8
THE MORNING OREGONIAN. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1922
ESTABLISHED BY BENBY L PITTOCK
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C A. MORDEN. K. B. PIPER.
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I THE HIGHEST LAW ENFORCED.
No doubt exists in the mind of
Governor Miller of New Tork that
a strike which cuts off the supply
of a necessary of life is the busi
ness of the public' In a message
to the legislature he proposed dras
' tic emergency measures to deal
with the threatened coal famine.
He defined the rights of the public
most forcibly, the telling passages
In his message being these:
A few have set their wills above the
public will, their selfish purposes above
the interests of all. Winter approaches,
a coal famine stares the people in the
face, threatening acute distress among
those least able to provide for them
selves, but the dispute goes on.
The disputants are too intent on car-
rying their points to consider the public
welfare, which it is the high function
of government to promote.
A nation-wide industrial dispute involv
ing essential industries verges on revolu
tion, and, in fact, is the method advo
cated by those who plot revolution. Such
a dispute, irrespective of its merits, is
revolutionary, because . it subordinates
the general Interest to the selfish interest
of a few. It is subversive of free gov
- eminent bcause it subjects all the people
to the tryanny of a few, and a govern
ment established to promote the general
welfare cannot tolerate the tyranny of
any interest, group or individual and en
dure. When the health, happiness and wel
fare of all the people are placed in jeop
ardy, no matter how, the government,
to whom alone the public . can look at
such a time, must intervene. . . .
The time for such intervention has now
arrived.
Emergencies may require the exercise
by the government of unusual powers,
even limiting the freedom of individual
action, but individual interest is subor
dinate to the general interest, which
must be supreme at all times. The in
dividual has to surrender some liberty
of action to preserve any. The extent of
the public need Is the measure of the
surrender required.
Governor Miller emphasized the
relation of the railroad strike to
the coal famine by saying:
The shortage of bituminous coal prom
ises to be speedily relieved if the rail
roads are able to transport it.
There are no stocks of anthracite coal
anywhere. ... If production were
resumed tomorrow, the situation would
probably be aggravated by the impair
ment of railroad equipment, which will
soon be taxed to move the crops.
So impressed was the legislature
with the truth of what the gov
ernor said that within two days it
passed the bill submitted by him.
T anikl;.h.s i ii L
istrator, provides him with a re
volving fund of $10,000,000, and
gives him . authority to buy and sell
coal, to fix the maximum price or
a reasonable profit, compel sale
and seize coal if orders are dis
obeyed. The bill rations coal, reg
ulates its use, even to the closing
of public schools, and empowers
cities to buy and cell coal and to
borrow money for the purpose.
The fuel administrator Is given
wide powers of investigation.
The principles set forth by Mr.
Miller are fundamentally sound
and apply equally to essential
commodities such as fuel and to
essential service, such as transpor
tation. These principles had fallen
Into the background, for until now
no group of citizens had questioned
them by asserting through actual
exercise the right to cut off the
supply of any essential on the pre
tense that this was an incident of
a private quarrel in which the pub-"
lie had no right to interfere. They
have been forced to the front by
the open attempt to force the peo
ple to submit to just such - a
tyranny as Mr. Miller describes. If
the people must unresistingly en
dure famine, cold, enforced Idle
ness, financial ruinwhile particular
groups fight out what they deem
private quarrels, then the nation is
no less effectually under the rule
of a small minority than were the
medieval Italian cities under the
dominance of oligarchies or than
Russia is under that of the bol-
ehevlst oligarchy today.
' These are the considerations
which justify President Harding in
obtaining an injunction against any
ect or word that furthers the rail
road strike, and that justify Gov
ernor Miller in embarking the
state of New Tork in drastic con
trol of the coal business. When
euch extreme remedies are needed
to cope with the disease, it is the
height of arrogance to affirm that
the government of nation or state
transcends its powers in resorting
to those remedies and in taking
means to prevent new outbreaks
of the malady. Public safety is the
highest law, and to it the individual
Interest is subordinate.
TEACHING HONESTY.
' The movement begun by .Dr.
William Byron Forbush, author of
"The Boy Problem," to teach hon
esty among the school children of
America embodies an effort, the
outcome of which will be watched
for with interest, to inculcate the
practical lesson that probity in the
relations of men is essential to the
6mooth operation of the social ma
chinery. It will strike the average
observer as desirable that - the
method be employed as a supple
ment to rather than a substitute for
moral teaching. Every expedient
that serves to impress the value of
honesty upon the receptive minds of
the young can be regarded as a
distinct gain, and we are warranted
In hoping that habits thus formed,
whether resting upon an ideal
ethical foundation or not, will not
be too readily abandoned in later
life.
The pragmatical phase of hon
esty may have been, indeed, too
much neglected. The precise ex-
tent in which rectitude of conduct,
particularly in commercial affairs,
can be made impressive as an ab
straction is still in dispute; there
is, however, no question of the
value of "the kind of honesty which
implies full recognition of the
rights of others as a lubricant of
social progress and a promoter of
democracy. Armed with the right
text books, the teacher should
without much difficulty be able to
fortify the copy book maxim that
honesty is the best policy." The
oretically it doesn't aim as high as
we may wish it did; practically it
seems to he filled with possibilities.
A routine instruction in honesty
nevertheless leaves something . to
be desired. Perhaps after all we
are expecting too much , of the
teacher and the school, and are
growing to rely too little on the
force of parental contact and ex
ample The home is the ideal place
in which to teach the cardinal vir
tues, honesty among them, and we
suspect that the children of citi
zens who take their responsibilities
seriously will not need much
formal Instruction in the classroom
particularly upon a topic essen
tially moral in its scope.
ADVANXE OF NON-UNION WAGES.
Facts disprove the charge that
employers have entered on a con
certed campaign to beat down
wages below the American stand
ard. The steel corporation has in
creased wages of common labor 20
per cent, coal operators In the non
union districts of Pennsylvania
have raised wages almost 50 per
cent, and increases have been made
in the cement and other industries.
There are of course business rea
sons for the action of the steel cor
poration, which is the greatest em-
ployer of non-union men in the
country. Its action is due to the
condition of both the labor market
and the steel market. When bust
ness is reviving there are Jobs for
all the able, willing workers. De
mand for steel having . grown to
70 per cent of capacity, it is sound
business to pay higher wages In or.
der to attract enough men to pro-
duce this percentage, for the closer
output approaches to capacity, the
more cheaply each ton is produced.
fixed overhead charges being
spread more thinly over a large
than over a small output.
This' action ,of employers goes to
prove that wages are paid Cut of
production, and that the sure way
for workmen to raise them is to
Increase production. It is an old
saying that one cannot take more
out of a pint measure than one
puts in, and the only way for work-
men to take more wages out of
production is to put more work in.
When wages fall. It is not capital
that ETinds them down but eco
nomic law, and that law grinds
capital down also by reducing
profit and lowering the price of
what workmen consume.
TWO VIEWS OF ALLIED DEBTS.
American public opinion on the
subject of allied debts is summed
up about as well as it could be in a
letter from Edward Price Bell,
London correspondent of the Chi
cago Daily News, to the London
Times. He regards Balfour's note
as "designed to throw Uncle Sam
on the screen as an International
Shylock" and as "calculated un
justly to produce ill will in this
country (Great Britain) against the
B'c--
.numbers of Americans regard the
whole fabric of civilization as rest
ing on credit," inability to pay as
insolvency and refusal to pay as
repudiation. Americans feel that
cancellation of debts "might stimu
late militarist tendencies, result in
increased armaments and finally
involve further war." They "would
like to see much more economy,
much sounder financial practice, a
much more pacific psychology in
Europe" before they think of can
celing debts or of further financial
help.
Americans, says Mr. Bell, "do not
feel that it was their war in any
thing like the same sense that it
was the war of" the allies, for they
had no part in the diplomacy that
preceded it. "It was the moral
character of the war," he says,
"and the menace to freedom in
Europe that set the deeps of Amer
ica in motion." She came a long
way at a staggering cost, not want
ing anything, and her contribution
was crucial.
Though Americans hear how
much they "do not know about in
ternational affairs," he mentions
"a few substantial facts that all
Americans do know." The general
European idea that they got rich
out of the war is a delusion. The
war cost us "nearly twice the total
reparations now claimed from Ger
many." Our industries "passed
through the severest depression in
their history," and "tens of thou
sands of farmers are borrowing
money to pay war taxes." Ameri
can war charities aggregate four
billion dollars "only a little less
than the British debt to the United
States." But Americans do not wish
to magnify a single one of these
facts; "their wish is for sympathy
and forbearance, for restraint, for
patience, among the nations," as
the means to "that international
mood essential to international co
operation and peace."
A companion to this letter" is a
speech of H. Wickham Steed, editor
of the London Times, suggesting an
all-around plan of settlement. This
is that Great Britain should treat
its debt to the United States as a
business proposition, pay the inter
est, give bond for the principal and
say: "Whether it will be in your
interest or not to receive the rest is
your business." He would then
have Britain' tell the other allies
they had been over-optimistic in
their estimates of the amounts they
could extract from Germany and
suggest that they give discount for
cash, that the other allies pay
Britain their part of what the Ger
mans ought to pay them, and then
Britain should say: "We will burn
the lot." He would call on Ger
many to recognize frankly this lim
ited liability and to give guaranties
against bad faith in the future,
whereupon Germany would be re
admitted to the family of nations
and all together could "become
physicians to that great invalid in
the east Russia." He imagined
that,- when America found that
payments on the debt were em
barrassing its trade, it might say:
"Let us come into the swim again,
and help them and ourselves out."
The sum of both opinions Is that
the nations of Europe must stop
jangling, get together on actual
economy, reduction of armaments
and settlement of debts before it
can even look for indulgence from
the United States. When they have
reached this general settlement.
they may not nee.d to ask for re
mission of their debts to this coun
try, for we may not only be in the
mood but find it to our larger in
terest to -"pe the slate clean rather
than accept the great excess of im
ports that- would be necessary to
pay the debts. We should prob
ably discover that in order to create
this excess, Europe would reduce
its purchases from us by buying in
other countries those commodities
that we have been accustomed to
supply. Affairs have not yet
reached that stage, and Europe has
much to do before they can, but
Americans are steadily learning
that international debts cause fric
tion between nations and are an
obstruction to trade.
GOOD FAITH AND GOOD BUSINESS.
, It. is our recollection that when
the school bonding and taxation
plans were prepared fdr submission
to the voters of this school district,
the school authorities felt that they
had pared the building programme
down to the bone. The district
really needed 1 more money than
was asked for.
Certain it is that the funds pro
posed to be raised were carefully
apportioned beforehand, that that
apportionment was set forth in a
pamphlet and that pamphlet-was
distributed among the voters.
The voters authorized the bond
Issue and voted the new tax. Prob
ably the average voter in studying
and approving the authorized
pamphlet had little expectation
that it would be adhered to to a
hair's breadth, but certainly no one
expected to see a wide departure
from the schedule except under un
foreseen emergency.
No emergency has arisen. Yet
for the Holladay school, which was
in the authorized programme for
a 15-room, cottage-typ building
costing $90,000, plana are being
prepared for a 20-room, two-story
building to cost at least $200,000.
Available school funds have
heretofore been definitely appor
tioned the regular funds by adop
tion of a formal budget as required
by law; the new funds by an in
formal budget on the basis of
which the school board appealed to
the voters.
Clearly If one item in the budget
is departed from in the amount of
$110,000, that sum must be saved
by cutting out or cutting down
other items. Thus definite prom
ises will not be fulfilled and defi
nite needs will remain unsupplied.
Or, if unexpected revenues have
been discovered, there are, if repre
sentations heretofore made are
correct, numerous places in the
district where $110,000 can be
placed to the advantage of pupils.
parents and the general public.
It does not seem to be wholly a
matter of choice between building
types. The elements of good faith
and good business are also present
THE PROBLEM OF DIVORCE.
The gravity of the issue of di
vorce, which perennially absorbs the
attention of sociologists as well as
churchmen and is uppermost in the
minds of most persons who have
the welfare of their most sacred
institutions at heart, Is derived
from Its intimate association with
the lives of all people and from
the inescapable consequences of
loose sexual morality to the com
munity as a whole. The contest
between the philosophy which
holds our highest ultimate inter
ests to be best served by the pro
motion of personal happiness and
the mass concept which subordi
nates the individual to the whole
social body and regards the former
as only incidentally deserving of
consideration is perpetual. It is
complicated? by diversity of opinion
regarding the nature of the mar
riage relation itself and even by
fundamentally different notions as
to what constitute true religion and
morality. It is made more diffi
cult of determination by the obvi
ous sincerity of the advocates of
pposing expedients. Agreement
that the home is the foundation
and the bulwark of the civilized
state militates curiously against
essential further agreement upon
methods by which the . results
which all desire to accomplish
might reasonably be expected to be
achieved.
The outstanding fact is that di
vorce has amazingly increased, not
only in the United States, which is
at the head of the list of nations
in ihis particular, but also in other
countries of the world. The con
tention of the French savant, M.
Bertillon, in 1883. that legislation
extending the causes for which the
marriage tie could be dissolved did
not ultimately operate to increase
the number of domestic shipwrecks
appears not. to have been justified
by events. The exhaustive and
more recent examination of the
problem made by Carroll D. Wright
as sustained in the main the claim
that statutory laxity is invariably
accompanied by corresponding
growth in the number, of those
availing themselves of their newly
conferred privileges. The move
ment toward relaxation has been
progressive, elsewhere as well as
In the United States, but has been
most 'noteworthy in this country.
Only four states . in the union
showed in 1916 a decrease in the
divorce rate by comp"arison with
906. In the LTnited States as .a
whole there were 112 divorces per
100,000 of population in 1916. The
total number of divorces In that
year was 112,036, a few counties
of negligible importance being
omitted from the returns. The total
number in 1906 was 72,062, or 84
per 100,000 inhabitants. In 1896
there were 42,937 divorces. The
increase in actual numbers for 1916
over 1906 was 55.5 per cent; for
1906 over 1896 it was 67.8 per cent.
In each instance this was somewhat
more than three times the per
centage of increase of population.
In forty years, covered by two
federal inquiries, from 1867 to 1906
Inclusive, the total number of di
vorces granted .'in the United States
were 1,274,341. By decades, they
were: From 1897 to 1906, 593,362
divorces; from 1887 to 1896, 352,
264 divorces; from 1877 to 1886,
206,595 divorces; from 1867 to
1876, 122,121 divorces. The latest
of the four decades showed an in
crease of 68.4 per cent over the
third, which had 10 J per cent more
than the second, and the latter in
turn showed an increase of 69.2 per
cent over the first..- Increase in
population for the corresponding
periods-was respectively 20, 25.5
and 30.1 per cent. Our divorce
rate per 100,000, which was 28 in
1870, a little more than half a
century ago, was precisely four
times that, or 112, in 1916. If the
incidence of divorce were the true
measure of felicity, we should be
the happiest people in the world.
Conflict between the early view
that marriage is a contract between
the parties Immediately involved
and the opinion that it is an issue
of concern to the state, both run
ning to the civil aspects of the
question, is eternal. The61ogical
determination is clouded by con
troversies over linguistic interpre
tations, but the influence of Chris
tianity is observable in abandon
ment of the theory of personal con
tract only, notwithstanding which
states have not been conspicuously
successful in their efforts to har
monize their interests with the
broader moralities involved. The
effort to devise a law which should
not be so harsh as to lead to com
mon disregard, yet not so lax as
to lessen regard, for the sanctity
of the bond, continues. The ten
dency toward laxity, however, has
been marked, and has been mani
fested by a number of collateral
phenomena. Both in number of
permissible grounds for the disso
lution of marriage and in the op
portunities for liberal interpreta-
tion by complaisant magistrates,
laws have leaned in the direction
of greater freedom of individual
choice. Undoubtedly fraud has
crept in, but the charge of venality
need not be broadly sustained to
prove the point that divorce has
pracmcally been restored to the
personal compact status . which it
enjoyed under an early Roman
civil law.
Most of the arguments pro and
con were presented a few years ago
Dy a sr:tisn commission appointed
to inquire into the subject, and
which recommended that the num
ber .of causes for -which absolute
divorce might be granted be In
creased to six. It is interesting.
because of the contrast which . it
( presents to the
rigorous statutes, to recall that it
proposed a restrictive definition of
cruelty, for want of which a good
many of the statutes of the Ameri
can states have been construed as
practically tantamount to free di
vorce. But opposition to relaxation
of divorce laws was then, as it
mainly is now, founded, on doubt
of the value of a remedy for un
doubtedly Reserving cases which
was held to be "crudely callous to
all other consequences.". The ques
tion at issue was declared to be
the alternative between the expe
diency of "trying to make the lot
of certain parties concerned easier
and happier, and the wider expe
diency of strengthening the family
life against the" influences which
are threatening its strength and
vitality." It was contended that
experience showed that "on the
whole increase of facilities of di
vorce leads to domestic instability,"
that "there is abundant evidence
that those mainly affected by the
divorce court are becoming- less
careful of the obligations of family
life," and that "the true causes of
marriage failure are. trenerallv.
lack of sense of responsibility in
entering the married state and lack
of self-control, self-sacrifice and
sense of duty in continuing it" ,
wnetner the suggested remedy; k
moral ftrlntton i ... : . r
individual conscience, embodies an
impractical counsel of perfection
- -- ... i j v. ouuiuinLiun i i
and whether civil authority may
nope to solve the Issue unaided by
the inspiration jf religion furnish
a topic for debate which by itself
would seem to contain educational
possibilities of its own.
The New Tork police - have
started a vigorous campaign
against beggars. With so many
bootleggers around loose something
had to be done so the men on beat
could keep busy looking the other
way.
This is time for annual recur
rence of warning from Mr. Joe
riutcninson of the city hall, license
inspector, that the dog tax is due
Were this a nation of free men in
stead of serfs, there would not be
a dog tax! ,
The one-story, school buildinsrs
are cheaper, they look better, they
are more up to date in every re
spect and there is far less danger
to me cnnaren if fire should break
out.
Hunger captured the man who
escaped from the federal prison at
McNeil island. A city man and
auto thief, he had no resources on
which to make a getaway.
Sooner or later there will have
to be not one new bridge across
the Willamette, but two -or three
of them. That's one of the costs
of being a big city.
Three automobiles in collision
are enough, but Eugene had four in
a crash due to slippery pavement
Only a five-cornered intersection
cah beat that.
The public market is outgrowing
its bounds. It cannot go farther
east, north or west. It should oc
cupy a block, but where is the
blockr -.
"Tariff on wool is full of dyna
mite," says a headline. It beats all,
but we presume somebody Is trying
to adulterate It with gun cotton.
Five maritime nations are in
dulging in a . steamship rate war,
and when that happens you may
know the real war is over.
Fl? ran rtio thought being a
bishop was the easiest job going
might. take. a look at those here.
They are workers. ,
There ought to be some provi
sion for giving a medal to an of
ficer who puts a burglar out of
business. .-'..-
The small boy should not grum
ble about beginning school. His
dog feels worse after the summer.
Not "the best sort of weather for
the big convention, but the best on
hand and pretty good.
Report that the ex-crown prince
was dead startled Berlin. "Spiffli
cated," probably.
Rescue of the miners at Jackson
will be the best news film of the
week.
The Listening: Post.
By DeWItt Harry.
O
NE of the sights of the lower
Columbia is that of horses
working up to their necks in water.
These animals, doomed to an odd ex
istence, are engaged in drawing in
the great seines with their catches
of tons of salmon. It's a cold, cheer
less life even for a horse, and they
certainly seem out of their element,
but they must be all right, for visits
from the humane society are un
known. Excursionists or strangers mak
ing their first visit to the mouth of
the river hardly can believe their
eyes when they see horses) running
about in the middle of the bay. The
animals work in shoal water, for
there are many sand spits that the
tide barely covers. If men' were to
try to drag In the heavy nets it
would be nearly Impossible ever to
make a haul, and some heady wight,
in the days of long ago, when sal
mon'fishing was in its infancy, con
ceived the plan of using horses, and
there they have been ever since.
It does give the uninitiated some
what of a start to see the animals
roaming about in the middle of the
I harbor, for all water, from the
boats, appears of the same depth.
But there. they are, with Just their
heads showing and moving about at
will, as' if they were swimming
Occasionally one of them will step
off into a deep hole, but they soon
learn how to take care of them
selves and easily swim to safety.
A close view will show that many
of the poor horses have little if any
hair, for immersion in salt water
for untold hours seems to kill it.
They only can work when the tides
are right, for when the water is in
it rises "six to ten feet and they
would have to be real fish to accom
plish anything.
The horses are kept on barge
stables moored near their seining
grounds, and another unusual sight
is to sete cannery tenders making
their way toward the fishing gangs
with their decks covered with bales
of hay. The camps of the men and
their horses make a floating village
moored far from shore, and on some
stormy days when the wind is driv
ing the spray It Is none too com
fortable for either man or beast
while at their duties.
I
Is it that housekeepers have
grown careless or that the average
person is cleaner, but what has hap
pened to the old-style doormat or
the foot scraper that used to adorn
every home entrance? Possibly some
antique dealer could -furnish one of
these treasures, but it's doubtful If
they would be considered an orna
ment. Take the woven-wire mat, now
the one that could be furnished with
a motto or the family name by the
simple method of inserting marbles
for the design. Wouldn't it strike
us right between the eyes to find
one of these with white and pink
marbles tracing out the owner'e
name? Or the rubber mat with "Wel
come" thereon? Nowadays many
homes bear the other extreme in
discouraging visitors, seeming to
cultivate a sort of an icy exterior
with their "No Peddlers or Agents"
signs. .
One newly-made husband is find
ing his wife a treasure. It used to
be in bachelor days that when be
would take her out, or some other
girl before he met her, the couple
would go through menu cards like
a tornado and order at will. If he
wanted a salad he had it and she
one, also, and they usually, by this
duplicate system, ordered much"
more food than they could eat, but
for which he had to pay.
But after the wedding day all was
changed. The girl had not made
several trips into Canada and Eu
rope without learning something of
real frugality. Now they divide
their dishes. One salad is divided
and one order of fish and one of meat
make them a real meal, with ample
variety. For they share, their food
as they expect to share everything
else in the future, and it was the
wife who showed him economy.
. ' ,
In deadly seriousness the young
sters take to imitation, though they
may not know the wherefore or the
why for things they try and do Just
as their elders. A mail carrier had
been harvesting a number of scrawls
from, one of his collection boxes,
and one day he caught the culprits
as they were stuffing the recep
tacle. A sturdy little fellow sup
ported his little girl friend as she
dropped the "letters." They were
writing to all their friends and left
it to the mail carrier to deliver the
letters even though they were not
addressed nor in any recognizable
language. Father wrote letters;
then .they could, too.
.'
Many mothers have a fervent
aversion to cats. From some re
mote instinct has come this feel
ing. Frequently it takes the form
that a cat sleeping with a child will
sap its vitality or smother it to
death. Of course, there is also the
sounder fear of disease and the cat
is a potential source of infection.
as it is difficult to tnorougniy
cleanse Its fur. The chances are
that some vampire sucked the blood
from a child In a cave home ages
ago and the horror yet persists.
Mrs. Eddie K. Shunn of Golden-
dale, Wash., in illustration of the
proverb A soft answer turneth
away wrath," says: "It Is better to
speak paregorically or a person
than to be all the time Hinging epi
taphs at him."
Just as a suggestion for a modern
parable with many a likely applica
tion, might we not suggest the deal
robin which starved to death be
cause ha could not hear the worms t
An amateur gardener who has
made a careful study of planting
and blossom seasons admits that he
is puzzled by the whims of flowers.
The weeds in his garden show a
healthy tendency to bloom at any
and all times, but the flowers only
show forth for a few weeks. In
terested in the system of budding
roses to wild root stock he is trying
to evolve a method -of grafting his
garden flowers on weed roots.
The birds early " In ' the spring
travel about in couples after they
have reached their- summer homes.
Now they are gathering in flockss
again, preparatory to their trip
south for the winter. It is an indi
cation of the near end of summer,
but the weather- makes it a far
distant prospect.
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Folks at the Hotels.
For . 20 years Pete Sende worked
In the Argonaut mine in California,
which mine is now the center of
news interest because of the en
tombed miners.. Mr. Sende, a resi
dent of Medford registered at the
Hotel Oregon, is as familiar with
the mine as he ia with the streets
of Medford and more so than with
the runways of Portland. He has
worked In the level where the im
prisoned miners are and he enter
tains hope for their rescue. There
is water available at the level
where the'miners are hemmed In,
according to Mr. Sende, and while
the water is not of very good qual
ity, it is not poisonous and in the
stress of circumstances it will be
used by the prlsor.ers. With water
at command, Mr. Sende figures that
the miners can live longer than a
week, although they suffer from
lack of food and are subjected to
the mental anguish and terrors of
being buried alive in a black
cavern. If the rescue party can
reach the miners within the next
couple of days, Mr. Sende believes
that at 'least some of the men will
be found to retain the spark of
life.
Getting accommodations in the
downtown hotels is becoming some
what difficult for the travelers and
salesmen. The hotels are taking
care of many church dignitaries and
delegates to the Episcopal -conven
tion, so that when the salesmen
come along and want sample rooms
and the average traveler comes In,
there is a problem of how to care
for them. . Baths are as scarce as
hen's teeth. What is puzzling the
bellhops In the hotels is how prop
erly to address the churchmen. Bell
boys always endeavor to address a
patron by title. If possible. They
know the army uniforms and never
call a colonel a major or anything
like that, but - they are now up
against it and have been trying for
a week to distinguish a bishop
from a plain reverend, i
M. H. Abbey, hoteiman of New
port, Or., is at the Hotel Oregon.
The summer season at Newport
wound up Labor day, as it did else
where at the summer resorts, and
there was an exodus of mothers
and kiddies for home. The season
at Newport has been quite satisfac
tory but the old-timers are looking
forward to 1923 as the first of the
big years, for by the time the sea
son opens next summer the Cor-vallts-Newport
highway should be
all surfaced and then visitors can
flock in by automobile. Newport
offers a greater variety of attrac
tions than the average Oregon
coast resort but heretofore the long
Journey required to reach the Ya
quina' bay country has deterred
many people from going there.
Bay City is so small that the
average motorist going to the Tilla
mook county beaches whizzes
through without observing its im
portance as a salmon packing
point. Bay City is on Tillamook
bay and is an incorporated town,
with a mayor and everything. The
treasurer of Bay City is William
Bragg, who has arrived at the Im
perial, accompanied by his wife.
There is a belief in Bay City that
some day an electric railway will
be established between that town
and Portland and that passenger
steamers will touch at Bay City and
the passengers will be whisked
into Portland, along with fast
freight, thereby saving valuable
time. '
S, H. Howden of Mitchell, Wheel
er county, is at the Imperial. Some
day some author seeking for local
color and plots -or western stories
will find it profitable to drop into
Mitchell, live at the hotel on Main
street for a week or two and
gather enough yarns of gun fights
and sensations to supply him with
ideas for a year. Time was when
no Fourth of July' was properly
celebrated in - Mitchell without
someone being shot up, and on oc
casions a couple of men would die
with their boots on.
Speaking of peppermint, the ex
tract is one of the infant industries
of Oregon and is being grown witn
success in several sections of .the
state. There is a steady demand
for the juice of the mint, even
though juleps are now only a mem
ory. The chewing gum manufac
turers provide most of the market
for peppermint. Don K. Hoster, a
peppermint grower, of Silverton,
Or., is at the Hotel Oregon.
Among the delegates to the Epis
copal conference who arrived at the
Hotel Oregon yesterday are the
Rev. Walter B. Caper and wife, of
Jackson, Miss.; the ' Rev. Pierre
Cushing and wife, of LeRoy, N. T.,
and Mrs. J. J. Wilkins. of St. Louis;
Walcott W. Ellsworth, wife and
daughter of Johnstown, N.
Bishop DuMoulin of Cleveland. O.,
arrived at the Multnomah yesterday
for the Episcopal conference.
CATHOLIC CHURCH OX DIVORCE
Position Stated In Response to
Wrong Inference hy Dr. Grant.
PORTLAND. Sept. 4. (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian Mon
day prominence was given a state
ment of Dr. P. S. Grant of New York
on the subject of divorce. In it
he refers to the Catholic position
on this question in, a manner mis
leading and incorrect, for he con
fuses elements that might prevent
one from contracting a valid Chris
tian marriage with causes that
would break such a bond once it
is lawfully contracted.
In the Catholic church there Is
absolutely no cause or causes that
are held sufficient to break the
bond of valid Christian marriage.
The well known case of Henry VIII
verifies this statement. Whatever
others may think concerning the
policy or correctness of this posi
tion, we take in a liberal and un
equivocal sense the words of the
old .and new testaments: "What
therefore God hath Joined together,
let no man put asunder.
However, there are various ele
ments that might render an at
tempted marriage invalid at the
time: e. g.: If a Catholic legally
married but separated, and while
former partner is still alive, were
to conceal these facts, and fraudu
lently marry again, the second mar
riage would be null. Or if under
stress of great fear or violence
one gave a forced consent, this fact.
If proven conclusively, would ren
der the attempted marriage null.
Or if there were blood relation
ship such as between first and sec
ond cousins, ana the ract were un
known or concealed, It would be an
impediment which existing at the
very time marriage was attempted,
would invalidate it; etc.
It should therefore not be diffi
cult for anyone to see the differ
ence between a pre-existing im
pediment to valid Christian mar
riage, and the breaking of the bond
itself after it was contracted.
Hence the remarks of the gentle
man are particularly offensive and
unjust when he said: "That is to
say a Catholic who has the means
and influence is provided with
more ways of being rid of an in
tolerable partner than the Episco
pal church sanctions or any civil
government."
... A CATHOLIC.
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright. Houa-nton-Mlfflln Co.
Can You Answer These Questions f
1. .What bait will muskrati take
in a trap?
2. Can mosquitoes be repelled by
planting any special trees or bushes?
3. I inclose a clipping stat'ng the
English sparrow, bulfinch and wood
pigeon are pests. Is this true?
Answers in tomorrow's nature
notes.
Answers to Previous) Questions.
1. Is there any difference be
tween the "popple" and the "poplar"
tree?
That depends on what sort of tree
you mean. The large-toothed pop
lar, or aspen, populus grandldentata
Michx., would not be correctly called
"popple"; but this name is locally
used for the trembling poplar or
quaking asp, populus tremuloldea
Michx.
3. Why do some birds go up to
some cold northern spots to nest?
We are not sure anyone can tell
you "why." Those cold northern
places are at their warmest, bes
lighted period at the season when
they entertain nesting birds an
young. Also, insect life is very ac
tive there and-then. The food suppl
and hours for leathering food would
be favorable to many birds nesting
in the far north; and possibly dimly
recalled family habits may Influence
them to go back to what may have
been a habit before the ice age.
-
3. Is It all right to-keep a squir
rel in a cage?
. If the squirrel Is well fed, allowed
a good-sized cage, and not teased,
may not be actively cruel to confln
one, and squirrels are so numerou
and so little helpful, that the fe
specimens kept in cages are hardly
robbing nature. But they make poor
pets, irritable, apt to bite, destruc
tive if let out to run. It is suggested
by Ingersoll, whose "Life of Mam
mala" we often quote from, that
feeding squ'rrels on one's ground
or even giving them hollow-log nest
ing boxes, is a pleasanter way to
make pets of them.
(Copyright. 1922. Houghton Mifflin Co.
HIRAM JOHNSON'S "VICTORY
Brought About Largely by Force
of Reaction.
New York World (Dem.)
Hiram W. Johnson went Into th
California primaries boasting tha
his majority would be 175,000. He
came out of the primaries with
majority amply sufficient to renoml
nate him for senator, but relatively
so small that he is eliminated as
presidential possibility In the re
publican national convention of 1924
Johnson's opponent is not far ou
of the way when he says that "the
back of his political machine has
been broken.'
Johnson's great spectacular
achievement in politics came In 1916,
when, as an avowed and uncom
promising progressive, he wa
elected to the senate in California
by a plurality of 296.815, although
President Wilson carried the state
against Mr. Hughes by 3773. Tha
victory gave Johnson enormou
prestige. and after Roosevelt
death he was looked on as the
strongest leader of the progressiv
elements in the republican party.
In 1920 he sought the nominatio
for president as a progressive and
showed remarkable popular
strength in many of the primaries.
The Chicago convention disregarded
him, but an important element 1
the party still believed that he was
the most aggressive champion of
whatever progressive policies re
malned.
Johnson's friends Insisted that th
California primary this year would
be a test of 1924, and it was. Bu
the Johnson who was a candidate
for renomination was no longer
progressive. He had broken with
the progressive republicans of Call
forma and had aligned himself with
the corporations and reactionaries
that he once fought. He had Will
iam R. Hearst with him. but Hearst
Is never very particular about the
political company he keeps, and
Johnson proved to be no more
squeamish than Hearst. While th
Fordney-McCumber tariff was mak
Ing its leisurely progress through
the senate, Johnson managed to
load it down with provisions for
monopoly protection to everything
that California raises, and thl
achievement was regarded as
final stroke or political genius,
Johnson went home to tell his con
stituents that California was the
best protected state In the union
and then waited for his testimonial
of popular approval.
Three months ago there was no
organized opposition to his renoml
nation. Ten weeks ago C. C. Moore
who had never held an office of any
kind, decided to run against John
son in order to give the progressive
republicans of California a chance
to express themselves at the polls.
Moore has been beaten, but his vote
demonstrates that Johnson has lost
the old progressive following in the
state which gave him distinction In
national politics. He has sunk to
the status of a California Lodge
without Lodge's scholarship or
Lodge's long experience in public
affairs.
The public service corporations
are powerful in California. The
fruit growers whose private pockets
Johnson has so well served were
also powerful. So is the old reac
tionary element with which John
son once battled and with which he
is now allied. Hearst has a large
following among the ignorant and
the radical. But all these influences
combined could not give Johnson a
plurality that makes an appeal to
the imagination of the country. For
Hiram Johnson the California prl
marles were' an anti-climax, and no
ambitious political career can sur
vive an anti-climax.
As the country Is swinging more
and more toward liberalism again.
Johnson, by some curious perversity
of temperament, swung to the side
of reaction. Soon or late every
demagogue guesses wrong. John
son guessed nearly enough right to
hold his seat in the senate but has
missed completely the great prize
that he was seeking.
More and more Mr. Harding Is
coming to believe that he is des
tined to be a one-term president,
but he knows now that whatever
else happens it will not be Hiram
Johnson who takes the nomination
away from him in 1924.
In Bad Company.
, Harper's.
When a vote is to be taken on
some Important measure, a con
gressman who cannot be present
"pairs" himself with some repre
sentative who would vote "aye" to
the congressman's "nay," or vice
versa. Once a democratic member
of the house received a letter from
an active politician of that party In
his district, calling attention to the
fact that he was reported in the
Congressional Record almost every
day as being "paired" with a repub
lican. "I don't doubt your loyalty
to the party," read the letter, "but
I think the boys would like It a good
deal better if you were paired with
democrats instead of republicans,'
More Truth Than Poetry.
By Jmh J. Montagu.
EMILATIOS.
Little Johnnie means some day
To make the bleachers scream
Every time they see him play
On a big league team.
He's got the pellet well controlled:
He's quick, and cool and calm,
And when he's 21 years old
He'll be a Teal phenonf.
All he needs to have Is fame
Ambitious little mite
And then some day he'll throw a
game
And feet rich over night!
Tommy's learned to clout the pill
Across the garden wall.
He has the most amazing skill
For one so very small.
He'll be a big league player soon
And have the game down pat.
And knock 'em half way to the moon
When he steps up to bat.
And he has not the slightest doubt
That he'll hit such a gait
That he can sell a series out
In 128.
Eddie's playing center field
And alms to be a star.
He says that some time he'll bt
heeled
And have a- motor car.
"I'll only need to wait." says he,
"Until I get my break;
The gamblers will come up to me
And find out what I'll take,
ril double any price they name.
And If they treat me fair.
The day I blow and quit the gam
I'll be a millionaire."
A Forgotten Me BSCS,
It has been a long time sines any.
body blamed cheap whisky for any
form of crime.
s
He Might Have Backed Out.
Little did Mr. Harding guess In
1920 that he was being nominated
for. the office of umpire.
Explaining Dull Times.
l.ot much can be expected for a
for a.
month or two now. People will
that much time to sleep off th
fects of their summer vacations.
(Oopyrlrht, 1A22. hy Bell Byndlests, Inc
I met two horsemen riding
Upon a broad highway.
With pleasant faces riding.
Though one was bent and gray.
And one a splendid, handsome youth.
With jest and laughter gay.
I asked the cheerful riders
Why they went on together.
Why youth and age. Ill-sorted,
Shared equally together;
Youth answered, "I can never leave
While in my charm age will be
lieve." "And what of age." I queried,
"Can you not rest content
With all your years of riding
On worldy wisdom bent?'"
Aee answered. "I must ride, you see
So long as youth believes in mi "
And eo they rode together
Along the highway fair.
And met life there together
Each with his load of care.
And hand in hand they found liff
not
A grievous thing to boar.
In Other Days.
Twenty-Five Years Ago.
From The Orcgoiiisn of September 6. lfi:7
London. From Constantinople
comes the word that the Sultan Iih
been In consultation with the Cx;ir
and that their correspondence has
resulted In arrangements in whu-li
the Sultan agrees never to use his
Influence against Russia in central
Asia, and the Czar pledges himself
to uphold Turkish rights In Europe.
London. The Egyptian cotton crop
just closed has yielded SM.nitn.Oim
pounds, double that of a dei-ado ago.
The sewers of the city have lin-n
prettv thoroughly overhauled mo
put In good order for the rainy teu
ton. At Gates, a station on ihe old
Oregon Pacific line somewhere up
In the Santlam region, the two main,
buildings of the' town are a rhiirrh
and a saloon. A clergyman who
visited the place tound, nturh to hi'
dismay, that the name f.f the pa
loon was "Gates Ajar."
Fifty Years Ago.
From Th Oregnnisn of KTtember
Louisville. Charles OTnnnr to
day declined the nomination of the
national democratic convention to
he their candidate for the offlre of
president of the United states.
Where are the plumbers? By
reference to the roiim-ll proceedines
of last Wednesday evening it will be
noted 'that no bids for the contrart
to erect several fire hydrants ere
received. Where sre the men who
do such Jobs?
An astonishing chsnae has been
wrought In the appearanre of
Fourth street, above Jefferson,
since the commencement or work
along that street to bring it to the
established grade.
GOVERNMENT KKGLEtTS DITV
Employes In Dana-crnus w orlc
fthould Re Insured.
PORTLAND. Sept-5. (To the Krtl-
tor.) ds'oting the column of Infor-
ation you printed concernlnir the
unhappy financial condition of the
family of Mr. Price who was kllleii
in performance of duty for the gov-
rnment. I feel inclined to com
ment upon the apparent careless
ness of government officials who
hire men like him to carry on surli
angerous work without a thought
as to the awtui ronsequeni-es
his family of a tragedy like that of
unday morning.
It seems that men In such em
ployment should be required to
how the officials wno nire in
hat their families are reasonably
rotected against Just such a con
dition as this, through the milium
of life insurance.
One month's salary invested in a
lfe insurance policy would haw
secured a living for the mother
nd education for the chltdrm.
It. 11. S
Birds and Ulsanrds.
PORTLAND, S'-pt. 5. (To th-
Editor.) Do all birds have rlz-
ards? KlT.st-lMUKi:
Yes, but not always in the de
veloped form of the gizzard of the
omestlc fowl. The comparatively
large muscular gizzard is char
acteristic of brain-eating birds. In
birds that live wholly on fish the
Izzard is barely distinguishable
ut develops If they are fed on
grain.
arrsslnn- Brersea.
Life.
The Young Thing This heat Is
terrible. Why don't we get Johnnl
to give us one of those osculating
fans?
Inter-Dependence.
By Grace E. Hall.
N
4
r