THE MORNING OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, JULY 4, 1922
l
I
ESTABUSHED UV HEJiKY L. WTTOC'K J
Published by The Oregonian Pub. Co.,
135 hixtn street, rortiana, ureson.
C A. MOBDEN, B. B. PIPER.
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NEW LIGHT ON THE MERGER PROB
LEM. Authoritative announcement that
the flret etep of th Southern Pa
cific railroad, if the merger of the
Central Pacific with It should be
sanctioned toy the interstate com
merce commission, would be com
pletion of the Natron cut-off to
Klamath Fulls and thence to con
nection with the main line of the
Central Pacific, Is welcome assur
ance to the people of Oregon. It
confirms the opinion that the ten
year suspension o construction was
due not to any slackening of Inter
est In the development of Oregon
but to doubt as to the future which
arose from the suit to dissolve the
merger. The supreme court de
cision and the action to be taken by
the Interstate commerce commis
sion under the transportation act
will soon remove that doubt and, if
the outcome should be to make the
merger lawful, we now know that
the fortunes of the Southern Pa
cific would be linked more closely
with those of Oregon.
The strongest motives of self
interest exist for the proposed ex
tension, aside from the fact that an
investment of $11,500,000 will re
main idle until further investment
necessary to completion has been
made. The new line would estab
lish a new through route between
Oregon and California far superior
to the present route over the Sis
kiyou mountains. It would be a
valuable feeder to the Central Pa
cific main line, tapping a rich tim
bered, stock and farming country
which irrigation will make steadily
more productive. It would give the
Central Pacific' access by its own
tracks to a supply of both fir and
pine timber for its own use. It
would be the first of a series of
branches drawing the traffic of
Lake, Malheur and Harney coun
ties either to the Central Pacific in
Nevada or to the Southern Pacific
in Oregon. ,
These activities of its nearest
parallel competitor on the south
would, in the natural course of
competition, impel the Union Pa
cific to branch out in the same ter
ritory. That road hag always -regarded
eastern Oregon as its own
field, to be developed, at its leisure.,
and it has on several occasions been
seized with bursts of energy when
its competitors have invaded that
field or when independent pro-1
moters nave built lines connecting
with It. In defense of its own ter
ritory, the Union Pacific would be
driven to extend the line across the
middle of the state from Crane to
Bend, thus fencing in the northeast
quarter , of the state, then to con
tinue the Deschutes line from Bend
into the Klamath country and to
extend other branches from that
line southward into the area which
would then have become competi-,
five between it and the Central Pa
cific. Though the Union would get
the haul east of Ogden for all traf
fic which the Central drew from
that area, it would seek the entire
haul for Its central Oregon and
main lines rather than share the
haul with the Central. Thus the
general result would be. that Ore
gon would gain not only a new
line to California, but a more ac
tively competing transcontinental
line and a complete transportation
system in eastern Oregon through
. the rivalrjTof two great systems.
As Oregon has the undeveloped
field for which these two systems
are competitors, it finds . both of
them courting its favor in their
contest for and against severance of
the Central Pacific from the South
ern Pacific system. Each needs all
possible public support, for in the
end the decision will be given to
that one which seems most likely
to serve the great states which the
rival systems traverse and in which
they should expand, and the judg
ment of the people of those states
will weigh heavily with those in au
thority.
The supreme court has pro
nounced the existing merger of the
Central with the Southern Pacific
unlawful, as a combination of two
competing systems. The transpor
tation act directs the interstate
commerce commission to adopt a
plan for consolidation of railroads
into competing systems. Possibly
the commission may feel warranted
in disregarding the court's decision
by adhering to its tentative plan, by
wnicn tne southern pacific was to
retain the Central, but that is
hardly probable unless a practically
united public opinion in the vast
territory concerned Should raise
broad public expediency above re
gard for judicial definiQoTi of com
petition. Though the" judgment of
the commission may be that it is
bound by the court's decision, it
might report findings that the pub
lic interest would be better served
by leaving the merger undisturbed
but that the law, as defined by the
highest court, forbidsjt to act upon
its judgment. If the opinion of the
communities should coincide with
that conclusion, a good case would
have been made for an appeal to
congress for legislation to that ef
feet. Hence the considered and
v clearly expressed wish of the Pa
cific coast peple is likely in the
end to prevail
In deciding which way to throw
their influence the people of Ore
gon will be guided by consideration
fdf the" state's interest. Knowing
that self-interest guides the policy,
of the railroads, thev will aooraise
the proralses of the railroads by the
standard of the .interests of those
who make them. They will find
that their own interest coincides
more closely with that of oneail
road than that of the other, and
then will exert themselves to the
utmost in favor of their common
cause. The question is fraught with
such momentous consequences to
the whole state that -local and sec
tional consideration? should be excluded-
' -
WHAT DEFEATED THEM?
Mr. Hearst thinks, or professes to
think, that it was the senators' vote
on the four-power pact that de
feated McCumber in North Dakota,
He warns Senator Poindexter,
through his Seattle ..Poet-Intelligencer,
to beware, for the "voice of
America" is being heard. Says
Hearst:
Beverldge in Indiana. Pinchot In Penn
sylvania, Brookhart in Iowa these een.
atorial candidates opposing Incumbents
who voted for the four-pawer pact have
all been indorsed by the people in the
primaries. The victory of Frazier and
the rebuke to McCumber confirm the pop
ular sentiment in widely-separated por
tions of the country.
What an extraordinary jumble of
falsehood and ignorance.
GIfford Pinchot is the republican
candidate for governor of Pennsyl
vania, and Senator Pepper, who
voted for the four-power pact, was
renominated by a very large vote.
Senator Rawson of Iowa, who suc
ceeded Senator Kenyon by appoint,
ment, was not a candidate for nom
ination, and the treaties wer in no"
sense an issue. If Senator Bever
idge ever declared against any on
of the treaties, including the four
power pact. The Oregonian would
like to know the time and place.
On the contrary, he has in explicit
terms endorsed the Harding admin
istration, i
But if the four-power pact has
defeated anybody who voted for It
which it It as not how About
Hale of Maine and Kellogg of Min
nesota, both renominated by large
majorities?
If Mr. Poindexter is defeated In
Washington, it will not be by his
record on the treaties. ' We can
think of nothing more likely to help
him toward a renomination than
misrepresentation of him and of
the - treaties by the Post-Intelligencer.
- '
Is it forgotten at Seattle that the
republican convention at .Chehalis
endorsed President Harding and
the Washington congressional dele
gation for support of his' adminis
tration, and particularly com
mended the president for making
alliances to preserve the world
peace?
Who speaks for the republican
party? Its authorized represent
atives or Mr. Hearst, candidate for
the democratic nomination for gov
ernor of New Tork?
A LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE.
Another Sunday has come and
gone, with the usual aftermath of
Monday morning news. "With
some friends," says the account of
a drowning, "he tried to swim
across the river after a picnic din
ner on the bank." The victim not
only paid the penalty for himself
but came near to carrying down
with him a volunteer hero who
plunged valiantly to . the rescue.
Only by the hazard of good fortune
was a double tragedy prevented.
The incident illustrates the ex
treme difficulty with which the
commonest rules of safety are dis
seminated. Probably there are few
schools in which it is not taught to,
children that it is unwise, if not
positively dangerous, .to attempt
violent exercise or to plunge into
cold water immediately after eat-
ing. It is one bit of general infor
mation which we are entitled t-be-Iieve
that practically everybody
possesses. Yet the weekly toll of
river and ocean in various locali
ties shows that a great many per
sons have the lesson yet to learn.
The victims are as commonly
adults as youths. The fact, indeed.
that there seems to be a slightly de
creasing proportion pf youngsters
is our only guarantee that this par
ticular form of waste of -human
life will be diminished. Knowledge
of the simple laws of health, which
includes the rules of personal safety
applicable to cases like the one
cited, will eventually be regarded
as being as necessary to education
as the three R's themselves.
THE TRADITIONS OF TODAY.
Other nations have received their laws
from conquerors; some are indebted for
a constitution to the sufferings of their
ancestors through revolving centuries:
tne people or this country alone have
formally and deliberately chosen a gov
ernment for themselves, and. with oDen.
uniniiuencea consent, bound themselves
into a social compact. Samuel Adams.
How well the people of America
have comported themselves, in coj.
f ormance with such a beginning, is
attested by the strong love of lib- ' which Mr. Drinkwater has ad
ertythat endures today, and that I dressed himself that of creating
rrtrmie-Viniif ilia t,iat,.,, tA .A.,MAV,tnt . f m naWh a... ...war.
throughout the history of the na
tion has manifested itself In cham
pionship of the causes- of weaker
nations and in the name of .free
dom. In his address from which
the quotation is taken, delivered
some weeks after the declaration of
independence, Samuel Adams be
spoke the endurance of ideals, and
expressed as the "dearest wish" of
his soul" the hope (hat "these
American states may never cease
to be free and independent." He
rests content. ;
It is well that each succeeding
Fourth of July has found Ameri
cans in the mood to ponder their
dearly won privileges, and to re
flect upon the high duty of patriot
ism. Both the present and history,
and the opinion of the world, give
proof that their democracy is splen
did and efficient and equal to any
test. The experiment of 1776 has
evolved a nation whose word in
counsel is sought, and whose weight
in war is determinative a nation
of wide-spread boundaries, of un
equalled opportunity, which dwarfs
those courageous colonies that were
its nucleus. The theory that men
and nations thrive upon the laws of
liberty has become fact. It has
leavened the thought and govern
ment of all nations.
. There are signs hat the old
Fourth is passing celebration by
noise and flag waving. Rather dear
to memory it is and not unmourned.
Yet to forego tumult does not sig
nify that the American people are
less American than they were a
decade ago, or'that the natal day of
the nation has less appeal, less sig
nificance. The cynic need look no
further than the record of the
world war to be dissuaded of his
cynicism. There is alive today the
same motive, the same Inspiration,
the identical love of country, that
moved Samuel Adams to declare
his "gratitude to heaven -for past
success, and confidence of it In the
future." Patriotism in America is
imperishable. We need not be
chauvinistic to prove, our love of
country. 'Most of us are ready to
demonstrate it in another way.
However, as no reference to the
Fourth would be complete without
at least an historical instance of our
prowess in war, and more specifi
cally the revolutionary war, it is
permissible to quote a western poet,
Bret Harte, who once wrote some
verses about Parson Caldwell "for
he loved the Lord God and he hated
King George!" The Hessians
pressed them close, until it seemed
the day was lost. Of powder and
pluckthere was plenty, but of wad
ding not a scrap. And there it was
that the parson entered the page of
history. ..
Why, Just what he did
They were left
in the lurch
EAr the want of more wadding.
They
ran to tne cnurcn.
Broke the door, stripped the pews, and
dashed out in the road
With his arms full of hymn-books, and
threw down his load
At their feet! Then above all the shout
ing and shots
Rang his voice "Put Watts into 'em!
Boys, give 'em Watts!"
v FROM OUT OF THE. PAST.
The old-timer who gazed on tfce
familiar faces of the' old Multorpor
club -some eighty in number re
produced in The Oregonian last
Sunday, must have been stirred by
various emotions. Twenty - eight
years have passed . since the club
was in the first bloom of its health
and prosperity; yet about one-half
of its active members are dead, and
a considerable fraction of the re
mainder has sought other fields pf
usefulness. One-fourth of them,
perhaps, are yet pursuing their va
rious employments in Portland.
Some of them are still in the public
eye; but it is too true that they owe
their present prominence to other
things than identification with a
virile and influential-political club.
It was not indeed in 1894 the
club that made them what and who
they were; but it was the individual
Importance of the members that
gave to the organization its great
prestige. There were United States
senators Dolph, Mitchell, McBride,
Simon actually, or in the mak
ing; there were state , officials,
county officials, - mayors, bankers,
lawyers, doctors, journalists, busi
ness and professional men, repre
sentatives of every respectable call
ing who considered it proper and
necessary to belong to a political
clilb and. who sought through it to
perform a usefijl service to their
party and their country.
It is a 'striking and interesting
fact that almost every one of these
men had an importance all his own;
their names were familiar to the
entire community; it is not difficult
for one wJio knew the Portland of
that day to identify most of them
now, without recourse to the index,
even though in almost every in
stance their features were covered
with beards or mustaches, now gen
erally proscribed. Good - looking
men they were, too. We wonder If
any group of eighty men now in
Portland, assembled in any cause,
and photographed together, could
make so impressive a showing
thirty years hence? ,
The Multorporists were not poli
ticians, with a few exceptions. They
were good citizens, to whom politics
was a duty and an avocation. They
were proud of the organization and
supported it for many years. But
times change, and nren with them.
A Multorpor club would be impos
sible, today. The public welfare is
the worse for it.
PRESENTING LINCOLN TO AMERI
CANS. The profound interest which
every American feels in Abraham
Lincoln may account, curiously
though it seems, for the circum
stance that it has been left to the
Englishman, John Drinkwater, to
present a stage interpretation of
the great emancipator to the, lat-
ter's own countrymen. The Ameri
can attempting it is handicapped
from the beginning with the very
wealth of material at his command;
we have not reached the point in
the study of Lincoln where details
have adjusted themselves with, re
spect to relative values; research in
the field of Lincolniana still occu
pies itself"" rather largely with the
collection of new minutiae, and
broader appraisal and Interpreta
tion wait. Perspective is wanting
because of the very closeness of the
r attention which this most absorb-
Ung of all historical topics invites.
It is, too, a subject upon which
Americans have been and are
keenly sensitive. Resentment at the
thought of tampering with a holy
Ideal, a sacred tradition, may have
restrained more than one other
wise competent playwright's hand,
It Is a task of extreme delicacy to
the reverential atmosphere essen
tial to our reception of the per- j
sonification of Lincoln as some
thing else than the mere mummery
of the stage.
That the Drinkwater play has
succeeded in doing this is a remark-!
able triumph in its way. Perhaps
his success Is due to a certain ab
sence of self-consciousness growing
out of the original purpose of the
production. His thought was that
a British audience would appreciate
a broad outline of Lincoln with a
good many of the details of his life
omitted. But detail should not be
confounded with incident, for the
latter Is most necessary to the por
trayal of character and the artsof
the stage implies knowledge of
mechanism and craftsmanship. This
Mr. Drinkwater undouhtedlv nna-
sesses and has employed in hig'h de
gree. Writing, as has been said,
primarily for a British audience
and for that reason free from
the embarrassing self -consciousness
under which Americans have strug
gled, Mr. Drinkwater has found
hlmsel possessed of a true element
of strength. A play written to in
terpret a great American ;to the
people of' another nation has justi
fied itself to the people of this
country.
It does not, upon reflection, seem
strange that it should be so. ' The
playwright himself had occasion in
discussing the subject to comment
upon the by no means singular phe
nomenon that mass of detail has
the property of obscuring the pic
ture as a whole. It would be en
tirely conceivable, said Drinkwater
then, tha an American might be
better qualified than an English
man to write a true play of a rep
resentative Englishman. Gladstone
was the Englishman Drinkwater
chose for "the purpose of illustra
tion a figure sufficiently impres
sive to serve the purpose of a
simile, yet not, perhaps, awakening
the same sentiments. Yet the point
that the playwright made was clear
enough, that the citizen of the other'
country, if he were a painstaking
student and an open-minded and
an impressionable one, would be
wery likely to see in clear outline,
without the obscuring clouds of
more or less non-essential details
In other fields than the drama
the thing is not without precedent;
Lord Bryce's appreciation of the
spirit of the American, government
and the Interpretation of English
literature to the Englishrspeaking
peoples by the Frenchman Taine
are illustrative and. somewhat ob
vious facts, "though they do not of
fer a precise parallel. The strong
est possible indorsement for the
Drinkwater'play is that its author
has succeeded iji doing what no
American playwright has done he
has presented a Lincoln, albeit by
means of a vehicle that fs episodi
cal rather than dramatic in the
usual sense of the latter term, who
does hot offend the sense of the
proprieties in Americans who re
gard Lincoln as the embodiment of
the attributes which they hold
sacred in life. .
' Resistance to depictidn of the
martyred president upon the stage
is of a piece with the sentiment
which long prevailed in opposition
to the passion play and which still
resents the meddlesome invasion of
holy shrines. It -Is a matter of al
most infinite moment that the
thing has been doe at all; - it may
possess an even larger significance
in its instructive and inspiring
value to other playwrights. For,
saying that the Drinitwater produc
tion is acceptable to Americans is
not granting that the last word has
been spoken. We still hope that a
play, less exclusively episodical in
character and, if possible, even
more comprehensive in its interpre
tation of the central figure, may
yet be written and by an Ameri
can. OUR BUSINESS INTEREST IN EUROPE
Economic disturbance in Europe
affects the rest of the world out of
all proportion to Europe's area and
population, for reasons which are
given in Commerce Reports. In
the fiscal year 1913-14 that conti
nent took the following percentages
of the exports of other countries or
continents: United States 63, Can
ada 64.5, South America 73, Africa
90, Oceania 77, Middle America
(Mexico, Central America and the
West Indies) 25. Only Middle
America exported more to the Unit
edStates than to Europe.- In the
same year only 47.3 per cent of our
purchases abroad came from Eu
rope, and this proportion had been
steadily diminishing. It shrank to
14 per cent in 1918 and had reached
only 30.5 per cent in 1941.
Contrary to a prevailing impres
sion that our exports to Europe
consist mainly of food and raw ma
terials, that continent in 1913-14
took 44 .per cent of our exports of
manufactures and in addition much
of the commodities classed as food
stuffs had been manufactured,
which would raise the total to 60
per cent.
For the same reason that a mer
chant has a selfish interest in the
prosperity of his customers, the
United States is interested in that
of Europe. ' When Europe is left
by war in a state of economic semi
prostration, and by political quar
rels is led to waste money on large
armies, these evils react on the
United States by reducing purchases
from us. Aside fftom all consider
ations of idealism democracy or
humanity and looking at the mat
ter from a purely nercenary view
point, the affairs of EurrJpe are our
business. The true reason for our
policy of non-intervention is nqt
that we have no interest in settling
Europe'squarrels, but that there is
ajnonE our own TeoDl siir-h a rnn.
we cannot agree on a policy from a
strictly American viewpoint nor can
we even adopt an impartial atti
tude toward a quarrel between two
nations.
The only possible approach to
unanimity is on non-intervention. If
we had been able to agree on active
diplomatic intervention with re
gam to uerman reparations, or
Upper Silesia or Russia or Turkey,
there wouldshave been a far earlier
revival of commerce, and we should
have had far fewer unemployed
during the last year.
Even the most sedate laughed
when, in the old days,, watching the
fireworks, the bad boy let off big
crackers under or close to a fat per1
son. The joy formed the end of a
perfect day. f '
Somewhere there is a hard
hearted man who makes his boy
work all day" today in the field
When that boy is grown his boys
will have three days off every
fourth.
The man who sits in the shade of
a porch today, with " whatever
breeze is moving to blow on him, is
none the less patriotic; he's simply
growing old, that s all.
i
Wherever there is river or lake
grown people and children will
swim, in hot weather and there will
be drownings. This is according to
inexorable law.
Any semi-oldtlmer .can recall a
Fourth when "it was too cold to let
off fireworks," or words to that ef
fect. Now, perfect weather and m
fireworks.
Time was when a torrid Fourth
led to. consumption of what it is
not necessary to state if the mem
ory lingers.
Just a word of caution to the
male picnicker. Do not sit in the
custard pie. It spoils the flavor.
Sightseeing buses start early and
come back late. It is the way to
see J'ortland and its environs.
Here's luck to Baker today,, and
may she spike the Old Oregon Trail
to the map.
"Why don't Portland celebrate
the Fourth?" That's easy. Dan Mc-
Allen is dead.
Consider the other driver today,
His right -to the road is identical.
Deaths from moonshine today
will outnumber the customary cas
ualties, . ., W;.... ; '. ..
-
The Listening Post.
By DeWItt Harry.
HE was from the east and said
she was bound for Walla-wa.
Her fellow passenger, an Oregonian,
thought she must mean Walla Walla.
However, she insisted that she was
to change at La Grande and he
knew it must be at Pendleton.- So
she went back and brought forth
her map and showed him where she
was going. It was Wallowa,
Just a western pronunciation puz
zle. It is about the- same in every
case, though the easterner seems to
ha-ve more difficulty In mastering
the Indian names than the western
er does in getting away with the
local difficulties in the east. Few
newcomers to Portland btlieve their
ears when they hear the street-car
conductors call Yamhill street.
,On another transcontinental train
a tourist asked a resident of the
west when they would cross the
Yakima river, accenting the "ki."
Maps were produced once more and
lo, ha meant the Yakima. Many a
newcomer to California calls the
San Joaquin valley the San Jo
whaken. "
On Puget sound a few years ago
a converted Russian gunboat, almost
an extinct species of sldewheeler,
was being used for a towboat. Pas
sengers on a sound ferry lined the
rail and inspected the queer craft
through binoculars. Finally one of
them Said he had caught the nam
"Yo Smit." It was the Yosemite.
California, with its many Spanish
names, multiplies the difficulties.
And the common Christian name for
the Mexican is "Jesus." How many
northerners know it is pronounced
Hasuus?
i .
One of the most unique reading
circles in the city is in a depart
ment store, where a miscellaneous
display of children's books is tea
itured. On a long table in one of the
aisles are a number of soiled or
marred volumes, books of cartoons.
comic pictures, animal books, almost
all of the lot being plentifully illus
trated with striking pictures so deal
to the hearts of children.
It's mighty , hard for a youngster
to pass them by and if a child once
yields to the spell and opens one of
them, it's all off. Some of the kids
come back day after day and pore
over the display. They never buy
any, do not intend to, for thay likely
have not the money, but they read
them. One youngster about 10 years
of age repeated his visits for several
days until he had finished reading
the volume that appealed to him.
There : is nothing odd in finding
several pairs of feet protruding
from under the big table where the
children sit out of the way, capti
vated by the books. And often when
it comes closing time it Is necessary
to i herd from one to half a dozen
youngsters out of the store and send
them home.
m
The golfer was a big man and
held a big position with a local
bank. He made a smashing drive
his ball rolled far down the course
near where two boys, possibly cad
dies, were poking about in the
brush. As he approached he could
not see his ball though the. boys
were close by. Adopting the ide
that one of the little fellows might
have picked the balj up he let out a
bellow of rage and started for them,
brandishing a club.
The boys fled, one one way the
other another. - He caught the
smaller of the two, shook'' him,
roughly accused the tyke of taking
his ball and demanded it. .' In vain
did the boy protest that ha had not
taken it and a close search by the
billigerent golfer failed f disclose
any golf balls on the boy's person
In a final fit the irate sportsman
snatched the boy's cap and threw it
far out in the river and as It float
ed away, with a final shake, he left
the boy in tears watching his cap
disappear.
- And afterward the man told, in a
boastful way, how he had disciplined
the boyS.
Odd Names Gallery.
R. TiHery, soldier in the regular
army, is' located at Fort Lowgun,
111. - ' -
Lotta X, Pence owns a duck lake
on Sauvies island.
Ann T. Dote' was -arrested in Dead
Man's Gulch, Colo., recently for mak
ing moonshine. After a test of the
awful stuff the officers had to take
her.
M. T. Kagg lives at Bingen, Wash.
likewise M. T. Phelan.
Ai E. Mony is in the harness busi
ness in Tacoma. His sister, Anne
T. Mony, married a man named Bis
muth in Minneapolis, who is in th
refrigerator business. (Yuh hafta be
a chemist to appreciate this.)
s
Daughter had ben out for the
evening, presumably to a moving
picture show. 'Her mother heard
them come home rather early, but
daughter was nearly anhour on the
front porch before coming in. ' Th
next morning her mother took her
to task. ; .
"What took you so long on the
porch last night?" she asked.
"Why, Fred was giving me a golf
lesson." 1
. "Nonsense, you can't play golf
after dark."
"Oh, but you see, mother.-he was
showing me how to hold my hands
and my mouth so I could play prop
erly.'' .
Why do women marry? Surely,
most men will admit, it's not be
cause of the male's charms. At
recent dinner party one happy wife
volunteered the Information that
her interest was first aroused In her
husband because he could print so
well with a pen. Another time a
young bride said she was attracted
by her. husband when she heard him
cuss a political pest. Yet one other
better-half vowed she first noticed
her spouse as he called in the office
where she was employed because he
never wasted any time "was al
ways full of business."
It does not seem so much the abil
ity to etep the latest trot pattern,
nor the striking appearance, nor the
social graces, though they admitted
ly all help. Somehow it seems that
the real marriages, the ones that
last and in which the partners never
think of the divorce mill, result from
some substantial liking, an appre
ciatlve awakening of a realization
of real values,. .
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Folks nt the Hotels.
How many ranches hare a bath
tub or shower for the hired hands?
Very few, according to a group
of sheepmen and stockmen who
were discussing the subject in the
Imperial lobby yesterday. There
are some up-to-date ranches, how
ever, asserted a stockman, where
automatic pumps are installed
and I where there are - electric
light systems and high pressure
water systems. These are ranches
where the hands do not jump in the
jitney Saturday night and go to
town. One of the men in the lobby
sserted that In Sherman county-
there are only three bathtubs for
the help. "I had a bunch of Mexi
cans working for me last year," said
one stockman, "and every night
they took a sponge bath and wore
clean - nightgowns. That was un
usual. Chinese, too, are very clean."
have a shower on my ranch for
the men," explained another, "and
all last season only one man used it
and he was a jfoung chap who took
a bath a couple of times a week.
Sheep ranches may be a little short
on baths," defended a veteran wool
grower, "but the camps have every
thing that can be found in a gro
cery. The herders-are moving from
place to place and, of course, you
can't provide baths for them. They
can take one when they come to a
stream." While not mucn import
ance was attached to baths by sev
eral of the group, all agreed that
men have to be well fed to get work
out of them ana it was admitted
that baths increase efficiency.
No Bartlett pears will be shipped
from Medf orj this year, as they have
ail been placed under contract to
canneries, according to J. B. Cary
of Medford, at the Hotel Oregon.
The - canneries will receive what
would amount to about 500 cars.
Other pears, those destined for the
market, will approximate about 1000
cars and there will be between 300
and 600 cars of apples. The fruit
crop is reporter! by Mr. Cary as
from fair to good. When Mr. Cary
left home it was hotter than in
Portland, according to Medford
thermometers, but he 'nslsts that he
feels the heat more in Portland than
in the Rogue River valley, explain
ing that the heat around Medford is
drier.
Driving a nifty looking 'roadster.
Frank C. Hesse is at the Multnomah
from Astoria. Sunday he faced the
heat and drove to the Columbia
gorge hotel. Just as he got there
one tire blew out and after he had
adjusted the spare that also blew
up. It was too hot 103 in the
shade to lose one's temper, so the
Astorta attorney telephoned to a
garage at Hood River to come and
fix him up. About 76 per cenfof the
cars which Mr. Hesse passed or met
on the highway between Portland
and the gorge bore Washington li
censes and 'about 5 per cent carried
California licenses. While there was
heavy traffic on the highway, Ore
gon cars were comparatively scarce.
V. E. Fora of Marshfield arrived
at t'he Perkins yesterday from Coos
bay, where the breezes are cooling.
Saturday will be quite a day in
Marshfield. A group of officials, in
cluding the members of the state
highway commission, will mobilize
at that point and motor down the
coast through Curry county to
Crescent City, Cai., to attend
meeting of road boosters next Mon
day. The object of the meeting is
to have California and Oregon peo
ple develop the highway along the
coast. The Oregon section is called
the Roosevelt highway and when
cunrpieiea it wui oe an au-wmxeT
road,' avoiding the snows of the
Siskiyous.
' Saturday among the arrivals at
the Perking were J. A. Richardson
ol Tillamook and C. Stafford of. the
same place. Yesterday they walked
up to the desk and informed George
I. Thompson, the dean of clerks,
that they wished to give up the
rooms they occupied Saturday and
Sunday and that they wanted, in
stead', one room. Mr. Thompson in
quired why, and then Mr. Richard
son re-reglstered thus: J. A. Rich
ardson and wife.
The thermometer at the railroad
station at Pasco Sjtood at 120 de
grees above zero," reported Alex
Power, a banker of Lebanon, Or.,
who Is registered with Mrs. Power
at the Hotel Oregon. "The heat was
terrific and it wouldn't have been
any trouble to fry an egg on the
station piatform." Mr.; and Mrs.
Power, who are returning to Linn
county from a trip to . Spokane,
Wash., are thankful that Lebanon
hasn't a temperature like Pasco and
way points.
Charles A. Brand, orchardist of
Douglas county, is at the Hotel Port
land. Mr. Brand is here to attend a
meeting of the state tax investiga
tion committee, which was In
structed by the 1921 legislature to
make its report in November of this
year. Mr. Brand is' of the opinion
that an orchardist in Oregon gets
more out of life than some others,
even though the' returns are not
great.
Wheat farmers who happened to
be In Portland yesterday expressed
concern over the grain outlook as
a consequence of the hot blast now
sweeping the Pacific coast. The
wheat is In the "dough" stage and
the heat will prevent the grains
from growing large and, naturally,
will result in a lighter yield. The
berry growers are also complaining
at the absence of rain.
H. M. Seethoff of the Central Ore
gon Milling company of Metolius,
Or., is with Mrs. Seethoff at the Im
perial. Metolius is one of the baby
towns of Oregon, having been set
tled a dozen years ago.
It isn't circus time in town, yet
Messrs. Beaver, Otter, Fox, Wolf,
Lyon and Batt are registered at the
Multnomah. Mrs. Wiezel, however,
has checked out. -
Nesmlth Ankeny, a banker of
Walla Walla, Wash., and Levi An
keny Jr. are arrivals at the Hotel
Oregon from the wheat belt.
Ralph G. Bardwell of the Bardwell
Fruit company of Medford is at the
Hotel Portland with hia" wife.
N. Bangs, mayor and everything
else at Timber,- Or., is at the Hotel
Portland for the holiday.
L. J. Miller, a merchant of Grass
Valley, Or., is among the arrivals at
the Perkins.
Wages of Farm Laborers.
GOLD BEACH, Or., July 1. To the
Editor: If a man comes to a ranch
and thore are no arrang-ements made
for him to pay -board- and he stops
there for several months and does
a littlo work at times, can he collect
wages in Oregon? G. E. M.
Farm wages are a matter of
agreement. In the absence of agree
ment the laborer would be entitled
not to an arbitrary sum, hut to rea
sonable compensation , for the
amount of work that h performed.'
In this case that compensation
might or m'ght not be in excess of
a reasonable charge for the board
furnished by the farmer.
ORIGIX OF REPUBLICAN PARTY j
Interesting Details of Inception
Found In Old Memoranda.
VANCOUVER, Wash., July 1
(To the Editor.) The editorial, "A
Pioneer; Republican," in this morn
ing's Oregonian, irresistibly sets my
thoughts in what old Dr. Jones of
Wilmington, O., forty years ago was
wont to call a "reminlstic vein."
In the autumn of 1879, while as
sisting in the preparation of an
exhaustive history of Kalamazoo
county, Michigan, I became ac
quainted, at Schoolcraft, with Dr
Nathan M. Thomas, the "first physi
cian to locate in that county, coming
from his native town of Mountj
Pleasant, O., In June, 1830. When Ij
met him lie was almost 77 years, old,
and still quite vigorous. He was an
ardent believer in the plan of Ben
jamin Lundy to carry the anti-slavery
question to the ballot box and
not depend on moral suasion alone
to free the country from the curse
of slavery. From 1840, when he
favored the organization of the lib
erty party and voted for its ticket
at the presidential election, he was
prominently identified with the
movement to crush out the evil, and
was one of the prime movers in the
formation of the republican party in
Michigan. He attended the free-soil
or free democratic convention held
at Jackson February 22, 1854, a m-ass
convention at Kalamazoo June 21
following, and the great mass con
vention at Jackson July 6, 1854,
when the republican party in Michi
gan flung its banner to the breeze.
Dr. Thomas, in response to inquiries
by the Detroit Post and Tribune re
garding the recollections of surviv
ors of those .early movements, wrote
a letter to that paper June 27, 1879,
and when. I met him furnished me
with a copy of the same, -from which
allow me to quote;
. . The old anti-slavery men,
previous to the origin of the republican
party, had felt the , necessity of a com-
Olneu extort against slavery and the ag
gresslons of the slave power of the coun
try, ana had been acting politically
against that Institution for years. In ao- ;
cordance with established usage, the
free democracy, as the representation
of their principles, met in convention at
Jackson on the 22d of February, adopted
resolutions, and In nominating the state
ticket the candidates were selected with
a view of reconciling the feelings of the
various shades of anti-slavery men and
placing a strong ticket in the field. With
that idea in view, Kinsley S. Bingham
was nominated for governor. A strong
desire was manifested by a few leading
anti-slavery whlgs lor a union of the
free-soil and whig parties on a state
ticket . . . But the time for its con
summation had not yet arrived, nor was
it foreseen that so great an aggression
upon the rights of the free states as the
repeal of the Missouri compromise was
so near in the future as the end of May
of that year. The catastrophe occurred
when I was on my way to visit friends
in New England. ... I was in Boston
to witness the first opening in Faneull
hall of the .great fugitive slave case.
. . . . The slave power was supreme
to the Canada line. A few days passed,
and a war vessel was in the port of Bos
ton, and. under orders from the govern
ment of the United States, took Anthony
Burns and returned him to slavery, from
which he had just escaped.
A few days later a line from a friend
reached me in Vermont, urging my re
turn home; as a state free-soil conven
tion had been called during my absence.
On my return 1 attended that conven
tion, which was held at Kalamazoo to
meet the emergency that has Just been I
sprung upon the country, and aroused
the public mind to a greater .extent than
any event that had transpired since the
memorable struggle against the admis
sion of Missouri as a Blave state, and
led to the call of the mass state conven
tion to be held at Jackson on the 6th of
July. Under these circumstances the
free democracy determined to meet at
the time appointed in the mass conven
tion at Jackson, and unite in a new
organisation, providing a platform was
adopted embracing their ' principles. A
committee of sixteen was appointed for
the purpose of carrying out the will of
the Kalamazoo convention. They met in
Jackson, and, upon a platform being
adopted that met the approval of the
committee, the nominations previously
made were withdrawn, and the free dem
ocratic party of this statewas dissolved ;
and absorbed in the new organization
under the name of the republican party, !
as adopted by the convention. When the ,
organization was completed and the state
officers nominated the convention closed
with a feeling pervading the mass that
a great work had been accomplished.
Michigan was undoubtedly the first state
to organize under the name republican
... . but the republican party was
not. of course, fully organized as a na
tional party previous to the holding of
the national convention at x-nuaaeipnia,
In 185.
" It is proper to state that Kala
mazoo county, in the election of 1866,
cast 2803 votes for John C. Fremont
for president, and 1620 for James
Buchanan.
My father, Samuel W. Durant, a
native of Vermont, who came to
Illinois in 1845, was first a whig.
At its inception he became connect
ed with the "know nothing" or
"American" party, but never attend
ed more than one meeting. He voted
with the republican party when it
was formed, and remained a con
sistent member )intil his death. He
backed his belief by a service of
three years with Sherman during
the civil war. He was always a
great admirer of General Fremont,
but had never seen him until the
noted pathfinder visited Chicago and
the east more than thirty years
after his defeat for the presidency.
On that occasion. In my father's com
pany, I had the pleasure of a chat
and a hearty handshake with the
general, an, experience I can never
forget.
I was born in Kane county, Illi
nois. May 21, 1854, and somehow
imbibed the breath of republicanism,
from which I have never since been
free, nor do I ever expect to be. In
rriy native county a call for a re
publican county convention, was cir
culated August 4, 1854, and the gath
ering was held at Geneva on the
19th of that month. A congres
sional convention was held Septem
ber 20, and the entire ticket, from
congressman down, was elected ex
cept sheriff. Kane county was then
in the congressional district with
Cook, and the congressman elected
was J. K. Woodworth of, Chicago.
LaSalle county was close after its
neighbor Kane to take up the banr
ner in Illinois, holding Its conven
tion August 30, 1854.
PLINY A. DURANT.
Nebraska Senators, 1880-1S90.
SPRINGFIELD. Or., July 2. To
the Editor): 1. Who were the sen
ators from Nebraska from 1880 to
1890? 2. Is ex-Senator J. K. Kelly
of Oregon still living?
. GEORGE BARNES.
1. A. S. Paddock, whose term ex
pired in 1881, was succeeded by
Charles H. Van Wyck. Paddock was
re-electedr to succeed Van Wyck.
Thomas W. Ferry, whose term ex
pired in 1883, was succeeded by
Charles F. Manderson, who was re
elected In 1894.
2. Judge J. K. Kelly died Septem
ber 15, 1903.
Congress and, Kl Klnx Klan.
, WESTON, Or., July 2. To the Edi
tor: Please let me know if the pres
ent congress has ever had an act for
suppressing the Ku Klux Klan pre
sented to it. If so, by whom?
C. F. BULFINCH.
We do not know of any.
' School Teachers fn Alaska.
EUGENE, Or., July 2. (To the
Editor.) With whom should I com
municate regarding positions in the
Alaskan schools ? A SUBSCRIBER.
Write to superintendent of public
instruction, Juneau, Alaska.
More Truth Than Poetry
By James J. Montague.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIX
YEARS OLD.
He doesn't go 'round with a chip on
his shoulder. .
Hunting excuses to fight any.
more;
He's 'getting a little bit wiser and
older;
Fond of his comfort, and weary of
war.
He Isn't as boastful he isn't so
breezy.
Nor half so convinced that he
cannot be wrong.
He's got in the habit of taking
things easy
Fof old Uncle Samuel Is getting
alqng. ,
The pastime of setting the eagle to
screaming
' Is almost forgotten; he takes more
delight
In sitting around In the twilight
and dreaming,
-Somehow assured that the world
H is all right,
He isn't so quickly aroused to re
sentment. Nor nearly so eager to reach for
his gun;
The thing that he hankers for most
is contentment
And time to reflect on "the things
he has done.
He knows he has wealth, and an
envied position
Enough for an old man to ask for,
forsooth.
What need then for nursing the
restless ambition
That stirred irt his breast in ths
days of his- youth?
What need, as he muses,' withself
satisfaction On the place he has filled upon
history's page
For the old boyish craving for tur
moil and action?
Far better the leisure of restful
old age!
He is getting along, for he dwells
on the glory
He fought for and won in the
brave days of old,
He lives upon dreams, goin back
through the story
That, somehow, he fancies Is
already told.
And yet. If the war clouds should
gather above him
If ever his country by foes is
beset,
He'll 'rouse from his dreaming the
old man, God love him!
Will suddenly find there is fight
in him yet!
VnlienltUtul Place.
Let us hope Ireland's new consti
tution is a rugged one, otherwise it
will never survive in that climate.
If He Doesn't Behave.
United States judges are given life
terms on the bench and it begins to
look as if the same blessing was
soon to 'be bestowed on Mr. Babe
Ruth.
Goinsr nnd Coming.
Between tractors and detractors
Henry Ford is kept pretty busy.
(Copyiighl, 1022, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright, Houghton-Mifflin Co.
Can Yon Answer These QuestlonsT
U Are all diving birds web
footed ?
2. Is there a book that gives a
good description of southern flow
ers? 3. Is there anything that will
keep mosquitoes from biting?
Answers in ' tomorrow's nature
notes.
Answers to Previous Questions.
1. What can I feed a baby squir.
rel?
Begin with warm milk given
through a medicine dropper, and
soon substitute a doll's nursing bot
tle. Crumbs of graham cracker can
be offered before long, and when
teeth begin to show, ground nuts.
Increase the nut diet with age, giv
ing uncracked nuts when the squir
rel is full grown, to keep its teeth
healthy.
2. What makes the crimson and
Perkins rambler roses blight with a
white mold?
The blight is a parasitic fungus
distributed through the air we can
speak only theoretically about treat
ment, not knowing conditions of the
special bushes in question. Pow
dered sulphur, liberally dusted on,
and puffed to reach the under sides
of the leaves, is a simple treatment
used by rose growers. Possibly the
soil needs a little air-slacked lime
it should be well mixed in with
the earth, and. not put in in pockets
near the roofs.
3. I am starting the chicken
business, and am much bothered by
hawks, which kill off my chicks.
Am situated in hill country, iwith
many cedars in neighboring woods
in which the hawks hide. I can't
shoot them as they are too wary.
What shall I do?
Some hawks are valuable and
should not be shot; our correspond
ent does not say 'what variety is
harrying his flock probably acclpi
ter, very troublesome. As preven
tive, place shiny articles like old
bottles, tin cans, etc., all around
chicken yard the hawks view such
objects with suspicion. A colony
of purple martins in the neighbor
hood would help, as they chase
hawks. To shoot, build a blind of
brush or something of the sort and
leave it on view for several days.
Then shoot from it very early in
the morning. For detailed advice
better send to United States depart
ment of agriculture for A. K. Fish
er'B "Hawks and Owls of the United
States."
Iri Other Days.
Twenty-five Years Ago.
From The Oregonian of July 4. 1R97.
Pittsburg. The coal market is de
moralized by the threatened strike
I of union miners, called for today.
The four-day' celebration, of the
natal day of the country will reach
its climax here, today.
San Francisco. Early delegates to
the Christian Endeavor convention
have arrived here.
Chicago. A terrific heat wave has
struck this city.
Fifty Years Ago.
From The Oregonian of July 4. 1872.
New York. Nearly 200 cases of
sunstroke were reported yesterday,
with 60 deaths.
Kingston. President Sagit of
Hayti has issued a proclamation de
nouncing as an outrage the action
of the German warships in enforc
ing the demands of German mer
chants. New York. Bonds of the Market
Street Railway company of San
Francisco, totaling $23,000, were
stolen yesterday.
The annual message of Mayor
Wasserman was read to the council
last night.