f
TIIE MORNING OREGOXIAN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1, 1922
HiDIIOOTLIS
SHIP SUBSIDIES
$15,000,000 Is Estimate of
Next Year's Cost.
TWO BILLS INTRODUCED
Plan of Operation of Merchant Ves
sels by Government Is Held
, Fundamentally AVi-ong.
(Continued From First Page.)
PRESIDENT HARDING ADVOCATES AID FOR AMERICAN
MERCHANT MARINE IN ADDRESS BEFORE .CONGRESS
Nation's Executive Proposes Ship Subsidy of $32,000,000 Annually to be Paid to Owners of American Ships Engaged in Foreign Trade
of Rebuilding and Keeping United States Craft Upon Seas Is Strongly Set Forth.
-Need
special circumstances where it was
considered desirable.
The president also reiterated hia
approval of the Great Lakes-St. Law
rence waterway project. The audi
ence i-ose and applauded at length
when he entered and left the house
chamber.
The audience, however, was consid
ered the smallest either Mr. Harding:
or ex-President Wilson had addressed
pn similar occasions. Delay in dis
vributing tickets of admission wai
reported as one cause of this.
jr. The cost of this programme next
J Jrt 1 won CE LUIlilieU iy lilt picoiuciH
tl5.000.000, with about $30,000,000
s the ultimate maximum. The plan,
vne presiuent saiu, wouiu uiiijui&ieio'
Vake the government out of a busi
rtess which has been excessively
ostly and wasteful and Involving a
oss in - excess of the highest sub
ysidy proposed."
Applaune la Vigorous.
The audience applauded vigorously
when the executive declared America
had "the aspiration, yea, the deter
mination, to establish a merchant
marine commensurate with our com
mercial experience."
The experiment of government op
eration, the president said, had heen
very costly.
"Much has been learned, to be sure.
he added, "but the outstanding les
son is that the government cannot
profitably manage our mechant ship-
Ding.
The president said that every mem
ber of the shipping board indorsed
the administration programme. Ite
publican leaders in both branches of
congress said also that it naa me
general indorsement of the dominant
party membership. Members of the
senate , and house committee were
said to have agreed to the general
principles outlined by the president.
This. reDublican leaders saia, proD
ahlv would operate to expedite the
legislation.
Democrats Form Opposition.
Democratic opposition to the sub
sidv orooosal. however, developed im
mediately, and Senator Fletcher, dem
ocrat. Florida, former chairman ana
ranking minority member or tne sen
ate commerce committee. Issued I
statement announcing opposition.
"There i3 no need for subsidies, in
my opinion," said Senator t'letcner.
"I would, however, favor the govern
ment furnishing insurance to our own
and private American ships at prac
tically cost. My inclination has been
against any direct subsidy."
Other democratic senators also de
clared their opposition to a subsidy,
but many said they desired to study
the administration programme care
fully before determining their posi
tion. Some republicans also expressed
themselves as inclined to oppose a
subsidy. These included members of
the agricultural bloc. Senator Norris,
republican, Nebraska, chairman of the
agricultural committee, said that in
preference to a subsidy he would turn
over the government's ships to the
Panama Railroad company, a govern
ment concern. This suggestion was
also indorsed by Senator Fletcher.
Consideration by the house mer
chant marine committee of the legis
lation will not begin for a week or
ten days, said Crairman Greene of
Massachusetts, who introduced the ad
ministration bill in the house after
the president's address. He pre
dicted the measure would be reported
to the ahouse, probably with some
modifications, within a short time.
USE OF PliAX iS PREDICTED
Jjasker Predicts That Congress
,. Will Adopt Proposal.
NEW YORK, Feb. 28. Adoption of
President Hardiing's ship subsidy plan
at the present session of congress was
jwedioted today by Chairman Lasker
of the United States shipping board.
The plan, while entirely the presi
dent' idea, has unanimous approval
of shipping board members republi
can, and democrat Mr. Ijasker said,
and he expressed confidence it would
find an easy majority in both houses
of congress.
Mr. Lasker said there would be lit
tle difficulty in disposing of the gov
.ernmeint -owned ships once the sub
sidy bill was put through. Overtures
already have been made for the ships
operated by the United States ship
ping board, he said, wniie Jfacuic
coast interests are ready to take over
a good share of the tonnage.
Waterway Project Indorsed.
WASHIXQTON, D. C, Feb. 28. In
dorsement of the proposed Great
Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway .project
was given by President Harding to
day in his address to congress on
ship subsidy. The president touched
upon the waterway project in the
course of his discussion of an awak
ened interest in water transportation.
T
I-
than 12,000,000 gross tonnage, not
counting the folly of the wood con
struction at a total outlay of approx
imately $3,500,000,000.
Large Fleet Is Acquired.
We became possessed of the vessels
of a great merchant marine, not all
of It practical for use In the trans
oceanic trades; little of it was built
for the speed which gives the coveted
class to outstanding service. But
here was vast tonnage for cargo
service; and the government, in the
exceptional call for commerce which
immediately followed the war, sought
the establishment of shipping lines in
every direction calculated to enhance
our foreign trade and further cement
our friendly relations.
The movement lacked In most cases
that inherent essential to success
which is found in individual initi
ative. It wa9 rather a government
experiment, where lines were estab
lished in high hope and little assur
ance, because the public treasury was
to bear the burden. There was tha
mere suggestion of private enterprise,
inasmuch as allocations and charters
were made under which privato man
agement was to share in profits and
private interests were paid to make
the experiment, though the govern
ment was to bear all the losses. I
forbear the detailed recital. The mis
adventure was so unfortunate that
when, the present administration came
into responsibility the losses were ap
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WASHINGTON, D. C, Feb. 28. i
(By the Associated Press.)
The text of President Hard-1
ing's address to congress today on
government aid for the American
merchant marine .follows:
Members of Congress When ad
dressing the congress last December
I reported to you the failure of the
executive to carry out the intent of
certain features of the merchant ma
rine act of 1920. notably the provision
for the notice of cancellation of all
commercial treaties which hmderea
our grant of ; discriminating' duties on
imports brought to our shores iri
American ships. There was no doubt
about the high purpose of congress
to apply this proven practice to the
upbuilding of our merchant marine.
It had proved most effective in the
earlier days of ' American shipping,
it had, at various times, demonstrated
its effectiveness in the upbuilding of
commercial shipping for other nations.
The success of the earlier practice
for this republio came at a time when
we had few treaties, when our com
merce was little developed.
Way to Aid Shipping Sought.
Its supersedure by reciprocity In
shipping regulations and the adoption
of other methods of upbuilding mer
chant marines through various forms
of government aid, and tne century of
negotiation of commercial treaties, all
combined to develop a situation which
should lead to endless embarrass
ment if we denounced ouV treaties.
We should not only be quite alone In
supporting a policy long since super
seded through the growing intimacy
of International relationships, but we
should invite the disturbance of those
cordial commercial relations, which
are the first requisite to the expan
sion of our commerce abroad.
Contemplating the readiness of Con
gress to grant a decreased duty on
imports brought to our shores in
American bottoms and facing the em
barrassments incident to readjust
ment of all treaty arrangements it
seemed desirable to find a way of ap
plying suitable aid to our shipping,
which the congress clearly intended,
and at the same time avoid the em
barrassment of our trade, relation
ships abroad.
The recommendation of today Is
based wholly on this commendable
intent of congress. The proposed aid
of the government to its merchant
marine is to hate its chief source in
the duties collected on imports. In
stead of applying the discriminating
duty to the specific cargo, and thus
encouraging only the inbound ship
ment, I propose that we shall collect
all import duties, without discrimi
nation as between American and for
eign bottoms, and apply the hereto
fore proposed reduction to create a
fund for the government's aid to our
merchant 7aarine.
Policy's Effects Are Shown.
By such a programme we shall en
courage not alone the carrying of in
bound cargoes subject to our tariffs,
but we shall strengthen American
ships in the carrying of that greater
inbound tonnage on which no duties
are levied and more important than
these we shall equip our merchant
marine to serve our outbound com
merce, which Is the measure of our
eminence in foreign trade.
It is interesting to note, in connec
tion with the heretofore proposed
pian or discriminating tariffs on im
ports carried to our shores In Ameri
can bottoms, that the value of all
dutiable imports for 1920 in all ves
sels was $1,985,865,000; while the car
goes admitted free of duty, on which
no dJiscnmmation was possible, were
valued at $3,115,958,000.
The actual tonnage comparison Is
even more significant from the view
point of cargo carrying, because the
dutiable cargoes, measured in round
numbers, were 10,000,000 tons, and
the non-dutiable cargoes were 25,000,
000 tons. The larger employment, by
two and a half times, waa in non
dutiable shipments.
Continued trade must be reciprocal.
We cannot long maintain sales where
we do not buy. In the promotion of
these exchanges we should have as
much concern for the promotion of
sales as for the facilitation of our
purchases. There is not a record In
all history of long maintained emi
nence in export trade, except as the
exporting nations developed their
own carrying capacity.
Romantic Side Discnssed.
No story of national development Is
more fascinating or so full of romance
as that of developing capacity for
the exchanges of commerce. Expand
ing civilization may be traced over
the avenues of exchanging cargoes.
No matter how materialistic it may
sound, nations have developed for
themselves and have influenced the
world almost Dreciselv as thev haveihnvA thu asniration. ave.
promoted their commerce. We need i the determination, to establish a mer
not refer to the armed conflicts which 1 chant marine commensurate with our
have been incident thereto. When commercial Importance. Our problem
commerce has been destroyed fading is to turn the ships and our expert
glories have attended. I ence and aspirations into the effective
It will avail nothing to attempt I development of an ocean-going ship
even the briefest resume, of our own ping service, without which there can
eforts to re-establish that American J be no assurance of maintained com
mercial eminence, without which anj
future conflict at arms will send ' us
building again, wildly and extrava
gantly, when the proper concern for
this necessary agency of commerce
in peace will be our guaranty of de
fense in case that peace is disturbed.
Practical Solution Senght.
Out of the story of the making of
great merchant marines and out of
our own experience we ougnt to una
the practical solution. Happily we
are less provincial than we once were;
happily we have come to know how
inseparable are our varied interests.
Nobody pretends any longer that
shipping is a matter ef concern only
to the ports involved. Commerce on
the seas is quite as vital to the great
interior as It is to our coast territory,
east, south or west. Shipping is no
more a sectional interest than is agri
culture or manufacturing.
We have a new manifestation of
this broadened vision in the en
thusiasm of the great middle west for
the proposed . Great Lakes-St. Law
rence waterway, by which it is in
tended to connect the Great Lakes
ports with the marts of the world.
There is far-seeing vision in the
proposal, and this great and com
mendable enterprise, deserving your
favorable consideration, is insepar
able from a great merchant marine.
I When then, is our problem 1 bring
to you the suggestions which have
resulted from a comprehensive study,
which are recommended to me by ev
ery member of the United States ship
ping board. It is a programme of di
rect and indirect aid to shipping to be
conducted by private enterprise. It
is proposed to apply generally the
tenjfits which it was designed to ce
rive from discriminating duties to all
ships engaged In foreign commerce,
with such limitation on remuneration
as will challenge every charge of pro
moting special interests at public
jSt.
Import Duties to Form Fund.
In lieu of discriminating duties On
imports brought to us in American
bottoms it is proposed to take 10 per
cent of all duties collected on Imports
brought to us in American or foreign
bottoms, and create therefrom a mer
chant marine fund.
To this fund shall be added the ton
nage charges, taxes and fees imposed
on vesseis entering the ports of conti
nental United States, also such, sums
SALIENT POINTS IN PRESIDENT'S SHIP.
SUBSIDY PROPOSAL.
Proposed return of merchant marine "to private initi
ative and private enterprise, aided to a conservative sue-cess,-wherein
we are safeguarded against the promotion
of private greed, and do not discourage the hope of profit
able investment, which underlies all successful endeavor,"
The salient points of this proposal are embodied in bills
introduced in each house immediately after the president's
address. - They follow: ,
Aid estimated at $32,000,000 annually, to be provided
for principally by diversion of 10 per cent of the nation's
customs receipts,
Requirement that not more than 50 per cent of the
immigrants to the United States be transported in foreign
ships. '
Sale of the tonnage now held by the shipping board
and use of the funds as a construction loan fund.
Authorization for induction of American merchant
men officers and sailors into the naval reserve with the
attendant allowance in pay.
The president detailed a number of indirect aids, men
tioning in this connection:
Amendment of interstate commerce act to permit
railway systems to own and operate steamship lines en
gaged in other than coastwise trade.
Making effective the section of the merchant marine
act providing for preferential rail and steamship rates on
through shipments on American vessels.
Insurance available at no greater cost than is afforded
ships under foreign flags.
as are payable to American vessels
byhe postoffice department for the
transportation by water of foreign
mails, . parcel posts excepted.
v Out of, this fund shall be paid the
direct aid In the development and
maintenance of an American merchant
marine. The compensation shall be
based on one-half of 1 cent for each
gross ton of any vessel, regardless of
speed, for each 100 miles traveled.
When the speed is 13 knots or over
but less than 14, 2-10 of a cent on
each gross ton shall be added for 14
knots, 3-10 of a cent for 15 knots, 4-10
of a cent for 16 knots, 5-10 for 17
knots, 7-10 for 18 knots, 9-10 for 19
knots, 1 1-10 for 20 knots, 1 3-10 shall
be added to the basic rate for 23
knots; the maximum is reached at 2.6
cents for each gross ton per 100 miles
traveled.
Details St Given,
I will not attempt the details of
requirements or limitations, save to
say that all vessels thus remunerated
shall carry the United States mails,
except parcel post, free of cost, and
that all such remuneration must end
whenever the owner of any vessel or
vessels shall have derived a net op
erating income in excess of 10 per
cent per annum upon his actual in
vestment and thereafter the owner
shall pay 60 per cent of such excess
earnings to the merchant marine
fund, until the full amount of sub
sidy previously received is returned
to its source. In other words, it is
proximately $16,000,000 a month and' proposed to encourage the shipping in
to the cost of failure was added the I foreign trade until the ship may earn
humiliation of sllips libeled In for
eign ports.
Big Fleet Aids Trade.
In spite of all the later losses In
operation, however, it is quite beyond
question that our abundance of Amer
ican tonnage was mainly responsible
for our ability to share in the good
fortunes of world trade during the
two years immediately following the
war. In all probability, the losses
we have sustained in our shipping
activities were fully compensated to
the American people in the saving of
ocean freights in that period.
Today we are possessed of vast
tonnage, large and very costly experi
ence, and the conviction of failure. It
is fair to say that a mistaken policy
was made more difficult by the un
paralleled slump in shipping which
came late in 1920 and prevailed
throughout the year so recently
closed. It was the inevitable reflex
of the readjustment which follows a
great war, and- there were heavy
losses in operations which had to be
met by long established and hereto
fore successful shipping lines and
ships built at top war costs took the
slump in prices below tne normal
levels of peace.
But we have our ships, the second
largest tonnage in the world, and w
let me say
mportance in commerce carrying on
the high seas which was recorded
in the earlier flays of the republic.
The aspiration is nation-wide. The
conflict between two schools of polit
ical thought heretofore has defeated
all efforts to employ the govern-"
mental aid which other nations found
advantageous while we held aloof,
and the terms "subsidy" and "sub
vention" were made more or less
hateful to the American public. But
the nation-wide desire to restore our
merchant marine has outlived all de
feat and every costly failure.
War's Effects Cited.
Eight years ago the aspiration
found expression in a movement to
have the government sponsor an en
terprise in which individual genius
seemingly" had failed. It would be
difficult correctly to appraise the
policy, because the world war put an
end to all normal activities before we
were involved. Our shipyards were
turned to feverish and costly activ
ities by the call of the allied powers
for shipping without which they could
not hope to survive. American ener
gies were applied to construction for
others, as we had never dreamed of
doing for ourselves. When we later
engaged we trebled and quadrupled I
the output in our own account. Allied
resources were called upon to build i
to meet the destruction by submarine
warfare, and ships were so essential
that material for them was given
priority over arms and munitions.
There was the call for ships, and
enlarged old yards and established
new ones without counting the cost.
We builded madly, extravagantly,
impractically and yet miraculously,
but we met a pressing heed and per
formed a great service.
A people indifferent to the vital
necessity of a merchant marine to the
national defense ungrudgingly ex
pended a.t five times the cost of nor
mal construction and appropriated
billions where millions had been
denied before. We acquired vast ton
nage. Some of it, much of it, is suited
to the peace service of expanded com
merce. Some of it, much of it, may
be charged to the errors and extrav
agances of war time anxiety and
haste. The war programme and that
completion of contracts which fol
lowed because such a course seemed
best to those then charged with re-
j spoasibility save ua rainetbinff more
10 per cent on actual investment,
Whereupon the direct aid extended is
to cease and the amount advanced is
to be returned out of a division with
the government of profits in excess
of that 10 per cent. The provision
makes impossible the enrichment of
any special interest at public ex
pense, puts an end to the govern
ment assumption of all losses, and
leaves to private enterprise the pros
pective profits of successful man
agement. The cost of such a programme
probably will reach $15,000,000 the
first year, estimated on the largest
possibilities of the present fleet.
With larger reimbursement to high
speed vessels, and the enlargement of
the merchant ' marine to a capacity
comparable with our commerce, the
total outlay may reach the limits of
$30,000,000, but it is confidently be
lieved thaf the scale may in due time
thereafter be turned, until the larger
reimbursements are restored to the
treasury.
Present Situation Impossible.
Even If we accept the extreme pos
sibility that we shall expend the
maximum and no return will ever be
made, which is to confess our in
ability to establish an American mer
chant marine the expenditure would
be vastly preferable to the present
unfortunate situation, with our de
pendence on our competitors for the
delivery of our products. Moreover,
the cost for the entire year would be
little more than the deficit hereto
fore encountered in two months dur
ing the experiment of the government
sponsoring the lines and guarantee
ing the cost of their operation.
The proposed plan will supersede
all postal subventions, postal com
pensations and extra compensations,
excepting parcel post freights, all of
which combined are fast growing to
approximately five millions annually.
It will ultimately take the govern
ment out of a business which has
been and is now excessively costly
and wasteful, and involving a loss in j
excess of tne highest subsidy pro
posed. It will bring to shipping again
that individual initiative which is the
very soul of successful enterprise. It
should enable the government to
liquidate its vast fleet to the highest
possible advantage.
The making of a successful Ameri
can merchant marine v, hich must
face the stiffest possible competition
by the fleets of the maritime nations
requires something more than the
direct aid to which I have alluded.
The direct aid proposed, even though
it ultimately runs to $30,000,000 an
nually, is insufficient alone to offset
the advantages of competing fleets.
There are more than wars costs and
working conditions and the higher
costs of rationing, which no consid
erable American sentiment will con
sent to have lowered to competing
standards.
Aid Declared Necessary. , j
The men who sail the seas under
bur flag must be permitted to stand
erect in the fullness of American op
portunity. There is the higher cost
of construction, the larger invest
ment, the higher cost of insurance
outlay even though the rate is' the
same. There are higher interest
charges. Our problems in shipping
are very much the same as are those
of our industries ashore, and we
should be as zealous in promoting the
one as we are In protecting the other.
We may and must aid indirectly as
well as directly.
We need a favoring spirit, an
awakened American pride, and an
avowed American determination that
we shall become, in the main, the Car
riers of our own commerce. In spite
of all competition and all discourage
ments with direct and indirect aid I
bring to you a definite programme'.
Those who oppose it ought, in all
fairness, o propose an acceptable al
ternative ' There can be no dispute
about the end at which we are aiming.
Of mndirect aids there are many.
practically all without draft Upon the
public treasury, and yet all highly
helpful in promoting American ship
ping. It is a simple thing seemingly it
ought not require the action of con
gress, but American officials travel
ing on government missions at gov-
' ernment expense ought to travel on
American ships, assuming that they
afford suitable accommodations. If
they do not afford the requisite ac
commodation on the main routes of
world travel, the argument that we
should upbuild Is strongly empha
sized. Transport Service Opposed.
I think we should discontinue, so
far as practical, the transport serv
ices in the army and navy and make
our merchant and passenger ships the
agents of service in peace as Well as
war. We should make Insurance
available at no greater cost than is
afforded the ships under competing
flags, and we can and will make ef
fective the spirit of section 28 of the
Jones act of 1920, providing for pref
erential rail and steamship rates on
through shipments on American ves
sels. American railways must be
brought into co-operation with Amer
ican steamship lines. It is not in
accord with either security or sound
business practice to have our rail
ways furthering the interests of for
eign shipping lines, when the concord
of American activities makes for com
mon American good fortune.
Contemplating the competition to be
met, there ought to be an amendment
to the interstate commerce act which
will permit railway systems to own
and operate steamship lines engaged
In other than coastwise vtrade. There
is measureless advantage in the
longer shipments where rail and
water transportation are co-ordinated
not alone in the service, but In the
solicitation of' cargoes which ever
attended an expanding commerce.
We may further extend our long
established protection to our coast
wise trade, which is quite in harmony
with the policy of most mar'time
powers. There Is .authority now to
Include the Philippines in our coast
wise trade and we need only the es
tablishment of proper facilities to
Justify the inclusion of our com
merce With the islands in our coast
wise provisions The freedom of our
continental markets is well worth
such a favoring jxlicy to American
ships, whenever the facilities are
suited to meet all requirements.
Immigration Aid Proposed.
Other indirect aids will be found In
the requirement that immigration
shall join wherever it is found to be
practical in aiding the merchant ma
rine of our flag under which citizen
ship is to be sought and in the estab
lishment of the merchant marine
naval reserve. The remission of a
portion of income taxes is wholly
compatible when th shipping enter
prise is of direct government concern,
provided that such remission is ap
plied to the cost of new ship construction.
Congress has already provided for a
loan fund to encourage construction.
It might well bo made applicable to
some special requirement in reconditioning.
It is also worth our consideration
that, in view of suspended -naval con
struction, the continued building of
merchant ships is the one guaranty
of a maintained shipbuilding indus
try, without which no nation may
hope to hold a high place in the world
of commerce or be assured of ade
quate defense.
A very effective indirect aid, a sub
stitute for a discriminating duty
which shall inure to the benefit of
the American shipper, will be found
in the proposed deductions on in
comes, amounting to 6 per centum of
the freight paid on cargoes carried
in American bottoms. The benefits
can have no geographical restrictions
and it offers its advantages to Amer
ican exporters as well as those who
engage in import trade.
Sale of Ships Urged.
Our existing ships should be sold at
prices prevailing in the world mar
ket. I am not unmindful of the hesi-
tancy to sacrifice the values to cur
rent price levels. We constructed at
the top cost of war when necessity
impelled, when the building re
sources of many nations were drawn
upon to the limit to meet a great
emergency.
If there had come no depression a
return to approximate normal cost
would have been inevitable. But the
great slump in shipping has sent
tonnage prices to the other extreme.
not for America alone, but through
out the world. If we held our shiDS
10 await tne recovery we should tint
only make more difficult our re
sponse to beckoning onnortunitv
jno oi tne outstanding barriers to
general readjustment is the tendency
io await more lavorable Drice condi
tions. in the widest views the nation
win protlt by selling now. We may
end our losses in an enterprise for
wnicn we are not equipped, and
no otner government has sue.
cessiuiiy undertaken, and th i
prices at which we must sell today
will make a lower actual investment
witn wnicn to deal in Dromo
permanent service.
If I were not deenlv no
the upbuilding of our merchant ma
rine l snouia nevertheless strongly
mi so tuiisieHB lo lacllltafA thA Hia-
posal of the vast tonnage acquired
or constructed in the great war emer
gency. The experiment we have made
nas peen very coBtly. Much hu hoon
learnea, to ne sure, but thA nnt.f.nH
"is lesson is that the government
cannot proutabiy manage Our mer
chant shipping. The most fortunate
changes in the personnel of man
agement would still leave us strug
gling with a policy fundamentally
wrong ana practically Impossible.
Private Enterprise Advocated.
naving iauea at such enormous
cost, I bring you the proposal which
contemplates the return to individual
Initiative and private enterprise, aided
to a conservative success, wherein
we are safeguarded against the pro
motion of private greed and do not
discourage the hope of profitable in
vestment. Which underlies all sue
cessf ul endeavor.
We have voiced our concern for
the good fortunes of agriculture and
it is right that we should. We have
long proclaimed -our interest in man
ifesting, which is thoroughly sound,
and helped to make us what we are.
On the evolution of railway trans
portation we nave revealed the vital
relationship of our rail transporta
tion to Dotn agriculture and com
merce. We have been expending for
many years large sums for deepened
channels and better harbors and im
proved interest and waterways, and
much of it has found abundant re
turn in enlarged commerce. But we
have ignored our merchant marine.
The World war revealed our weak
ness, our unpreparedness for defense
in war, our unreadinjes for self
reliance In peace.
It would seem as though passing
events were combining to admonish
us not to fail now, to reassert our
selves. In romantic days of wooden
hulls and Whiteness of sails and the
sturdiest men of the sea, we out
sailed the world and carried our own
cargoes, revealing our flag to the
marts of the world.
Condition Different Now.
Up to the world war we were a
debtor nation. Our obligations Were j
held largely by the maritime'Kj'wers, J
I Apart from the advantages In carry
ing our commerce they sought our
shipments for the balances due to
' them. There is a different condition
now. They are concerned with ship-
, ments to us but not so interested in
! our shipments to them. It is our pur-
pose to continue our exchanges, both
ouyung ana selling, out wo entiii uo i
surer of our spllinsr. notably our food- I
stuffs, if we maintain facilities for
their transportation.
Contemporaneous with the awaken
ing we have the proposal to carry our
ocean-going facilities to the great
"unsalted seas'" which shall place the
farms of the upper Mississippi valley
on a market way to the marts of the
old world. We should fail to adjust
our vis'ion to the possibilities If we
halted in making for American emi
nence on the ocean highways now
awaiting our return. '
We have recently Joined the great
naval powers in a programme which
not only puts an end to costly compe
tition in naval armament and reduces
the naval forces of the world, but
adds to the confidence in maintained
peace. The relativity of strength
among the powers would be wholly
one of disappointing theory if ours is
to be a merchant marine inadequate
for the future. I do not care to stress
it as a means of defense. The war
and our enforced outlay have already
stressed that point.
The merchant marine is universally
recognized as the second line of naval
defense. It is indispensable in the
time of great national emergency. It
Is commendable to upbuild and main
tain, because it is the highest agency
of peace and amity, and bears no
threat and incites no suspicion. And
yet it is a supreme assurance, with
out which we should be unmindful of
our safety and unheeding of our need
to continued growth and maintained
in.
I am thinking of the merchant ma
rine of peace. Commerce is insep
arable from progress and attainment.
Commerce and its handmaidens have
wrought the greater intimacy among
nations, which calls for understand
ings and guarantees of peace. How
ever we work it out, whatever our ad
justments are to promote interna
tional trade, it is inevitable that the
hundred millions here, outstanding in
genius and unrivaled in industry and
incalculable in their resources, must
be conspicuous in the world's ex- -
changes. We cannot hope to compete
unless we carry on and our concord
and our influence are sure to be
measured by that unfailing standard
which is found in a jiation's merchant
marine.
$100,000,000 Oil Company Drills.
DOVER, Del., Feb. 28. A charter
was filed today for the Mammoth Oil
company, capital 1100,000,000, au
thorizing It to drill, produce and mar
ket oil and its products.
DO YOU look better
ON SUNDAY
THAN you do
EVERY OTHER DAY
IN THE WEEK?
DO YOU want
TO MAKE EVERY DAY
LOOK LIKE A HOLIDAY?
YOUR answer's important.
THAT'S WHY WE wanted you
TO TAKE a minute
TO READ this.
BECAUSE
TOMORROW'S papers and
FRIDAY'S papers will
CARRY announcements
OF THE OPENING of
PORTLAND newest and
BEST STORE for
THE BETTER SORT of
APPAREL FOR MEN
WHO always want
TO LOOK WELL;
YOUNGER, perhaps,
THAN THEIR YEARS!
AND IN THIS new store
YOU'LL FIND the best
NATIONALLY-KNOWN lines
OF CLOTHING and
HABERDASHERY
IN THE COUNTRY.
LOOK for the
ANNOUNCEMENTS
TOMORROW NIGHT
BECAUSE we want you
TO BE SURE
AND COME the
OPENING DAY.
New Victor
W OR ID
for March
On Sale Today
Instant
Service
Ground
Floor
(New Location)
Wiley B. Allen Co.
148 Fifth St.
(Bet. Morrison and Alder)
45267 Smile Through Your Tears Lambert Murphy
The Hand of You Lucy Isabelle Marsh $1.00
15266 Chip of the Old Block Royal Dadmun
Give a Man a Horse He Can Ride Royal Dadmun $1.00
45265 Washing Baby Marie Cahill
Shopping Marie Cahill $1.00
18844 I'll Forget You John Steel
The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise John Steel
18847 Weep No More My Mammy Fcerless Quartet
111 Be Glad to Get Back to My Home Town
American Quartet
18848 That's How I Believe in You Henry Burr
I Want You Morning, Noon and Night. Charles Harrison
18854 Granny . Yvette Rugel
Ka-Lu-A Edna Brown-Elliott Shaw
18855 In My Heart, On My Mind, All Day Long. Stanley-Murray
Boo-Hoo-Hoo Ailecn Stanley-Billy Murray
35714 Coppelia Ballet Victor Concert Orchestra
Malaguena Victor Concert Orchestra $1.23
18849 Dream Kiss Waltz. . .Frank Fcrera-Anthony Franchini
Laughing Rag Sam Moore-Horace Davis
18852 Boating on the Lake, (2) Skating, (3) Walzer ....
Victor Orchestra
La Bergeronette, (2) Walts, (3) Scherzo
Victor Orchestra
18853 To a Humming Bird, (2) Elfenspiel, (3) The Witch
Victor Orchestra
Knight of the Hobby-Horse, (2) The Clock
Victor Orchestra
73c
73c
75c
73c
75c
73c
Dance Records
18850 Bow Wow Blues Fox Trot. Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Railroad Blues Fox Trot. .Benson Orchestra of Chicago
18851 Smilin' Fox Trot... Green Bros. Mellorimba Orchestra
Somewhere in Naples Fox Trot. All Star Trio and Orch.
18856 Dear Old Southland Fox Trot
Whiteman and His Orchestra
They Call It Dancing Fox Trot
Whiteman and His Orchestra
18857 Wimmin Medley Fox Trot Club Royal Orchestra
Good-Bye Shanghai Fox Trot... Club Royal Orchestra
18858 When Shall We Meet Again Waltz .
'. Hackel-Berge Orchestra
By the Old Ohio Shore Waltz
Green Bros. Mellorimba Orchestra
18859 On the 'Gin 'Gin 'Ginny Shore
Whiteman and His Orchestra
Marie Fox Trot Whiteman and His Orchestra
75c
73c
75c
75c
75c
75c
73c
Red Seal Records
66027 Bless You Frances Alda $1.23
87333 Don Giovanni-Vedrai, Carino Lucrezia Bori $1.23
88644 Song of the Flea Feodor Chaliapin $1.73
88615 The Two Grenadiers Feodor Chaliapin $1.75
88646 When the King Went Forth to War. . . .Feodor Chaliapin $1.73
64776 Ultima Rosa Giuseppe de Luca $1.23
74687 Faust Salve, dimora (in Italian) Beniamino Gigli $1.75
66022 Serenade Jascha Heifetz $1.25
87334 My Ain Folk Louise Homer $1.25
66023 Paradise (Viennese Folk Song) Fritz Kreisler $1.23
66028 Sweet Peggy CNeil John McCormack $1.23
74727 Mazurka Violin Solo Erika Morini $1.75
74728 Polka de W. R. (Rachmaninoff) Pianoforte
Sergei Rachmaninoff $1.73
74729 Salome's Dance Part 1 Philadelphia Orchestra $1.75'
74730 Salome's Dance Part 2 Philadelphia Orchestra $1.75
66025 Chimes of Normandy With Joy My Heart
Renato Zanelli $1.23
Check (X) those you wish to hear when you call or sign and mail
this ad. as your order.
Name
Address
The record department of our new store is placed on the ground
floor, just as you step inside. It is equipped with every modern con
venience. We cordially invite you to call on a visit of inspection.
Wiley-Boiler? (.
148 Fifth St (Bet. Morrison and Alder)
Hair Often Ruined
By Careless Washing
328-330
Washington St.
Just below
Broadway
Soap should be used very carefully,
If you want to keep your hair look
in its best. Most soaps and prepared
shampoos contain too much alkali.
This dries the scalp, makes the hair
brittle, and ruins It.
The best thing for steady use Is
Mulsifted- cocoanut oil shampoo
(which is pure ana gTCMeioj, iia i
better than anything else you can use.
Two or three teaspoonfuls of
Mulsified In a cup or glass with a
little warm Water is sufficient to
cleanse the hair and scalp thoroughly.
Simply moisten the ha'r with water
and rub it it. It makes an abund
ance of rich, creamy lather, which
rinses out easily, removing every
particle of dust, dirt, dandruff and
excess oil. The hair dries quickly
and evenly, and it leaves the scalp
soft, and the hair fine and silky,
bright, lustrous, fluffy and easy to
manage.
You can get Mulslrlea cocoanut oil
shampoo at any pharmacy, its very
cheap, and a few ounces will supply
every member of the family for
months. Be sure your druggist gives
No More Gas in
Stomach & Bowels
If you wish to be permanently re
lieved of gas in the stomach and bow
els, take Baalmann's Oas-Tableta.
Baaimann's Gas-Tablets are pre
pared distinctly for stomach gas, and
for all the bad effects coming from
gas pressure.
That empty and gnawing feellg at
pit of your stomach disappears, that
anxious, nervous feeling with heart
palpitation will vanish, and you will
again be able to take a deep breath,
often prevented by gas pressing
against your heart and lungs.
Your limbs, arms and finnera won't
feel cold and go to sleep because
Baaimann's Oas-Tabiets prevent as
interfering with the circulation;
drowsiness, aleepy feeling after din
ner will be replaced by a desire for
some form of entertainment Your
distended stomach will redure beciuiHfl
gas will not form after using HiimI
mnnn's Gas-Tablets.
Get the genuine in the Yellow Pack
age from the Owl Trug Co., or any re.
liable druggist. I'rice one doliar. J
Baalmann, chemist, Han Francisco.
Adv.
Phono your want ads to' the Orw
gonlan. Wain 7070. Automatic &S0-i.