THE 3IORXIXG OREGOXIAX. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1021
OLD RULES RETAINED !
Bl OIVER WARFARE!
Nothing Much Accomplished
in Day of Debate.
NAVAL ARGUMENT BEGUN
tub-Coiiimltlcc on Aircraft De
cides Not to Try to Iut Limit
on Airplane Strength.
WASHINGTON, D. C, Dec. 29. (By
the Associated rress.) The. arms
conference naval committee passed
all of today debating proposals to re
rtrict submarine warfare against
merchant craft, but got no further
than a general understanding to re
affirm existing principles of inter
national law and declare strict appli
cation of these principles In the fu
ture to submarine operations.
A dispute over phraseology blocked
formal adoption of an affirmatory
resolution and the subject was laid
aside for consideration by a special
Kiib-commlttce on drafting.
The naval committee itself then
Ix gan what promises to- be a pro
lona'd debate over the American pro
posal to prohibit use of submarines
against merchant vessels altogether.
o Limit on Aircraft.
Meantime the sub-committee on
aircraft decided to abandon any ef
fort, to limit the airplane Ktrength of
the powers and to recommend instead
that an attempt be made to agree on
restrictions that would make an air
warfare conform with considerations
of humanity.
Eyen such regulations, however,
were said to be considered by sub
commute, members as difficult of
formation.
All the other naval and far eastern
discussions before the conference re.
mainod at a standstill today except
fur un Intimation from the Japanese
that only mediation by the United
states and (Jreat Britain could save
the Shantung negotiations from final
deadlock.
JVnvnl ICxprrls Divided.
It was declared both for the Jnpa
nese and Chinese that their govern
ments hud gone as far as possible
toward a compromise and hope of a
settlement was seen only In the possi
bility that some new clement could be
Injected Into the conversations.
There were Indications that the na
val experts of the varlouB powers
were far from an agreement on the
proposal that airplane carriers be
limited, and ell the foreign delega
tions were waiting on further In
structions as to the American pro
posal to establish 10,000 tons as the
maximum size for any auxiliary war
ship. There also was a halt In con
sidering remaining details of the capi
tal ship agreement Itself, a proposed
meeting of experts to work out a re
placement chart being postponed until
later In the week.
Capital fthlp Issue Settled.
So far as the capital ship question
Is concerned, all delegations appear
to regard It as good as settled, al
though no draft of a treaty embodying
the agreement has been prepared.
France has accepted, subject to a
reservation she has not yet fully ex
plained, so considerable discussion
may take place before even that part
of the work of the conference Is
ready for final approval.
In regard to another conference
problem the new four-power Pacific
treaty there were signs tonight of
revived discussion among the dele
gates, because of the suggestion of
japan that some action be taken to
clarify the scope of the agreement In
In relation to the major islands of
the Japanese empire. Baron Shide
hara of the Japanese delegation, after
discussing the subject with Secretary
Hughes, took the Japanese request to
Arthur Balfour, head of the British,
and It was said afterwards that some
definite clarification scheme might
be brought forward formally in the
near future.
Eichmie of 3Vote Favored.
In view of the difference of opin
ion on the treaty's scope between
President Harding and the American
delegates, the Japanese think there
at least should be an exchange of
formal notes among the four powers
setting forth the meaning of the pact
beyond dispute. They are said to de
sire that the main Japanese group of
islands te not included under the
treaty, but on the other hand, the
British desire that Australia and New
Zealand shall be within its scope.
Although the senate is not In ses
sion, echoes of the proposed fight on
ratification of the four-power agree
ment continued to reach the delegates.
Jn a statement today Senator King,
democrat of Utah, referred to the
treaty and set forth a summary "of
what he called the monumental
failures" of the Washington negotia
tions. The ratification fight also was
discussed today between Senator
Borah, republican of Idaho, a leader
of the anti-treaty forces, and Joseph
P. Tumulty, ex-secretary to Woodrow
Wilson. In a conference which gave
Impetus to speculation as to what
attitude may be taken by the ex
president. Opinion Not Yet Intimated.
Thus far no intimation of Mr. Wil
son's opinion of the treaty or other
conference Issue has figured In con
ference circles. Some of his friends
are said to believe he may In some
way make his position known before
very long. Neither Senator Borah nor.
Mr. Tumulty would say whether the
former president's purposes were dis
cussed today.
The debate over submarine regula
tion today centered about the resolu
tions presented yesterday by Klihu
Boot of the American delegation.
General approval of the first of these
resolutions, expressing adherence to
the principles of search and seizure as
already established In International
law, was expressed by all the powers.
There was an effort during the de
bate to refer the whole subject to f
commission of Jurists, but the Amer
icans and the British took a deter
mined stand for definite action at the
present conference. A far different
situation developed when the second
Root resolution proposing the subma rines
be prohibited from attacking"
commerce In any circumstances was
brought up. Such a proposition would
involve a change from the present
understandings of International law.
and there was a lively discussion ovei
how such a change could be made so
it would be accepted by all nations
Mr. Balfour suggested an amendment
to make the prohibition Immediatelj
effective as between the five powers
and Mr. Boot acceded to the proposal
The meeting then adjourned.
More MrxsnKrM eeded.
Tt was said tonight that the French.
Italians and Japanese all wi'l be un
prepared to act finally on tne second
resolution until they had further com municated
with their governments,
but there was apparent a tendency
among the Italians to favor and the
French to oppose the plan. Some
French delegates seemed to regard
OUTLAWING OF ALL DIVER OPERATIONS
AGAINST MERCHANTMEN IS CONSIDERED
Existing Rules for Naval Warfare of Surface Craft Reaffirmed and Strict Application of Code Is Accepted
in Principle for Submarines Long Discussions Are Held.
ASHKXGTON. D. C. Dec. 29.
(By the Associated Press.) A
resolution by Elihu Root re
affirming existing rules of naval
warfare for surface craft and strict
application of this code to sub
marines operating against merchant
craft was accepted In principle today
by the naval committee of the arms
conference.
Mr. Root's second proposal that
new rule of international law be
initiated outlawing entirely sub
marine operations against merchant
men was still under discussion when
the committee adjourned for the day.
It had been urged in a address by
each member of the American dele
Sation and approved formally for the
British group by Arthur J. Balfour.
The other delegations still are to be
heard on this subject.
In the form In which the first pro
posal was approved In principle and
sent to sub-committee for final
drafting, the Root proposal sets out
anew rules of visit and search of
belligerent craft observed In dealing
with commercial vessels, and couples
with this the declaration that sub
marines must be governed by these
rules.
Preamble la Amended.
At the suggestion of Mr. Balfour
the original preamble was amended
in arrangement to read as follows:
"The signatory powers, desiring to
make more effective the rules adopt
ed by civilised nations for the pro-
had failed to reach an agreement
either to ban submarines entirely or
to limit each nations' tonnage in
these craft.
Disagreement Is Denied.
."Such a declaration as the one pro
posed In the first (Root) resolution."
he added, "will go to the whole world
ss an Indication that. wMle-the com
mittee could not agree on such limi
tation, tihere was no disagreement on
the question that submarines should
never be used contrary to the prin
ciples of the law governing war. The
adoption of the resolution might, fur
thermore, avoid misunderstanding on
(he part of those who were looking
to the conference with great hope."
M. Sarraut for the French group
made a formal declaration of the
acceptance of France of the prin
ciples of the first Root resolution.
France, he said, was anxious to go
farther than the mere adoption of the
resolution and bring into effect
agreement as to limitation of sub
marine warfare to established rules
of naval warfare through a "defini
tive text which would combine all
the assents of the powers represented
in the committee."
The French delegate deprecated
what he said was an apprehension
expressed by Mr. Balfour that certain
countries might "in spite of every
thing, yield to the temptation to mis
use the weapons remaining in their
hands."
With the first Root proposal on Its
way .toward adoption. Secretary
tectum of the lives of neutrals and I Hughes laid before the committee the
noncombatants at sea in time of war.
Invites the adherence of all other
civilised powers to the following
second resolution, as follows:
"The signatory powers recognize
the practical Impossibility of using
statement of established law to the i submarines as commerce destroyers
end that there may be a clear public
unaersianUIng throughout the world
or the standards of conduct by which
the public opinion of the world Is to
pass judgment upon future bellig
erents." In comltting the resolution to a
subcommittee headed by .Mr. Root for
filial drafting, Secretary Hughes said
he hoped it would "not be overlaid
with lawyers' niceties," when it re
emerged. No one. he said, could
write anything which lawyers could
not improve, but when it came to "the
expression of vague fears to which
lawyers so like to give expression."
he added, he hoped "that such verbal
criticisms would receive scant attention."
It would have seemed "extraord- j jaw.'
nary, inneen," .Mr. Hughes declared,
!f the conference had not voiced "a
most emphatic condemnation" of the
'abhorrent practices" In submarine
warfare, indulged In during the recent
war. But such a declaration as was
planned, he added, was timely and
necessary also because the conference
without violation of the requirements
universally accepted by civilized na
tions for the protection of the lives
of neutrals and non-combatants and.
to the end that the prohibition of
such use shall be universally accepted
as a part of the law of nations, they
declare their assent to such prohibi
tion and invite all other nations to
adhere thereto."
I'nlverani Assent eded.
Mr. Hughes said that, as Mr. Root
had explained, "this was a proposition
to change the law" as the first reso
lution had attempted to state "the
law which had been ignored and
which had been trampled under foot,
but which nevertheless had been and
still was regarded as International
The chairman added that he
assumed the purpose of the resolution
to change the law was to make this
declaration of prohibition of subma
rine warfare against merchant cralt
a substitute for the first proposal
when the powers of the world all had
concurred in that substitution. Pend
ing such concurrence, he explained.
the first proposal will be the gov
erning law of nations on the subject
of submarines as expressed by the
conference and to which It asks ad
herence of powers outside Its circles.
Mr. Root agreed In this, he ex
plained, saying It required "universal
assent to establish a law of nations"
but that the first declaration "created
nothing merely certifying to what
existed," while the second called for
an act by the nations which did not
take effect until assent had been
received.
Suggestion Is Made.
Mr. Balfour suggested at this point
that the five powers present could
agree between themselves to outlaw
submarine warfare against merchant
vessels even before world assent to
such a proposal was received. Mr.
Root accepted this suggestion and
Mr. Balfour then proposed to amend
the last portion of the prohibitive
declaration so as to read:
"They declare their assent to such
prohibition and they agree to be
bo-jnd forthwith thereby as between
themselves and they invite all other
nations to adhere to the present
agreement."
, The discussion for the day ended at
this point. Those associated with Mr.
Root In the sub-committee to draft
the first declaration, which was ac
cepted in principle, were the follow
ing: Great Britain, Sir Auckland Ged
des: France, Vice-Admiral de Bon and
M. Kammerer: Italy, Senator Rlccl;
Japan, Mr. Hanihara.
Resolutions Are Debated.
. The naval committee debated the
Root resolutions all day before
arriving at Its decision to turn article
one of the resolutions over to a com
mittee with instructions to draft Its
language without modifications of
the principles stated in the original
proposal. Secretary Hughes invited
the discussion Immediately upon the
convening of the naval committee
and Mr. Balfour for the British group
declared that providing article one
did in fact "really embody the exist
ing rules of war," he personally be
lieved It desirable that "these should
be reaffirmed in their relation to
submarine warfare."
Reiterating that he spoke only for
himself. Mr. Balfour said he believed
"a formal and authoritative state
ment that submarines had no licence
to break the rules by which other
ships of war were bound cou'.d do
nothing but good."
Admiral de Bon. of the French
group, said he shared wholly Mr. Bal
four's views and that the French
delegation gave "in principle our gen
eral adhesion to the statement that
submarines should of necessity be
bound by the rules of International
law."
Law of Special Nature.
"But as this law Is of a very spe-
;cial nature." Admiral de Bon said. "It
seems to us the most practical solu
tion would be to refer the considera
tion of the text submitted by Mr. Root
to a committee of Jurists which would
advise us as to Its opinion In regard
to the wording being adequate."
Senator Schanier said that the Ital
ians already had given "our full ad
hesion to the aim which Mr. Root's
proposal tends." but added the Ital
ians thought formulation of the rules
of war for submarines should be ex
amined by a committee of jurists. The
text of the Root resolutions, he said,
had been cabled to Rome.
Senator Schanzer pointed out that
article one and article two of the Root
proposals appeared to conflict, inas
much as article one admitted with
certain reservations of the destruc
tion of merchant craft by submarines,
while article two "definitely pro
hibits" use of submarines for destruc
tion of merchant ships.
"I should wish, therefore," he said.
"to know In what way the second
resolution tallies with the first."
He also suggested that "a clear
definition of merchant craft" might
throw light on the question involved.
He invited an explanation from Root.
Sir Robert Borden for Canada said
ha understood Mr. Root to have sot
forth "existing rules which had been,
or should have been, the general prac
tice In the past to govern the action
of nations in time of war," and had
no doubt thee rules were correctly
stated and should have been followed
by belligerent vessels during the re
cent war, although in fact they had
been "wantonly violated."
RECLAMATIONUP AGAIN
Assistant Secretary of Interior Sug
gests Change In BUI.
THE OREQONIAN NEWS BUREAU,
Washington, V. C, Dec. 29. In a let
ter to Senator McNary today, the as
sistant secretary of the interior sug
gested a rearrangement of the com
bined western and southern reclama
tion bill, which provides J350.000.000
for Irrigation and swamp land drain
age. After examination of a new
draft of the bill enclosed with the
letter. Senator McNary said the de
partment had suggested practically
no change In the substance of the
bill. The purpose of the suggested
draft, he said, seemed to be merely
to clarify the phraseology with a
view to making Interpretation unmis
takable. In the letter the Interior
department took occasion again to
express a keen interest in the bill and
to urge that It be pressed toward pas
sage with as little delay as possible.
LIQUOR CASES DROPPED
Prosecution of 1 3 1 Persons In Fed
eral Court Abandoned.
PITTSBURG, Dec. 19. Prosecutions
of 131 persons charged with violation
of war-time prohibition and the na
tional prohibition act were abandoned
in federal court tod4iy.
District Attorney Iyon stated that
during the early stages of prohibition
many violations occurred, a number of
them through Ignorance, and that the
court dockets had become clogged
with cases, there being about HOD
still pending. Government witnesses
bnd disappeared In some cases and in
others arrests bad been made without
the necessary search warrants.
BORAH TO jJSE AMPLIFIES
Senator to Speak In Church on
Arm Conference.
THE OREOONIAN NEWS BfRKAI".
Washington. l ('.. Dec. 2V. Senator
Borah Is to speak to approximately
100,000 persons next Sunday from (he
pulpit of the Church of the Covenant.
Presbyterian, according to plan an
nounced today by Dr. Wood, pastor
of the church.
The senator's theme will be the dis
armament conference and the four
power treaty. Radio apparatus will
be installed. Dr. Wood said, to make
the address audible to K'O.OOO per
sons In the District of Columbia and
In the adjoining states of Maryland
snd Virginia.
the suggestion as a renewal in an
other form of the British request for
abolition of under-water craft altO'
get her.
In some quarters It was suggested
the French might accede to the plan,
on condition that the conference take
a positive stand for freedom of the
seas, a proposal which did not seem
likely to find favor among other del
egations. Among the Italians there
appeared to be a disposition to be
lieve acceptance of the proposal
might be to Italy's benefit, because
of the large amount of supplies which
she must bring over easily severed
trade routes In the hiediterraneon.
For the British It was declared
that even If the amended Root prop
osition were adopted, and submarines
prohibited from attacking merchant
ships, Great Britain would continue
to organize her trawlers against pos
slble submarine onslaughts. The Brit
ish, it was said by one of
SOLDO PLOTS MINTED
WAIt SECRETARY -ASKS MONEY
TO BL'Y CEMETERIES.
spokesmen, would not regard such a
proposition as tantamount to aboli
tion of the submarine because they
would feel that In time of stress an
enemy might disregard the rules as
Germany did In the world war.
The aircraft subcommittee which
practically completed Its report to
day, was eaid to regard the question
of regulating air warfare as quite ss
troublesome as the problem of draft
ing submarine restrictions. The re
port is said to recommend, however,
that some step in that direction be
taken by the Washington conference.
lieport to House Declares That
Doilies or .12,000 Men Prob
ably Will Slay Overseas.
WASHINGTON. D. C. Dec. 29 Pur
chase at an estimated cost of $111,000
of seven tracts of land In Europe for
permanent American cemeteries was
recommended today by Secretary
Weeks, who. In a letter to Speaker
Glllett. asked also that congress
their make an additional $743,000 available
tained the $20,000,000 state soldiers'
bonus bond Issue at their bid of $363.
202. premium and accrued Interest to
dale of delivery.
8. H green stamps for cash.
Holman Fuel Co., coal and wood.
Main "5.1: 5H0-21. Adv.
V
for improvement of the cemeteries.
Secretary Weeks estimated that the
bodies of 32.000 Americans who died
overseass would not be returned to
the I'nlferi Stntea He M arranr.
Imenta were helnir made to rnnrn.
trate the bodies in six cemeteries in
France, one In Belgium and one in
England.
The cemeteries which the war sec
retary recommended should be pur
chased and the cost of each were
Alsne-Marne. $20,000: Suresnes. $9000;
Komme, 111,000; Brook wood, $31,000:
St. Mlhtel. Hi, 0011; Olse-Aisne, $20,
000. and Flanders field. $5000.
JOY MAY BE UNC0NFINED
San Franciscan Will Celebrate
New Year's Eve.
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Dec. 29.
(Special.) Joy may be unconflned in
San Francisco on New Year's eve so
far as the police ore concerned, but
dangerous pranks and any form of
rowdyism will not be tolerated. This
is the edict of Chief of Police O'Brien.
Where any form of rowdyism ap
pears patrolmen are Instructed to first
warn the perpetrators and If warning
falls, to arrest them. Patrolmen also
are advised to arrest Immediately any
persons using an article or Instru
ment which might Inflict injury or de
stroy clothing, or any person dis
charging firearms.
Special regulations are provided for
automobiles. No machines or vehicles
can be parked on Market street.
Dancing until 5 o'clock New Year's
morning will be permitted In all bona
fide restaurants and hotels under po
lice supervision.
Prohibition officials announce that
redoubled efforts will be made by
their department to prevent the con
sumption of much liquor which has
been Imported for the occasion, they
sa y.
SAWS FOUND IN CELLS
ilnllbreak at Eugene Is Believed to
Have Been Prevented.
EL'UENE, Or., Dec. 29. (Special.)
Three complete hacksaws and a num
ber of pieces of saws, all of hard
steel, were found In the cell of the
Lane county Jail by Sheriff Stlckels
today. Two bars of an' outer win
dow of the Jail were sawed a few
days ago and it was believed that a
wholesale break for liberty would
have been made that day but for the
discovery. Today more bars were
found to have been sawed partially
and a bolt on the cage had been
sawed nearly in two.
This was done last night, the sher
iff said. The 20 prisoners In the Jail
were placed In the women's cells
while the sheriff and his deputies
made the search for the saws.
Gasco
Briquets
'All heat-
No ash"
Order at the Gas Office
or phone
Main 6500 Auto. 602-74
"CON" IN SPEECH SCORED
National Association of Teachers
Meets in Chicago.
CHICAGO. Dec. 29. There is too
much "con" in conversation. Professor
J. A. Winans of Dartmouth college
told the National Association of
Teachers of speech at today's session
of the annual convention.
"He who lives by the dictionary
shall perish by it." Professor Winans
said. "It is a fearsome book. When I
find a dictionary giving a word a doz
en meanings. I question If it be a sin
gle definite and accurate definition."
Ohio Bonus Bonds Sold.
COLUMBUS. O.. Dec. 29. A syndi
cate of Cleveland, Chicago and New
York banks and bond houses headed
by Stacy Rraun. Toledo, today ob-
WINTER HOLIDAYS
at Clatsop Beach.
Why not spend a few da-.i Just now
at the Ocean? It Is reached by a
short trip, you are always withlp. call
If necessary, and Clatsop Beach Is a
resort which offers delightful rest and
recreation. Hotels are open all vear.
and make special rates during the
winter. .North Bank Road trains leave
Portland daily at 8:15 A. M.. 1:15 P.M.
and 6:20 P. M. The morning and
evening trains carry observation par
lor cars dally, and the 1:15 Friday
and Saturday this week. Round trip
fares dally to Astoria $5.00, Gearhart
$o.9B. Seaside $6.00. War tax 8 per
cent additional in December, none
thereafter. Adv.
Piles Cured In to 14 Dar
Dructt refuntl money If PAZO OINT
MENT ft! to car Itcnlnc. Blind. Blad
ing or Protrudinr Pilea. Instantly rltva
liuoing Plies, sue. Adv.
HIGH in favor de
lightful in flavor:
Red Rock
Cottage
Cheese
a better food at a
lower cost;
fresh daily from
the dairy;
eat it every day;
it's a food for
young and old.
Our only product:
RED ROCK DAIRY
Shave. Bathe and
Shampoo with one
Soap. Cuticura
Cottran oapfitWfavantfrMftmstM9h$itoc.
HOLIDAY
rap0 FARES
OREGON
ELECTRIC RY.
TICKETS ON SALE
DEC. 22, 23. 24, 23, 26, 31,
JAN. 1, 2.
Return Limits Jan. 4.
Albany $4.20 Salem $2.76
Corvallia $4.76 Harrisburg $5.63
Eugene $6.62 Junction City $5.85
Also reduced round trip fares to
all points south of West
Woodburn.
EVERY DAY
ROUND TRIP FARES
Salem .. .$2.78 Hillsboro $1.16
Woodburn 1.94 Forest Grove 1.57
Return limit two days after
date of sale.
WAR TAX
8 To additional on tickets sold in
December; none thereafter.
OREGON
ELECTRIC RY.
fii We Tell U with Values :1
GREETING TO .922
THIS GREAT EVENT
Fittingly Closes the Momentous Year of 1921
rITH STRESS on the fact that in selling for cash only, without the main
tenance of an expensive credit bureau, which the customers pay for,
every woman in Portland has an equal opportunity without having to
contend with those shown a preference. 5
Too often are "sales" held in which "charge" customers are secretly invited
to a first choice of the merchandise, before the dear public with "cash in hand"
are asked to come and help themselves to what's left of the "hand-picked" stock.
Nearly 500 more new, spirited models added today to the great showing
Coats, Wraps and Dresses that are the fruit of our New York buying
organization's intimate business connections with the manufacturers.
w
We Make Good
When you make a
purchase here it is
presumed you are
satisfied. If not,
your money back instantly.
Never did such worthy work in
presenting the 'firsts" in Fashion
for the approval of the smartly
dressed women of Portland.
In point of style, these hundreds and
hundreds of most charming models,
just here from New York to brighten
this event, are excelled only by the
very high quality of the fabrics and
the superior workmanship.
32
The Coats and Wraps
acknowledged masterpieces of the day in every
likable fashion of blouse effects, full drapes,
wrappy models and straight-line effects, made of
the very best of the high-grade materials, such as
Silver-tip Bolivias, Velours, Veldynes, Bo- ?
livias and Swedines; elegantly silk lined JLO
The New Mid-Winter Dresses
From the variety of models and the newness of smart French touches, they sug
gest a showing like the opening of a season. Our New York buyers did them
selves honor in choosing them for this event. A brilliant collection of Satins,
Satin-back Crepes, Poiret Twills, Canton Crepes, Taffetas, Velvets and $- f
Tricotines elaborately trimmed -LvJ
0
Any Woman
regardless of age,
can be fitted in
figure and per
sonality, in sizes
16 to 44.
( 7
t! ffn H ( hy
EVERY MID-WINTER SUIT IN STOCK
and who cannot be satisfied from such a collection of Velours,
Suedynes, .Tricotines, Broadcloths, Silvertones and Goldtones
many beautifully fur trimmed
$16
Also
Los Angeles
and New York
Also
Seattle and
San Francisco
145-7 BROADWAY
t