VOL. LXI NO. 19,371 Entered at Portland (Oregon) Pot office mm Second-class Matter. PORTLAND, OREGON. WEDNESDAY, DECE3IBER 20, 1922 26 PAGES PRICE FIVE E NTS T CHIEF JENKINS' WIFE IS CHRISTMAS BUSINESS ESTABLISHES RECORD FOG THICK AS SMOKE SETTLES OVER CITY AUTO HEADLIGHTS UNABLE TO PIERCE MIST. ASSAY OFFICE RAIDED HURT IN AUTO CRASH BY TWO ARMED MEN OP ALLIES' FAITH IF EUROPE ACTS BY LOS ANGELES BONDS HELD VALID MRS. BERT HALL, WIFE OP POSTAL RECEIPTS HEAVIER " ' THAN LAST TEAR. $50 CASH AX'D YELLOW ORE, JUST COPPER, TAKEX. INSPECTOR, ALSO INJURED. AVAILABLE DRUG WAR i Sinister Purpose Seen in Powers' Plans. PROBLEM UP TO MOSLEMS Europe Insists on Full Lib erty of Straits. BRITISH EXPERTS LEAVE Last Session at Lausanne Today Liable to Bring Rupture; Russians Still Warlike. LAUSANNE, ' Dec. 19. (By the Associated Press.) Turkish fears of submarines, Turkish fears of swift ly flying military a-rplanes laden with bombs and, generally, Turkish fears of aggression from without that will put Constantinople in dan ger have tonight placed the whole Lausanne conference in jeopardy. The United States is silent on the situation, but the allied leaders said tonight that they had uttered their last word on the question of liberty of the straits. Tomorrow the Turks may say yes or no to the allied project. The British experts. Admiral Keyes and General Burdett-Stuart, already have left for England, be lieving their work to have been completed, and the French experts are preparing ' to depart tomorrow night at the conclusion of the "last session" for discussion of the straits. Whether a rupture will come on the straits problem de pends chiefly on whether the en tente diplomats and their experts can remove the Turkish fears. This they were trying to do tonight Turk Still Suspicious. The diplomats are endeavoring to convince the Angora statesmen that the straits project is essentially y' framed to meet conditions in times ' of peace and that the allies are not in any. sinister, Jhldden manner seeking facilities for war and espe cially against Turkey. They say they have only sought the equality of all fleets passing through the straits on peaceful errands. ' The allies have emphasized that they cannot accept the Turkish re quest for the suppression of sub marines and military airplanes, es pecially they have been- unable to accept the Ottoman suggestion that combined foreign fleets entering the Black sea shall not exceed in strength the fleet of the strongest naval power of the Black sea. "That would make the Black sea forbid den ground," said a French expert tonight. As the Russians are here only for discussion f the straits ques tion, tomorrow may see the last of them at Lausanne. They still are in a fighting mood, however. George Tchitcherin was in an argumenta tive mood today. He tried to .win American sympathy for the Russian straits project by insisting that it incorporated the American idea of benlficent warships. Slav Appeals to World. But the allies have agreed that the Moscow straits plan is abso lutely unacceptable. Tchitcherin made a dramatic plea to the world masses. He said Russia was con vinced the world's peoples were back of Russia in her attempts to secure international justice. He also bitterly condemned what he called "marinlsm," adding "I mean the sea militarism which hopes to strangle Russia." An additional fear of the Turks which the allies must calm tomor row is that with which they sur round the proposed international commission to supervise control of the straits. The Turks claim the commission will be inquisitorial in nature, tnat it may infringe Turk ish sovereignty and, finally, that it may be used as a club by some pow ers to threaten Turkey. Hence their ambition to have a general guarantee pact signed at Lausanne, which will assure the neutrality of the straits and prevent acts of hos tility in Turkish territorial waters. The Turks tonight seemed unruf. fled. They did not appear at all impressed by the ultimatum talk with whioh the Lausanne atmos phere is charged. It was pointed out tonight that failure of the straits negotiations would not necessarily Imply failure on other vital matters of the Lau sanne agenda, one of which is ar ranging peace between Greece and Turkey end between Turkey and the allies. Marquis Curzon today informed M. Barrere of the French delega tion that the British government had abandoned the idea of having the Lausanne treaty written in the Knglish and French languages. He agreed that French alone should be used. As France has made no re quest in this connection. th A. lish initiative created an exceed- '"sw ymv-au iccimj among the Frenchmen, who like to have their language regarded always is the language of diplomacy. In his reference to th United (States M. Tchitcherin said: "I regret the failure of the con- (Concluded on P wt fi, Caluuia J.) Mate of Police Chief Is Sent to Hospital, While Other Vic tim Is Sent Home. Mrs. L. V. Jenkins, 541 Marguerite avenue, wife of Chief of Police Jen kins, suffered a broken left wrist and bruises to the left side and left leg last night when the chiefs auto-. mobile, -driven by Patrolmen F. A. Pratt, skidded into a telephone pole near East Thirteenth and Bybee streets. Mrs. Jenkins was taken to St Vincent's hospital. With Driver Pratt in the front seat was Raymond Jenkins, son of Chief and Mrs. Jenkins. Neither was hurt. Mrs. Jenkins was In the tonneau with Mrs. Bert Hall, wife j 01 me emergency uriver on tne nisi night relief of inspectors. Mrs. Hall was found to have 'a scalp wound and her neck cut, neither serious. The automobile, owned by the city and reserved fot the private use of the chief, ' was proceeding west on Bybee. Pratt said he had just driven from a dense fog bank into a clear space and struck another fog as he was about to turn into East Thir teenth at the Portland crematorium. He said that he felt the rear wheels skidding and endeavored to straight en out by letting the car slide into ne euro so tnai ine wneeis would follow it. The .left front wheel buckled when it struck the curb and the car ran onto the parking and stopped when it struck the telephone post Evidently Mrs. Jenkins and Mrs. Hall, seeing that an accident was imminent arose from their seats, as they were thrown violently for ward at the Impact Chief Jenkins was entertaining a delegation of police from , Dallas, Tex., .t the Imperial hotel. He ex cused himself and reached the hos jital as -the ambulance arrived. MERGER RUMORS REVIVED Negotiations Between Big Ohio Companies Reopened. TOUNGSTOWN, O., Dec. 19. Talk of a possible merger of the Youngs town Sheet & Tube company and the Brier Hill Steel company, two of the largest independent steel companies in the country, was re vived today with the news that prominent stockholders of the two concerns had reopened negotiations. Conferences held several months ago resulted in a refusal by the sheet and tube company to purchase the properties of the Brier Hill. Since then the latter company has floated a $10,000,000 bond issue and has embarked on a programme of expansion. MINNESOTA COW WONDER World Record for Year's Produc tion of Bntter Broken. OMAHA, Dec. 19. May Walker Ollie Homestead, a Holstein cow, owned by the Minnesota Holstein company at Austin, Minn., has brok en the world's record for a year's production of butter. Her figure for 865 days ending at midnight last night was 1217.27 pounds of butter fat, the equivalent of 1521.8 pound of butter, according to L. E. Eber hardt president of the company and manager of a local packing plant. The former record of 1506.9 pounds of butter was held by Duchess Skylark Ormsby, a Hol stein. MME. BERNHARDT BETTER Actress Expected to Resume Her Work on Stage Soon. PARIS, Dec. 19. Madam Bernhardt passed a comfortable night .and her physician said today no serious con sequences were expected to follow her fainting spell. She will be obliged to rest several days, but It Is considered certain that she will be able to resume her work on the stage Boon. A bulletin issued this afternoon by Mme. Bernhart's physician said: "The crisis has fortunately and rapidly terminated. It exacts, how ever, absolute repose for some days, with complete Isolation." HUGHES' FOES ARE BUSY Movement Started in Australia to Defeat Premier. MELBOURNE, Australia, Dec 19. (By the Associated Press.) Lat est returns from Saturday's general elections indicate that the national ists (the party of Premier Hughes) and the laborites have each elected 28 members of the federal house of representatives. Reports from Sydney are that negotiations are proceeding be tween the nationalists and the country party for co-operation be tween the farmers, stipulating, however, that the nationalists drop Premier Hughes. VOTE RECOUNT PLANNED Texas Republicans Not Satisfied With Election Results. DALLAS, Tex., Dec. 19. Plans are under consideration by the repub licans for a complete recount of the vote for United States senator and governor at the November election, according to reports here today. Luther Nickels, one of the attor neys for the republicans in the liti gation which sought to keep the name of Earle B. Mayfield off the ballot as the democratic senatorial candidate, refused to discuss the reported steps toward a recount. Probler largely Up to Dis'ised Powers. Alo'H READY TO ASSIST Reparations Settlement Is Held Prerequisite. LOAN COUNTED POSSIBLE Bankers Wonld Help, But Insist Steps Must Be Taken to Restore German Credit. ; - . BY ARTHUR SEARS HENNING. (By Chicago Tribune Leased Wire.) WASHINGTON, D. C. Dec. 19. Whether the Unted 'States will find it possible to bring about a settle ment of the, German reparations question which has. produced the present international crisis in Eu rope will not be determined until President Harding and Secretary of State Hughes have conferred with George Harvey, ambassador , to Great Britain, who sails for Amer ica December 23. As the matter now stands Amer ica and the allies are far apart on the question and working at cross purposes. The situation may be summarized thus: 1. England and France are man euvering for a reparations settle ment contingent upon inter-cancellation of all war debts the allies owe each other and the United States. 2. America is contending for a reparations settlement without can cellation of the $11,000,000,000 al lied debt to the United States. . The arrival of Ambassador Har vey is awaited, to throw light on the possibility of the allies accept ing the American viewpoint or of the evolution of some alternative plan which would not involve sur render of the American, claims on the allies. , - . . - - - - Problem Up to Europe. The official view here is that the United States can help materially in the rehabilitation of Europe if the European governments take the nec essary steps to improve their credit Such steps would be the balancing of budgets, reduction of military ex penditures and reduction of German reparations to an amount that Ger many can and will proceed to pay. If such conditions were complied with American bankers would join with European bankers in floating a huge loan to Germany with which to discharge German obligations to the allies. J. P. Morgan and associated American financiers have been con sidering such a loan for several years. It would be an enormously (Concluded on Page 3, Column 1.) HIGH TIME i - ; Xl Houses Dealing in Yuletide Gifts Also Report Big Increase in Trade. With each succeeding Christmas in Portland breaking the records of all previous Yules, the public pity may most fittingly go forth to those cheerful servants of the holi day the postman and St. Nicholas. For the, Christmas now upon us is the premier Christmas in the annals of the city, as both street crowds and volume of business attest. Postoffice receipts yesterday were 28.87 per cent heavier than on the corresponding day of last year, while postal cancellations totalled on Monday the amazing record of 326,885 Individual items of mall of all classes, or 91,316 more than were posted in Portland on the same day last year. "There can be no question," said Postmaster Jones, "of the greater volume of Christmas giving this year. If the postal records are any criterion, as of course they are. We estimate that the outgoing Christ mas mails are at least 15 per cent heavier thus far than they were, in 1921, and it will be recalled that 1921 set a new record. Additionally ths incoming mail is also unusually heavy' and reflects the same in crease." . Duslness, houses dealing in " a variety of Christmas gifts attest a corresponding increase in trade, and anticipate a late-in-the-week Christmas rush that will put to shame all previous stampedes for the counters. This is not because collective Portland had not sincere ly resolved to shop early, for such a resolution has been apparent throughout the month. The week or so of Inclement weather retarded a worthy resolve and threw much of the burden-of Christmas shopping upon the brief time remaining. At the old postoffice building, or substation, where a majority of Portland folks still transact their postal affairs, the crowds yesterday afternoon were greater than ever before. Quite literally' It was Im possible at times to force an en trance through the massed gift givers, and instances are cited in which more than an hour was re quired to mail a Christmas package. With the return of mild mid winter days, such as yesterday, the holiday throngs claimed the streets as their own, the holly and mistle toe vendors established their stands, and the city became typical of the season. MURDER SUSPECT HELD Alleged Salt Lake Slayer Arrested in California., SALT LAKE CITY, Dec. 19,. Po lice here were notified today that a man giving the name of Arthur Haan, 23 years of age, is under ar rest at Richmond, Cal., as the sus pected murderer of 16-year-old Ru lon James of Salt Lake City, In an attempted drug store robbery here December 2. Young James was shot In the back and died instantly when a robber entered the drug store where he was employed as a clerk and attempted to rob the establishment. SOMETHING WAS BEING DONE Traffic Police Held Ready for Accidents and Street-Car Men Are Warned. NORTHWEST BREAKS GRIP OF" COLD WEATHER, The Dalles Wasco county has chinook. Hood River Many build ings flooded. Columbia high way cleared. , Pendleton Winter's grip broken. Walla. Walla Chinook brings relief. A typical "smoky city" fog. so thick that auto headlights failed to pierce it, settled down on the city soon after dark last night and served to demoralise traffic to a cer tain extent. The warm weather and the thick fog gave a feeling of damp closeness in the air. On the bridges, especially, was the white blanket of cloud thickest. The fog seemed to settle on all sections of the city. Such fogs are not frequent in Portland. Each winter there usually are from one to three similar nights, but last night's mist seemed especially heavy. As there Is no machine In the weather bureau that will accurately measure the den sity of fog, there la little chance of any baBls ror comparison, but from all appearances it was right up- to the Portland fog record. Traffic police were held in readi ness to answer accident calls and street car motormen warned by the company to proceed at slow speed. One early report told of an auto mobile driver, who got lost In the fog, and almost drove off the high bluff over Mock's bottom before he discovered where he was. Hills were hidden and there were no val leys or bluffs apparent to the eye after the fog settled down. Reports from the east side, especially from the Peninsula district, told of dan gerous conditions on the main boul evards in that section. River, boats moved only when necessary and then under slow bell. The Chinook, which swept most of the snow from the northwest, in cluded Portland in Its work. By 3 A. M. yesterday the white blanket was' disappearing. At daylight nc; fV all it had gone although ocea.P.iial I-ilte spots were seen In places sheltered from the warm wind. WALLA WALLA HAS CHINOOK Warm Weather Causes Early Rush to Stores of City. WALLA WALLA, Wash., Dec. 19. (Special.) Chinook conditions which developed about 2 o'clock this morning brought a sudden welcome relief from severe winter weather, and by 5 o'clock the mercury had climbed, to 43 degrees, a rise of 84 degrees in '24 hours. The wind died down early this morning but the thaw continued all day. The wind lifted the clouds and the mountains showed effects of the moderating weather. The warm weather had an im- (Concluded on Page 2, Column 1.) ABOUT IT. Police Chief Asksv Fund of $10,000. CITY IS ROUSED TO DANGER Council to Act Today on Recommendation. WALLACE REID BETTER Film Star Slowly Recovers From Illness Following Battle With Habit of Using Narcotics. BY EDWARD DOHERTY. (By Chicago Tribune Leased Wire.) LOS ANGELES, Cal., Dec 19. Wallace Reid, noted film star, who is recuperating from year; of in dulgence In liquor and narcotics, may save hundreds of his fellow "dopes" In Los Angeles. Because of the publicity given the movie Idol's case, the city coun cil, the chief of police and groups of ministers today were preparing to wage war on the traffickers in morphine, cocaine, heroin and mari huana, not only in Hollywood but throughout the city, As a result of a petition offered the city council today by the Meth odist Minister association. Chief of Police Oaks recommended that an appropriation of $10,000 be made for a secret service fund to investi gate the narcotic traffic. The rec ommendation was approved by the police commission and will be acted upon by the council tomorrow. Narcotic Squad Increased. ' Chief Oaks declared he had al ready increased his narcotic detail, and added that his department had obtained more convictions of drug peddlers In the last few months than the sheriff, the district attor ney and the federal department combined. The .ministers , asked that the council appoint a commission with authority to summon witnesses, ad minister oaths and take evidence; but inasmuch as the city council has not this authority Itself, It can not delegate it. It will, according to many of the councllmen, make a vigorous investigation, however. The (ministers were told that it would be better for them to make their appeal to the grand Jury. Los Angeles Is Awakened. Los Angeles has awakened to the danger of the dope situation, which It denied existed when correspon dents of eastern newspapers wrote stories about it last February dur ing the hunt for the murderer of William Desmond Taylor, moving picture director. One of the members of the nar cotic squad today estimated there are 10,000 drug users in this city and . that every known brand of drugs is sold and used here. The police have a record of 500 dope peddlers, some of whom have served time and others of whom are now in Jail. Every peddler, upon con viction, is sentenced to a year in prison. Addicts are sentenced to indeterminate terms, usually from 50 days to six months. Co-operation Is Promised. Will Hays, the overlord of the movies, declared the film industry would co-operate in every way pos sible with the authorities In the plan to stop the sale and use of drugs. "The industry," he said, "is in the fullest sympathy with the an nounced purpose of stopping any traffic in narcotics that may ex ist in this community. I am sure the constituted authorities will take care of the situation, whatever it is, and we will be glad to help." The councilman made It clear, however, that if the appropriation were voted, it would not be used exclusively in investigating the film colony. - Meanwhile Wallace Reid Is slowly recovering, according to his physi cians, and his wife Is planning the best Christmas possible under the circumstances. HATS VISITS WALLACE REID Hope Expressed That Star Will Fully Recover Health. LOS ANGELES, CaL, Dec. 19. Will H. Hays, co-ordinating head of the motion picture industry, late to day visited Wallace Reid, film actor, at the Hollywood sanitarium where he is suffering from a ner vous breakdown and expressed the hope that Reid would soon be fully recovered from his illness. Hays met Mrs., Reid at the sani tarium and accompanied her to the bedside of her husband. He shook hands with Reid, said that he hoped he was getting along well and would soon be himself again and added that he Tiad come to wish him a Merry Christmas before returning to the east. Reid thanked Mr. Hayes for com ing to see him and said that he appreciated very deeply the friend ly spirit back of the visit. After the interview, which lasted' but a minute or two, Mr. Hays re- .iOoncluded, eu fwi 2, siunui ji,J Belt of Metal Is Expected to Bring Only Abont 60 Cents in Any Market. The Montana assay office, 142 Second street, between Morrison and Alder, was held up last night by two men armed wi,th revolvers. They removed J50 in cash and pounds of yellow and dully gleaming metal copper. And copper it was, good copper, fresh from the purifying flames of the blast furnace. But as It lay on the counter in a great box, pounds of it in nugget shape, it passed for gold in the eyes of the robbers. A new and roomy canvas belt. eight Inches deep, attached to the waist of the bolder of the outlaws, served to receive it as it was scooped from the counter by a trembling hand. It, and not the cash, which happened to be in the safe, was the objective of the well-planned holdup. H. B. Williams, manager of the place, prepared to close" the doors at 5:30, when the two arrived. Two revolvers flashed out and the star tled Williams was made to "stick 'em up." First the cash in sight was appro priated and then, with Williams still covered by the two revolvers, one of the pair set to work filling his belt with what he thought to be rich metal and kept on until the belt was stuffed to overflowing with the gleaming nuggets. A whiBpered con versation between the two and out of the store they backed, pulled down their caps, and set off down the street. Police inspectors were told that the seeming leader of the pair and acting beast of burden was about 25 years of age, 5 feet 9 Inezes tall and weighed 160 pounds. The other, who stood in the background but held his revolver trained in efficient fashion, was some years older and slightly shorter. Both men wore caps and overcoats. Their belt of yellow metal will bring approximately 60 cents in any market, according to yesterday's quotations on copper. YULE LIQUOR IN DEMAND New Yorkers Await Arrival of Rum Fleet Due From Bermudas. NEW YORK, Dec. 19. If the Christmas rum fleet reported to be bound for New York from the Ba hamas succeeds in running the blockade of the dry navy. It should find New Yorkers amply supplied with receptacles for toting the for bidden liquor. Several manufacturers said today that the demand for flasks had trebled since the advent of prohi bition. Shop windows with their Christmas decorations feature clan destine drinking vessels which in "wet" days brought a shudder from society. SAN FRANCISCO THIRSTY Plea for Light Wines and Beer Presented to Senate. WASHINGTON, D. C, Dec. 19. A memorial from the board of super visors of San Francisco petitioning for lighUwlnes and beer was pre sented to the senate today. It stated that at the last election the people, by referendum, vot;ed two to one for such an amendment to the present prohibition act. INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Weather. YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature, 51 degree; minimum, 34 degrees. TODAY'S Occasional rain; southerly winds. Foreign. Turks must say yes or no today to de mands of allied powers. Page.l. TutenkhamunSs tomb greatest Egyptian find. Pago 6. National. American aid for Europe available pro vided distressed powers act. Page 1. Daugherty cass seems near end. Page 2. Vote on ship subsidy In senate balked. Page 8. President to call another meeting of state governors In January, rage la. Domestic. Boost in prices is to help farmer. Pago 8. Clews to outlaws who held up Denver federal reserve bank ars worthless. Page 8. Survivor describes killing In Herrln riot. Page 6. Los Angeles begins war on drug traffic Page 1. Pacific Northwest. Portland 13,000,000 school bond issue held valid. Page 1. Details of bootleg transactions revealed by record taken in Seattle raid. - Page 7. Sports. Newsboys to get proceeds of Kramer Wing fight. Page 14. Fight film viewed by Slki's Judges. Page 14. Commercial and Marine. Export conditions considered bright. Page 12. Fall-sown wheat in Oregon protected. Page 24. Active bonds weak with trading re stricted, rage zo. Grain pit show easy undertone. Page 24. Stocks and money hold markets tense. Page za. Portland and Vicinity. Higher insurance rates predicted for state. Page 19. Bridges problem turned over to new commissioners, rage i i. Three pals testify against Lhlhtner. Page 26. Christmas business establishes record. Page 1- Assay office raided by two armed men who get $50 and copper ore which looks like gow. rage l. Elks fill baskets tor Astoria tree. Page 18. Many offer help for needy families. Page li. Chief Jenkins wife hurt In auto crash. Pago 1. Fog thick as smoke settles over the city. Page 1.- Weather report, data and forecast, Portland Issue Upheld by Supreme Court. ATTACK IS UNWARRANTED Form of Notice for Electio.. Not Prescribed. TWO RULES POSSIBLE Legislature Declared Able to Fi Regulations According to Size of District. SALEM, Or, Dec. 19. (Specint- Schoo 1 bonds In the amount of $3,000,000 authorized by the voters of the Portland district at a special election June 17, 1922, were held valid in an opinion handed down by the Oregon supreme court here to day. The opinion was written by Jus tice Rand and affirmed the decree of Judge Stapleton of the Multno mah county court. The suit was in stituted by E. B. Miller, a taxpayer and resident of the Portland school district, while the members of the board of directors of the Portland school district were named as de fendants in the action. The complaint charged that the election was illegal in that under the Oregon laws the defendants were required to post three notices thereof in each of the election pre cincts of the school district, and that the published notice of the election should have set out defi nitely the particular polling places in each of the voting precincts. It was alleged that the sufficient num ber of notices were not posted and that the published notice did not set out the particular voting places but referred to them as the "var ious polling places." These dis crepancies In giving notice of the. election. It was charged, rendered the election illegal and void. General Demurre Made. At the time the suit originally was filed In the Multnomah county circuit court the defendants sub mitted a general demurrer to the complaint In which it was alleged that the notices of election were sufficient and that the election was held in accordance with law and. that the board of directors were au thorized and empowered to issue and sell said bonds. This demurrer was upheld by Judge Stapleton. The plaintiff contended that the general laws of Oregon for the year 1913 governed the election and the manner of giving notice thereof and that under this statute the defend ant district was required to post notices of the election in three pub lic places in every election precinct in the school district and to post one of the notices at eaon polling plaoe. (Concluded on Pago 8. Column 8.) PORTLAND FASTEST Z GROWING PACIFIC PORT t This is no idle slogan, con- 1 jured up in the brain of, a i practiced phrase-maker. It J is a fact -which has been em- phasized in hundreds of ways 1 during the year fast coming to a close. As a grain exporting cen ter Portland is exceeded only by Galveston, Tex. Portland's exports of all kinds during 1922 have put this port in second place on the Pacific j coast. Portland's municipal ter- minals are equal to any in i the world in modern equip- ment f acilitating rapid move- ment of freight. Bulk load- t ing of grain has been made f a prevailing practice in Port- J land harbor because of the unusually fine facilities for t handling it. Fruit shipments t to all sectors of the globe are Z increasing at a tremendous rate because of the motor and gravity conveyors pro- Z vided by Portland docks to , transport the fruit from car to warehouse to hold expe- t ditiously and without bruis- I I ing. To encourage apple ex- I portation by water, a ven- J xuateo. si-orenouse lias ueen j erected. I These facts, and many other things about the Port t of Portland which the resi- Z dent of this city should know, will be pointed out in illus- trated articles in the New I Year Edition of The Ore f gonian, to be issued 5" MONDAY January 1, 1923