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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 19, 1922)
THE 3I0RXIXG OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, AUGUST 19, 1922 3 T OF WORKER S TO STRIKE ROB LEWI Congress May Soon Have to Pass on Question. LABOR DOMINION LOOMS PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS PRAISED' BY SENATE AND HOUSE LEADERS. - - (By Chicago Tribune Leased Wire.) ' ' WASHINGTON, IX C.i Aug. 18. Mr. Harding's address brought forth comment of a varying nature. Senator Lodge, Massachusetts, republican leader in the senate. Walkouts Raise Queries Xot Read ily Answered Status of Sev eral Classes Compared.' BY MARK SULLIVAN. (Copyright by the New York Evening Post. Published by Arrangement.) WASHINGTON, D. C, Aug. 18. (Special.) It isn't possible to pick out any one aspect of the present etrike and say that it is the single big question involved. There are several extremely important aspects of the situation. One, for example, is whsther we are to have in the United States in the near future a labor government. Some of us who have followed these strikes careful ly have arrived at a fairly confident judgment that one of the heads of the railroad brotherhoods, Mr. Stone. is as much a candidate, for president of the United States as, let us say. Senator Capper of Kansas. The same surmise can be made about Mr. Lwis, bead of tha miners' union. Another of the questions involved Is whether we are going to have in this country group domination on the part of workers in various in dustries, exercising an economic and political leverage through compact organization on a nationwide scale. Omitting for the moment these aspects of the- strikers, there is one other question which by its nature permits a more exact analysis. That question is whether men en gaged in railroad work shall be per mitted the same right to strike that is conceded to men in some lines of work and denied to men in others Right to Strike Problem. Superficially the answer to this question is that no men ehall be denied the right to strike. This is the answer that has been given fre quently m congress and that has determined the past attitude of con gress on this subject. In fact, how ever, the answer is not so easy as this. There are many men engaged in many lines of work to whom the right to strike is denied by 'the overwhelming consensus of public feelings. Let us start with soldiers. Sol diers are not allowed to strike. If they attempt to stride in time of war they are promptly shot down and buried in dishonored graves. , The public sentiment which regards mutiny in time of war as the last word in dishonor is practically uni versal. Even in times of peace sol diers who attempt to stWke may be ehot. If the conditions do not seem to demand this extreme .punishment they are, at least, put 'in jail for long terms. In the same class with soldiers are seamen and others engaged jn the armies and navies of the world. Police Status Similar. ' Next consider policemen. It is al most as generally conceded that po licemen must not strike as. it is that soldiers shall -not strike The public odium which fell on the po licemen who attempted to strike in Boston three years ago is still fresh in the public memory. It was large ly because of His prompt action on the theory that policemen have no right to strike that Vice-President Coolidge, then governor of Massa chusetts, got his present standing with -the public. In the same class with policemen are firemen. One degree further removed from the binding prohibition against striking are mail carriers and men otherwise engaged in the postal service. Among this class of workers there was a few years ago an incipient gesture toward a strike, which was promptly nd severely repressed by the post master general, Mr. Burleson, with the complete assent of public opinion. We now come to the railroad workers. The theory is that the uninterrupted functioning of trans portation is such that men engaged in it are only a little different from soldiers, policemen, firemen and mail men. We are at the point now where public opinion seems clearly about to crystallize on the principle that railroad workers must be added to those who, because of the nature of their employment and its relation to the public welfare, must forfeit the privilege of striking because of its inevitable conse quence in the interruption of a function essential to the common welfare. Senate Forced to Yield. When the present law governing the operations of the railroads was passed the theory that railroad workers must be denied the right to strike was put forward. The question was debated in congress earnestly on both sides. In the end the senate adopted the principle that for railroad men to strike is a crime. The house, how ever, refused to accept that prin ciple and after a two-months' dead lock 'between the two houses the senate was compelled to recede. One reason why the senate lost that fight lies in the unfortunate phrase whicA happened to be attached to the principle the senate fought for. It was called the "anti-strike" provision. As a matter of fact, this particular statute applied not only to railroad workers but to railroad managers as well. In the actual listing jof those who were forbidden to enter into any agreement likely to interrupt transportation the railroad managers came ahead of the railroad workers. But because of the phrase "anti strike" the bill got a bad name and was beaten. Sooner or later the question must come up again and the question must be settled whether or not railroad workers are in the same class with the soldiers, police men, firemen and others who must not strike; or whether they are in the same class with men in other in dustries whose right to strike is un deniable. Mine Worker Considered. A shade Jurther removed from those who are by the general con sensus of sentiment prohibited from. striking is the mine worker. The theory that coal belongs in the same classification with transportation, police work and military operations in its indispejisability to the public welfare is just" beginning to gain said: "I think it a most excellent message. I thoroughly agreed with all the president said at the close of the message as to the supreme . acy of the government of the United States and as to his intention fully to enforce the laws." t , . Senator Cummins, Iowa, chairroein of the senate interstate com merce committee, said: ' "I considered the president's message as. a very strong, wise anol decisive statement regarding the present situation. . I thor 1 oughiy approve of what he said and suggested." ' - "It was a very good speech," commented Senator McOormick of Illinois. - , ' Senator Pomerene, Ohio, democrat, said:' ' ,. "Every real American must applaud -what the president said ,. with respect to the necessity for preserving law and order." '"In my judgment." said Senator Watson, Indiana, republican, "the president expressed the views of nine-tenths ofjthe American people." ! w ,.- ' Other leaders commented as follows: ' "Representative Garrett, Tenessee, acting democrstic leader: "If the president, six weeks ago, had deemed It proper to speak words whose meaning would hiive been clear and unmistakable, such as some of the sentences used in his address today could be interpreted to mean, the country and the world would have been before this and now in an infinitely better position. The message is so complicated and involved that it is impossible to understand precisely what he means." ' ' Representative Mann, Illinois: "It is a very informative mes sage to the America people." " Representative Mondell, Wyoming, republican leader: "The president's message is very fine and will meet with a favorable response from the American people." Representative Butler, Pennsylvania: "The strength of the message lies in the last sentence, and now that the president has reasserted the determination to aid in the -transportation problem by maintaining order, the country will- expect the federal govern ment to be prepared to act." " FOREIGN VETERARfS ground. The principle of prohibition against striking is in all cases re lated not only to the nature of. the work but also to the manner in which the, pay of the worker is "de termined. - Wherever the work -Is purely private and the wages we determined hy a private employer it is generally conceded that the em ploye has complete freedom to strike. Cases where the worker is pro hibited from striking go " hand in hand with the cases where avages are fixed by the public The wages of military and naval men are fixed by act of the national congress. So also are the wages of mail men. The wages of policemen and fire men are fixed by the local common" council in each municipality. " At present under the operation of the law which now governs the rail roads, the wages of railroad work ers are fixed by a labor board which is set up byi congress. This fact alone carries with It a strong im plication -that the railroad worker shall not be permitted to strike. It will be interesting to note the analogy between those locomotive engineers who abandoned their trains in the middle of the Arizona desert and another class of workers also engaged in transportation. If those men, instead of being locomo tive engineers, had been engineers on an ocean steamship and if they had abandoned their work in the middle of the ocean, they would ow be either in jail or else fugi tives on the seas with every man's hand aeainst them. There is not, after all, a great deal of difference between the discomfort and danger to life involved between abandoning a train in the middle of the Arizona desert and abandoning the engine of a ship in the middle of the. Atlan tic ocean. More Prohibition Coming. On this matter- of the right of railroad workers to strike and to a less degree on the right oi coai miners to strike we are just in process ot evoiuuon. .iiie umus"" that have been set down here, it is believed, will afford some sugges tion as to what the next step is likely to be. So far as the present wViter's nersonal teeiings are ot anv admissible to add that he views with strong distaste the condition which evolution plainly points toward as the next step. All prohibitions of any sort wnicn interfere with complete freedom of personal action are repugnant to the fundamental American principle oi the maximum' of personal liberty. But people who hold contrary opin ions are as certain to be overriaaen as are workers themselves. In the present state of the world we are pretty clearly in the micist of an evolution, the final state of which will tend to make us all like bees in a hive, each going along in his determined groove' from hour to hour under the complusion of the minutely organized mass. To most persons with old-fashioned notions 'of political economy and the function of the human spirit this prospect is most unpal atable, but this is clearly the direc tion in which , the western world is going with increasing momentum. About the only person who is at tempting .to make headway with a different philosophy of life is that Indian leader Gandhi, and he is now in jail for his attempt to make the tide go back. GENEflflL MAKES FLIGHT AIR VOYAGE OF 3000 MILES .. IS.-TEMPESTUOUS. Assistant Cliief ot Alr Service Travels far orr Trip to ' -Aero' Fields. - .-' (Bv Chicago Tribune Leased Wire.) WASHINGTON, D. C.,' Aug. 18. Aftel traveling by airplane approxi mately 3000 ;miles, General William Mitchell, assistant chief of air serv ice, has just returned to this city from an - inspection of air service activities in the. middle west, visit ing McCook field, Dayton, O.; Self- ridge field. Mount Clemens, Mich.; Culver,, Ind., Milwaukee, Chicago and Cleveland. On his trip between Milwaukee and Culver, General Mitchell en countered wrefvhed weather con ditions, being forced to struggle through severe rainstorms and heavy clouds. From Chicago to Self ridge he ran into the worst thun der storm he'had ever seen and was forced to fly' for about 50 miles around the edge of the storm. He then turned around and came back toward Lake Michigan at an alti tude of 10,000 feet. He accomplished the trip from Selfndge .field, to Cleveland in 1 hour and 40 minutes, flying straight across Lake Erie, a distance of 35 miles, at . 10,000 feet altitude. - . Lieutenant Paul C. Wilkins, array air service, left Boiling field at 5:05 this morning on h.i flight across the continent. His trip westward will be via Dayton, O. : Scott field, 111.; Fort Riley, Kan.; North Platte, Neb.; Cheyenne, Wyo. ; Salt Lake, Utah; Elko, Nev. ; Reno, Nev., and San Francisco. On his return trip Lieu tenant Wilkins will take the north ern route, traveling along the aerial mail route to Salt Lake City and then proceeding northward to Cas per and Sharon, Wyo.; Miles City, Mont.; Bismarck and Fargo, N. D. ; ELECT MR. HUSTOIV Two Portland Men; Named ' . to Offices. " ; MR.. JONES ON C0UNCJL moment it is perhaps at least Minneapolis, Chicago,. Dayton, O., and back to W ashington. President of Illinois Honored. SAX FRANCISCO. Aug. 18. Dr. David Kinley, president of the Uni versity of Illinois, now visiting in San Francis-co, was the guest of honor at an annual dinner given ton'feht a,, a downtown hotel by the members of the Illinois Alumni as sociation, v Pill Aged Woman's Hip Broken. KELSO. Wash., "Aug. 18. (Spe cial. ) Mrs. Patience Glover. 80, one of the early residents of this dis trict, -sustained a fracture of her hip in a fall. Dr. . Roy A. Peebles Is Selected Surgeon-General--XorfoIk, Va.,. AVins Next Meeting. - SEATTLE, Wash., Aug. 18. Nor folk, Va., was selected today as the 1923 meeting place- of the national encampment of the Veterans of For eign Wars of the United States at the twenty-third encampment of the organization in session herev ' Colonel Tillinghast L. Huston part owner of the American league baseball... club, was unanimously chosen :by the veterans to succeed Robert G. Woodside of Pittsburg as national, commander-in-chief. Past Commander Woodside was elected to a five-year term on the national council of administration, and John Walker Jones of Portland. Or.-? re tiring senior vice-commander-in-chief, to a four-year -term. . . - - Other Officers Chosen..' Other, officers chosen included Andrew Hawkins, Minneapolis, vice commander; Charles Dodson. Nor folk, Va, junior vice-commander; Walter L. Joyce, New York, quartermaster-general; Major Robert Starr Allyn, Brooklyn, N. T., judge-advocate-general; the Rev. J, Phil ips Anshutz, Tacoma,' Wash., na tional , chaplain, and Dr. Roy A. Peebles, .Portland, Or., surgeon-general. ' ' . , -:. ; Tomorrow; the final day of the en campment, will be devoted to pleas ure and' entertainment. . Among resolutions adopted by the convention was one authorizing the adjutant-general of the organiza tion to telegraph President Hard ing and congress, asking that the national adjusted compensation-bill be taken up and disposed of imme diately after the tariff bill; : now before the senate. Another resolu tion urged that the birthday of Ulysses S. Grant, April 27. be made national holiday. Congress and state legislatures were asked in a resolution, unanimously adopted- to pass laws making it illegal to kill pigeons, useful as message carriers in time of war. Hot Fight Develops. The hotest fight of the conven tion developed over a resolution in troduced by the California delega tion, proposing to place .the Vet erans of Foreign Wars on record as opposed to the Ku Klux Klan. The resolution was finally tabled, affer speakers had declared that what ever the organization's feeling, as expressed by individual delegates, toward the klan, any action to be taken should be initiated by state or federal authorities. Colonel Huston was presented with a -huge bouquet of roses by the Portland, Or., delegation, when it was announced that Portland's candidate for the office had withdrawn. HARDING FIXES BLAME (Continued From First Page.) of democracy are surrendered to mobocracy and the freedom of, a hundrert millions is surrendered ' to the small minority which " would have no law." - . At the same time the president called attention to another element which he said he believed was re sponsible to some degree for strikes and for the difficulties of restoring industrial peace. "I refer," said he, "to the warfare on the unions of labor. The gov ernment has no sympathy or ap proval for the element of discord in the ranks of industry.. We recog nize these organizations in the law and we must accredit them with in calculable contribution to labor-'s uplift." Discussing. the coal strike spe cifically, Mr. Harding warned con gress that, although the skies now appeared to be clearing, more trouble can be expected when wage contracts are renewed next April, unless the executive is provided with adequate authority. He declared that "except for coal from non-union districts the country is at the mercy of the United Mine Workers," and detailed how settle ment of the present strike had been delayed for many weeks although evidences had come to the White House that in many localities the workingmen were "anxious to re turn to their jobs." - Manuscript Is Reviaed. - Arrangements for the president's appearance before congress, yhioh twice had been postponed to await developments in the conference of rail executives and Onion chiefs in session at New York, -were com pleted only an hour before he went to the capitol, and during the morn ing his manuscript underwent last revision after a session of the cabi net. It is understood that, although the New York meeting was not mentioned in the address, the de cision to go to the capitol without further delav was reached after it had become apparent no final agree ment ending the strike would be possible for several days. As the chief executive was on his way up Pennsylvania avenue in a White House automobile, another complication developed which for a time threatened to overturn entirely the plan fog a joint session to hear the address? Objection Is Withdrawn. Republican leaders in the house, hurriedly arranging for passage of a resolution authorizing the body to sit with the senate in special ses sion, were stopped abruptly by a point of no quorum interposed by Representative Huddleston, demo crat. Alabama. Before the begin-: ning of the rollcall, however, which would have required upwards of an irour and which the leaders said might in the end reveal that no quorunt was present. Mr. Huddleston withdrew his objection upon the re quest of the democratic house lead er, Representative Garrett of Ten nessee .. For the most' part there was no party division in the reception ac corded the president's declaration, the applause, sweeping the entire floor and the galleriesas he pro nounced deliberately his warning against lawlessness and swelling into nroloneed ovation as he con cluded with the pledge to "use all the 'power of the government to maintain transportation and sustain the right of men to work." BORAH'S BILL IS INDORSED Harding's Recommendations- Said to Conform toMeasure. THE OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Washington, D. C, Aug. 18. Presi dent Harding's recommendation of a commission to make a thorough in vestigation of the coal mining in dustry is understood to carry with it an indorsement of a bill for this purpose recently introduced by Sen ator Borah. Senator Borah said today that he stood ready to make such modifica tions as would suit the president, and that in any event he expected to alter the bill to give the presi dent a free hand in choosing the members of the commission. The Idaho senator said his' pending plan to have'a commission to include one coal operator, one representative of the miners and one member repre senting the public was subject to change. He said he had become ot the opinion that all members should represent the public, because to put one operator and one miner on the j commission would mean nothing more than a resumption of the long drawn out debate between employer and "employe. SPEEDER'S. PUT OB RUCK JUDGE WHO SEES ARRESTS DEFENDS TRAFFIC SQUAD. Testimony of Violators Seeking to Impugn Word of Officers Draws Fire From Bench. ( From the variety of excuses of fered to him since Lieutenant Er vin's corps ' of ' ' speed officers launched its drive against careless drivers, Municipal Judge Ekwall be gan to wonder whether the officers held closely to facts in every case. To determine for himself, the inrls-p. a couple of days ago, went out with tne policemen and saw them, make 21 arrests. , In police court yesterdav 18 nf these 21 careless drivers pleaded not guilty. They had divers excuses to , (Special.) Irene Lewis, a Tenino offer to the court, and not a few of them contended with vehemence that the arresting officers were of fering testimony that was not in accordance with facts. After a few of these excuses had been offered, Judge Ekwall took a hand. "I'm getting mighty tired of hear ing you people blame the officers and say they are trying to get you," thundered the court. "As a matter of fact I was present myself when these arrests were made. I saw the traffic violations with my own eyes and know of my own knowledge that the officers are in the right." The air was thick with a lot of silence from then on. The luckless ctianged their pleas tojguilty, and without exception they?were ready to Pay a fine. The standard penalty of $5 for cutting corners and similar minor offenses was levied by the court. girl, was injured Wednesday night when a .22 caliber rifle in the hands of Lloyd Matthews, a playmate, was accidentally discharged. The bullet lodged in the chJld'B arm. Tenino Girl Hit by Bullet. CENTRALIA, Wash., Aug. 18.- lioquiam Voters Register. HOQUIAM, Wash.. Aug. IS. (Special.) Announcement of the coming special advisory election to select a map for the office of com missioner of safety with the title of mayor gave a decided impetus to registriion here yesterday, the of fice of City Clerk Neick in the base ment of the library building being filled with a steady stream of peo ple all day. The books close next Tuesday. Only registered voters can cast .a ballot at the advisory election. The prestige of Oregonlan Want .ds has been attained not merely by The Oregonian's large circulation, but t-y the fact that all its readers are Interested in Oreeonian "Want-Ads. 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