting the Lodge reservations, is to say that Lodge was Insincere , and would not have accepted his own reservations if they had been ac cepted by Wilson. That is the sub stance of a note from a Seattle cor respondent who, like many who at tack the integrity of others, has not the courage to sign his name. If such were the case, Mr. Wilson could easily have proved it by ac cepting the reservations. If Mr. Lodge and his supporters had then voted against the treaty, their in sincerity would have been evident and Wilson would have put them in the hole. As events turned out, he enabled them to put him in the hole. No great sacrifice on Mr. Wil son's part would have been re quired. Ex-President Taft, wham Mr, Wileon regarded as a sincere friend of his league, said that with the reservations the league would have been 90 per cent good. That would have been pretty good sal vage, even from a league of na tions, and with it Mr. Wilson would have had the satisfaction of putting over his treaty, of saving the world from much woe, of being the most successful statesman of his time, and would have won much prestige for himself and his party. Mr. Lodge and his reservaionists would not have dared to withdraw the terms they had offered, for, if they had, they would not have dared to face the people. As affairs have worked out, Mr. Lodge, if insincere, would have been morally compelled to act as though sincere, if Mr. Wilson had assumed him to be so by agreeing to his terms. Then if Mr. Lodge was insincere, Mr. Wilson played right into ' his hand by acting as though he was so. All this talk about the hidden motives of the men who made the fight against Mr. Wilson on the league recalls the story that Ca- vour, the statesman of Italian lib eration, completely deceived Aus tria by telling the truth about the intention of Sardinia and France to make war. Such frankness being contrary to diplomatic customs, which then was to tell plausible, convincing lies, Austria was taken by surprise and lost its Italian provinces. If Mr. Wilson had taken Mr. Lodge at his word, the league might have been saved and the democrats might have won the election of 1920. TEACHING A YOUNG NATION. The eminent fairness and friend liness that mark the report of Gen eral Wood and ex-Governor Forbei on the government of the Philip pine islands will but strengthen th conviction of those who read it that to grant independence would be the worst service that congress could render to the Filipinos them selves. For eight years the' peo pie had practically complete con trol of their Internal affairs, -and American protection saved them from the distractions of foreign at fairs and from the expense of na tional defense. With this oppor tunity the government has steadily deteriorated since 1913. The com missioners say: That the efficiency of the public aerv- lea has fallen off and that they are now relatively inefficient, due to lack of rn speetion and to the too rapid transfer of control to officials who have not had the necessary time for proper training. We find there is a disquieting lack of confidence In the administration of Jus fice. to an extent which constitutes i menace to the stability of the govern nient. We find that the people are not or Funizea economically nor Irom tne stanri. point of national defense to maintain an Independent government. We find a general failure to appreciat the fact thai independence under the protection of another nation-is not true independence. f We find that the government is not reasonably -free from those underlying causes which result in the destruction of government. But the commissioners find that the Filipinos have the inherent ca pacity to learn how to maintain a democratic, civilized government, for they reached these conclusions in the people's favor: We find that a reasonable proportion of officials and employes are men of good character and ability, and reasonably faithful to the trust imposed upon them. we find that many Filipinos have shown marked capacity for government service and that the young generation is full of promise; that the civil service laws have in the main been honestly ad- ministered, but there is a marked de- terioration due to the injection of poli tics. We feel that the lack of success In cer tain denartmants jthnnlri nnt he cvnairt- ered as proof of essential Incapacity, on the part of Filipinos, but rather as indi cating lack of experience and opportu nity, and especially lack of inspection. That is a description of a bright student in the school of self-gov ernment that has suddenly been rushed to graduation before he had mastered his studies. Since 1913 this child nation has been trying to do the work of an adult nation. It had always since the beginning of history been subject to other na tions down to the coming of the Americans. They began Its instruc tion, and it made gratifying prog ress. Valuing theory above experi ence, the Wilson administration withdrew the guiding hand and left the child to its own resources. Na tions that are old in democracy have attained their present very moderate degree of success by centuries of experience, through which they have profited by fre quent stumbling and have acquired toughened national character. By helping the - Filipinos, Ameri cans can hasten their progress and can enable them to dispense with much of the hard training that western nations have undergone, but a generation that has been trained under American tutelage should have grown to voting age before the young nation should be left to walk alone. HEALTHFUL CANDOR. There is a good deal td be said for the policy of Governor McRae of Arkansas, who is launching a hot campaign for education in his state. It is summarized in his own words: The demagogue in publlo offioe. to order to fortify himself against being iscreaited or defeated, usually compli- monts his people for the possession of a gooa many virtues not possessed by them. We are trying to avoid that kind f diplomaoy. Our self-appraisal, even it it does bring out unpalatable truths. win pe constructive in the end. Arkansas, as shown by statistics that have never been seriously questioned outside the state, Is forty-sixth among the forty-eight states in point of educational work and thirty-seventh in actual illit eracy of the people. "Experts," says the governor, in a statement that deserves high rank In history be cause of its remarkable candor, are now finding out some inter- esting and startling facts. We are not trying to spare the pride of the people. We are admitting the hide ous facts about our backwardness. Arkansas ranks very low in gen eral educational standard as I have indicated already, and this relates to such Items as length of school term, average daily attendance, amount of money spent per capita for education, education of teach ers and so forth." The magnitude of the problem is indicated by other facts associated with educational conditions in Arkansas. It ranks last among all the states of the union in public library facilities, having fewer than twenty-five books per thousand in habitants. It has a very large pro portion of illiterates above the age of twenty-one. Nor is the latter due wholly to race conditions, since more than one-third of the num ber are whites. Not only are taxes levied for educational purposes ex ceedingly low, but the taxpayers as a whole have not been converted to the principle of levying taxes upon themselves for support of the schools. Governor McRae strikes a true note when he says that the good that it is expected to do will in the end outweigh any false pride that might be preserved by withholding the truth. A state pluckily strug gling to right itself will have the sympathy of its neighbors and the good opinion of all whose opinions are worth while. It will find more to be genuinely proud of in making a game fight than it could possibly obtain rrom any attempt at self-deception. Moreover, the awakening In Arkansas is likely to prove epochal. We can think of no better channel Into which to direct the restless spirit of the time than constructive education, and no better outlet for surplus energy than a contest to see who can get best results out of a programme to banish illiteracy irom tne United States. The head of the Lemp Brewing company at St. Louis committed suiolde by shooting, followina a family custom, during melancholia. No doubt he is meetine , manv family victims. A man's staying quality is shown when power is off and he waits rather than walk down. One time perhaps he walked, to meet the elevator at the second floor; that settled him. An O. A. C. professor says Ore gon is ideal for raising the musk- rat. The skins are profitable, but cultivation of the appetite is neces sary for consumption of the meat. An insane man escaped from his custodian the other day while wait ing to be taken to Salem and it's a problem which of the two was the more "crazy." The war, says an alarmist, de stroyed life values. Sometimes we think it did when we note how reck, less some of these motorists are: The fear that prevented a right eous verdict against Haywood and others in Canyon county may have like effect on the Herrin case. The dozen dog owners fined for keeping unlicensed animals can have a sour view of life if they wish. The Audubonites find thirty-five varieties of birds here. This does not include the "two-legged" kinds. Cigarettes sell for a million each in Moscow, but it's cheaper to quit here tomorrow night. Celebrate tonight and quit early It's orders and sensible, Those Who Come and Go. Tales. of Folks at tne Hotels. "I cannot praise too highly the fiye police officers who were sent to Astoria to help us when the fire was raging. Tbsse five men are a credit to the cojnmunlty and Port land can well -be jiroud of such rep resentatives. Theas men worked from 8 o'clock in tlve morning until S o'clock the -next rrvorning, getting sleep and food when they could.' They were ready to ..hop out any where on any assignment ana they patrolled, made investigations and, in short, were untiring rtnd willing workers," declares Chajrha Robison of Astoria, registered at the Hotel Oregon. "I know what these men were doing in those trying .days, and so I am in position to pay" suitable tribute to them. We, of .Astoria, owe them a debt of gratitude and I want the people of Portland o un derstand that we .appreciate the labors of these officers to the lull." Mr. Roblson says that it will iake money and not talk to place aine brick upon another in rebuilding Astoria and that actions speak louder than words. He optimlsti-o-ally predicts a bright future for th town, and a.s for the federal covA ernment not finding a precedent for 1 giving assistance, the attorney de clares that the United States has no difficulty in. sending relief to Ar menia and other foreign countries when they are in distress, so there should be no trouble in seeking a way to aid people at home. C J. Peterson, at the Hotel "Ore gon, has arrived from Fairbanks, Alaska, the end of the government railroad in the territory. The build ing of the Iron road into the Fair banks country is working a trans formation in the mining industry, as the rail transportation enables na tive coal to be shipped in unlimited quantities at a low rate. More money will be. made out of Alaska coal than the sum paid by the United States to Russia for the entire ter ritory. "Business in Pendleton has been pretty good, but collections are slow," reports1 C. P. A Lonergan, of the round-up town. "The backward ness of the collections is due to the fact that the farmers are short of money a condition not limited to the agricultural population of Uma tilla county by any means. We had about six inches of snow, but that has gone now and Christmas day was as bright and sunny as Easter." G. C. Fulton, one of the "commit tee of ten," m the reconstruction of Astoria, is in, Portland on busi ness. The committee is looked to by the average resident -of Astoria as the organization to put the com munity back upon its feet. What will happen to the committee after January 1, when the new commis sion form of government begins functioning, is not known. Jazz music enlivened the dining room of the Multnomah yesterday morning when the "Seven Serenad- ers," of Corvallis, invaded the room and played their snappiest selections for the football team from Toledo Or., who arrived for breakfast. The high 6chool band of Corvallis played a programme in the lobby and later gave an impromptu concert in the lobby of the Imperial. v An Improvement In the penman ship on hotel registers in Portland is noticeable this week. The usual hurry-up signature, which puzzles the clerk to read, nas been supplant ed by a neat, clear, legible hand. The reason is not far to seek. The city hotels are filled with school teachers who are here attending the annual meeting of the Oregon State 'ieacners- association. Executive heads of Oregon's in stlrutlons of higher learning were in town yesterday. P. L. Campbell, president of the University of Ore gon, was registered at the Hotel Portland, and W. J. Kerr, president of the Oregon Agricultural college, was at the Multnomah. E. C. Simmons, an automobile agent of Eugene, Or., is at the Ben son. Mr. Simmons was one of the couple of hundred witnesses who went to Washington, D. C. a few weeks ago to tell the Interstate com merce commission what should be done with the Central Pacific A quartet composed of students of the high school at Klamath Falls Is at the Imperial. The singers are Clifford Hogue, Harry Peltz, Des Los Mills and Kenneth Maler. The boys were brought here to enliven the proceedings of the teachers 'conven tion. R. B. Currey, accompanied by his wife, is in Portland from La Grande. They are here to spend the holiday season with Mr. aira Mrs. Fred B. Currey. The elder Currey, a former newspaper man, wag at one time the city manager for La Grande. Hugh McLain, twice appointed bv Woodrow Wilson as postmaster of Marshfield, is in the city on, a holl day visit to relatives. Mr. McLain is one of the democratic war horses and has been presidential elector, Some of the best orchards In the mid-Columbia district are at White Salmon, Wash., across the stream from Hood River. Frank J. Fox. an orchardlst from White Salmon val ley, Is registered at the Nortonia while in the city on business. Leslie Butler, banker emeritus of Hood River, and an, advocate of good roads when such things were con sidered foolish and a waste of money. Is at the Benson while in Portland on business. Charles A. Hardy of Eugene, ac tive in republican politics in Lane county, and who haa been suggested as the possible appointee as United States district attorney for Oregon, Is at the Benson. Mr. and Mrs. L- C DeBurgh of Eugene and Mrs. J. J. Luckey, moth er of Mrs. DeBurgh, are at the Hotel Oregon. Mr. DeBurgh is the Wil lamette valley representative of a cigar distributing company. ' P. Welch, one of the best-known railroad contractors in the north west, is among the arrivals at the Benson, registered from Spokane. Wasn. J. C Conley, county school super intendent for Wallowa county, is here at the teachers' conference. Mr. Pierce's Promises Recalled. REEDVILLE, Or.. Dec. 28. (To the Editor.) Certain newspaper re ports seem to indicate that Gov ernor-elect Pierce intends to make the office of the state highway com mission a salaried office, that the three highway commissioners are to receive a salary of ,3000 to $4000 a year each. Should this turn out to be the case, let me ask how Mr. Pierce Is going to square himself with the taxpayers to whom he has promised all sorts of tax reduction and consolidation of offices held by him to be useless and a waste of money. Let Mr. Pierce remember that he was elected on a tax reduction platform. To ereate new salaried offices In the face of his bold statements that he would cut out ,- some, of the existing useless ones In the interests or economy treading on dangerous ground. O. E. FRANK. Burroughs Nature Club. Copyright. Houghton-Mifflin Co. ' . Cam You Answer These Questions! 1. What is the Insect killing- my peach trees? The leaves look as though riddled with bird shot. 2. What is nutria fur? 3. Does the English sparrow live anywhere but America? - - v - Answers In Monday's nature notes. . Answers to Previous Questions. 1. Last fall while picking blue berries, a boy caught a young rab bit. In its ear was found some thing resembling a blueberry, which, being removed, it walked. Two more were found in the rabbit's ears, and were removed . with difficulty by tweezers. What were they? We can onlv sruess that it was a tick of some kind, the fact of its clinging so persistently rather bear ing out this guess. Ticks "are arachnids,, as are spiders, and there are many kinds infesting cattle. There are certain parasites that might be found clinging, but they do not walk. - ' 2. I notice birds flying very high on their northern flight every spring. They are nearly white, and make a nickering noise. Please tell name. People about nere can intia "nickering mares. Oorresnondent omitted any men- 4'on of size. They might be kllldeer paover, which look, white from un derneath, and make a noise that mtfc.ht be described as "nickering." Or inight be any member of the sandjiiper tribe. a Vhat Is the green substance nn.-rtoneainsDrlngs and brooks. commonly it probably erroneously called Vfrog splttlo"? The rather messy-lookiy green frothy masses on tne water navo nothing tovdo with frogs, bat are a low form cV plant life, any one of ysrious frjtmentous fresh-water algae.- A very common floating species is spfjnogyra. 7 WHY TRAFFtt' JAMS AT BRIDGES TroaMe lAtm ta Aproni Present SpsJ Adequate. tvwjtt.ant). Decv 29. (To the Ed itorsTraffic jama at river bridges in Portland are cased, not by in adequate bridges, ttut by bad ap proaches. . Th a ti-iith Is BO tnuivio ttJiu. finna that one main weu wouotr that so few persona utaieretand. and that so many demand as a relier. mnra htHri-erp.B. - iimAat fiiwnvR-the kns occur at the entrances to the bridges; sel Anm ara jhe bridees) obstructed. I.il Wadnenriav nififht all IBB bridges were clear. but the ap nroaciiAs were lammed. There are several reasons A or ia condition: 1. Streets leading to the Midges are narrow and obstructed by s reet- car turns and the Yamhill uouc market. 2. Slow-imoving street cars yioia ick auto traffic; autos may i not pass street cars. V The remedies should be stmjale, althoueh the attainment may be cti- structed by adversely affected larad owners: 1. Keep street cars on straight line runs as they approach and leave the bridges. 2. Open diagonal street ap proaches and widen the bridge en trances. 3. Open Yamhill and Alder streets to through traffic by removing the public market from the one and the street cars from the other.' 4. Forbid left turns of vehicles at bridge approaches. It may be true, as the manager of the street cars, Mr. Fuller, says, that there are no more street cars now than some years ago. But autos have sped up vehicle traffic, and street cars have kept the old pace. This is not criticism of Mr. Fuller or of street cars; and doubt less street cars should be preferred because most persons use them. But it is plain that vehicles are held back by street cars, especially by the pay-as-you-enter kind; that the stream of traffic moves no faster than the slowest etreet cars. Hence remedies should be directed toward speeding vehicles in other than street-car streets, and street cars should be restrained from turn ing and swinging in front of autos and other vehicles. The writer believes that present bridges are adequate to carry pres ent traffic and that the problem is that of accelerating traffic at bridge approaches. It hardly seems good business for this community to ex pend millions of dollars for build ing and maintaining more bridges to relieve a half hour s Jam just be fore 6 o'clock P. M., when the trou ble can be solved eo much more e.asily and cheaply. EAST SIDER. LEGAL DOCTRINE A SAFEGUARD Term Corpna Delicti Applicable to Other Crimes Than Murder. PORTLAND, Dec. Z9. (To the Ed itor A recent occurrence has brought into prominence the legal doctrine of the corpus delicti. As this doctrine is most frequently heard of in cases of hom'cide, and aa everyone knows that the word "corpus" means a body, it is sup posed by many that the corpus de licti must be the body of the mur dered man. It is really no such thing. The corpus delicti 's'the "body," or substantial fact, of the crime itself. In case of arson, it is the charred remainder of the fire; in burglary, the broken portion of the house; In mayhem, the mutilated limb or organ of the party maimed; and in homicide it is the fact that violence, external or internal has been used, of which the production of the corpse is the best, but not the only evidence. To take a concrete case: If two men were to go into the woods on a hunting expedition, and one was to come back without the other, merely stating that the latter had disap peared, there would be no corpus delicti, and the man could not be convicted; and if he was likely to be the gainer by the other's death, etill the case would be the same. Perhaps the most prominent In stance in point is that of Professor Webster, which occurred more than 80 years ago in Massachusetts. He killed a man' who persistently dunned him, and destroyed his body in a furnace. Had the destruction been complete, he could not have been convicted, for there were no witnesses of the fact. But the vic tim's teeth were not entirely de stroyed, and the 'denttfication of a part of them by a dentist, whom he had employed, supplied tne neces sary proof. In plain terms, the doctrine of the corpus delicti is simply this that you shall not convict any one of crime on mere suspicion, however strons that suspicion may be. It Is easy for anyone to find fault with the old common law, especially when the fault finder is ignorant of its principles. RICHARD H. THORNTON. Doesnt Need Horn. Good Hardware, Judge And why haven't you a horn on your automobile? Ita!ian-r-Please, Mister Joodga, I don't needa da horn. It says on da front, "Dodge Brothers." More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. EVERYBODY'S ONE OF 'EM. No lona-er little Micky Hare. Whose ways are mild and meek,'! Will keep my clothing in repair For fifty cents a week. He now demands a larger sum. Which I esteem too dear, For lately Michael has become A Pressing Engineer. tno ctays wucn iouiv iuiw Would, clip and trim my lawn And make my kitchen garden grow, For ten a month are gone. He now is making wads of pelf, Takes contracts by the year. And, on his billheads styles himself, A Mowing Engineer. The lads from Greece who cleaned my shoes, Once In a cheaper time Now with a haughty scowl refuse My little proffered dime. One s,ees them by appointment now, They're risen, it appears. And have become, so they avow Shoe Surface Engineers. Old 'Raetus Johnson comes no more To take the cans away, Or knocks upon the kitchen door To seek his weekly pay. He's found a means of getting his The dusky profiteer Hi card informs me that he Is A Garbage Engineer. . Wise Thrift. It looks as if a good many of our citizens had carefully saved the dunce's caps they wore when school boys for use as regalia when they were elected to the Jtu itiux. The March of Invention. A new method of flreproofing has been discovered. Fuel users are now trying it out. Jndgtng From His Writings. England made Lloyd George pre mier as a war .emergency measure. and he is apparently trying to re- I produce the same conditions. (Copyriirht, 1922. by Bell Syndicate. Inc.) In Other Days. Twenty-Five Years Are. Prom The Oregronlan, December SO. 1807. A medical mission Is to be estab lished at the corner of Fourth and An.kenv frrrefctK. Here hunirry per sons will be furnished with a 'bowl of soup, beans, peas, milk, bread. etc., for 1 cent per dish. Relief from Portland to Yukon 1 miners must be undertaken solely j an a private enterprise, if at all. Yesterday President Mason, of the Chamber of Commerce, received I from Secretary of War Alger a tele gram announcing that he would not allow Portland any part of tne gov ernment appropriations for an early expedition. A boy. apparently about 16 years of age, carrying the equipment of a shoe black, ie going about town wearing on the front of his sweater the inscription: "From Detroit to Alaska shining shoes." Fifty Years Ago. From The Oresronlan. December 30, 1872. A floatine tree caught in the Stark-street boat last Saturday and .detained her for some time. Photography Is now-a-days called fnto requisition for sketching scenes o ruin and desolation as well as tbu undisturbed face of nature. Joeph Buchtel was busily engaged lat Saturday in transferring tne ftrrt ruins of this city to pasteboard through the scientific processes of chenti stry and the intervention of his camera obscura. Plledriving at the new ferry slip .hnvt fhe old distillery was com pleted 3vist week. The top of the! piles w,UV soon be sawed off and the I roadway laid down to the water's edge. Second tA'-reet, In East Portland, composed , ntirely of stone, and loose earthy .shows but slight traces of the heavw, rain storms of the past week. . vacation Work misdirected Men Teacher Should Spend Sam, strra Sitnayingr sports. LAKESIDE, r., December 28 (To the EditorFrom two edi torial paragraplm. in The Oregonian I wish to say that I received quite a "kick" from tha same. Relative to the4ine about being born on Christmas day, I had a cousin, a member c a family of four. This cousin wa' born the day after Christmas, and fi Is parents al ways combined his CJ iristmas and birthday and made but one celebra tion and offering of ga-ts, whereas his more fortunate brothers and sisters had their bln-hday ana Christmas celebrations separately. This took all "the Joy ok t of life" for my cousin, and he is tp this day more or less touchy on 1 nis suo- 1ect. I also wish heartily to maorse the. other oarairraDh relatiw' to winning: athletic team and a i'each er's tenure. I am a school t cher, a principal, and have taught pome tn vears. L nave aiscoverea trt tnv sorrow: that nine times out of ten the security of my position depends in inverse ratio to the st'c cess or failure of the school's afl1 letic teams. It seems that this V the modern educational criterioi with the average layman. I wiall that you had put the last sentence" of your paragraph in italics. It read thus: "More than occasionally a young man makes a success in life who was never heard of on the track." As a matter of safety first for teachers, I would recommend that all men teachers spend their sum mers, not in research work or along lines to which their interest leads them, but rather In an athletic school where baseball, football, bas ketball and track are taught and coached. By such means only can we meet the demand of the Ameri can public, which places athletics first and other educational activi ties second. In other words, the teacher must give the publlo and taxpayer what he wants. R. A. GILMORE. Sale of Fiction. PORTLAND, Dec. 29. (To the Ed itor.) (1) Can you tell me which of the following magazines take con tributions of fiction from unknown authors? Red Book, Cosmopolitan, Sunset, McCall's, the Argosy. (2) If a manuscript is sent to a pub lishing or moving picture concern with a stamped, self-addressed en velope inclosed, has the author a right to expect the story to be re turned if It is rejected? (3) Does The Oregonian ever accept short stories from unknown authors? AMATEUR. 1. We do not know of any maga zine which refuses to admit to its pages the work of unknown authors. 2. Yes. 3, The Oregonian does not buy fiction direct from authors. Most newspaper fiction is purchased and resold, by brokerage concerns known as syndicates. Caught in the Toils of the Drug Demon From the homes of millionaires, from the star's dressing room and from silken-hung studios comes the nitiful tale of shat tered mind, will and health, says illustrated article on the nar cotic traffic which will appear in The Sunday Oregonian. Review of Past Year lhronologue to appear m tomorrow's paper outlines principal events which have transpired during 12 months just gone. Personality Sketch of Emile Coue Article deals with French professor who has recently propounded his startling the ories and is preliminary to a series of articles to be writ ten by him for The Orego nian. IN THE MAGAZINE The Human Form Divine The third of a series of arti cles by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. telling just what beauty is and how one can tell who has it. "Jrish" Is Fiction Feature Concerning an epic prize fight in which real fisrhtinjr is done and also concerning the superior Mr. McLann. Deaf Girl Can Sing Miss has also been selected out of 3000 contestants as prize beauty in a magazine beauty contest. 'The Mystery Play" Is Sketch Title Page of sketches gives inti mate views of people in in tensely human attitudes. How a Dishpah Nearlv Killed Crew Only one of vividly human experiences in life of General Carter, who helped push yel low fever off the earth. How Will World Live? What will be done with the people living in year 2200 is demand of writer. New Test for Mental Age Curious but authentic new scientific brain tests to try on yourself to learn just how sharp-witted you are. OTHER FEATURES Superb Furs Greet Winter The latest innovations in the world of fashion told in The Oregonian's illustrated fash ion department. Making Homes More Attractive Little bits of information of interest to housewife on home decoration. Mount Angel Installs Radio Complete receiving and transmitting apparatus pro vided so as to meet wide de mand for instruction. Miss Marie Doro Is Modern Juliet .exquisite uiagiam ux ica- , tures set off by dusky pair h- oi long-iasnea eyes, says article by Antoinette Don nelly. Woman Is Made Railroad Chief Clerk Miss Emma S. Redel said to be second woman to hold 1 such a high position with an 1 American railroad. Magazine Praises Mrx- Robert G.'Dieck AAdress of head of visiting ntase association reviewed in .December issue of The Smrwey. Ministers Are to Me et Here Oregon . Congregational pas tors vO gather in Portland to discusi' church problems. Amusement News and Busiixe&s Facts The Oregonian covers the en- j tire realm of world activities for the benefit of its readers. All the N sws of All the World F.0und in The Sunday Oregonian Just Five Cents 7 v