10
THE MORNING' OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 1922
l-STABUSHEO BY HF.XSY I PITTOCK.
Published by The Oregonian Publishing Co.
135 Sixth Street, Portland, Oregon.
C A. MORDEN-, B. B. PIPER,
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I) IX LINE OF THE FAMILY DOCTOR.
The failure of recruits for family
and country practice, long noted by
those who have had occasion to call
for the services of a doctor, is be
coming- a matter of serious concern
to the medical profession. In open
ing the health institute in this citiy
Monday, Dr. Richard B. Dillehunt
dean of the university medical
school, commented upon the "acute
scarcity of general practitioners, so
well known and so useful in former
days," and declared that "there is a
crying need all over the nation for
more country doctors.
In the judgment of Dr. Dillehunt
the medical schools must assume
some share of responsibility in the
effort for better distribution of the
graduates. "Medical colleges," he
says, "must endeavor to turn out
more who are fortified with the new
scientific discoveries and improve
ments to take care of the health of
small communities and rural dis
tricts." The need for such services
is not confined to the country. City
dwellers have been finding it more
and more difficult to get hold of a
doctor who can keep the whole fam
ily up and going through the many
little ailments that afflict the aver
age household and that become seri
ous only through neglect.
The shift from general practice to
specialization is easily accounted for.
The motive is rooted in hilman na
ture. Almost any man who is at all
ambitious would rather strive to
make himself master in a few par
ticulars, than to diffuse his talents
and energies over the wider field
Certainty of the larger rewards that
await the master specialist not
only the monetary rewards, but the
satisfaction that comes in work well
done -is tremendously attractive to
the medical student. The ctiy, with
its larger opportunities for research
and practice, always catches the
graduate who would specialize.
It will call for the exercise of
schools and for sacrifices on the part
of students that mav seem, at the
time, to De very heavy, lr the dimin
ishing supply of country doctors and
general practitioners is to be replen
isnea. r ernaps it is time to give
warning to students that practically
all of the special fields are already
well occupied, many of them in dan
ger of over-crowding. Not all of the
present specialists are making gains
in riches or reputation; and among
them, no doubt, are those who now
wish they had taken advantage of
their earlier opportunities for
broader knowledge and experience.
There Is a point of saturation in spe
cial practice, beyond which there is
no place for the newcomer unless
his offering be of transcendent value,
Meantime, the countryside calls
loudly for medical aid; and there are
thousands of city dwellers who, if
they could, would gladly pin their
faith once more to the guidance,
good counsel and friendship of the
family doctor.
THE WAYS OF BUREAUCRACY.
If those officials of the bureau of
engraving and printing who have
been removed for the good of the
service had been discharged by a
private employer, it would have been
considered sufficient explanation that
"they didn't make good." The affair
would hav been a sensation in the
store or factory for a few days, then
would have been forgotten except
that the remaining employes would
have taken additional pains to make
good. Because the discharged offi
cials are in government employ, a
great hullabaloo is made about them,
and desire to make room for repub
licans Is suggested as the real mo
tive, though a majority of them are
republicans, and violation of the
civil service law is alleged.
This disturbance draws attention
to an Incurable evil of government
employment, which renders the gov
ernment hopelessly incapable of
doing business as well and at as low
cost as it Is done by private individ
uals. The merit system seems to be
the only possible alternative to the
spoils system. It protects the em
ploye who Is a member of the wrong
party from discharge for no good
reason. It protects the department
chief from being hounded by office
seekers and their friends in congress
and from the necessity of appoint
ing men for political reasons, and it
protects the congressman from the
importunities of those who want
office. But In avoiding these evils
It Introduces others. It gives the
subordinate such security in his
position that, unless guilty of some
flagrant offense, he is practically
irremovable. That fact removes the
Incentive to Industry, efficiency, in
itiative, and substitutes a disposition
to do things the easiest way. That
begets reverence for established
practice and instinctive aversion for
change. The subordinate always
wants more men and women em
ployed, therefore objects to reforms
by which employes are required to
do more work or fewer men are em
ployed for the sake of economy.
When a new man becomes head
of a department, ready to play the
part of a new broom, he is at a dis
advantage. He has only the most
general idea of how things are done,
and he must depend for information
on a permanent official. If he wants
to make a change- In method, lie
must learn from Mr. Permanent how
it can be introduced, and instantly
he encounters all manner of objec
tions where he needs co-operation.
Mr. Permanent Is backed by the
passive resistance of every employe
of the department or bureau, all of
whom want to do things as they
always have been done in " the
easiest way to avoid change, thought
or reduction of the staff. A force
ful chief may succeed in effecting
a sweeping reform by overriding
opposition, but he stays only four
years, while Mr. Permanent stays
on for life. The new chief is prob
ably of the opposite party, therefore
inclined to undo what his predeces
sor has done, and Mr. Permanent,
backed by the whole staff, readily
seconds him in this relapse to the
good old Inefficient times. Depart
ment chiefs come and go, even
Dawes may make a devastating
charge through musty precedents,
but when they are gone, the immov
ables remain and instinctively re
sume old practices.
This condition of affairs, which
seems incurable, is a good reason for
opposing any addition to the func
tions of the government, especially
any activity which can be left to
private enterprise. A certain amount
of bureaucracy is a necessary evil,
but the amount should b limited by
necessity. -
wounds has been delayed and that
more than three years after the
armistice it is holding a conference
on its own case, with the United
States still absent.
Party controversy is an unavoid
able outgrowth and instrument of
democratic government. By it, we
believe, democratic nations bring
their best and ablest men to the
front. But when the passions which
that controversy inflames have such
dire consequences as they have had
in the two periods of reconstruction
within a half century, we pay an ex
travagantly high price for the test by
which we determine which men and
which policies-are best.
PXJEA OF AVOIDANCE.
Friends of the dismissed employes
of the bureau of engraving and
printing are reported by Washing
ton correspondents as insisting that
the investigation now in progress
will disclose no more evidence of
inefficiency in the bureau than in
any other government department."
Such insistence on the part of
"friends" . can be due but to one
cause the assurance of the dis
missed employes that this is the
case; that their inefficiency has been
no more pronounced than the ineffi
ciency of others.
And that may very well be true;
or, at any rate, true to a degree.
Being true, in whole or in part, it
gives virtually every reason that con
gress and the country should need
for approval of the administration's
course in starting the house-cleaning.
In a way it is a plea in avoid
ance; an admission of indifference
and neglect with no extenuation
save that others also have been in
different and neglectful in the work
that the government hired them and
paid them to do.
No such wholesale dismissal of
employes could have occurred with
out good cause. Those dismissed
have not been hurt or even embar
rassed by hint of criminal miscon
duct. The president and the secre
tary of the treasury have been at
pains to exonerate them in this re
spect. The turn now taken in pre
mature effort at defense gives ample
reason why investigation should be
pressed, not only in the bureau of
engraving and printing, but in all
other departments.
DEPORTATION NO PENALTY.
The bill passed by the house of
representatives authorizing deporta
tion of aliens convicted of violating
the prohibition or narcotics laws is
criticised by the Indianapolis News
on the ground that it increases the
penalty and that, "whether deporta
tion Is or is not technically a punish
ment, it is intended to operate as a
punishment" and is an "unusual"
punishment in the constitutional
sense of that word. The alien of
fender may regard deportation as a
punishment, but Americans are not
obliged to take his view of it. Resi
dence in the United States by an
alien who neglects the opportunity
to become a citizen is not a right;
it is a privilege which may properly
be withdrawn when abused. The law
would treat the alien offender as one
who had proved unfit to enjoy that
privilege.
Application of this principle to
violat.ors of specific laws is unusual.
for aliens convicted of felony are
subject to deportation under a gen
eral law. On that ground Emma
Goldman and Alexander Berkman
were deported after having lived In
this country for many years. A spe
cial law extending this rule to of
fenders against the prohibition and
narcotics laws may be explained by
the fact that most of the offenses
against them are not felonies, there
fore do not involve deportation.
Exception may be justified as
gainst dealers in liquor and nar
cotics on the general ground that this
nation has gone beyond any other
nation In combating those evils, and
that aliens are less ready than citi
zens to adapt themselves to the new
conditions that we have established.
If they refuse to conform, giving evi
dence of their refusal by repeated
ffending, firm establishment of the
innovation will be facilitated by
their deportation to the countries
whence they came and whoso cus
toms they prefer.
STAND BY OUR NAVAL POIICY.
For the first time in its history
the United States has a naval policy
under which It Is able to defend
itself, to maintain its foreign policy
and to do its share of the police
work on the seas which devolves on
all great commercial natI6ns. That
is one result of the naval treaty of
Washington. ' It is combined with
another result that a ratio of
strength between the American navy
and the navies of other great naval
powers has been established by
which the United States greatly re
duces its navy and is relieved from
the necessity of indefinite expansion
in order to keep pace. Thus the
ends of both those men who stand
for a navy adequate for defense and
those who oppose heavy expenditure
in an armament race witb other na
tions are attained.
Still, . the little navy men are not
satisfied. They assume that the
Washington treaties have made war,
If not impossible, so improbable that,
we need not even keep our navy up
to the agreed ratio, and in their zeal
for economy they propose to reduce
It below that ratio; that is, to save
money without regard to the neces
slty of the expenditure in question.
This is the only possible conclusion
to be drawn from the proposal to
reduce the enlisted men in the navy
to 67,000 in place of the 86,000 asked
for by the navy department. The
number of men required to navigate
and fight the ships of a "five" navy
is a matter for expert determination.
If we reduce the manpower below
that number we by so much reduce
the strength of the navy below the
"five" ratio. Talk as we may of
ships, they- are but the tools with
which men fight; the navy really
consists of the trained, disciplined
men who use them. Without those
men the ships and all their equip
ment are but junk.
Unless that ratio is maintained, in
manpower as wen as snips, the
United States will not have the force
needed to defend its rights, and those
rights will be in danger of impair
ment. When diplomats meet to ad
just disputed points, the weight that
they give to one another's arguments
is measured not solelly by reason, but
by the force which their govern
ments are able to exert in support
of those arguments In the last re
sort. Germany trampled on our
rights because our navy was unready
and because our army was insig
nificant. The world has not yet re
turned to such a state of peace that
similar situation may not agaii
arise. It is true now, as it was in
1914, that for the United States the
best safeguard against war is readi
ness for defense, and so It will be
until organization of the world for
peace, of which the Washington
treaties are the beginning, has been
completea.
TWO RECONSTRUCTION PERIODS.
Two memorable dates in Ameri
can history have just passed. On
April 9 the civil war began and
ended. On April 6 the United States
intervened in the world war, and
thereby insured victory for the allies.
If the union had not been restored
and cemented by the result of the
former, it is doubtful whether there
would have been a United States
powerful enough to decide the later
war.
There is a parallel between the
conditions which followed the two
wars. In 1865 this nation was con
fronted by the necessity of recon-
tructing the union; in 1918 by that
of leading in reconstruction of the
world. In both cases the work was
sadly marred by partisan strife. At
the bast there would have been
much contention over restoring the
union but if Lincoln had lived to di
rect it, his policy of broad, humane
conciliation would almost surely
have prevailed. The racial and sec
tional Issue of today might then have
been a email, vanishing factor in our
affairs, and the economic remaking
f the south might have been twenty
years farther advanced.
Partisan control of the world war
and of peace negotiations by Presi
dent Wilson injected a degree of
partisan bitterness into discussion of
the peace treaties which would have
been absent if he had united both
parties in partnership for undertak
ings which demanded all the best
brains, devotion and energy of the
nation. There would probably still
have been much difference of opinion
If he had taken that course, but the
mass of the people would have ac
cepted the guidance of their political
leaders. The result of the conflict
was that the United States left the
bleeding old world to stagger to its
feet unaided, that the binding of its
SIX-YEAR, SINGLE TERM.
Discussion has started again of the
length of the presidential term and
the question of making the occupant
of the executive chair ineligible for
re-election. The thought has gained
currency among the American people
that more single-minded, and per
haps better, service might be given
the nation if the objective of a sec
ond term could be placed outside the
bounds of possibility. With this the
other thought runs current that the
four-year term, under conceivable
conditions, might not give time for
the full realization of executive pol
icies of general benefit.
President Harding is reported to
be in favor of the single term, but
whether for himself or for those who
shall follow him is not yet made
clear. Most of the men who have
been president in the last twenty
years or more are said to have fa
vored the single term, but each with
the belief that the term should be
of more than four years. The demo
cratic national platform on which
Woodrow Wilson was first elected
specifically pledged the party candi
date to a single term a pledge that
went into the discard with the re
nomination of Mr. Wilson four years
later, but at the time of making,
shrewdly designed to catch votes.
It is easy to understand that a
man who has received the highest
honor, within the gift of the people,
and who has enjoyed that honor to
the fullest extent compatible with
the arduous and vexatious duties of
the presidential office, would per
sonally be glad to give way to a suc
cessor at the end of a single term.
But under our system of effecting
changes in the government through
the action of political parties, it is
also easy to understand why a presi
dent in office should sometimes seem
to be the best candidate for a party
desiring to continue in control.
The objection generally declared
to the present system of possible sec
ond terms is related to the belief that
the dominant party expends too
much of its energies in the effort to
hold over; and that, with no second
term to look forward to, those ener
gies might -be better diffused for the
public good. This objection' has no
substance save in theory. It is clear
that, although the man who hap
pened to be president might be the
best and strongest candidate that his
party could nominate for the suc
cession, the party would be just as
energetic in making hay while the
sun shone, no matter whom it might
ultimately choose to bear its stand
ard. . To cut the president off from
a second term would not be, by any
means, to cut the ground from under
his party.
The revived discussion brings up
the possible tenure under the one
term plan. A single term of six years
has been suggested, and discussion
leads on as to how and when the
change might go into effect. A con
stitutional amendment would be nec
essary, adopted by twt-thirds of sen
ate and house and ratified by three
fourths of the eta'tes. .. Though not
impossible, it is doubtful if so much
of our governmental machinery could
be moved fast enough to preclude
the possibility of President Harding's
renomination, if such should be the
inclination of his party. Mr. Hard
ing may be in favor of the single
term, as he is said to be, but the
American sense of fairness would
hardly sanction a course that would
arbitrarily shut him out of consid
eration. Should the single-term sentiment
gain such headway as to justify re
cognition as a national desire, the
fairer course, from the national view
point, as well as from the viewpoint
of all political parties concerned with
national government, would be to let
the change come into effect after due
and adequate notice. The first presi
dential election following ratification
of the amendment might be for the
four-year term, at the end of which
the six-year term would begin.
Assuming, for illustration, that the
six-year single term amendment
were to be adopted prior to 1924
when the successor to Mr. Harding
is to be elected. If the amendment
fixed 1928 as the year for the first
campaign under the new provisions,
proper notice would be given to 1924
candidates and parties that the next
would be last four-year term and
that the successful candidate would
not be eligible for re-election. No
incumbent's term would be pro
tracted or shortened. The country
would be given time to prepare for
the new order of things.
The point has been raised that a
six - year presidential term might
allow too much time and latitude for
party entrenchment. This point is
contradictory of the argument in
favor of the single term, which Is in
tended specifically to prevent such
entrenchment. But with a one-third
change In the senate and opportunity
for complete change in 'the house
every two years, partisan control
cannot be asserted very far beyond
the point of popular desire. With
short terms or long terms, single
terms or many, no political party can
long maintain itself in power except
with the approbation and support of
a majority of the American people.
The Listening Post.
By DeWItt Harry.
MANY LITTLE CONVENTIONS.
Of incidental interest in Seattle's
always interesting political cam
paigns are the quiz courses to which
candidates for office are subjected
by committees representing various
Seattle civic organizations. Every
person who shows enough self-ap
preciation to file as a candidate is
called to the carpet, not by one com
mittee, but by several, and made to
tell and tell again the story of his
life or hers, as it sometimes hap
pens.
The practice is not unknown in
other cities; but nowhere else, so far
as known, has it attained the full
flower of an established institution,
Seattle politics Would be lacking in
flavor without the tantalizing uncer
tainty as to what this league, that
club, and the other societies would
have to say about the candidate.
When the conclusions and recom
mendations of the committees are
finally set forth in the town news
papers there is much disappointment
and chagrin very little joy for any
one. Candidates hope against hope,
though they know this to be inevi
table. No two of the committees
can agree; each sizes up the. situa
tion from the angle of its own or
ganization. The result is that while
some of the candidates may get a
kind word or so from some of the
committees, they are bound to be
"knocked" by others. And the
knocks, as is usually the case in real
life, are stlffer than the boosts; Se
attle has never yet had so many can
didates in the field that one com
mittee or another could not find
time to knock them all.
The qualifications of the commit
tee to conduct such inquisitions seem
to be accepted without question in
Seattle; and the certainty that per
sonal animosities often, influence
committeemen does not appear to
make any difference. This is the
course that every Seattle candidate
must run; and while the smooth and
plausible candidate may think he
starts with some advantage over his
ruder and rougher competitors, none
can foresee the finish. The contra
riety of judgments by which each
candidate is eventually reported to
the world is puzzling to his most In
timate friends, and sometimes
shocking.
In the statement of the candidacy
of a man for the circuit bench It is
said he is the father of a son "who
was murdered at the police station
two years ago." ' "Murdered" is a
harsh word to use for that incident
and cannot result in benefit to the
candidate. The publicity attending
the killing of the boy was sufficient
to make his father well known to
newspaper readers.
FIVE-DOLLAR gold piece is In
, circulation some place in Port
land, a friendless little yellow coin
that is being passed on as rapidly as
possible. Time was when gold was
staple commodity in the west and the
merchant who was tendered a paper
bill would view the owner with eus
picion. Now the case is reversed.
This little srold piece by some
strange, quirk of chance strayed lnt
the cashier's cage of the electric light
company and as It would not fit an
of the slots in the change machln
and would not stack up with the paper
money the girl sped it on its way to
the first customer. The man who re
ceived it didn't have any use for th
old-fashioned coin and was afraid h
would hand it out for a quarter, so h
gave it to his butcher, who took it
with manifest care on his face and
carefully placed it in a slit in his cash
drawer, for he had no compartment
for gold coins. So the butcher passed
it the first opportunity he had an
the coin is likely yet traveling its
journey of unrest, unliked and unap
preciated, even though it is made of
the most revered of monetary metals.
Eugene Sheppard of Rhinelander,
Wis., has a national reputation as
practical joker. It was Sheppard who
was responsible for many of the Paul
Bunyan stories and his nature Is rife
with originality. Many myths and al
most supernatural happenings at
tributed to the section of the country
in which he resides can be traced to
this master joker. i
Just a few weeks ago Ray Hage
of the In te national Harvester com
pany was telling a party of friends
of the weird prehistorical animal
"Gene"' conjured up one night In th
woods near Rhinelander. This beast
was part bear with the tail of an alii
gator and wore a plentiful supply of
moose horns along his back. The
party were led into the woods at
night by Sheppard and saw the mon
ster as he was spouting fire and
smoke from nostrils, mouth and eyes
and none of them remained to make,
a closer acquaintance. '
Just as Hagan finished his story
Charles Chatterton, one of the audi
ence, said he had a picture of thi
monster and that it was called
Hodag," and yesterday the old pho
tograph was sent to The Oregonian
So far as known Rhinelander is the
only town in the world where any
traces of this rare beast have ever
been located.
Childhood philosophy la simplicity
itself. Certain acts or occurrences
have sure results. Joe Reig"s son
Donald is one of the youngsters who
know. Donald was playing with
chum about his own age when the
unfortunate youth stumbled and fell
kersplash into a mud puddle and
thoroughly drenched himself. Donald
walked home with the ead-faced and
soiled boy and saw him haled into the
house by his aunt. After standing at
the closed door for a few moments
Donald went to his own home, only
to return about ten minutes later,
when be knocked at the door and
asked if his playmate could come out
now.
No, he can't," came the firm, deter
mined answer. "He dirtied his clothes
and he had to go to bed."
That's the place, that's the place,
mused Donald with intense feeling in
his voice, as he gave up the quest and
went his way.
There is one bright spot, for those
who know a. good thing when they
see it, in the news that old-fashioned
maple sugar Is going to be cheaper
this .season than at any time before
the war.
There ought to be a way to brand
or otherwise tag persons inclined
toward bigamy. It could be done
only after conviction, of course; but
it would check the habit to an extent.
Voliva has succeeded in imposing
his flat earth upon the Zion City
schools, but nothing is said as to
where they stand on Mr. Bryan's de
nial of the theory of evolution.
Anybody with the ability can take
smelt from the Sandy, but a license
Is necessary to sell them there. There
is nothing in the law to forbid gifts.
Conan Doyle's idea of hell as a
sort of hospital may be comforting
to many; but it will be too good a
place altogether for many others.
Now comes a Portland hen that
lays scrambled eggs. To get ahead of
that Seattle will have to produce one
that lays them poached on toast.
Mrs. Asquith can afford to write
cheerfully of her feeling toward
America. Her trip is said to have
netted her $35,000. ,
Lloyd George knows what to do
with a crisis when it looms in the
offing. He simply swats it and the
thing is dead.
' A Conan Doyle draws a picture
of hell as a kind of hospital. With
the devil as director of operations?
The theory of the Arbuckle prose
cution seems to be "If at first you
don't convict, try, try again."
Nevertheless, bootlegging as yet
can hardly be classed as one of the
dangerous occupations.
Wart until Tuesday night to ask
What's the matter with the Beav
ers?"
Chalk up a momentous victory for
the traffic squad, for they have van
quished one of the most persistent of
the Alder street offenders. Though
warned time and again by card to
appear and explain violations of the
parking ordinances to the bureau, this
driver never appeal-ed. The police
threatened to confiscate his car at
the first opportunity and the battle
was resumed when the driver once
again parked on a short-time street
and locked his wheels so as to make
it Impossible to move the car. When
he returned several hours later all
of the cushions had been removed
from the interior and a note lay on
the bare bottom of the seat, inform
ing him that he could get the inte'
rior furnishings of his new sedan by
calling at the police station".
Just to show how deep-rooted are
the principles of labor Ingrained iff
some workmen in this country one of
them, a logger, in setting forth his
views on the present eight-ibour-a-
day-ln-the-woods controversy, avowed
his allegiance to the old rallying cal!
he stood for in the Welsh collieries
before emigrating to the United
States. The watchword of the miners
at that far-distant day was:
Eight hours' work.
Eight hours' play.
Eight hours' sleep.
Eight bob a day.
Occupants of adjoining chairs in a
hotel lobby, they were having a
rather warm discussion over their
abilities as farmers.
"What do you know about farming
anyhow?" enorted one, as he knocked
out a clinker from his pipe on the
heel of his boot.
"What do I know? What do I
know?" in rising crescendo .from the
other, "why, I was born and blos
somed into a beautiful young man
right in the very center of an agricul
tural community."
"That's a funny one." The first
man was breathing fire and not back
ing down -a bit. "Why, I was floor
walker on a 160-acre ranch before
you were born."
The family quarrel , was at its
height. Wif ie had just scored heavily
and hubby was trying to get In some
heavy shot.
"Well, I guess you'd marry again
quick enough if I should die," he
nearly shouted.
"No, Henry, I wouldn't. You ought
to have died ten years ago for that.
Not many would care for an old wo
man like me mow." ' - ,
Heavily smitten by the charms of
a red-headed girl a young man who
loves to play poker attended a party
one recent evening and insisted that
the red queens run wild, figuring that
he would thus get an idea of his
chances with the fair charmer. He
abandoned his plan when he found,
after an entire evening's sport, that
few of the red queens would come his
way. It's problematical what influence
this experience will have on. his love
affairs.
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Folks at the Hotel.
The next time that snows fill
Deschutes canyon and prevent train
from coming in with mail and news
papers, as was the case last winter,
M. A. Lynch of Redmond will not be
cut off from the world. For 18 days
last winter the canyon was so full
of snow that the trains failed to get
through and newspapers from Port
land were not obtainable. Mr. Lynch
since coming to Portland to attend
the meeting of the state game com
mission, of which he is a member,
has become a radiophone bug. H
listened to the set at the home of
I. N. Fleischner and heard the con
certs and news sent broadcast by The
Oregonian. Yesterday Mr. Lynch was
busy among the electrical supply
stores seeking a good radiophone ap
paratus and when he locates a good
one he plans to have it installed in
his department store at Redmond
with an amplifying apparatus. With
tjiis equipment Mr. Lynch expects to
pick up wireless information from
many sections and, should there be
a storm sometime in the future, the
radiophone will enable him to get
news from "outside." There is prac
tically no hay left in his section of
the country, according to Mr. Lynch,
and hay is now selling at a ton.
They used to call him "Serg" be
cause once upon a time he was
sergeant , in a militia, but he regis
ters at the Imperial as George
Sullinger from Canyon City. Years
ago "Serg" was a freighter, handling
an eight-horse team between Canyon
City and Baker, a distance of 75
miles over about as bad roads as
anyone wants to travel. To be
good freighter in those days required
skill and a freighter was a person
age. The freighter had on occasion
to traverse country peopled by hos
tile Indians, which added a thrill and
some romance to the business when
they looked back on it years later.
Once when freighting with Phil
Metschan, then a shaver, and his
brother Frank, "Serg" camped out
one night in the Blue mountains. A
cloudburst hit the hill and washed
down toward the camp. "Serg" and
Frank Metschan heard the water
coming, but Phil slept peacefully un
der the wagon, on his blankets and
was only saved from being drowned
by his companions dragging him to
safety.
"A lot of hard-surface pavements
will be laid on side streets in Sea
side this year." reports E. N. Hurd,
hiayor of the beach municipality, who
was in the city yesterday. "Seaside
is humming along and everything
looks good. The hotel was filled to
the last accommodation a week ago
Sunday and last Sunday it was two-
thirds full. Seaside is a popular place
for week-end trips from Portland.
The town has now quite a permanent
population, composed of people from
the interior who like It as a winter
resort. Of course, everyone knows
that it is the best summer resort on
thei Pacific coast. There will be sev
eral miles of hard surface laid by
July and the pavement from Portland
to Seaside will all be finished this
year."
Having studied law In Missouri,
along with W. M. (Pike) Davis,
Errett Hicks went to Montana and
later came to Portland to practice
law. Subsequently he moved to Can
yon City and now he is registered at
the Perkins along with a dozen other
residents of Grant county. There is
a story to the effect that when Hicks
and Davis were starting out In Port
land there was one good pair of
trousers in the firm, so that when
one went to court he wore the trou
sers while the other remained dis
creetly In the office, and this situ
ation continued until enough money
had been collected in fees to supply
a second pair of "breeks."
Louis Kohlhagen, one of the city
fathers of Roseburg, is among the
arrivals at tbe Imperial. Roseburg
boasts of one of the best automobile
camp grounds on the Paciflo high
way and it is as complete as any
camping tourist could desire. Already
the camping motorists from Cali
fornia have made their appearance
this spring and are using the Rose
burg grounds.
'Snowflakes as big as your hand,"
is the way Judge Thomas Crawford
of La Grande describes the storm
which struck his town Monday.
There was plenty of snow while it
lasted, but it soon disappeared," added
the well-known citizen of eastern
Oregon. Judge Crawford is in the
city to attend the luncheon to De
given today in honor of Cordell Hull,
democratic national chairman, wno
will meet the party chiefs.
The Cooper brothers, E. W. and
John, celebrated their 70th birthday
yesterday. E. W. (Bud) Cooper came
from Alsea, Or., to be with his twin
brother on the occasion. The Cooper
twins were born in Missouri and came
to Oregon with the" rest of the fam
ily in- the '60s.
James Dixon, cattleman of Prine-
ville. who is ranging his stock with
his brother now in Fort K.lamath ana
in the Klamath marsh, is in the city
for a few days.
Dr. J. C. Exline, eradlcator of
scabbies and tuberculosis in animals
in Washington, was in the city yes
terday on a professional visit.
Sweet Wishes for Mayor and Governor.
PORTLAND, April 11. (To the Edi
tor.) By whose authority does "Con
stant Reared" proclaim that the peo
ple of Oregon are humiliated by the
kisses that the governor ana mayor
bestowed on fair Mary Garden? The
greetings were quite informal and
most expressive of genuine nospitai
ity and true western chivalry. It took
the courage of western men to try it
and Mary liked it and wept a bit over
her welcome.
Happily, one cannot recall any cam
paign pledges wherein, the mayor
promised, if elected, to refrain from
kissing a strange woman in public,
r otherwise, and as yet there is no
law against it. So let us hope that
the governor and mayor have many
opportunities. In their expressive way,
to impress our eastern visitors that
west is west and that the people of
Oregon want to keep it so.
Perish the thought that any Ameri
can would attempt to kiss an inter-
ational hero. It would be ludicrous
ndeed and no Frenchman expects us
to follow the custom of France and
t isn't being done by mayors or sol
diers. Surely. Marshal Joffre was
hown every honor that could' be ex
pected from any people without the
kiss. WESTERNER.
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright. Houghtou-Mlfflln Co.
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Montsgw,
Caa You Answer These Quest Ions f
1. Why do some people call the
teacher bird "ovenbird"? 1
2. Do bees carry a stone for bal
last while flying?
3. Are the tassels on corn stalks
in place of flowers?
Answers in tomorrow's Nature
Notes.
Answers to Previous Questions.
1. Why do some birda walk and
others hop?
Generally speaking, the gait is- said
to be the natural outcome of other
characteristic habits. Birds that feed
on the ground where they can move
evenly from spot to spot, are likely
to be walkers. Those that custom
arily perch in trees and must get
their food by making Jumps from one
twig to another, are likely to acquire
a jumping, or hopping, gait, which
they still use when they make sallies
to earth. There are exceptions, of
course.
m a a
2. Do snakes move forward by a
zig-zag motion?
By undulating, yes; but If you
mean is the path an S-shaped one,
that depends on the kind of snake.
The single-striped garter snake, for
instance, moves obliquely, and so does
the "side-winder" rattlesnake, when
alarmed. The ordinary motion of rat
tlesnakes Is straight forward' in a
practically straight line, and so is
that of the thick-bodied poisonous
serpents.
S. How did guinea' pigs get their
name?
A matter of dispute. They are not
pigs, but cavles. The various cavies
are native to South America, and it Is
conjectured by some writers that
Guinea was misused for Gulanal, the
latter name being vaguely used for
South America. These cavies were
domesticated in Peru before that
country was conquered1 by the Span
ish; and the small, tame cavy Intro
duced to Europe at the time of the
conquest.
FROST PREVENTION 19 URGED
Orchardlst Denies Vigorous Growth
Habit Is Safeguard.
CENTRAL POINT. Or., April 10.
(To the Editor.) The Oregontan ea
itorial on April 2 on "Artificial Frost
Prevention" is unfortunate. The in
formation upon which it leans mainly,
namely an article in Country. Gentle
man, is lull or errors.
The principles Involved In frost
fighting are highly technical and the
layman who attempts to write from
his own or other "practical" knowl
edge is soon floundering. The wea
ther bureau has had for a number or
years a specialist studying and di
recting frost work and enough real
knowledget Is now available through
reports and articles from this source
to make guesswork unnecessary.
Your' conclusion that proper cul
tural methods to produce "compara
tively frost-resistant buds" is the best
way to combat frost danger la quite
erroneous. As well argue that trees
in vigorous condition will resist hall,
wind and flood. Recent work by the
University of Missouri brings out the
facts that any treatment materially
checking the growth of plants in
creases cold-resistance and that cold
resistance In plants is due to the in
creased water retaining power of the
cells which is marked by decreased
moisture content. As an illustration
remove a hothouse plant to the
ground out of doors without harden
ing it in the cold frame and note the
result as compared with the hard
ened plant when subjected to cold.
Yet the hothouse plant is vigorous.
So to produce cold-resistant fruit
buds we would withhold any treat
ment which would produce rapid and
vigorous growth intadr to check
the tree. E. J W. CARLTON.
The article which the correspond
ent criticisms was not written in de
nial of the value of frost protective
measures, but deprecated exclusive
reliance on them, which as Is well
known has often led prospective
orchardlsts to overlook certain dis
advantages of location and other fac
tors which are even more funda
mental. Undoubtedly orchard heating
is an established practice and Is
profitable In a large number of In
stances. It is also true that the
problem is individual, wherein th
grower must decide for himself be
tween the cost of heating, as offset
by cheaper cultivation on lower, level
ground, by comparison with hillside
situations where there is less frost
but where it costs more to cultivate,
It Is not only, as the correspondent
suggests, a highly technical question
but it Is also one of dollars and cents,
to be determined by the particular
circumstances of each case. An ex
haustive bulletin on the subject, is
sued by the United States department
of agriculture as Farmer's Bulletin
No. 1096 has been written by Floyd
Young, the weather bureau's froBt
expert, and should be consulted by
those who have an interest In the
minutiae of the topic
TWO DHKAMS.
Last year I dreamed a golden dream
Of gardens brlKht and r:ur;
Of sunshine, in a rHdiant n! nam,
That warmed th hummer air;
Of tender, growing shoots., that
gleamed
Where rain-wet sods divide'!
But ah! a knavish cut-worm dn.uiiej
The self-same dream that 1 did.
I sat beside the fireside's plow
And puffed a ciicariMe.
He lay beneath the drifted snow
(I trust) hoth co'd and
And while we heard tho hliza.ml sing
Through months of wiKt-r we:cher,
We walled for the coming vprlr.it.
And dreamed our ilie.uiis toneihcr.
And when tho livelier iris changed
Upon the burnished clove.
When glad returning robins ranged
The woods with sontrs of love.
I turned the matted cardi n S'd
My youth and hinlih renewing.
And he peered out behind a clod
To see what 1 was doing.
My dream, alas! was doomed to fads
Like bubble in the air:
He marked each bed that I had made
And took his supper there!
The moral, which brine not a glss.nl
(To me) of satisfaction.
Is when a worm has had a dream
He backs it up with action!
Inevitable.
The Indications are that the people
of the United States are about to loss
another great strike.
Trouble Averted.
It is fortunate for Internal peace
that the house of representatives,
can't hear what tha president thinks
about It.
(Copyright hy th Bell (hnflVl, Jno.)
Choice.
II y 4. rare E. Hall.
''Let Us not talk of marriage now,
The maiden said.
"Life weaves a gay wreath for my
Drow,
And overhead
The skies are blue the world Is glad
and- gay.
Let us not talk of serious thin
Today."
"Let us not talk of babies now,"
The young bride said.
"Let us but plan for pleasure when
and how
Ere June Is s-ped.
Babes are but burdens Joy calls
every way
Let us not talk of stupid things
Today." "Let us re-live those happy June days
now."
The woman said.
With thinning lock upon her brow.
While overhead
The autumn skies were chill and som
ber and trray
"Let us recall the warmth of smrlnir
Today."
Life, disdainful, laughed and shook
her head:
Don't talk so foolishly, today."
She said.
Land and Appurtenances.
OREGON CITY, April 8. (To the
Editor.) 1. A buys a farm, house,
barn, etc. With the sale go horses,
chickens, tools, etc. He pays one
third cash down and for balance gives
mortgage. Nothing is said In mort
gage of horses," tools, etc., simply a
description and location of farm and
appurtenances. In case of foreclosure
of mortgage, does A own everything
except what Is mentioned In mort
gage? 2. What Is the meaning of the word
"appurtenances," as applied In law,
mortgages, deeds, etc.?
A SUBSCRIBER.
1. The mortgage does not cover the
livestock, tools, etc.
2. Farm appurtenances are prop
erty appended to or incident to the
land.
Tallest Trees In World.
NEWPORT, Or.. April 10. (To the
Editor.) In The Oregonian, in an
swer to the question, "Burroughs Na
ture Notes gives the prize to the Se
quoias, commonly known as the red
wood, and gives the greatest height
as 340 feet.
Permit me to say that In Victoria,
Australia, in the Dandenong range,
are many trees which far exceed tho
tallest redwood ot the Yosemite val
ley, California. They belong to the
family of eucalypts. The eucalyptus
colossea rises over 400 feet, while
the eucalyptus fissilus, generally
known by the misnomer of messmate,
is still taller.
A giant specimen of the latter
felled by a windstorm on Black spur
measured 81 feet around the grth.
as 480 feet long and 300 feet from
the ground was six feet In diameter.
No monarch of the redwood forest
equaled this giant. B. C. BLACK.
Cold Days In Oregon.
ARLINGTON, Or., April 4. (To the
Editor.) 1. Please inform me on what
day and what was the lowest tem
perature on the coast and also in the
state of Oregon in the last three
years?'
2. What was the coldest day In
Centralia, Wash., from November 1,
1921, to March 1, 1922?
1. On the coast, at Florence, Or.,
December 13, 1919, S degrees above
zero. In Oregon at Blitzen, Harney
county, December 12, 1919, 47 degrees
below zero.
2. No Information available here.
Write to the government weather bu
reau at Seattle.
Teaebers In Honolulu.
PORTLAND, April 11. (To the Edi
tor.) To whom should one write for
a position as teacher in Honolulu,
T. H.? What Is the salary paid
teachers? READER.
Write to superintendent of public
instruction, Honolulu,' concerning both
natters.
HOMES ALSO IIVR ST MIA II IIS
They IVeed Protection As Well As
Those of Schools. Says A rlter.
ONTARIO. Or.. Anril 9 fTo the
Editor.) I was much Interested In an
editorial the other day, commentlnn
upon the tax situation In relation to
the public schools. It stated that If
the appropriations wore redueed, the
standards of the schools must ha
lowered.
Some of us taxpayers who have a
hard time making both ends meet
wonder Just how low the standards in
homes must become before the law
will step in and say, "This is no fit
place for a child to live. Henceforth
beds and meals will be provided for
your children at school and proper
resorts for their vacations. Here
after, honorable parent, all you do is
foot the bills."
Yes, I think If taxes get much Mich-
er and If economizing means lowering
of standards. It will come to Just that.
Well, I may be rushing Into print
where angels ought to fear to tread,
but while we are striving so hard to
make both ends meet In this matter
of rapid growth In our sc hools, would
it not be well to Investigate as to
how much Is actual growth and how
much Is merely swelling. It would be
equally difficult to make both ends
meet in either case.
Our local paper stated not long age
that our high school la equal to the
universities of 20 years tin. If that
has been our growth in ths last 20
years, what will tha next 20 bring
forth? Even Einstein may coma to
take a post graduate course,. It Is
true the "laity" are beginning to feel
a little hostile toward the "frills" In
education, 'but what does It avail tha
farmer to send his son to hlcli school
to take a course In agriculture If ha
must return to tha soil and be a
drudging peasant the balance of hi
days paying taxes to educate mora
drudges?
If I stopped hera you would think
mo as pessimistic as this sounds, but
happily the pendulum s wink' a both
ways. The value of a real education
Is to tha mentally developed as re
ligion Is to those who possess It
something that money cannot buy,
that economy cannot decrease nor ex
pensive gymnasium equipment pro
mote. It Is something not to ba con
fused with vocational training. Im
portant as that may be.
When parents and teachers them
selves place this valuation on mental
training Instead of the "get a good
education so you won't have to work
like your parents" Idea, we may be
come an educated nation.
In my opinion, this Is what a'.ls tha
public school today. While a itreat
deal of time Is spent preparing tha
soil and applying fertilizer, and tha
most up-to-date and expensive ma
chinery Is purchased for harvesting
the crop, the seed Is orten overlooked
and may never be planted at all.
Henco so much barren (remind
A SAGKHKL'Siriin.
Kdncnllon In Oreaon.
RTAXKIKLD, Or., April 9 (Tn tha
Editor.) ID Was tho Monmoulh
Normal school closed for nped of
funds in fhe last 21 years? (2) Wh'ch
has the highest standard. University
of Oregon. Oregon Agricultural col
lege or Heed college? (3) l Har
vard and Yale accept credits fn.m
these colleges? (4) Has tha legisla
ture ever appropriated funds to (ox
ters' schools and to St. Helen's tia!l?
1. The Monmouth Normal school
was closed for a period prior to the
election of 1910, at which titno th')
people voted funds for Its coni'r- i
uance, Tho legislature In 19"'' had
denied appropriations to all not nwl
schools.
2. We know of no comparative
standard.
3. Yes.
4. In the early days In Orett.in be
fore a constitution was adopted and
when there were no state. Institutions.
state funds Were employed In some
Instances for education of students In
denominational schools. State aid to
ny religious or theological Institu
tion is prohibited by tha constitution