8
TIIE MORXtXG OREGONIAX," THURSDAY, -AUGUST 17, 1923
ESTABLISH EI 11 V HENKY I PIITOCK
Published by The Orea-oniatt Pub. Co.
X3i blxta Street. Portland, Oregon
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WHAT THE THIRD PARTY GETS,
An agreement having been
reached between the United Mine-
workers and operators -of the cen
tral bituminous field, the question
cf general - interest Is: What has
each party gained and lost by a
struggle which kept about half a
m'llion men idle for four and a half
months and cut off 72 per cent of
the bituminous coal production,
what has it cost not only them but
the public, was it worth the price
and how. can such a disturbance of
industry be prevented In the fu
lure? Although only some of the
operators of seven states, employing
from 60,000 to 75,000 out of a total
of 450,000 "Ynlners remaining on
strike, are parties to the Cleveland
tcrtement. no doubt exists that
other agreements will quickly be
made and that the 'strike will soon
be over. Therefore the time has
come to assess damages and bene
fits, and to discuss how we- can in
sure that it shall not happen again.
The union demanded that a con
ference between Us national scale
committee and - operators of the
four central states should arrange a
contract which should be the basis
for contracts In other fields; in
other words, a national agreement.
They also demanded an increase of
wages, a reduction of the working
!ay from eight to six hours, and
continuance of the check-off sys
tem, by which operators deduct
union dues from "men's wages and
pay them In bulk to the union, thus
establishing the closed shop.
Operators contended that com
petitive conditions had so changed
that a four-state scale as the basis
for all other states was impracti
cable. They therefore refused to
enter a general conference for a
national agreement, and proposed
state and district conferences and
scales. They stood for a reduction
of wages corresponding to that
which has taken place in other In
dustries, for the eight-hour day and
against the check-off system, which
' Jiad been condemned as illegal by
a federal court, though this de
c'slon had not been tested in the
supreme court.
President Harding on July 10
proposed that the miners return to
work at the old scale and that a
commission of arbitration fix a new
wale by districts, to be effective
till March 31, 1923. The miners
approved investigation of the in
dustry, but rejected arbitration.
The majority of bituminous oper
ators accepted the whole plan, but
four districts declined.
In the settlement the miners get
no advance of wages and no re
duction of hours, but the operators
tret no reduction of wages and con
tinue the check-off system, which
means the closed shop. But the
miners get no national agreement,
for each state or district is going
to work on arrangement of its own
scale. The public has already suf
fered serious disturbance of indus
try, near-exhaustion of stocks of
coal, famine prices which can be
checked only by use of the power
of the Interstate commerce com
mission to prevent profiteers from
obtaining cars. The public has In
prospect a rush of coal traffic on
the railroads just when crop move
ment will be at the maximum, and
a winter coal famine In the states
tsually supplied by lake vessels and
where stocks should have accumu
lated during the summer. The one
f--int glimmer of hope held out to
the public that this sort of thing
vill not happen again comes from
the agreement to appoint a fact
finding commission composed of
cne miner, one operator and one
representative of the general pub
lic Meanwhile the public will have
to pay prices for coal that are based
on the scarcity caused by the strike
tnd on a wage scale that is above
the general wage standard. For the
less caused b ythe Etrike operators
sre compensated by higher prices
fue to the shortage of supply that
the strike has caused, miners by es
caping a reduction of wages and by
assurance of steady work till stocks
are replenished, but the public will
pay for all this, and all it gets is an
Investigation which will not put a
dollar back in any man's pocket.
This summing up should satisfy
any man who can think straight
that the strike was worth its cost to
those directly concerned on no
ether theory than that they wanted
a long rest and would make the
public pay for It in the resultant
iigher prices and wages. To. the
people, who in the mass compose
tie government that protects the
life, liberty and property of the
tody of men who make them "the
treat." the strike was a total loss.
Periodically for years the people
lave had dinned in their ears the
woes of the men who own the mines
and produce the coal, but have
found them deaf to the woes of those
who buy and burn the coal. As the
people look back on the last sum
mer especially those of them who
will be unable to procure coal In
xero weather the opinion will
grow to conviction that a coal
strike, like a railroad strike, is not
a private quarrel, that they are not
only a third party but the principal
jarty In interest, and that they
should take a controlling hand in
the next quarrel, They1 will Jook.
the president and congress for
action as will insure that the
rights of the people shall be re
spected when labor and capital
quarrel over their rights.
VARDAMAN,
The sovereign democratic voter
of Mississippi did not listen heed
fully to Woodrow Wilson in his ap
peal to them to defeat Vardaman
fcr the senate. It is no credit to
them, for he should have been
beaten. To be sure, there is to be
a final contest a-run-off primary
-- between Vardaman and Stephens,
his principal opponent, and Mis
sissippi has yet a chance to redeem
.tself in the good opinion of the na
tion; but the outlook Is not any too
promising.
The - country at large does not
know much about Stephens; but It
knows Vardaman. So does Missis
sippi know him. Knowing him, it
can have no excuse- for returning
him to the senate. Four years ago,
t1. anj dislnval
I " " . VT
service of Vardaman in the senate.
. Mi-sisriri)i Indeed did vote to keep
Vardaman at home and sent Pat
Harrison to the senate In his place.
It was a hard alternative, but Mis
f.ppl did the best it could in the
circumstances. Now it shows signs
of repentance, of good work.
Vardaman was one Of three dem
ocrats in the senate who voted
against the declaration of war with
Germany, and he was one of the
willful twelve who were against the
resolution for armed neutrality. He
-ras a thorn in the side of President
Wilson always, a truculent, trouble
come, trifling, temperamental ego
tist, demagogue and obstructionist,
who was a sore trial to patriotic
men in the senate and in the na
tional administration generally.
It is interesting to note that Var
daman boasts in his biography, in
the Congressional Record, that he
was the first governor of Mississippi
to be nominated under the primary
tystem, after several defeats in con-
ention, and that he was defeated
for senator in the legislature but,
appealing his case to the'people, he
was in 1911 elected by 60,000 ma
jority. That's Mississippi. It is
also the primary at Its worst.
"THE VIRGINIAN" DIES. ' -
Originals of celebrated characters
in fiction have ever a way of re
maining more or less modestly ob
scure, in the pursuit of placid lives,
until death crooks a" finger at them
ai d folks say: "Know who he was?
A great novelist put him in a book."
Doubly sad it is to find that the
ways of the narrator and the ways
of life are quite dissimilar. Kdwln
B. Trafton, said to be the title hero
tf Owen Wister's most famous
i.oveU "The -Virginian," took his
summons while enjoying an ice
cream soda. Certainly no novelist
who valued his reputation and the
interest of his readers would have
devised such an end for such a
character. The Virginian? He
should have dies! with his boots on,
as Trampas died to the breeie of
bullets and the coughing smoke of
a :44. If Trafton was the original
trien Mr. Wister owes to the public
a word or two of understanding
lUlogy. It must, indeed, be tough
for such a valiant to cross the di
vide at a soda counter.
"The Virginian" was one of the
first of the genre of western novels.
It remains one of the best, though
hundreds have been written In the
twenty years since it appeared. In
deed, in dramatisation it survived
the test and was as popular as when
between covers, which proves that
ts author was an excellent crafts
man and not given to idle melo
drama- There is not a crude tone
or tint of affectation, or deliberate
design to impress, in all Its pages.
yet one would ride a very long way
to find a more admirable hero than
the Virginian, or a more despicable
illian than Trampas, or to behold
duel more epic than that in which
Trampas died. If one wearies of
western novels with impossible
neroes, obviously written for the
films, one can always return to that
first.
But as for the passing of Edwin
B. Trafton, westerner of the fic
tional type, we are again impressed
with the fact that life and death are
often ironical, and perpetrate jests
that novelists could never counte
nance. OCR DEFENSE IN THE AIR.
Preparation by the army and
navy of a programme for defense
by aircraft is so obviously dictated
by the lessons of the war that its
delay to this day can best be ex
plained by the confusion that fol
lowed the armistice. Our first line
of defense must hereafter be in the
air, not on the sea, for a hostile air
fleet could sail over our navy and
ank it, then over our cities and
wreck them and over our armies
and demoralize them, unless each
was well defended in the air. -Suc
cess of the pioneer flights across
the Atlantic may be as quickly fol
lowed by building of large numbers
of long-radius fighting planes as
were the first flights of the Wright
crothers by the tremendous devel
opment of aircraffin war. '
Bombing of warships from ihe
air does not prove them worthless;
it proves the need of aircraft to de
fend them from .air. attack, much
as the torpedo causes them to be
preceded by a screen of destroyers.
Naval battles in the future may be
gin with battles for supremacy in
the air, and the result of the battle
between planes- may decide that of
the battle between fleets.
In order to guard our coast cities
against surprise attack by air, a
ctrong air patrol should toe provided
and should be capable of rapid con
centration at a point of danger. By
that means a hostile air fleet could
be prevented from soaring over the
Interior to attack inland cities and
army cantonments. An offensive
leing the best defense, our air fleet
should be equipped to go far from
land and attack the warships and
transports of an invader.
As poison gas is likely to be the
chief weapon in the next war, in
hpite of all that arms conferences
may say in condemnation of it, our
-rcraft should be prepared to use
t as well as for defense against it.
Repugnant as the thought is, use of
gas by an enemy fully Justifies its
tse by an opposing army. When
gao bombs have been produced that
are capable of blotting out a great
city if dropped in large numbers
from the air, we dare not take the
risk of assuming that no potential
enemy will use them.
The air force may serve as a sub
stitute for a considerable part of
future additions to our army and
ua.vy, la fact 11 superior 1 num..
br.rs, skill and fighting quality it
might work such havoc with a hos
tile force as to prevent the iatter's
coming into contact with our land
or sea forces. It would be most
effective in quelling internal dis
turbances, for a few planes swoop
Icg down 'with a burst of machine
gun, fire would soon disperse a mob.
Other nations recognize these
truths, for France has an immense
air force and Great Britain has
started on an extensive programme,
ay has Japan. Encouragement of
commercial aircraft is as essential
to the efficiency and rapid expan
sion of tVjr military air force as is
the merchant marine -to the. main
tenance and expansion of our navy,
ROOSEVELT SET AN EXAMPLE.
' There is deep significance in
President Harding's message on the
occasion of the turning of the first
sod on the site of the Roosevelt
statue in Portland, for he evidently
alludes to Roosevelt's action in an
industrial crisis similar to that
which now exists. He reminds us
of '"the example which Roosevelt
wt fn the crisis of his career by his
unfaltering loyalty to that public
interest which is SUPERIOR TO
EVERY OTHER CONSIDERA
TION," and he continues:
It was characteristic of his genius
that he always studied and inquired with
infinite patience until he unerringly reo
ognized the comparative importance of
elements involved - In public problems,
and then courageously dealt with them
in direct and vigorous fashion. It was a
method worthy the emulation of all who
would serve as he served and I trust the
nation may find that his example has
not been forgotten.
The illusion is plainly to the an
thracite strike of 1902-3, which
caused a coal famine accompanied
by acute distress on the Atlantic
coast. Roosevelt tried every means
of persuasion to bring about an
amicable agreement. ,He induced
the miners' leaders to agree to arbi
tration, but found the operators
obdurate. While continuing his ef
forts for arbitration, he instructed
General Scofield, in command of
the army, to prepare to seize the
mines and operate them on behalf
of the government under military
guard. Though acceptance of ar
bitration made this extreme meas
ure unnecessary, he was fully re
solved to resort to it if all other
means should fail to secure a
supply of coal. He held that the
right of the people to. fuel was, to
use Mr. Harding's words, "superior
to every other consideration."
Like his predecessor, Mr. Hard
ing has resorted to every other
means to bring about a settlement
of the railroad strike, but in vain.
Also like Roosevelt, he seems ready.
r.s a last resource, to deal with it
"in direct and vigorous fashion,"
for his commendation of the ex
ample set by Roosevelt is open to
no other construction. Though a
patient man, less forcible in speech,
lie has shown that he has a reserve
capacity for vigorous action and
that he does not fear clamor and
opprobrium.
He has at least as good cause as
Roosevelt had to intervene with the
full power of the federal govern
ment. The railroads exercise a
function of the government, for to
them is entrusted provision of the
kind of highways that Is most used,
and the public interest in their
operation' surpasses any interest
in the question of seniority, to
which the. points in dispute have
been whittled down, and demands
unqualified acceptance of decision
by the labor board, at which the
strikers balk. It is not to De toler
ated that many thousands of people
should be threatened with ruin by
loss of their entire crops in order
that the shopmen may maintain
their totally untenable claim that a
railroad strike is a private quarrel
with which the government has no
concern. :
OlFTS TO OCR GRANDCHILDREN,
According to the interpretation
placed on the water power law by
law officers of the war, interior and
agricultural departments, the peo
pie of those sections where water
power can be most cheaply gener
ated are to have no advantage in
low rates. They must pay the same
rates as those people whose power
costs more to produce, and the re
sultant excess over normal profit
must be placed in a surplus ac
count, to be applied to amortiza
tion of the cost of the plant in case
the government should elect to re
capture it at the end of. a 50-year
lease. That opinion decided the
federal power commission when
adopting rules for accounts to be
kept by power companies to which
It grants leases.
The law Is held to require lessees
to keep accounts from year to year
showing their net investment after
deducting all items "accumulated
during the period of the license
from earnings In excess of a fair
return on the investment." These
items are unappropriated surplus.
credits to depreciation and surplus
income held in amortization, sink
ing fund or similar reserves or ex
pended for additions or better
ments or used for those purposes.
The intent is that the plant be
maintained as good as new and up-
to-date out of income, but that ail
income applied to additions and
betterments or carried in surplus,
depreciation or amortization ac
counts shall be deducted from the
investment which the government
must refund to the lesseB in case
it should decide to buy or recap
ture the plant.
In order to see how this rule
would work, let us suppose a stream
named Roaring river on which
power can be produced so eco
nomically that it can be sold at
$10 per horsepower year and yield
the standard rate of return on the
investment that is fixed by the
utility commission. On Bear river,
some distance away, is a plant
serving a rival community to that
served by Roaring river which can
not earn, the standard return at less
than $11 per horsepower year.
Roaring river would be required to
charge $11 and to carry tjie dollar
of excess income to a surplus or
amortization account. This fund,
with interest, would accumulate for
fifty years to a total equal to, if
i.ot exceeding, the. net investment
Then the government would take
the plant and pay nothing for -it.
The power company would divide
the surplus among its stockholders
and bondholders to reimburse their
investment. The people- served by
Roaring river would , have a plant
that had been paid" for by the con
sumers of the preceding fifty years,
which would have to bear no inter-,
est charge nothing but cost of
operation, maintenance . and re
placement of depreciated and ob
solete machinery while the Bear '
river people would stlU be subject
to all these charges. If the gov- J
ernment snouia continue me ti
rate at Roaring river, it would de
rive a. great revenue from the
natural advantaj which equitably
belonged to' the people served by
that plant. If it should reduce the
late to the amount sufficient to
pay the remaining charges and
fair return on working, capital,
w-hich would include nothing as
cost of .the plant, it would give
that community an immense ad
vantage over the Bear river people,
but it would have postponed for
fifty years any enjoyment by the
Roaring river people of their
natural advantage in location.
' . Is it just to the people of the
next 50 years that they should pay
an excessive price for their power
in order that a power plant may be
l:anded free of cost to their children
and grandchildren? The people of
that half-century have their own
burdens to carry, chief among which
is the cost of a very expen
sive war, whereby they secured for
their' posterity the enjoyment of
liberty and the perpetuity of demo
cratic institutions. Is it not just
that our grandchildren should be
required to bear their own bur
dens, and not be presented as birth
day gifts with a 'fine assortment of
power plants in full operation?
Will it not be as true then as it
now is that people are the better
for having to work for what they
get, and that grandfather's legacy
cf free power plants may prove a
curse rather than blessing? Other
cogent arguments might be ad
vanced against the policy of the
law in this particular, but we have
offered our lawmakers much food
for meditation.
BACK TO FEUDALISM.
Perhaps we are drifting back to
feudalism. The feudal lord was
supreme in his province. His re
tainers were pledged to his service
and in payment for the wisdom of
their leader in war or council they
kept him In state and comfort. The
books say that feudalism passed
leng ago. What then of Judge
Landis, overlord of baseball, Will
H. Hays, potentate of the films,
and Augustus Thomas, grand baron
of the drama? .Here we seem to
have feudalism in full flower.
"Hale me this varlet to the dun
geon!; orders the eminent Landis
Forthwith the varlet is haled.
"I find Hollywood to be an ideal
retreat of genuine, ' lofty-souled
artists," asserts the equally eminent
Hays. Thereafter there are no flies
on Hollywood.
"Playwright, chop that line
thunders the also eminent Thomas,
The ax falls, ink spurts, the line
lies headless, footless, witless.
This is feudalism beyond perad
venture. These scenes take us back
to the barons, their frowning
castles, their myriad spears. Save
that the. shifting changes of time
have attired the characters in linen
and wool instead of satins and ar
mor plate, and that the identity of
their organizations is commercial
rather than military, the - barons
are with us again. We rather like
the scheme. There was a need for
leadership.
The restaurateurs would have
baron of their own, to bow knee
unto. . Their candidate is Will H.
Hirst, of Gotham, an attorney
who, among other things, is notable
for his championing of light wines
and beers. He will be placed in
nomination at the national conven
tion of caterers, and will probably
be acclaimed the benevolent despot
of the eating house. When sb
chosen he will ride to battle against
restrictive laws and regulations'
which hamper the caterer in his
enterprise." .
To this baron the public would
fain address a word. Will 4t not
be possible,- subsequent to his, elec
tion, to have the sou) warm and
the salad cold? Will it not be pos
sible to impress upon the charm
Ing waitress that she is serving a
patron, and not tossing provender
at a hired hand? Will the newest
of barons not use his influence with
the management to bring about the
gratifying of these simple boons?
In the light of the muddle that
Germanv has got itself into and
lrom which it seems unable to ex'
tricate itself, it is unlikely that we
shall hear as much about "German
efficiency" in the future as we
jave iji the past.
Congress is trying to make Chair
man Lasker of the Shipping board
tell where he buys the liquor he
c-;ells on government ships. In short,
there is a fine opening for a good
congressional bootlegger.
The anti-tobacco league will take
counsel, if it is wise, of the circum
stance that the country seems to
have its hands about full with the
enforcement of present prohibitory
laws. -
Recognition by the United States
of Esthonia and Livonia does not
mean, however, that they are on a
tar with this country as places to
live in yet. .
The cost of living in Austria has
ircreased 124 per cent within a
month, yet it is safe to assume Aus-
trians have had their beer at any
price.
An expert dietician says Portland
people eat too much. Yt it is a
fine thing to have -the - price, the
food and the appetite, all three.
Having made a financial success
of pay-a-fine week, the traffic of
ficers will next week extend cour
tesies to the double-parkers.
Sojourners in country hotels
should wear the latest in night
clothes, for there's no telling what
time a fire may start.
Fatty Arbuckle , has become - a
traveling salesman, and as long as
be keeps on traveling nobody can
1-ave much objection.
The amalgamated order of busi
ness agents will have received a
blow in the solar plexus by the time
ihis trouble is over.
The latest Frenchman to marry
Anna Gould prefers Victoria to Se
attle for the way he is fed. He may
mean "watered."
The Germans are complaining
about the poor quality of their
beer, but wait untiljthey try home
brew.
A prospective coal shotrage will
not bother Portland. Slabwood is
ier original 0tandbya , .
Stars and Starmaker.
By Leone Cam Baer.
X ATJRETTE TAYLOR Is to be
XJ starred in a -theatrical produc
tion of "The Humoresque," written
by Fannie Hurst and based on the
story and film by the same name.
Miss Taylor will "play the role of
the Jewish mother. "
An interesting guest in Portland
is Herbert Hayes, a native son of
Oregon, who is visiting his mother,
Mrs. L. J. Hayes. Mr. Hayea is an
actor of note, and received his early
training In 1905 and thereabouts
when he played bits with the old
Baker stock on Third street. Soon
afterward he went to New York and
played in eastern productions until
he became Theda Bara's leading
man in "Salome," "The Hunchback
of Notre Dame," "Under Two Flags"
and others. He has alternated his
appearances in the films with en
gagements In the theaters and has
Just completed an engagement at
the Alcazar in San Francisco.
Mr. Hayes is motoring along the
coast and Into Canada on a fishing
trip in company with a California
friend, A. Scott, and plans to return
to his home in Hollywood in about
ait month. There are a Mrs. Herbert
Hayes and two young sons at the
Hollywood home.
Edwin D. Reynolds, brother ojT
Marilyn Miller, who married Jack
Pickford, is being sued for divorce
on the grounds of desertion. Mrs.
Lola' Reynolds asserts he deserted
her and her small daughter in
December, 1919.
Dorothy Clark, the 16-year-old
dancer who Is suing Herbert Haw
linson, of the pictures, for $200,000
for alleged assault, Is now seeking
annulment of 'marriage to Karl L.
Elms, who married her to shield
her,-' .
- -'
Fanny Ward is lying seriously ill
at her London home. She fell at
Pourville-sur-Mer, near Dieppe, and
sustained a broken arm and other
grave injuries. She insisted on re
turning to England at once, aggra
vating the trouble, according to h'er
physicians.
'
Robert Edeson is engaged to play
the lead in "The Warning," a new
play. -4.
. -
Walter de Leon, well known In
Portland by reason of his appear
ances here in vaudevii.e, and also as
an author of short stories, has a
new play to be produced by A. H.
Woods this fall. It is called "Lonely
Wives." The piece will go on, at the
Kltinge theateT in New York this
week.
. Flo Ziegfeld has announced to the
press in New York that he intends
to begin" proceedings for criminal
libel against a cable company on
the allegation there was a leakage
of news of a cablegram sent to his
wife.
Ziegfeld says that Miss Burke is
positive the message could not have
gotten into the hands- of reporters
after being received by her. The
cablegram in question, as printed
in the dailies, began: ."Billie dar
ling, I am nearly insane," and also
la. supposed to have contained the
declaration: "I swear to God there
Is nothing you can take excep
tion to."
Sam Kingston, general manager
for Ziegfeld, said the general idea
that Ziegfeld was opposed to his
star's marrying was nonsense. Ac
cording to Kingston, the Ziegfeld
attractions are Teally matrimonial
agencies.
Ziegfeld announces that he is
going to star his beautiful wife in
a Nnew comedy next season. Other
announcements he makes include
Fannie Brlce in a new comedy;
Mary Eaton in a new musical play
by . Jerome Kern -and Guy Bolton,
with lyrics "by Clifford Grey; a new
musical comedy in November by
Gene Buck and Ring Lardner, and
in January he will produce a winter
revue by the authors of the "Fol
lies." Ernest Ball, the song writer, who
delights Orpheum audiences with his
own songs, has formed a partner
ship with George MacFarland. The
new team is to play the circuit this
season. MacFarland has been do
ing a singing turn assisted by a
pianist, while Ball has been work
ing with his wife, Maude Lambert
A special company Is being cast in
New York to play Shakespeare ' In
Japan, the players being due to leave
for Nippon In November, It will be
the first time for a Shakespearean
season in the orient, previous pres
entations being occasional and by
repertoire companies.
The special organization is the
result of a guarantee of at least ten
weeks by a syndicate of Japanese
theater managers.
The time will be played in th
four principal cities of Japan.
Heretofore SO days was consid
ered the limit for any foreign the
atrical attraction, though It is the
rule to play only in Tokio. .'
Shakespeare is regularly read by
Japanese students as a part of the
lansrua.ee course. A Japanese well
known in New York theatrical cir
cles said he first saw "Hamlet pre
sented a little over 20 years ago in
Japan. It was played by students
and some native actors. The man
ner of staging was made a matter
of logic at the time, Hamlet enter
ing riding a bicycle and wearing a
silk hat. That, the students ar
gued, was right, because being a
prince Hamlet should have the most
expensive form "of locomotion, and
being high bred he should wear the
topper.
TREASURES MINE.
softly tuck them in at night,
These treasures I call mine
Cne has a head of tawny gold
And eyes like the star that shine.
The other's eyes, all laughter filled.
And his hair s like a raven s wing
And when I tuck them in at night
I can hear the angels sing.
And low, I breathe a mother's
prayer .
To keep them safe from "sin" "
When that long night has come at
last
HtU safely "tuck them In."
ZELMA J. WILSON.
Union, Or - :
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Kolka at the Hotels.
L. E.
Edwards, of Miami, Fla., a
retired "hotel man, who with his
wife is making an automobile tour
around the United States, arrived in
this city yesterday and is at the
Imperial hotel. Mr. Edwards has
done some extensive traveling in
the past several weeks and has
driven over some of the best high
ways in a large number of the
states of the union and therefore
considers himself well informed on
the subject of tourist travel. He de
clared on .reaching Portland that
nowhere on his travels had he seen
so many automobile tourists on the
road as he has seen in Oregon and
he is firmly convinced that the ad
vertising campaign of the Pacific
Northwest Tourist association is
bringing results. Mr. Edwards ad
mits himsel'f to be a firm believer
in community advertising for tour
ists and says he could not well be
otherwise when in Miami he has the
thriving example of what advertis
ing can do to bring swarms of tour
ists to a place that is blessed with
a few natural advantages. The town
of Miami is known throughout the
world as the place where it is "June
all year round." It is the object of
the town to make it even better
known, and for that one purpose it
spends $10,000 each year to main
tain an electric sign at Fifth avenue
and Forty-second street in New
York city. The sign reads: "June all
year round in Miami." Mr. and Mrs.
Edwards were especially pleased
with southern Oregon and Crater
lake. "The people here are off on
the right foot in the matter of ad
vertising," he .said, "and what they
need is to keep right at it. There
are thousands Of tourists who are
only waiting to be told where to go,
and Oregon has some wonders to
offer, especially in the way of beau
tiful scenery." -
R. C. Emery of New York city, a
student of admiralty law, was in
Portland yesterday at the Mult-
noinah, the purpose of his visit being
to acquaint himself with the ship
ping facilities of the port of Port
land. From, the Pacific states Mr.
Emery will go to the orient, to be
away for several months pursuing
his studies. . He is a graduate of
Columbia -university, in New York
city, and is .making his extensive
tour preparatory to taking up his
work in admiralty law. During his
travels he is making sharp observa
tions of conditions over the country.
The east is not Suffering nearly the
inconvenience to which the middle
weBt is subjected by the coal strike,
he said, and easterners do not seem
to be the least ill at ease as to
where their winter fuel supply is
coming from. The mines of West
Virginia are being largely depended
upon by easterners, who also get
much of their eoal from England.
Mr. Emery was .pleased with the
forests of Oregon and Washington.
He said he eould understand now
how pilings," which cost $75 apiece
in the east, can be bought for far
less in the west.
John A. Westerlund, ex-member
of the legislature from Medford and
an orchardist and , hotel man, was
in Portland yesterday to meet his
former classmate. Dr. Julius Lincoln
of Los Angeles, at the Imperial ho
tel. The two- men were graduated
from Bethany college, Bethany,
Kan., 31 years ago. The meeting
yesterday was a reunion of .50 pe
cent of the class, as the graduate
of that remote year numbered only
four. Both Mr. Westerlund and Mr.
Lincoln are willing to admit,- how
ever, that owing to their size they
probably represent 85 per cent o
the total weight of the class. Dr.
Lincoln is a Lutheran minister of
Los Angeles and will be in Portland
several days. His mission in the
city is in connection with the estab
llshment of a Swedish tuberculosis
hospital
. A trip back to the town where he
was born is bringing pleasure to
John Miller, native son of Jackson
vllle, r., and a prosperous drug
gist of Burlingame, Cal. He is ac
companied by Edward Murphey, city
clerk of Burlingame,-and is making
the tour through Oregon by auto
mobile. The two visitors are regis
tered at the Imperial. They left
yesterday afternoon for Crater lake
by way of .The Dalles and Bend,
They will go into the Rogue River
valley and will -visit the scenes of
Mr. Miller's childhood at Jackson
ville.
The recent rains brought joy to
the heart of the tourist, declares Dr.
M. Y. Lucas of Boise, Idaho, who is
returning from a trip through Cali
fornia and- is registered at the
Multnomah hotel. The trip down to
California was made with consider
able discomfort, due to hot weather
and dust, but automobile - tourists
are now rejoicing over dustless
roads, .cool weather and an atmos
phere almost entirely cleared of
smoke, he saM. Forest fires have
been completely extinguished in
some parts, and it is a glad day for
Oregon and California scenery.
which depends so much on a clear
view of the mountains.
Carl Frederick Caesar, former
student of Lincoln high school . of
Portland and in 1916 captain of the
basketball and baseball teams of
that school, Is daily expected in
Portland and will be registered at
the Multnomah hotel, where he has
reservations. . Mr. Caesar was grad
uated this spring from Wisconsin
university and was an honor student
there. He expects to reside perma
nently in Portland.
Harley-J. Slusher, new sheriff of
Clatsop county. Is a visitor in Port
land and. is being entertained at the
Oregon hotel. Mr. Slusher was elect
ed for the county office oh the re
call 'of Sheriff Olson at a special
election.- His visit in Portland Is
thought to be In connection with se
curing his bond for the office.
H. H. Hunt and A. E. Dibble, busi
ness men, of Spokane, arrived yes
terday in Portland and are at the
Multnomah. The men are associated
with the Grant-Smith company, a
large, construction concern of that
place.
Governor Olcott is a Portland vis
itor and Is registered at the Port
land hotel. Mr. Olcott came to the
city to meet Vice-President Coolidge
and attend the Various functions
given in the vice-president's honor.
Walter Tooif's Hard Job,
Polk County Observer.
Chairman Toose is trying to build
a republican machine around the di
rect primary. We wish him well,
but do not believe such an accom
plishment is possible. The direct
primary sounded the death knell to
responsible party government and
brought in government by individ
uals. Unfler individuals you have
seen taxes grow and .increase until
many are unable to make payment.
No matter what party was In power
under the old system there would
have been no such increase. Being
in the newspaper business we
should? from a financial standpoint
favor the direct primary and- the
initiative and the referendum. They
all mean advertising. But In spite
of It all w tender Walter Jr. our
sincere, well wishes. '
1-ARMEHS AND RESERVE BANKS
! Vo Orders to Refuse Loans, But De
nation Caused by Falllnr Price.
CORBETT, Or., Aug. 12. (To the
Editor.) I take your paper because
there Is less sensationalism in it.
And j j,ave considered Its news items
nsore reliable than other local daily
papers. But it certainly is disgust-
ing to reaa your eaiiorisi in ma
i.in of A u crust 8 entitled "A Dis
credited Witness." You are continu
ally harping on this subject. It
must be because you know the
keystone of your position to be true
as to the charge, but raise as to mo
Question.
Did anybody issue an order to re
quire banks to refuse to rediscount
agricultural paper? I say "yes,", or
your news Items of the early part
cf 1920 were false. Dtn u-overnor
Harding of the federal reserve bank
issue the order as charged? No! Bo
far you are right. But it looks to
me as though you continually harp
on this to hide the truth. Who did
issue the order? Secretary of the
j Treasury Houston, or else your news
items are false. The Oregonian was
full of it at the time. A discussion
.trose as to the Interpretation of the
order and I believe It was settled
that farmers were to have money
for production purposes, but were
not to be allowed to have money to
nold crops. Neither were dealers to
be permitted to have money to hold
grain and the screws were put to
banks carrying customers that had
bought bonds on the installment
plan, which caused Senator Gore to
complain in the senate that jsmall
banks were being ruined by it.
This deflation business wag the
last card played by the Wilson ad
ministration in Its endeavor to re
duce the-cost of living to the city
people (whom he had always fav
ored at the expense of the farmer).
It succeeded, as everyone well
knew it would, broke the farmer,
which ruined the market for city
products, which resulted In closed
factories and unemployment. Presi
dent Harding began'to try to repair
the damage by hiving a temporary
tariff placed on farm products, to
check the flood turned loose by the
close of war and extending loans- to
farmers. Result: Business fast be
ginning to move upward, . employ
ment for all, which is threatened by
ex-President' Wilson's pets, the rail
road men, by strikes. I do not sup
Dose this was in The Oregonian of
July 20, 1920, was it?
In their efforts to reduce the high
cost of living, the federal reserve
banks decided some time ago that
no more credit should be extended
on securities which did not mature
rapidly. I have the clipping that
contains this.
Did Secretary Houston issue the
order to deny credits or not, as
stated In your news item?
SYLVESTER E. EVANS.
Secretary Houston-did not issue
Bn "order'i for deflation, for the
reason that he had no authority to
issue it; nor did the federal reserve
board, for the same reason. Mr.
Houston expressed opinions to the
effect that the correspondent de
scribes, so did Governor Harding,
hut the directors of each federal re
serve bank decide these matters in
fixing the rate of rediscount from
lime to time. General questions of
that kind are considered at confer
ences of the governors of the 12
banks and the federal reserve board,
but the latter only consults and ad
vises, it does not " order."
Discount rates were raised in
order to check' speculation early in
1920, thereby to reduce the volume
of currency and reduce prices, bu
in fact the process was reversed,
that is, a fall in prices caused de-
tlation. This fall began with the
panic In Japan In March, 1920, which
gradually extended around the
world. As prices fell, the amoun
which banks could loan on paper
representing commodities fell. About
the same time government control
of wheat ended, wheat prices fell
rapidly and the loan value of wheat
shrank. The same thing happened
vrith other farm products, but mem
bers of the federal reserve system
Made loans to farmers to the exten
of the loan value of their crops. The
trouble was that this value had so
diminished that the farmers' bor
owlng power was in many cases
-xhausted by their existing loans.
Notes of those who had security
v. ere in many cases renewed and re
discounted by federal reserve banks,
The worst distress occurred in the
rase of those who dealt with state
banks, that were not members of
the federal reserve system and
therefore could not Increase their
loans, as they could not rediscount.
The Oregoniai has expressed the
opinion thsit banks should be per
mitted to make loans on crops for
as much as 12 months and -on live
stock for two or three years. In
crder to cover the period of produc
tion and marketing, though loans
for the maximum -periods would
rarely be necessary. That and the
accession of state banks to the fed
eral reserve system should meet
(he needs of farmers for financing
production, while the federal land
banks meet their needs for long
term mortgage loans.
Date of BlshoB Berkeley's Phrase,
.WALLA WALLA, Wash., Aug. 14.
(To the Editor.) Publication of
the editorial entitled Carver and
Rogers" in The Oregonian of Au
gust 13 affords opportunity to dl
rect attention to a palpable error
In the text of the historical contri
bution upon which the editorial
was based. The item is of minor
importance but adds zest to the
discussion.
Reference was made to the well-
known phrase. "Westward the
course of empire takes Its way,'
which was assigned to Bishop Ber
keley in the year 1823. Now it
happens that George Berkeley, the
Irish (not English) Bishop of
Cloyne and a man of literary abil
ity and repute, was born in 1685
and died in 1753, and he made use
of this phrase about one hundred
years prior to the data used by me
and adopted by your editor.
The error was detected too lata
for correction and arose from the
printed date in what was assumed
to be an accurate authority, name
ly, the International Encyclopedia
of Prose and Poetical Quotations
edited by William S. Walsh (copy
right 19.08, John C. Winston com
pany, Philadelphia). Probably it
came through proofreading in said
book (page 35).
Whether Jonathan Carver, when
writing the preface to his 'Travels,"
just prior- to 1778, had before him
the pamphlet in which this tine of
George Berkeley's appears we do
not know, but he did borrow from
other writers many Ideas and1 facts.
T. C. ELLIOTT.
Still a Little M ild.
Birmingham Age-Herald.
'Who is the stranger in town?"
Mr. Grumpson asked.
"He's a reformed soap-box orator."
' "What's he doing now!"
"Advocating blue laws."
"Umph! He hasn't changed, much,"
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Hostagnt.
THE PRICE OF NEUTRALITY.
We've taken no position
About the railroad strike.
Both sides have our permission
To act the way they like.
We're not a party to it
We've always understood
Our duty was to view it
As rank outsiders should.
And- yet we're rather nettled.
Though neutrally we it,
To know that when .It's settled,
We'll have to pay for it.
The coal strike wasn't started
By any word from us.
We're far too tender hearted
To mix in such a fus.
Could it have been prevented
We 'might have raised a ehout;
But we will be contented
However it turns out.
Yet, when they end- the treuble,
And still their mutual bluff.
Our coal will cost us double.
Which seems a little tough.
Poor Belgium small attention
Directed to the war, ,
Before that vast dissension
Destroyed,' her peaceful shore.
She thought a neutral nation
Was sure to get along.
But to her perturbation
Discovered she was wrong.
The boche set out to hand r
The hardest wallop struck;
The Innocent bystander
Is always out of luck.
Sure Relief.
When the desert of Sahara gets
tired of being dry, all she neds to
do is to pass a prohibition law.
Business Opportunity.
When the $125 automobile is on
the market, there will be a fine
chance for bright young men to
pick up money for taking last year's
models off the owners' hands.
.
Not Ho Alarming.
Anyone who saw h,ow war devas
tated France and Belgium will not
be worried if peace devastates Ger
many a bit.
(Copyright, 1022. by Bell Syndicate. Ino.)
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright, Houghton-Mlfflln Co.
Can You Answer These Questions f
1. Is 'the scarlet tanager bright
colored in winter?
2. How do peanuts grow?
3. Please tell me the name of the
green lisard Reen in South Carolina
that has something under his throat
that he sticks out, and people call
It his colors. Is he poison If ha
bites?
Answers in tomorrow's Nature
notes.
AnMvrers to Previous Questions.
1. Do all frogs croak?
The males do. The loud calls
heard In spring when the frog,
chorus is in full blast are the calls
of males to the'r mates, uttered by
adults. In the later season the
calls are heard spasmodically, some
what as birds utter their notes
through the warm season, but
regularly sing or give constant
calls at the breeding season.
2. What is the color of natural
lynx fur?
In the wild state the lynx's coat
Is lfght grayish-tan or dingy color.
the hairs showing rather reddish
close to the hide. Along the back,
running Into the head, the fur is
darker and the tall has an all-black
tip. Under parts very 'light, prac
tically white. Occasionally furs are
made up in this natural color, but
most lynx as worn is dyed glossy
black, imitating somewhat the rare
natural black fox.
3. Are albino birds healthy?
We don't know that they are
positively unhealthy, but albinism
is usually considered a symptom of
degeneration somewhere. Albino
birds are short-lived as a general
thing, ' because their coat maks
them literally an easy mark for
birds of prey or other foes.
In Other Days.
Fifty Years Ago,
From Ths Oregonian of Autrust IT, 187-.
Salem is going ahead with the
project of building a bridge across
the Willamette river. The company
has filed articles of incorporation
with a capital stock of $100,000 and
Rufus Mallory, W. W. Piper and
W. F. Boothby as incorporators.
Professor Arnold of Kentucky,
who has accepted the presidency of
Corvallis college, arrived at that
place on Monday.
New York. A Washington dis
patch says that claims aggregating
$117,500,000 have been filed before
the mixed American and British
commission from British sources
for damages sustained by the seiz
ure and confiscation of bfockada
runners and cargoes by the Ameri
can government.
Twenty-five Years A (to.
From The Oresonlan of Aurust 17, 1897
Arrangements nave Deen maae to
afford additional fire protection to
Upper Albina north of Morris street
by the placing of some 18 new fire
hydrants in that district and also In
lrvington.
Pittsburg. Today was fraught
with exciting incidents pertaining
to the miners strike. Mutiny in
the miners' camp, filing of criminal
and civil suits against the DeArm
itts and the hearing of the Injunc
tion case against President Dolan
and others, kept both sides of th
struggle busy all day long.
Odympia. For the ast three days
the thermometer has ranged as high
as 95 degrees in this city. Great
forest fires are raging In this vi
cinity and much damage will be
done if there is no rain soon.
Klotlee on Vnratlna House.
PORTLAND, Aug. 14. (To the Ed
itor.) -Kindly inform us through
your columns If there is a law here
n Oregon to the errect tnat a tenant
must give the landlord 20 days' no-
ice before vacating a house, uur
landlord told us that if we moved
without giving 20 days' notice he
could compel us to pay rent on the
vacated house until a new tenant Is
secured. MRS. E. B.
Section 2538 of Oregon laws. S3
amended by. the legislature of 1921,
provides that a month-to-month ten
ancy "may only be terminated by
either the landlord or tenant giving
the other notice for a period of 20
days prior to the expiration of any
such month."
Buyolofciral.
Life. .
"What do be this sex they're al
ways talkln about In pa-s-pers,
Mrs. Clancy?"
"I dunno. Miss McFee. but It must
bs expinsive, or they wouldn't talk
about, it,"