TITE MORXIXG OREGOXIAX; 3TOXDAY, JAXTTARY 2. 1922
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I OREGON PROVIDES GENEROUSLY FOR '
1 SCHOOLS, ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY
Communities of Commonwealth Take Pride in Equipping 'and Maintaining Buildings for Ade-
qaate Service to Youth of State and Preparing Them for Leadership.
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lly J. A. t hiirrliill, Stale Superintendent of
Pulilie Intrtit'tion.
OREGON is s now providing most
generously for all of its public
schools, both elementary and
secondary. Nearly all communities of
the commonwealth take pride in
e'luippinj? and maintaining such a
school as will Rive an adequate serv
ice in providing its youns people with
the tools for securing such an educa
tion as will prepare them for leader
ship or intelligent followers. The
rural one-room school, however, as in
every state, remains the weakest link
in the educational system.
In many districts the assessed val
uation is low, the pupils are few, the
building and equipment Inadequate,
the supervision insufficient. These
weaknesses can be eliminated very
largely by a change from the district
plan for administration and taxation.
The legislature of 121 enacted a law
making it possible in the different
counties of the state to change, by a
majority vote, from the old district
plan to the county unit for taxation
and administration.
When adopted, the county unit plan
organizes all school districts in a
county, outside of those having BOO
children on the school census, into
One district known as the county
' school district. The former school
districts become sub-districts and the
school officials are retained, but their
duties are advisory only. The admin
istration, under the county unit plan,
rests in a board of directors of five
members chosen at larsc at the an
nual school meeting. This board se
lects the county district superinten
dent and upon his advice selects and
places-all the teachers in the district,
purchases all equipment and supplies
and builds and remodels all school
houses.
The board has authority to provide
transportation when necessary, con
solidate sub-districts, and. where it
seems advisable, to board the children
of one sub-district attending school
In another.
The plan seeks to give the same
kind of supervision for rural schools
now enjoyed by the city schools by
centralizing responsibility and au
thority In a board of five members,
acting upon the advice of an expert
In rural school education.
All of the Indebtedness of all the
sub-districts is assumed by the county
district on the assumption that If a
district has an indebtedness. It also
has an asset in the way of a school
house and modern equipment. One
tax only is levied upon all the prop
erty of the county, thus doing away
with' the special taxes and equalizing
the burden of taxation. Under the
county unit plan there will be no poor
or rich districts In the county, thereby
equalizing educational opportunities
throughout the county. ,
Crook county has voted in the plan
by a two-to-one vote, and eight or
more counties will vote on the meas
ure at the primaries in May.
A campaign to work out all feasible
consolidations is being conducted in
"many counties. As Oregon's good
roads programme is carried to a com
pletion, consolidations of districts
with transportation for the children
will not only result in a saving to the
taxpayers, but will give many more
pupils the advantages of a larger
school, where closer graduation
means more individual attention, and
an incentive to study through the
, greater competition of mind.
Every proposed consolidation In
Oregon Is a problem of Its own into
which may enter a far larger num
ber of factors than are found in a
problem of consolidation In the
prairie states of the middle west.
Many of our already large school dis
tricts, sparsely settled, having roads
impassable for a part of the year, will
not admit of a consolidation that will
bring better school conditions. A
matural division, such as a mountain
Talley in which there are a few pu
milH, cannot be Joined to another val
ley several miles away, separated by
f. mountain barrier and reached by a
winding mountain trail or road.
Oregon will always have the rural
one-room school. We must, there
fore, devote much time and attention
to so improving It that its-service will
be far more satisfactory.
Thousands of men and women in
Oregon, honorably and efficiently
doing their work as citizens of the
state, received their elementary edu
cation in the rural school. Thousands
of others will receive their prepara
tion there in the years to come. All
who are in any way responsible for
the betterment of the rural schools
should come Into a full realization of
their responsibility In helping to so
raise their school standards that the
service of the school will be the best
obtainable under the conditions.
The most serious difficulty encoun
tered in our efforts to improve rural
schools is the lack of trained rural
school teachers specially therefor.
The growth of the high schools con
tinues to be very gratifying, the en
rollment for 1920-1921 being 29.235.
Seventy per cent of all who com
plete the elementary grades are later
enrolled In the high Bchools, the per
centage held for graduation 'being
high. An analysis of a questionnaire
recently returned from the high
schools gives a total of 3335 gradu
ates in the class of 1921, of which
1290, or 39 per cent, were boys. The
Russell Sage foundation, when rank
ing the different states in the order
of their efficiency In education, used
as one of its measurements the ratio
of boys in the high schools as com
pared to that of girls. Under this
measurement Oregon ranked low. The
questionnaire seemed to indicate also
that as the high school enrollment in
creases the ratio of girls to boys in
creases. In the small high schools
where men principals exercise a clos
er supervision, more boys are held in
the school for graduation.
Of the 3335 high school graduates
39 per cent are this year enrolled in
institutions of higher learning, with
but 136 attending institutions outside
of Oregon.
The outstanding feature in the
growth of Oregon high schools in the
last two years is the large number of
consolidations of districts affected,
resulting in the transportation of the
pupils. Thirty-eight high schools are
now transporting 1423 pupils, employ
ing 81 wagons and 6 boats. Districts
numbering 109 were covered at a
total cost of $69,482. The cost per
route is $797.50 and the annual cost
per pupil is )37.50.
The boys' and girls' club work
which is being: promoted jointly by
the superintendent of public instruc
tionthe Oregon Agricultural college
and the federal government, grows
yearly In enrollment and increasing
interest.
The exhibits at the state and inter
national fairs were larger in number
and of much better quality than ever
placed on exhibition before by club
members. The barn at the state fa'r,
allotted for club exhibits, was filled
to overflowing with 99 per cent pure
bred animals, while one-fourth of the
poultry barn was filled with pure
blooded poultry and rabbits.
A boys' and girls' club camp was
again maintained at the fair grounds
by the state fair board, admitting
two boys and girls from each county
In the state. The superintendent of
public instruction had charge of this
camp.
The Smith-Hughes law, underwhich
federal and state vocational education
is being promoted, clearly restricts
the instruction which.it provides to
pupils of 14 years of age and upward.
It Is plainly evident, therefore, that
it is not intended to give such instruc
tion in the elementary grades of rural
schools. The law goes still further
In its declaration that the instruction
given must be of less than collegiate
grade. The scope of vocational edu
cation as provided for under the law
Is therefore clearly defined and re
stricted. Under a recent arrangement the
high school students who are prepar
ing to teach in the rural schools are
receiving definite instruction in the
methods of teaching agriculture in
the grades. This instruction is being
given by the different Smith-Hughes
men who are attached to high schools
in which teacher training courses are
being offered. .It is logical to assume
that these men are fully competent to
lead the way in the best methods of
handling the subject of agriculture,
and they are also in a position to su
pervise the practice teaching of such
prospective rural school teachers.
They can also impress upon such the
advantages of the project and field
trip method' which is one essential
feature of vocational instruction.
It is safe to say that any commu
nity fortunate enough to include a
vocational department in its high
school courses will possess a center
of influence that will radiate out
through the entire school system and
arouse an interest In agriculture and
rural affairs. It is an influence that
emanates from within the system
Itself and is not imposed by some
outside authority. It cannot help
creating a widespread interest in the
very subjects which should compose
the foundation of rural school in
struction. Ultimately it is to be hoped
that a close co-relation between the
elementary and high school Instruc
tion may be established, the ons
working up from the elementary to
the advanced, and the other reaching
down and influencing the conduct of
the lower grades to the advantage of
both.
A
deposits in Columbia county will
mean, it is predicted, the establish
ment of numerous factories In Port
land for the manufacture of iron and
steel products. At the present time
most of the iron used in manufac
ture here must be shipped from the
east and with the present hteh
freight rates this makes it extremely
expensive. The working of the Iron
ore at Portland's gates will mean a
large supply of cheap, but at the
same time high quality, iron made
available for manufacturing purposes.
Officials of the Oregon Charcoal
Iron company have announced that
they would erect a blast furnace of
the most modern type in the country.
They declared that they would use
charcoal for fuel, by this means
turning out a higher grade of prg
Iron than by the use of coke. Lime
stone for the manufacture of the pig
iron, they say could be secured in
large quantities from the Puget Sound
district or from Lime, Or.
"The consumption on the coast of
our product, pig iron, will be used
largely by the foundries for making
gray-iron castings and by the steel
works as a partial substitute for
scrap iron and scrap steel." predicted I ufacturintr enterprises in Portland
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iron ore deposits important)
I Columbia County Operations Held to Forecast Period of Great
Industrial Development for Portland in Near Future.
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FACTOR which promises to prove
of the utmost importance in the
future development of Portland
as the industrial center of the Pacific
northwest, is the recent discovery of
iron ore deposits of large magnitude
in Columbia county, two hours' drive
from this city. ,
The ore, as a result of tests, has
been found to bo of limonite, suitable
for turning out a high grade of iron
and steel. In this respect it is de
clared to be equal to the best found
In the east.
The vein of ore on some properties
in that district has been laid open
preparatory for development and on
the face of present surveys it is esti
mated that in these properties alone
there are from 3,000.000 to 5.000,000
tons. It is believed that further in
vestigations will reveal additional
quantities.
Chemical analyses made by a num
ber of recognized laboratories show
the metallic iron averages nearly 55
per cent with a low content of silica
and alumina and a trace of sulphur.
This makes an ore which will be easy
to reduce in a blast furnace.
The location and nature of the de
posits are such as to be most ad
vantageous to mining, the ore vein
being seven to ten feet in thickness
and without a dip of any consequence.
It Is also situated above water level,
making pumping unnecessary. The
properties also contain abundant tim
ber for all mining purposes.
Owing to the absence of sulphur in
the ore a higher grade, of pig iron
can be produced. The principal char
acteristic of limonite ore is its ex
treme reducibility ir. the blast furnace
and therefore one of the features of
its high value.
There is abundance of waste wood
In the vicinity which can be used for
the manufacture of charcoal for the
blast furnace.
With a view to the development of
some of the ore deposits in uat dis
trict the Oregon Charcoal Iron com
pany has been organized and plans
are going forward for the erection of
a blast furnaae of about 50-ton ca
pacity In the vlc;nity of properties
which have been taken1 over by the
company.
The company for the development
of the ore deposits was formed after
an investigation made by A. W.
Martin, formerly of Chicago, an ex
pert in iron mining. Mr. Martin has
been made manager of the new con
cern. Other officials of the company are:
C. I. Calkins, president of the bank
of Sherwood, Sherwood, Or, president;
J. A. Miller, Miller & Bauer, contrac
tors, first vice-president; Conrad P.
Olson, State Bank of Portland, second
vice-president; J. H. Kelly, attorney,
secretary; F. A. McGuin, W. R. Mc
Kenxie & Son, auditor, and R. H.
Parsons, cashier of the Bank of Sher
wood, treasurer.
The development of the iron ore
Mr. Martin. "We believe that there
is at least an outlet for 400 tons of
pig Iron daily in the northwest. A
sure source of pig iron once estab
lished, new industries will spring up,
consumption of iron castings and
steel products will increase, and thus
a larger production of pig iron will
gradually become possible.
"The consumption of tin plate in
the northwest will run 150 tons a day
We are reliably informed. Wo can
produce pig iron in the Immediate
vicinity of Portland as cheaply as
they can produce it in the east. In
addition it must be borne in mind
that all pig iron brought here from
the east has to carry a freight charge
or 20 or more a ton. Charcoal pig
iron is quoted in the east at (35 and
No. l.coke pig Is quoted at $22. At all
times charcoal pig iron commands
premium 'or at least tlu a ton over
coke iron.
"The establishment of our blast
furnace in the northwest will mean
an enormous increase in manuftictur
ing for Portland. It will attract the
attention of the tractor manufacturer,
as It will enable him to build I s
tractors here for consumption in the
northwest as well as for export by
cheap water rates. It. together with
large timber wealth, will also attract
the attention of the freight car man
ufacturer. It Is my opinion that this
blast furnace will be one of the
greatest inducements to the manu
facturer on his visit to the 1925 ex
position to remain or invest in man
Contains complete maps of Portland, Oregon,
Columbia River Highway and State
"Know Your Portland" J
Whether stranger or resident, you can find
any location by consulting this guide
Armena Plttmo
Price 50 Ceats
1183 Halsey St.
Trade Mark
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Choicest Columbia River and Alaska
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Also Pickled and Frozen Columbia River
Salmon Frozen Shad and Sturgeon
OUR BRANDS
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Columbia River Fancy Chinooks
Kinney, Epicure, Royal Seal, Pine Burr, Blue
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Leaf, Standard Chinooks, Goldenage, Silver
Crest, Violet, Delmonico.
Fancy Red Alaska
Esquimaux, Recruit
COLUMBIA RIVER PACKERS
ASSOCIATIUJN Oregon
Astoria
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L. M. STARR, President
H. C. FROST, Vice-President
C. D. STARR, Secretary-Treas.
ARMSBY'S CODE 1D11
PHONES:
EAST 194 195
"MARASCA BRAND'
ROYAL ANNE CHERRIES
(MARASCHINO TYPE)
STARR
FRUIT PRODUCTS
COMPANY
MANUFACTURERS OF
PRESERVE'S
JAMS AND
JELLIES
PACKERS OF
CANNED FRUITS
VEGETABLES
BERRIES
Factories :
Portland, Oregon
Salem, Oregon
Main Offices:
Portland, Oregon
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