THE MORNING pREGONIAN, TUESDAY, APRIIi 4, 1923 i rABI.I8HKI BY HKNRY 1- PITTOCK. bllshed by Tha Oregonian Publishing Co. 135 Sixth Street, Portland. Oregon. MOKDEN, K. B. PIPER. Manaser. Editor. ' The Oregonian is a member of the Asso- lated CTess. The Associated press is ex clusively entitled to the use for publication f ail news dispatches credited to H or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Subscription Rates Invariably 1a Advance. (By MalL) Daily, Sunday Included, one year. . .j. IS. 00 .. Tai!y, Sunday Included, six months. . 4.25 Daily, Sunday Included, three months. 2.25 Dally, Sunday included, one month 75 taily, without Sunday, one year ; 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months.,.. 3.25 ' Daily, without Sunday, one month 60 Sunday, one year 2.50 " (By Carrier.) 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JOFTHJS. - Portland welcomes Marshal Joffra -because, both as a man and as a sol- filer, ho inspires love and admlra- ZTtion. It pays tribute to him as 11 Frenchman because he personifies that militant, confident, defiant spirit -which Inspired France to meet and hurl back the invader. , As the II tremendous events in which he was ZTthe chief actor retire farther into "time's perspective, we realize more fully that his military genius, his de- - votion, the firmness in retreat and the fire and persistence in attack .."1. which he instilled into his army saved the world from despotic 'rule. When "the day" arrived Jn 1914 the only power that could stop the -onrush of the Germans was the . i French army, for the huge army of -c.. Russia was not yet ready and the ,.; forces which Great Britain and Bel gium could then put in tne field -. were insignificant. France did not flinch. In harmony with French traditions, Joffre took the offensive - at the outset and made his main at ,.tack in Lorraine. Having had four .,, days start in mobilization, Germany ... drove the French army across the frontier. .Joffre had weakened his - - army at that point to send forces to . Charleroi to support the Belgians and to link tip his line with the British, , and with a view of making his print cipal effort in the Aorth. On August 21 he attacked again, both in the center near Nancy and on the left. Lanrezac permitted the Germans to cross the Sambre and fell back, ex posing the flank of the British and compelling- them to retreat in order to escape encirclement by the far superior enemy. Serious reverses befell the French in the center on -August 82 and this, followed by de feat at Mons and Charleroi on the 22nd and 23rd wrecked the whole -plan. Joffre in his official review of the campaign thus stated the1 situ ation on August 24: Either our frontier had to be defended "on the spot under conditions whfch the British retreat rendered extremely peril--ous or we had to execute a strategic re tirement which, while delivering up to the enemy a part of the national soil, would permit us on the other hand to -resume the offensive at our own time with a favolrable disposition of troops, still In "t.act, which we had at our command.' The ' rer.eral-in-cbif'f determined on the second alternative. That was one of the most momen tous decisions that iy man was ever called upon to make, and only a man . of strong character, confident not only in himself but in his army and the nation behind that army, could have made it. Holding the Germans firmly from Verdun through Lor raine and along the Vosges, he swung his great army from north to south on that pivot. He thus aban doned the richest industrial district and the Champagne wine country to the exultant Germans, who marked their advance by many acts of ter- rorism. It was a fighting retreat, for both French and British fre quently turned on the pursuing Ger mans and by severe punishment compelled them to keep their dis tance. But for two terrible weeks the nations; both allied and neutral, watched in agonized suspense and, fearing that Paris would again fali into the hands of Germany, saw with consternation the French govern ment flee to Bordeaux. The German plan was to' send Von Kluck's army on the right around . the allied left, cutting it off from Paris, to smash through the barrier which the French had formed on the Grand Couronne of Nancy and pour through in the French rear, cuttipg them off from supplies and rein- forcements, and to tear a gap in the French center in Champagne, reach the rear of both broken wings, en velop them and force their capitula tion. If that plan had succeeded, the French army would have ceased to exist, the kaiser would have made good his boast that he would eat dinner in Paris six weeks after the war began, and no Vower would have remained capable of withstand ing the might of the central empires A terrific onslaught by the Ger- - mans on the Grand Couronne con tinued from August 28 to September 6 and ended in their utter rout. Thus one part of their plan failed. On September 4 Joffre ordered Mau noury"s army to attack Von Kluck's flank, the famous taxicab army from Paris joined it, and Von Kluck, in place of outflanking the allies, found himself in danger of being outflanked. Joffre had already stopped the retreat at the limit he had. set en the 1st and he issued on the evening of the 6th this memor able order for what has been called the greatest battle in history: The hour has come to advance at all costs and to die where you stand rather than give way. Von Kluck began to retreat, fol. . lowed up by the allies, and the Ger Eiu' armies on his left drew back also in line- with him and under heavy attack, but the German center continued to advance till the 9th, hammering Foch back, but, spying - a gap, he drove a wedge through it, routed his opponents and made the retreat general. The Marne was won, and democracy was saved. Those .words "die where you stand . rather than give way" were acted upon by the Belgians on the Yser and by the British and French around Tpres, for they blocked the German road to the channel with their bodies. Again at Verdun, Joffre made the resolve and the plan and sounded the battle cry by which victory was won and the cause of freedom saved. Verdun is described by Gabriel Han otaux as "the tooth piercing the live Mlesh of the foe," for "without Ver dun the German army advancing on Paris could have no free communi cation! with Germany." Therefore tha Germans on February 21, 1916, be gan the battle which raged with scarcely any intermission for six months. Joffre ordered Petain to "hold the right bank of the Meuse, north of Verdun," and added this stern warning: Any commander who gives an" order to retreat win be courtmartiaied. The response of the poilu waa "They shall not pass," and at the cost of hundreds ot thousands of lives Verdun was held. Before the year ended the French had regained the greater part of the ground that they had lost. On August 3, while the battle was still on, Joffre thus announced what French steadfast' ness had accomplished: The great sacrifices which France has supported at Verdun nave given our allies time to buna up tneir resources, nave enabled us to mature our plana and carry them out with perfect appreciation of (he lecesslties ox all rronts. The five months resistance of the Freuca troops at Verdun has shattered the plans of the uerman start and Drougnt us rouna the corner heading for victory. The Marne and Verdun were fought both to save France and to gain time for the allies to gather their forces. They also gained time for the United States to form its resolution and to throw its weight into the scale to win the final vic tory. It is not pleasant to con tern plate what we might have con fronted if Joffre and his soldiers had not won those battles. NOT VET ALARMING. Possibly the Polk County Ob server does not feel so pessimistic as is indicated by its prediction that the initiative will be put to its severest test this year. But It is a morose prophecy, The initiative has gone through some pretty severe tests, if by severe tests one means the quan tity and quality of legislation pre sented to the electorate in one elec tion. It is difficult to conceive of anything seveier in the way of tests than that of 1912. In that year Oregon voters passed on thirty-seven measures fourteen constitutional amendments and twenty-three billa One of the amendments proposed almost a new constitution in itself and covered so many changes that not more than half of them could be mentioned in the legal word limit permitted for ballot titles. There was 6ingle tax, not like we have it now in every election from a feeble group of im practical zealots, but a real cam paign backed by many thousands of dollars from the Fels fund and re inforced by imported speakers and propagandists. In that year the voters also passed on woman suffrage, capital punish ment, prohibition of boycotts, regu lation of public utilities, blue sky legislation, the principle of the in come tax, revision of inheritance taxes, establishment of statutory railroad rates, a half-dozen road- building schemes and a variety of less important miscellaneous meas ures. Widespread use of the initiative and referendum reached its peak in 1912. Since then the biennial sub missions have decreased to as low a number as seven. Numerous meas ures, it is true, are in prospeci this year, single tax is promised again, another experiment in limiting in terest is proposed, the hotel men in tend to initiate a measure to change the public service commission from the elective to the appointive form and another . measure restoring old telephone rates pending investiga tion by the new commission, and there are some other measures per taining to repeal of millage taxes I and other curtailment of taxation in the hazy background. But. an elec torate which passed on thirty-two measures in 1910, thirty-seven in 1912 and twenty-nine in 1914 with out developing a chronic headache may be expected to survive all that is in prospect for 1922. AN EDUCATIONAL, BORDERLAND. Gradually, but with a good deal of certainty, the dividing line between the college of liberal arts and the vo cational school is breaking down. We shall offer no pessimistic com ment, unless it shall transpire that n teaching the young how to make a living we are too palpably neglecting to instruct him how to live. There is a distinction between the two that we would ever bear in mind and yet it ought to be conceded that one who does not know how to make a living is likely to be poor soil in which to plant seeds of culture. The ideal American citizen is a man (or woman) of reasonable efficiency in matters of everyday concern, who combines with a practical common sense the idealism which we , be lieveour critics to the contrary notwithstanding has distinguished our people above all others in the world. We fail to share in consequence of these considerations the dire forebodings of those who see an edu cational mare's nest in .the decision of a New England university to pro vide special courses of study for young students who wish to work in the summer as waiters, bell-boys, porters, clerks and so forth, to earn money to pay their way through col lege. .It is complained that this is properly the function of a trade school, that the humanities ought to be kept apart from vocationalism, lest the former be contaminated by the latter, and that the foundation of culture is best laid in an atmos phere of Its own. Yet it is ttlso ad mitted that even an academic edu cation requires material sustenance, and we can think of no better way to inculcate character, which is one of the prime objects of all educa-. tion, than to fit the pupil so com pletely to meet life's problems that he need not be under obligations to anyone. The self-respect of the col lege boy who is working his way is likely to be enhanced by realization that he knows hia temporary voca tion; indeed, we know of no better method of stimulating craft pride than that which aims to make him a master workman at whatever he un dertakes. " There ia no good reason why .the young student of medieval English, whose dream is of knowing all about our language prior to the time in which Chaucer wrote, should not be taught to wait on table efficiently if he proposes to employ this vehicle to propel him through his middle Eng lish course. It will hardly impair enjoyment of the study of ancient literature for the student to be pro- ficient as a clerk if clerking is to be porting nation, the two industries his vacational avocation. That it has being, of course, intimately associ been thought expedient to impart ated. The number of individuals em knowledge in these adventitious ployed in "maufacturing and me branches within the walls of the col- chanical industries" has increased lege is a matter of administrative from 2,451,000 in 1870 to 12,821,000 detail only. It happens to be con- in 1920, or about five-fold in the venient and time-saving to do it that period in which the whole popula way, that is all. tion was multiplied by three. More- It is probably impossible to retain over, in the same period, the total the cloistered college in the educa- number engaged in trade and trans tion scheme. Just as probably no portation increased from 1,240,000" harm is being done by mingling in- to 7,390,000, or something near six struction in the. business of making fold. The amazing .advancement of a living with the teaching of the art the automobile industry, which has of living. The university need not been among the phenomena of the necessarily abate a jot of its rever- century, is accounted for in the lat ence for the cultural studies, which ter figures. Summarizing, it ia seen are as essential now as they ever were, in its efforts to help its undergradu- tion now ejnploy more than o.uuo, ates achieve economic independence. 000 people, by comparison with only Indeed, it is more likely that the 3,697,000 in 1870, while farming en humanities will gain in the long run gaged the attention of less than by the innovation. The plan is open double the number so employed half to none of the objections to the a century ago. . nurelv vocational school, which , It is the function of census takers wholly neglects the polite branches in the attempt to grind out super- ficiallv efficient but badly balanced workers Jn the shortest possible space of time. The manifestation ot a Snostly presence at Brentwood in the Port land suburb is not altogether satis factory. It ought to be generally agreed, and we think it is, that as a rule, Oregon ghosts are fully as en. terprising as Oregonians in the flesh. Yet here la presumably foruana 50031 Piayius socoxxu i u " first page to the ghost of a hamlet in eastern Canada. . Oregon prides it self on being first in every great movement. Why should our ghosts throw us down? Besides, the Brent wogB saosi IS nut even Olismai. . i i : , rm,. one at Antigonish set numerous fires and braided horses' tails. One down in California has been throwing rocks on a warehouse in broad day light. Yet here is a ghost in Port land doing nothing more original than the old stuff of rapping on the walls and tapping on the door. It is time that self-respecting ghosts wholly abandoned rapping and other house noises for something better. . The noises are so -subject to human imitation that the best qual ity of ghostly efforts is now open to suspicion. There is the small boy's contrivance which consists of a nail "slipped in the siding of the house and a long stout cord attached to the nail. When the far end of i,.,- " . j t ku.j iv. 1 t-.tin i 11 0 livuao iBOUUUua will lay Pings and scrapings more terrifying There are inadvertent imitations also. We know of a Portland man who listened in hia bed in cold sweat for six successive nights to the creak, creak, creak of a heavy person as cending the stairs, and the loud slam of a door that marked the end ot tha manifestation. On the seventh night. reinforced by the presence of his wife, he set watchand discovered that the opening of the bed room windows created a draft which set in motion the bath room door. The door hinges squeaked and the door finally shut. That was all there was to it. These an'd other imitations are doubtless the reasons why the enter prising ghosts of New Brunswick and California have abandoned the practice of rapping. It is hard to believe that a real Portland ghost would be leas up-to-date. We don't believe it. The Brentwood ghost ia unquestionably some astral tender foot, or ignorant immigrant from a low spiritual plane. He is none of our folks. . ' . OCCUPAOTONAI- CHANGES. Farming is clearly no longer the principal vocation of Americans, as it was : in the early days of the re- I public. The census of 1920, now available for analysis, indicates that I the country passed the zenith ten. years ago in this regard, for. there were 12,659,000 persons engaged in agricultural labor in 1910 the high- water mark up to that time while only 10,950,000 were so employed in 1920. The latter figure is only slightly greater than that for 1900 when the population of the United States was a little more than 75,000, 000. An increase of about 30,000,- 000 in the pastwenty years has not in otner svoraa Deen auenaea oy any increase in the number of people en gaged in raising the food crops of the country. Comparison with 1870 is even mpre striking. " The popula tion of the United States fifty years ago was 38,558,000, and it had in creased to almost three-fold, or 105,- ,1,.,' 710,000 by 1920, though me cvti y una i nmW nf for mora wan onlv ni .k hki The fieures bv themselves need not necessarily be disturbing. The mnvament nf nonnlation awav from I the farms is ominous only so far as it presages a time when too few will remain on the land to feed the popu- lation as a whole. It is well known that certain epochal inventions have set free large numbers of hands who formerly would have been required for food production, anls has not that Judge McGinn will be general been true, however, as to the past chairman of the ceremonies attend twenly years. The tractor has con- in(r the unveiling of the statue of stituted the only important contrlbu- tion to farm machinery in recent years and it has savea ine laDor or riorses ratner man or men. , ine poin made by economists who have studied the census figures is that the proportion of 10 per cent of the population employed in tilling the sojl is very near the minimum of safety under present conditions of development . of farm machinery. Either a revolutionary invention or a noteworthy back - to - the - land movement will be needed to restore the balance. Neither appears on the horizon at the present time. Another labor group that shows a marKed decrease is described under the heading, "Domestic and personal service." The total number of persons over ten years old who were so employed declined from 3,- I 772,000 to 3,400,000 in the decade from 1910 to 1920. In the period in which the total population increased vy uca.njr .,v..-,Uvv, m umucr vi avanaDie servants Decreased oy some 372,000, a rate of decline which would presage the entire disappear ance of the Ijlred girl in something less than a century. Here, however. some account may be taken of our I changing mode of life. More people live in hotels, whose employes are not included in the personal ser- vicft" lasifiatinn. Anil mnrA nt at Uujit. Dart of their meals in rwrtanr. ants. The total number of homes has not decreased, which shows that a larger proportion of housewives are doing their work than in any period for which comparative fig- I ures are available. We are rapidly becoming preeml- I nentiy a manufacturing and a trans- I that manufacturing and transporta- I only to record the facts. Solutions of tne proDiems iney reveai wm do ai most as numerous as tne numDer or I persons figuring on them. The fact that stands out is that future growth of manufacturing would seem to de labor lfiaua wiu press for TOri OU9 solution. TM MIGRANTS AND THE FARM Professor John B. Clark of Co lumbia points out one of the reasons wiy tte naturo or the immigration Uroblem for the United States changing with the years. It is that whereas a third or a half a century ago there was plenty of cheap land In the country, attractive to immi grants, who came primarily to en I 1 ..lt lnnrla sr. now , v.(, Trm comparatively high-priced. Farmers are essentialy home builders, ana so rural homes sprang up under the old order. Being habituated by early practice to thrift and saving. the newcomers worked hard and conserved their resources. The col onies established by the foreign born were not infrequently models of their kind With the passing of cheap land the opportunity passed for those who were primarily agricultural in their habits. The succeeding immigrations came from countries overflowing with untrained labor, which on its arrival in America sought employ ment in large industrial centers. The suggestion is obvious that the abate , . . . . rather than abroad. It is probably true, how ever, that both lonsiderations were influential. The economic situation of the farmer of Europe improved greatly in the decade immediately prior to the world war. "There is far more likeness," says Professor Clark, "between different branches of the European family than there is between the economic conditions Jnto which immigrants came in the third quarter of the last 1 Intn wVilotl t V. O r - '""f- k tween then and now only makes the immigration problem more impor tant. Formerly it was pretty safe to put the immigrant in the way of ac quiring land and then trjist to fate to take care of him, but a new situ' ation arises both from the changing character of Immigration and the new tendency to create, slums in cities, and the contrast between the alien farmer in a new country, ai ways busily employed, and . the in dustrial laborer, frequently out of work, are apparent. i Year after year, Massachusetts can be depended upon for a heavy snow about the first of April as a fini8k 0r winter. After . that the crocuses "croka" ,and the arbutus trails into sight and spring is on, This is a legacy from the Pilgrims, wio established the weather when they got off the Rock, and the men fryIXL the commonwealth who have pioneered into all sections of the earth look for it in their daily news. The arm-chair personnel at the national capital is checked for gar rison duty. If there be politics in this, and the charge will be made if it can be hung on anything or any body, those concerned probably will be found to have been commissioned from civil life. The "6 o'clock burglar," whose capture ia credit to the officers who have been trailing him, had enough "soup" in his possession to blow a big hole in the. heart of the city. A , . , , , , Ol tuat miu uumu Uc.um,a., until death removes him. Just - word to the regulators or vigilantes or whatever they call theniselvea at Medf ord. A negro bootlegger is no worse than a white one and exception should- not De made. It is not ethics in the north to "pick on a nigger. It is in accord with eternal fitness Roosevelt. Theirs was a friendship that could be dissolved only by the passing of either. The state superintendent of bank ing thinks Oregon has enough of those institutions for awhile. So it seems; but this should not deter mine against the town that has none but has the business necessary. In the matter of auto parka for this summer, the city which fur- nisnes much to the tourist find Keeps UP his surroundings is - justified in mawng nominal charge; m ract, iooimn " no "bl A man who declines appointment to the supreme court because he pre fers his work on the circuit bench can be kept on the job to the su preme satisfaction of the voter. Thousands, or railroad men are iai9i naturally, following the miners strike. The falling brick starts the row tumbling. Abe Evans, under death sentence, ia so anxious to be hanged he cannot refrain from being his own hang man. A century hence descendants of People who saw Lafayette will be teuule tne goitre cnapter. Joffre was not a "rock of the Marne." He was a big boulder, Not even an April shower today, Mr. Wells. Think who's here. The Listening Post. By DeWitt Harry. pOME local business men, who al O ready have capital invested in Alaska, are now. backing a clam and crab .cannery. There is a good de roand for sea foods of this character and Alaska has the raw materials, ac cording to one of them. It appears that a great deal of the crab meat now being sold in cans in this coun try is imported from Japan and adorned with American labels. The same was said to be true to a limited extent in regard to clams. Clam can neries operating on the north Pacific coast have been hampered by an in sufficient supply of the bivalves. Crabs' are too limited in extent here to nav a cannery to operate with their meat. In Alaska all is different. The crabs and clams grow to a tremen dous size. Ordinary deep sea crabs weigh around 20 pounds each, and tales of the real big ones are start ling. Native boatmen have brought some tremendous stories of thrilling ad ventures to shore after trips around the many Islands of that section of the north. They tell of seeing seals disappear and of the huge claws of the crabs reaching out for whales who retreat and hold their armored enemies at bay by directing their snouts at the crabs. Some of the stories of fights on the ice between the orabs and huge tusked walrus 'or polar bear are worthy of a. real ro mancer. - Mysterious disappearances of cattle browsing along the coast, of dogs, of pigs and sheep have been attributed to the big crabs and another story deals with a fight that a husky dog put up against one of the shell-f teh, how the fierce wolf strains came to the surface in the battle and the dog managed to twist one of the sea monster's legs off before his master saw him borne out into the eurf, help less in the great claws, and then held under the surface until drowned. The clams there are often a foot or mora across and weigh 10 and 12 pounds. This then is the material the canners have on which to base their efforts, and they expect to make the game a success. The etorlea have a breath of the at mosphere of Nova Scotia and the great embarkation camps near Hali fax when the Canadian contingent was being rushed to France. The boys used to complain of their loss of sleep on aocount of the herring, and swore that the fish would swim out on the sea on the heavy fogs at night and roost on the trees and clash their tails and fine together like cymbals. It might be that eome one could suggest an anthem for the Alaska crab-clam adventurers along the line of the Nova Scotia song: Show me the Novie who don't ' like his herring, Show nt the Novie who don't like his booze. Show rae the true son of old Nova Scotia Whd hasn't some blue on the end of his nose. Escalator etiquette now comes in for its innings, just when the revolv ing door problem seems to have been solved to a certain degree. With ev ery innovation of modern civilisation it seems that some dispute will crop up regarding the proper procedure until some precedent Is established. Now the rule in the man's world is take your turn" and the women's rule is ladies first." When they clash, nowadays especially that wom en are on an equal footing with men, if not ahead in many things, what rule is to govern? In the line at the escalator the women walk to the head of the line, adhering to their old es tablished rule. An escalator is pure ly a business affair, a time-eaving de vice that some hurried business man or clerk may be using who has only moments to spare instead of unlimited time. It's a weighty problem, but it would seem presumptuous for any writer to attempt to establish arule of conduct. We all may have our own opinions. - . The doughnut can convey a mes sage as well as the rose. This state ment is made in confidence, for the young fellow who received the dough nut does not want it to go too far. The doughnut cannot go any further, as its course is already run, but it was a gift from one of the white-clad girls iwho tends counter in a factory where 'they mold and boil the crisp; fried cakes. A doughnut proferred in the right spirit and th just the right amount of smile has an added flavor. This is not written with the idea of causing a run on this dough nut stand, but the white-clad girl ia there and she has lots of doughnuts on hand. The girls were discussing a friend lately married. Do you think she's happy?" asked the first with hated breath. I'll say she is. Why, 'that girl is o happily married she has to go to a theater for a good cry." SPRING. What mystery glides along the wind tonignt. That lends enchantment to the quiet SKy, And lingers in that farthest haze of light A star whose ray seems like a sil ver sigh? Why does dusk fall In" warm, pale clouds, tonight? The distant hills are blue and faintly tresn, 'Am when young leaves first taste the morning dew. Now night has caught life in her violet mesn, And something that is mystery te ll new , watch for morn, But Spring comes on apace. KATHKTN EASTHAM. Opera Tenor in Previous Season. PORTLAND, April 3. (To the Edi tor.) Kindly tell me (l).who were the leading tenors with the Chicago Opera company on their last visit to Portland, several years ago? (2) Where is Salazar this season? APPRECIATIVE SUBSCRIBER. 1. Otto Marak, Amadeo Bassi, Giorgini and Leon Campagnola, . who sang in this city April, 1914-. 2. The Musical Courier, New Tork city, stated about a month ago that Manuel Salazar, dramatic tenor, had just sung at the Metropolitan opera house. Order of Authority Cnansjea. Washington, D. C, Star. Is your wife the boss of your household?" 'She is, answered Mr. Meekton; now that the hired girt has left." Those Who Come and Go. Tales of Folka at the Hotel. "Every house at Garibaldi is occu pied and more are needed to meet the diemand. A department store at Tilla mook intends putting in a branch at Garibaldi, and a hardware store will open a branch. We now have two restaurants where there were none before. The town looks good." re ports Walter Reed, who bungalows in the vicinity of Garibaldi. "The big mill is operating, getting out lumber for itself with which to build wharves and the like, and in two or three months it will be going full blast and employing hundreds of men. The company will get out its own logs, bringing them into Idaville on Its own railroad, saw them up at the b'g mill and ship them to sea ove its own docks. All the activity' at Garibaldi is centered around' the saw mill company, and this is why the lit tie hamlet is srrowiner so rapidly. few years ago Garibaldi consisted of nothing but a salmon cannery and general store, and about the only way to get from Garibaldi to Tillamook was by steam launches or fishing boats. Now there is a good highway, and a constant stream of automobiles and jitneys are passing between Til lamook and Garibaldi." Mr. Reed was formerly in the theatrical business in Portland, but has been, living in a beautiful bungalow on the coast for the past few years. Every loan made by the war finance corporation in the vicinity of Parma, Idaho, has to be approved by F. IS Fisk, who arrived at the Perkins yes terday. Mr. Fisk knows the country and the sheep and cattle game, and he isn t a chap that could be fooled into counting the same band of sheep twice. Those acquainted with his operations declare that there will never be any scandal connected with the loans jnade on his O. K. . Mr Fisk is a banker at Parma and is here to attend a meeting of govern ment' officials, but that didn t inter fere with his bringing down a ship ment of livestock. While no large amount of money waa placed in Idaho by the government, enough was scat' tered around to relieve the situation and save many men from going broke, With excellent prospects for a fine wheat and fruit year, -sheep and wool and cattle looking up, the completion of the Columbia river highway and contracts on The Dalles-California highway being advertised, The Dalles looks like a good place to live, ac cording to Tom West, who is at the Imperial. People of The Dalles, says Mr. West, have taken up golf with enthusiasm. A few townsmen have subscribed $15,000 to purchase grounds and build a clubhouse, and experts hired to lay out the course declare that it is the finest natural golf ground in the country. Some 35 years ago Thompson Scog- gin and L. P. Quimby were rivals in producing and developing fast race horses in the Fossil country. Now Mr. Scoggin, who is a nephew of the former Portland councilman of that name, is flat on his back in Good Samaritan hospital, recovering from an operation. Mr. Quimby and Mr. Scoggin ran a lot of the old races all over again the other day when Mr. Quimby called on the patient. Mrs. Scoggin, who came down from Fossil to help nurse her husband, took an active part in the reminiscences. Al Hendriksen of Cecil and his brother George of Willow creek, postofflce Arlington, are at the Hotel Oregon. They came to town to at tend the golden wedding anniversary of their parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. Hendriksen of this city. Mr. Hen driksen of Cecil declares that the livestock business would have been in bad shape this winter if there hadn't been so much hay,' practically a two-year stock being on hand. The grass is slow in coming, although the weather is milder than it is here in Portland. H. V. Dunlap of Moscow says that the people of northern Idaho will be disappointed if Portland does not have the 1925 exposition, as extensive plans were made to put that part of taano on the map during the fair. Already plans are under way for a motion picture story of that section showing the great wheat fields and other industries which would attract the prospective settler. Mr. Dunlap -s registerea at tne Multnomah. 'We have an abundance of hay in Idaho," says Fred Harrington of Caldwell, Idaho, at the Perkins. "One reason is tnat tne hay cannot be shipped out .because some of the al- raiia in the state Is Infested with weevil. There is no weevil in the hay in our district, but the embargo is placed on all the hay in the state." Mr. Harrington brought two carloads of cattle to Portland and shipped two carloads of hogs to Seattle. George Huntington Currey, editor or the Herald, at Baker, arrived at the Imperial yesterday on a political mission. Mr. Currey says that the now has practically disappeared from the hills around Baker and that the tock has weathered the winter in good condition, thanks to the hay sup ply which was large when the winter opened. Spring Chinook, the finest food fish in -the world, are in the Columbia river, according to John Larson, dep uty fish warden, who is in town from Astoria. Mr. Larson has been on the river as a fisherman or a 'deputy warden for more than 35 years and is known to every man and boy in terested in fishing. Arthur L. Bramwell. of the desk staff at the Hotel Portland, was mar ried Saturday night to Miss Adeline C. Alorris of this city at the First Congregational church. Mr. Bram well Is a son of F. S. Bramwell of Grants Pass, and a brother of 'R state superintendent of banks. Nick Baatz of Great Falls, Mont, Is at the Multnomah. Mr. Baatz has a bottling works in Great Falls, the contents of the bottles being soft drinks. C. A. Leinenweber, who has been a member of the city council of Astoria for so many years that no one can keep track of them, is in Portland. R. 3. Moore of the Yamhill Electrie Co., and the Tualatin Electric com pany, was in the city yesterday on business. Elijah D. Thompson "of Burley, Idaho, is an arrival at the Perkins with Mrs. Thompson. He is a stock man. Ed Slayton of Prineville, a stock man. Is in the city. Voting on First Papers. SKAMOKAWA. Wash.. April 2. To the Editor.) 1. When Washing ton became a state, a man could vote on his first papers, if he had had them six months. Is that law etill in existence? 2. If a family comes from a foreign land and the father becomes a citizen before the children are of age, are the children citizens? MATT FREDERICKSON. 1. Yes. It is advisable that a per son so qualified get an opinion from the attorney-general for presentation at the polls, as his vote may otherwise be refused by an uninformed election board - ' 2. Tea. Burroughs, Nature Club. Copyright, Houghton-Mifflin Co. Can Yon Answer These Qnrstionsf 1. To what age does the ordinary domestic goose live? 2. How do toads shed their tails? 3. Does a cow have anything in her mouth when chewing her cud? Answers in tomorrow's nature notes. Answers te Previous Questions. 1. If minnows are caught by acci dent in fishing, should they be killed? By no means. They live on the wrigglers of mosquitoes and are use ful checks on this pest. Gold fishes, sunfishes and sticklebacks also eat wrigglers, and are valuable in ponds that cannot be coated with oil to check the insect. - 2. What variety of trees grows tallest? Probably the sequoias, the eem pervirens, or redwood, and the Wel lingtonia, or "big tree" take the prize for stature. Specimens of the former are known 340 feet high or the latter 320 feet. These trees are now found only in a small area. The tall tree of lumber possibilities is the Douglas spruce of the northwest coast region. Also called red fir. 3. Can wild geese or any wild bird flying south for the winter become loet, especially on a clear day? We noticed- some that wandered around and acted lost. Possibly the leader had been shot, and the flock was temporarily con fused and disorganised. But seeing wild geese not in the common wedge shape flock is not a proof they have lost their leader, as they sometimej fly In more straggling formation. In fog or storm they are likely to loss their way and wander somewhat. NOT QUALIFIED TO REPROACH Vonnsr Men Who Criticise Flapper Need to Ebcamlne Themselves. PORTLAND, April 3. (To the Editor.) After reading an article in The Oregonian, orlg'nally published in a Las Vegas, N. M., paper, stat ing that the boys of the town of Mosquero. Harding county, N. M, have organized with the Intention of eliminating the so-called "flapper" from the matrimonial race, I am prompted to voice my sentiments. I am 24 years old. I have not, as yet, bobbed my hair. However, should I feel so inclined I most sure ly would. I do not roll my hose, un less I find it necessary, and I do not approve of improper dancing. But, It would indeed give me great pleas ure to see the young man, "eligible to take unto himself a wife," who is so far above reproach as to be able to criticise or voice his opinio of ny girl, whether good or bad. My brother is being taught to respect all girla. I hope he never forgets his training, and that he will live up to it. To a certain extent the girls of to day have overstepped certain privi leges granted them that is, some of them have. I, personally, can see no harm in girls' bobbing their hair, nor in their using rouge. The ma jority of us do use it. In my opin ion neither the girls nor the men are harmed. Were we to start crit icising each other there are more serious things to consider. We do not criticise, openly, the lovely sideburns, nor the cunning mustaches, to say nothing of ciga rettes and tobacco in any other form. I do not disapprove of smoking, un less it is harmful in itself. Char acter and personality, mean more to us. We must keep ourselves mor ally clean, and forget these petty foolish ideas, which, after all, are only passing fads. Tne reDruary o, jad, iaUD ui tue Collier's Weekly, would help us all: Zealous folks have told us about the wickedness of many things, whisky, women's dress, the younger generation, theaters, moving pictures. Jazz it's t-pen a thorough Job. But it has lasted a trifle uveriong. this business of makine; our selves happier by making the. world bet ter. What would happen If we turned about and went with equal fervor about the job of making the world happier by making ourselves better? So, young men or Mosquero, 1 would advise that you start on Mr. 'I" before reforming little Miss Fu ture Wife. . P. E. A. REFORMS ARE ALL BOOMERANGS Writer Would Now Rather See Cor poration Than Politician in Charare. MAPLE LANE, Or., April 2. (To the Editor.) I was much impressed by two contributions to Tho Oregon ian signed by Earnest Teightwod. His suggestion for a "holiday" in taxation comes close to my purse and gizzard. It is also about the only logical plan of relief. All "reforms" so far are boom erangs. Prohibition was to reduce taxes. Then the 6 per cent limitation swindle was an open fraud, but the majority fell for it. Income tax caught me about 30 years ago, and as a sort of a simplifying process of levy I supported single tax, though I was not enthusiastic about it. Smashing or "busting" the trust was only another reform of bygone days popular with me until it finally dawned upon my rather obtuse mind that the proper thing to do was to bust" the politicians. I may not. probably will not, enlist you or any one else in uregon in sucn a cause, but so far I care for no other pro gramme. Give the politicians a vacation, only make it indefinite. "Can't be done," is the usual argument and is to all appearances correct. However, that is the only solution T can see. Abolish taxation, starve the political leeches. Let ua have less noise in this re sourceful land. Our politicians, alias "statesmen," are only "clogs upon the wheels of time" and Industry, peace and plenty. I would rather turn the affairs of human welfare In this land over to the head of someone or the heads of all the great trusts, . e., industrial corporations, than any political gang of noisemakers ever sticking about the treasury department in state or nation. In other words, if I could enlist the corporations in an honest move to abolish the politicians I would feel like starting out as an agitator. JOHN F. STARK. Seaport and Government. ALBANY, Or., April 2. (To the Editor.) (1) Is London a seaport? Is Portland a seaport? In our geography class we have a difference of opinion concerning a city situated several miles up a navigable river and a city directly on a harbor, such as San Francisco. (2) What Is the Russian capital at present? (3) Can Russia be classified as to form of govern ment? (4) Are the Baltic states in dependent as yet? GEOGRAPHY CLASS. 1. Any port, harbor or town accessi ble to sea-going vessels is a sea port. Portland and London are sea ports. 2. Moscow. 3. - The term "soviet," recently ad mitted to languages' other than Rus sian, is broad enough in its common application to designate a form of government. - . 4. Yes. More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. A DIFKERl:CE. We sniffed In the breath of the on shore wind. In the days that are dead and gone. Myrrh from Persia and spice from Ind And camphor from far Ceylon. The fragrance of roses from Tripoli Perfumed our western shore But those are the days that are long gone by. The time that shall come no more. We pictured the crew In the bright array Of the natives of land afar. As the bark climbed over the break ers gray And hauled for the foam-flecked bar. We listened for songa, ia a wild strange tongue. Of the land of the heart's desire. The chantey that seamen have al ways aung Since Homer smote hia lyre. But what do we sniff in the breeze today When we watch till our ablp come in? What are the scents that come up the bay? Whisky and rum and gin! Ale from Scotland you know the sort Bass' and Qulnnea utout; Burgundy, brandy, champagne and port And the ship still three mil out I And what are the sounds that W hear at night? A voice from a husky throat Cries: "Captain, I see a gleaming light;- Perhaps if a dry-law boat!" Odd scents! Odd sounds! All passing strange. We listen and eniff with awe; For the world has suffered a aad change Because of the Volstead law. Forever and Forever. Life in the United State is just on income tax installment after another. Mistaken. England has warned Ireland that Internal fighting must oeasa. And Irishmen fondly fancied that they were free! In Other Days. Twenty-Five Yearn Ars. Prom The Oregonian of April 4. iB7. Salt Lake. The westbound through passenger train on the Oregon Short Line was ditched this morning and one man was killed and seven per sons injured. Berlin. The new emigration bill presented to the rclchstag today states tho settled policy of henceforth directing emigration elsewhere than to the, United States. Commencing yesterday morning the weather bureau in this city started to furnish logotype weather reports to the hotels and business houses. An improved Ice -making machine has been Invented which, It Is said, will permit making artificial Ire cheaper than natural ice can be cut and stored. Fifty Year Ago. From Tho Oregonian of April 4. 1873 The schedule time on the mall route from Portland to Corvallla. via La fayette, has been shortened from 4H to 24 hours. Vinaigrettes are again coming Into fashion. No woman considers her toilet complete without one and some of them are so large and heavy they could be used either as offensive or The president has appointed Joseph Nimmo to be supervising Inspector general of steamboats. It Is the Intention of planter In the interior of Texas to put In an immense crop of cotton thl Benson. Corbett-Sulllvaa Fla-ht. PORTLAND, April J To the Ed-Itor.)- In The Oregonian March IS. under the title "In Other Day. Twenty-five Yearj Ago," you have this paragraph: "Carson, Nev. Robert Fltzslmmon today became heavyweight champion of the. world, defeating Jamea J. Cor bett in a hard-contested 13-round bat tle." Now I have always been under the Impression that Jame J. Corbett de feated John L. Sullivan March 17 of the same year, 1897. Wlio-ou kindly tell me when J. J. Corbett did defeat John L-. and where? An old friend of mine says that the fight was in 1X93 and I am still of the opinion that it was March 17, 1897. ARNOLD J. ALTMAN. Corbett defeated Sullivan at New Orleans, September 7, 18D3. Liability for Husband' Debts. PORTLAND. April 2. (To th Edi tor.) A own household effect which are in storage In Montana. B, her husband, owe money. A residents of Oregon. C maintains that A" house hold goods can be attached to satisfy B's creditors. C also maintain that B's creditor are not compelled to serve paper on him In Oregon. TWO OREGONIAN BOOSTERS. Under the law of Oregon the wife's property is not liable for the hus band's separate debts, and that I true generally In western states. In this case the law of Montana would govern the right to attach property within the jurisdiction of that state, and The Oregonian cannot undertake, except In a few particular, to gtv specifically the law of states other than Oregon and Washington. Value of Radium. CENTRALIA, Wash., April 2. (To the Editor.) Please state how much radium there Is In the world, also how much it la worth an ounce. L. C. STEPHEN8. We cannot gfve you the present stock of radium In the world. Th United States, which supplies most of the world's radium, produced 34 grams in 1920, or a little more than yie ounce. Radium is worth about 1100,000 a rram. There are I1.10J grams In an ounce, troy. Teacher Get the Joh. Judge. An applicant wa before the school board applying for th position of teacher In the local school. "Do you teach round geography or flat geography?" queried the head of trustees. "I am prepared to teach either, came the reply. He got th job. Name of Sir Harry' Ktlek. ROSEBURG, Or., April 2 (To the Editor.) Please tell me the correct name for the crooked stick or can carried by Sir Harry Lauder. A READER. The Scotch sometimes call a rud walking stick a "kent."