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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 11, 1922)
VOL. LXI NO. 19,363 Entered at Portland fOreron Poatofflcc as Second-class Matter. PORTLAND, OREGON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1923 PRICE FIVE CENTS CHEfRY CHRISTMAS IN ASTORIA PLANNED PORTLAND IS ASKED ASTORIA ASKS PAVING CONK III AT YOUTH'S FONT RADIO FAN KILLED IN FALL FROM TREE km sums 10 Bill CITY ASTOR A GUARDED TIGER VISIONS 1BUPE New Order Held Respon sive to People, TO GIVE RELIEF FUND, OF HIGHWAY SECTION AGIST RAIDERS HOMELESS CHILDREN TO BE REMEMBERED AT YTJLETIDE. MEETING .OF BUSINESS MEN CALLED FOR TODAY. STRETCH HELD NEEDED IX GECJKGE SAXFORD SMITH, 61, SUCCUMBS TQ PLUNGE. REBUILDING OF CITY. Survey for Temporary Business Zone Begun. FACTIONAL ROW SETTLED Merchants and New Execu tive Committee Will De cide Plans Today. UNEMPLOYMENT IS FACED Portland, San Francisco and Seattle to Be Asked to Give $25,000 Each. ASTOKIA, Or., Dec. 10. (Spe cial.) With factional differences settled and coalition government established, actual reconstruction work began this afternoon when a committee of business men and representatives of the new execu tive committee began a survey to determine the location of the tem porary business zone. This committee will make its re port to the executive committee at 1 o'clock tomorrow, when it is be lieved that this feature will be settled. Building to Start at Once. Just as qufckly as the zone is established temporary business houses will be erected, for the ma jority of business men are eager to begin business rejuvenation. Itinerant merchants will find it difficult to make any entry into the city, the business interests feel ing that first choice in this line is due to the merchants who have suffered heavy losses. Approximately $75,000 is re quired for immediate purposes, ac cording to the opinion of the ex ecutive committee, and an appeal was sent out tonight to Portland, San Francisco and Seattle for $25,000 to be raised and sent from each of these cities. Supplies Are Plentiful. Aside from this cash no further relief is now required, in fact, the cuy uas more supplies tnan are needed. So to avert waste, Port land and other cities seeking to aid will be asked to withhold any ship ments of further supplies until the Astoria relief committee or the American Red Cross, now directed by Earl Kirkpatrick, issues requi sitions. "While much relief will be re quired after the first rush is over," declared Mr. Kirkpatrick, who was in charge of Eed Cross headquar ters during the Pueblo flood, "my survey of the situation shows that everyone is now being cared for." Lee D. Drake, acting president of the chamber of commerce, who has led in the work of reorganiz ing business, today pointed to the unemployment problem that will soon confront the city. Unemployment Is Foreseen. "With the smoke of the fire still smoldering, no thought has yet been given to this situation," he declared, "but when it is remem bered that more than 300 business establishments have been entirely wiped out it is plainly evident that many persons will be out of em ployment for some little time." jkciiaumiauon oi Dusiness is bound to be slow, Mr. Drake pointed out, and the temporary establish ments will probably absorb but a small percentage of ex-employes in the stricken city. "Many of these employes, who include clerks, bookkeepers, wait resses, accountants, salesmen, me chanics and the like, have savings to fall back on for a time," Mr. Drake said, "and others have part salary that will fide them over for several weeks, but in time resources will dwindle and a big problem will develop. It is quite probable that the executive committee which is meeting several times a day will consider this problem at once and the appointment of a special com mittee to make a survey of the un employment situation will probably he made.- With such a survey at iConcluded on F&ge 8. Column 1.) V. P. Strandborg Goes to Stricken ) City to Arrange Community Affair; Fortlandcrs Help. What will Christmas in fire scarred Astoria be like? Will children made homeless by the flames cry themselves to sleep on Christma3 eve and awake on Christmas rmom with tear-stained faces to a tragedy far more real to them than the fire which ate out the heart of the city's business section? These are the questions which were agitating W. P. Strandborg of the Portland Railway, Light i Power company and civic workers when he left Portland for Astoria yesterday with the assurance from numerous Portland business men that he could rely upon their sup port in development of plans for a community Christmas - tree in Astoria. . "Bill" Strandborg's thoughts turned to the probable effect of the fire on Astoria's Christmas celebration im mediately after it was learned that everything possible had been done to meet the present needs of the peo ple of Astoria. For "Bill" was en gaged in planning ways and means of spreading Christmas cheer in Portland when news of the Astoria disaster caused all other philan thropic undertakings to be dropped. He broached tentative plans for a community Christmas tree to various business men. "Sure, "we'll help," was the re sponse. O. W. Mielke, president of the Chamber of Commerce, enthu siastically approved the idea. "Such a project will not interfere with our relief work in any manner," Mr. Mielke said. "If Portland can help make Astoria's Christmas a more cheerful one I know that Portland business men will be only too glad to aid." So "Bill" Strandborg left Portland yesterday as the good St. Nick's per sonal representative to lay his Christmas plans before those charge of relief work in Astoria. "If the idea meets with the approval of the people of Astoria the business men of Portland will give them a Christmas celebration which will make them forget the fire for at least a few hours," Mr. Strandborg declared. ASTORIA, Or., Deo. 10. (Special.) Just two weeks ahead of time Santa Claus arrived in Astoria. He came today in the person of W. P. ("Bill") Strandborg, ex-officfo Santa Claus of Portland, and as a result of his visit there will be well-filled stockings for the youngsters of this stricken city on Christmas morn. Mr. Strandborg conferred with the members of the local Elks lodge and others who had been planning a municipal Christmas tree just be fore the disaster occurred. It was agreed that the Astoria lodge would go ahead with its plans. Mr. Walters will visit Portland tomorrow and lay the matter before, the Oregon Elks' association. MORE SNOW FORECAST Sunday Weather Is Mixture of Storm and Sunshine. Slight flurries of snow and rain intermixed with periods of sunshine featured Portland weather yester day. In spite of the snow, however, the day was not exceptionally cold or disagreeable. The winds were in the west and southwest and at times were strong. A wind of 35 miles art hour was re ported from the mouth of the Co lumbia river, according to advices received by the Merchants' Ex change. The highest temperature yester day afternoon was 40 degrees. The lowest during the day was 35 de grees. The weather today will be cloudy with snow flurries, according to the prediction of the weather bureau. It will be continued cold with winds mostly westerly. FIRE TAKES EIGHTH LIFE Woman Succumbs to Injuries Sus tained in Eugene Blaze. EUGENE, Or., Dec. 10. (Special.) Mrs. James Church died at Mercy hospital today, making the eighth victim of the fire that destroyed the Iver Johnson residence here last Wednesday night. Mrs. Church was the fifth member of her family to -die as a result of burns, three chil dren having been killed outright and the fourth dying at the hos pital. She Is survived by her husband, who today was very low, and 'two daughters, Charlotte, 12, and Edna, 10, who were not in the house at the time of the fire. The children who lost their lives were William, 6. Orville. 5, Ida, 3. and Hazel. 4. Others' who lost their lives were Mrs. Iver Johnson. Marvel Johnson. 4, and Leroy Johnson, 2. NEW YORK OFFERS HELP Message Giving $25 to Astoria Is Received in Portland. "If relief for Astoria is required you may draw on us for J25." This is the message .received by Julius L. Meier yesterday from the New York Stamping company in Brooklyn, N. Y. It was sent imme diately after press dispatches in formed easterners of the disaster, and is one of many indications of the nation-wide feeling of sym pathy for the people of the fire swept citjr. Two Notorious Yegg'fi I onH in loll LUIIU III JUII. NAVAL MEN WAT Civilian Patrol Kes Vigil in Residential Section. RUINS LOOK LIKE CRATER Smouldering Mass in Hollow Represents Volcano; Debris Is Not Yet Explored. ASTORIA, Or., Dec. 10. (Special.) Human buzzards, attracted by a city in distress, are hovering over Astoria. Two of them flew too close today and straightway landed in jail. Others who inflict their presence on the stricken city will probably end In the undertaker's hands. Plans for a strict patrol of the destroyed section, with death for looters, were discussed today by Chief of Police Carlson and naval officials whose vessels had tied up at Astoria docks.' Two notorious yeggmen, Joe Herring and Jack Fields, were ar rested today by a combined de tail of Astoria and Portland police men. In their possession were found two revolvers and more than $5000 worth of drugs. The two, po lice said, are known in the criminal world as safe crackers and had ar rived here today by automobile from Portland, being drawn here, they admitted, by the fire. The pair had also attempted to short-change a Uniontown merchant. Wealth Left in Ruins. In the smouldering, blackened crater that was once the business section of Astoria was untold wealth. It was estimated that sev eral hundred thousand dollars in gold, silver and gems were in that mass of wreckage. Safes and strong boxes were scattered about. A drill, a bit of nitroglycerine, a touch of soap, and a yeggman could make a great haul. The yeggman, being woll aware of that situation, was the particular danger that menaced Astoriatoday. Plans were being made to set up big electric -searchlights on all sides of the ruins. The interior of the area tonight was patroled by armed guards from the naval vessels at dock in the harbor. The guards were instructed to shoot to kill. Ruined Area I.lke Volcano. The destroyed section of the city resembled, to a great extent, the crater of a volcano. Situated in the amphitheater formed by the hills to the rear of the city, its natural set ting was perfect. Throughout small fires smouldered, occasionally break ing out in flames. No attempt was made to extinguish them, as the more they burn the less debris As toria will have to haul away. The crater effect was intensified (Concluded on Pafre 8, Column 6.) Jim r ' 3 HE. GooC COV.O NErVTYEW you WWE.CA free NOSE. Immediate Action to Help Asto rians Is Necessary; Needs Now Definitely Known. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE COMMITTEE ISSUES PUBLIC APEAL. It will be impossible to reach personally everyone who desires to contribute to ''the Astoria relief fund of th Portland Chamber of Com merce. Do not wait for personal solicitation, but send your check-' at once, payable to the Astoria Telief fund committee, to room 609 Chamber of Com merce. ' (Signed) JAY SMITH, Chairman. H. B. VAN DUZER. S. M. MEARS, FREDERICK N. STRONG. JULIUS L. MEIER. Business men . of Portland have been summoned to attend a meeting in the green room of the Portland Chamber of Commerce today at 11 o'clock to raise funds to relieve the immediate distress of the Astoria fire sufferers. The call was sent out last night by the finance com mittee of the Astoria relief fund, after hearing a report of Frank E. Andrews, personal representative of the chamber, who had just returned from a trip to the stricken city. "Let the head of every business house in the c-ity attend this meet ing," said Jay Smith, chairman of the committee. "The matter is one of extreme urgency and it is im perative that action should be taken at once. There must be no delay and a prompt and unanimous re sponse is necessary." - The American Can company noti fied Chairman Smith that it would contribute $1000 to the relief " fund. The finance committee met yes terday at 5 o'clock in the chamber of commerce to take definite action toward organized relief for the As torians. Conflicting reports as to what was needed at once by those made destitute by the disaster had in a measure confused the chamber officials who were eager to render immediate aid, so the report of Mr. Andrews was regarded as an offi cial review of the situation. While the emergency in Astoria has been met and the immediate necessities taken care of, according to Mr.. Andrews, a close watch must be kept and Portland must be ready to act on short notice. . The specl train of provisions and coal sent from Portland Saturday reached the coast city that night and was turned over to the local relief committee. There is no need of sending more food or supplies for a few days ex cepting bread, about 1200 loaves of which will be required each day un til further notice. The situation was such that the committee decided to send E. N. Weinbaum, assistant secretary of the chamber, to Astoria to remain during the week and keep the Port land body in close touch with any situation that may arise demanding immediate attention. One matter to be carefully watched is the condition of families who were not touched by the fire- and who up to this time have been (Concluded on Page 9, Column 2.) THE CORNER GROCERY. k : j-J n j i 1 i To swocr! . V Commissioners Think Project Un certain but Pledge Utmost Effort to Help Project. ASTORIA, Or., Dec. 10. (Special.) The state highway commission will be requested to provide for the completion of the portion of state highway that extends through the western part of the city. - This construction, in the opinion of members of the executfve com mittee; is essential to the welfare of the stricken city, as the section through which the uncompleted por tion of the state highway extends j must be used extensively for busl- i ness during the period of rebuild-' . v..0 A..U.UU.,.b ,.,....- bers.of the county court and the ex- ecutive committee will be appointed! to Confer with members 1 1 the high way commission and assurance from the highways commission that the work will be done will be sought. The state highway commission is prohibited by law from doing any road work within the corporate limits of a city of more than 2500 population and as a result the com mission will probably have to deny the request of a special committee and the count court of Clatsop county that tl.e highway commission complete the state highway through Astoria, R A. Booth of Eugene, chairman of the commission, in formed The Oregonian in a long distance telephone interview last night. To grant the appeal the high way commission would have to ob tain special permission from the legislature, Mr. Booth explained. "I am sure that the attitude of,,the highway commission will be very friendly toward Astoria," Mr. Booth said, "but the law prohibits the commission from doing any road work within the city limits of a city of more than 2500 population unless special permission of the legislature is obtained. I don't know just. exactly how far we can go to ward meeting Astoria's request, but I am sure the commission will do everything in its power to help the stricken city." Commissioner John B. Teon of Portland also expressed his willing ness to go as far as possible toward helping Astoria. "We have a meet ing Wednesday and will probably act on this request at that time," Mr. Yeon said. "I don't know ex actly what we can do, but for my part I am willing to stretch a few points to help Astoria." The highway commission has been negotiating with the Clatsop county court for some time concerning con struction of a new bridge over the Lewis and Clark river three miles from Astoria, Mr. Booth said, and he considers it probable that the highway commission can help the county on this project. POSSE MAN IS SHOT DEAD Second Hilling in 24 Honrs Oc curs in Moonshine District. MOUNT SELLING, Ky., Dec. 10 Within a few yards of the spot in Menifee county where Robert C Duff, prohibition agent, was shot to death by alleged moonshiners yes teday, Dave Treadway, 28, federal officer and member of a posse seek ing the slayers of Duff, was shot from ambush and killed instantly late today. TrVE. FfVRtfYR vs WE. ONLY BUSINESS NHp V.E.TS THE. VRICE. TrtrYT Ve GETS TrrrnrmTX r WM Amazing Results Seen at San Quentin. GLAND TREATMENTS TRIED Aged Frolic Like Boys After Slight Operation. 1012 SEEK NEW VIGOR Prison Surgeon Declares Experi ments Are for Most Part Entire Success. SAX FRANCISCO. Dec. 10. (Spe- ciahl: Amazing results from 1468 gland operations on convicts have been disclosed at San Quentin-prison. Men past 70 years,- physical dere licts a short time ago, can run and frolic like schoolboys. The. opera tions have succeeded not only in re storing mental and physical vigor, but have renewed sight, failing through age, have touched on that medical mystery rheumatism and have brought about general health betterment. ' Using 1012 convicts as volunteer subjects, some of them life term ers, Dr. L. L. Stanley has performed more gland operations than any other surgeon in the world. In 90 per cent of these he has recorded "success" he objects to the term "cured." v His experiments have been of two kinds, those In which resort was had to the knife and the more sim ple and apparently equally success ful method of hypodermic treatment, no more serious or difficult than a vaccination, Experiments Cover 3 Years. For 3 years Dr. Stanley has been systematically carrying on this work in the prison. "I do not maintain that Implanta tion of goat glands in the human body will increase longevity, hut I do say that anyone who enjoys good health and vigor, and takes pleas ure in living, will outlive a person with opposite characteristics. This view of mine is based upon observa tion of more than 1000 prisoners and a few officials of San Quentin prison, who have submitted to goat- gland operations. Considering the large number of men who have been operated on, I think I may safely say that transplantation- of goat glands is a success." There is abundant testimony at San Quentin prison that Dr. Stanley is not over-optimistic Popular Idea Wrong. 'The popular idea that the glands of the goat are transplanted In their entirety is mistaken," said Dr. Stan ley. My tirst experiments were characterized by implantation of the goat glands, but today I use simple injection in the abdomen. "The operation Is extremely sim ple, engenders no pain because I use a local anaesthetic before operating, or more properly, injecting, and in no case is a patient confined to his bed for more than 24 hours. We call the process implantation, or transplantation, but, as a matter of fact, It is a simple process of injec tion. "My experience has been that the tissue thus injecteg is absorbed into the patient's system without the slightest harm. What alchemy oc curs to revivify old men to make them young again, renew their brains, improve their eyesight and heighten their spirits, is something beyond me. Reaction la Ufarked. "All I know is that the reaction is marked. There can be no question that injection of goat gland tissue into the human body is a step toward a field of surgical experi mentation which may lead to untold benefit of all mankind. "The results in tuberculosis have not been particularly encouraging, for, as I have said, six of the 17 have passed away. Of the others, 10 of them showed improvement, especially in gain of weight and ap petite. Those who died, I may say, were in the advanced jes of the disease. One woman with pulmo nary lesions gained 15 pounds, and in spite of the fact that she after ward contracted Influenza, gained two pounds subsequently." Of the 336 cases treated for gen eral debility, a careful analysis showed that 305 were decidedly benefited, while 31 prisoners defied anyone to show them a trace of benefit. . . There must be something effica cious in the goat gland Injections, for, of the 58 cases of rheumatism handled, by Dr. Stanley, 49 of them joyfully thanked him for stopping the nearly unbearable pain. Nine patients of the 68 asserted that the treatments gave them no relief. Impaired Vision Aided. With those prisoners suffering from neurasthenia or fancied ail 'ments, the results were not so promising. Of 56 patients making themselves suffer from imaginary diseases, 33 reported to Dr. Stanley that the gland injections had wiped away most of the fancied ailments. Twenty-three, however, failed to (.Concluded on Pass 2, Column 5, J Limb or Tree Breaks. W'hile Man Is Attempting to Discntan , gle Wire of Aerial. " George Sanford Smith, 61 years old, of 609 Siskiyou street, was killed almost instantly about 4 o'clock yes terday when he fell from 'a tree in the yard of his home while disen gaging a wire of a wireless aerial which had become entangled in an other tree. Mr. Smith stepped on a dead limb of the tree, it broke and he plunged to the ground. He died as he was being carried into the house. Mr. Smith was secretary of the Oregon Life Insurance company and a veteran of company F, 2d Oregon infantry, which served in the Phil ippines. He has been an amateur radio enthusiast for more than a year. He had lived in Portland more than 30 years and was a mem ber of the Chamber of Commerce and other civic organizations. Mr. Smith is survived by his widow and three children Harriet Louise, Stanford Jr. and Marylyles. all of Portland. Funeral services will be announced later. WOMAN IN AUTO INJURED Salem Resident Hurled From Machine in Collision. SALEM, Or.j Dec 10. (Special.) Mrs. W. M. Mickenham was injured seriously here today when, an auto mobile in which she was riding with her husband collided with a car driven by R. A. Stevans of Hol- brook. Or. Mrs. Mickenham was thrown from the machine to the pavement and suffered a broken arm and cuts on the head. She was taken to a hospital and later i moved to her home. Mr. Mickenham, who was at the wheel of the car, was not injured. The collision occurred in the resi dence district. Both cars were bad ly wrecked. BOY STILL UNCONSCIOUS Camas Lad Insensible for 96 Honrs Following Accident. VANCOUVER, Wash.. Dec. 10. (Special.) Charles Tucker, 16-year old Camas- youth, who was struck by an automobile while coasting four days ago, was still unconscious tonight, 96 hours since the accident. His condition was about the same as When he was brought to the St. Joseph hospital here, attendants de clared. Tucker sustained a concus slon of the brain and may die as a result of the accident. The lad lives in Camas with his parents. SOVIET RAID REPORTED Troops Said to Have Attacked Chinese Coal Mines. VLADIVOSTOK, Dec ".(By the Associated Press.) Armed Russians crossed the Manchurlan frontier at Aliauer and attempted to capture J the Chinese coal mines, according to a report received here today. They attacked a garrison of Changsolin troops, who, with rein forcements, repulsed the Russians. INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Weather. YESTERDAY'S Maximum temperature, 40 degrees: minimum, 35 decrees. TODAY'S Cloudy, with snow flurries; continued cold ; winds westerly. Foreign. London crowds jam murder court. Page 7. Japan restores Shantung to Chinese gov ernment. Page 2. Rational. Secretary Mellon asks -congress to reduce income surtax rates. Page 5. Rail labor board Is declared doomed. Page 16. Drys hold power In congress despite re action. Page 4. New order In Europe responds to na tional hopes, says Clemen ceau. Page L New baBic Judicial organization recom mended by Attorney-General Dauga erty. Page 2. Domestic. Radical Episcopalian minister pens love poems. Page 4., Old convicts find fountain of youth. Page 1. Pacific Northwest. Seattle Mayor fights 5-cent fare. Page 12. Astoria officials reach an agreement. Page 4. Astoria asks paving of highway section in city. Page 1. Astorl&na plucky, says Mr. Hltner. Page 9. Food and clothing provided for at! at Astoria. Page- 9. Astoria guarded against raiders. Page 1. Astoria starts to rebuild city. Page 1. Sports. Baseball face tempestuous ... ' week. page 14. Many veteran jockeys to race at Tla- juana. Page 14. Scott high school to meet Washington Christmas day. Page 14. Commercial and Marine. Sherwood bank reorganized. Page 21. High costs deter industry in the east. Page 20. Offerings in bonds reach $35,300,000. Page 21. Big freight cargoes taken from port. Page 15. - Financial markets act mysteriously. Page 20. Portland and Vicinity. Radio fan killed in fall from tree. page 1. President's stand indorsed by dry a Page 22. Cheery Christmas planned or Astoria children. Page 1. Two new churches are dedicated. Page 22. Slander and calumny attacked by pastor. Page 13. Portland business men asked to donate Astoria relief fund. Page 1. Cheery Christmas for Astoria planned. Page 1. Japanese shipper arrives in Portland. i Page T, . . " OLD REGIME DESTROYED Continent Remade by Strug gle Between Two Forces in World War. FRENCHMAN VOICES HOPE Aspirations of Millions De clared Satisfied in Struc ture Now Rising. (Copyright, United states. Gret Britain, Canada and South America, by North American Newspaper Alli ance and New York Herald i. Press Publishing- company, all rights re served. Unlicensed reproduction ia full or in part expressly prohibited. Article VI. BY GEORGES CLEMENCEAU. The victory of 1918 was not only a reply to German aggression; it created a European order respond ing to national aspirations, and de spite its imperfections this new Europe constitutes an improve ment on the old regime. France, by its historic effort, contributed in a large measure toward the crea tion of this new order. To protect it she has certain duties to fulfill and certain responsibilities to act up to. The formation of modern Europe was marked by a struggle jetween the forces of domination and tha forces of liberty. Nationalities, barely constituted, found them selves at grips with the former and soughtsupport from the latter. In 1914, from one end of the continent to the other, peoples bowed to an authority they did not accept. Al sace and Lorraine bent beneath tha German yoke but kept their French souL The Danes of Schleswig were Prussians by force. The Poles lived in three particles, under three for eign nations, Austria, Prussia and Russia. The czar's empire, in addi tion, imposed itself upon the Finns, the Letts and the Lithuanians. People Forget Too Easily. The Turks held under their con trol the Greeks, the Serbs, the Roumanians, the Armenians. Aus-.tria-Hungary imposed the suprem acy of a few million Germans on the Italians of the Trent and Trieste. On the Czechs of Bohemia they imposed a like domination; also on the Roumanians of Tran sylvania, on the Poles of Galicia and on the Slavs of Croatia and Dalmatia. People have forgotten, too quickly what suffering and in justice uus .Luruiej: uiap ui. muiupo implied and which we trans formed, late in the day, by our vic tory. The war, by its length and its development, revealed the hatred of ' those who dominated and the hope of those enslaved. Its very origin prepared the awakening. Against the German imperialism of 1914 Serbia defended its sovereignty, Russia her security, France and Belgium their invaded territory; Great Britain defended violated treaties and her threatened coast line. Every hour that has elapsed since has accentuated the origin and the cause of the struggle. In ipi5 Italy prepares to respond to the appeal of the Irredenti; Rou mania aspires to liberate her broth ers in Hungary from the Magyars. In 1917 it is Greece, which, despite her king, sets off to free Macedonia and the Ionian islands. In the same year, finally, America enters upon the scene, under her own flag, conscious of the danger ahead and of the duty of the present, namely, vindication of the right of people to dispose of themselves. Europe Is Transformed. These facts, which comprise tha history of the war, were taken into account in drawing up the peace treaty. This peace was ratified by some; by others not. None the less it prevails and the frontiers that it traced remain, save in Tur key. The Europe of today, whether one likes it or not, is no longer tha (Concluded en Page i, Column JL)