THE HORNING OREGONIAX, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1921
ESTABLISHED Br IIENRT I- riTTOCK.
rubllshtt by The Greionlan Publishing Co,
133 Sixth St. to'., Portland. OreKon.
C A. HORDEM, K. B. PIPER,
ilanaier. Editor.
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AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH FRANCIS.
The speech of Premier Briand at
the arms conference was In effect an
appeal to the American people to
stand by France, both at the present
time by agreeing that a considerable
army is necessary for defense until
Germany shall have fully disarmed
In good faith, and in any attack that
Germany may hereafter make with
out provocation. While addressed to
the statesmen who compose the con
ference, it was in fact spoken over
their heads to the people without
whose expressed will the statesmen
of a republic cannot move.
Deep in the heart of the American
people is a feeling that, in defending
their own soil, the French people de
fended democracy and civilization:
that if they had been defeated, the
United States would have had to de
fend itse-lf, perhaps on its own soil;
that therefore, if Germany should
attack France again, the American
people would consider the attack as
made on democracy and civilization,
consequently on themselves, and they
would make France's fight theirs
from the first.
The American people have an
aversion to giving this feeling formal
expression in a treaty. Not only are
alliances and a treaty agreeing to
help France in war would establish
an alliance contrary to American
tradition:-they often delude nations
into expecting help which cannot be
given. In these days war is made by
the will of the people alone, and It is
Impossible to express in a treaty
what will be the will of the Ameri
can people even ten years hence.
They would claim and exercise the
right to Judge for themselves
whether. In the light of all the con
ditions at the time, they ought to
fight, and they wish to be untram
meled by reference to the wording of
any document, which might be re
garded as a legal contract binding
them to fight Nations cannot be
bound by contract to fight. The his
tory of the war is full of such com
pacts that were broken. Nations
fight as allies under the Impulse .of
common Interest, and ptich com
munity of spirit as, for example, de
votion to democracy gives.
The desire of France can be satis
fled In a manner that fully accords
with American tradition and senti
ment. The war proved that war be
tween the great powers of Europe
becomes world wide and draws in na
tions that have no Immediate inter
est in the quarrel and wish to re
main neutral. Hence a Kuropean
war has become the concern of the
United States. That fact warrants us
in declaring that, if any great power
should make war on another without
provocation, the United States will at
once consider the advisability of add
ing all its force to the nation attacked.
Such a declaration, made by the
president with the approval of con
gress, would be fair notice to Ger
many not to attack, to France not to
provoke attack. Being made by the
United States alone. It would be open
to interpretation by this republic
alone in accordance with the circum
stances and public opinion of the
time. The Monroe doctrine is such a
definition of policy, and it has pre
vented Kuropean aggression in the
western hemisphere.
Immediate reassurance can b
given to France if the United States
joins its efforts with those of the al
lies in causing Germany to disarm in
good faith. That would remove the
cause for France to maintain a great
army. In order to make good the
assertion that it is armed for de
fense alone, France would then have
to reduce its army and other Kuro
pean nations could reduce in propor
tion. In a sense Germany is on the
fence between democracy and mili
tary monarchy. The government is re
publican and strives to fulfill treaty
obligations: the militarists obstruct
these efforts and maintain military
organizations and armament, and the
government lacks the force to coerce
them. Combined pressure from the
United States and the allies. Judi
ciously applied, should fortify the
government to the point where it
can compel full disarmament. Then
we might reasonably hope that Ger
many would by degrees be weaned
from militarism and take its place
permanently in the ranks of repub
lics. That itself would be a guaranty
of peace better than any alliance.
Americans will be the readier to
support France if the latter co-operates
more closely with its allies. The
need of the whole world is economic
reconstruction of Kurope, to which
reduction of armaments would
greatly contribute. In anxiety to de
stroy and hold down German mili
tary power and to collect repara
tions, France has not given enough
attention to the necessity, in the in
terest of all nations, of lifting up
Germany economically. Of equal
importance to Americans, Britons
and Italians with restoration of the
French ravaged regions Is revival of
foreign trade, which Is held back by
the disordered state of Germany's af
fairs. All the nations named agree
that Germany must pay the indem
nity, but they desire that it be col
lected In such manner as to help, not
hinder, the economic recovery of
Germany, and with it of other na
tions. Franco has several times
acted independently, without prior
consultation and agreement with its
allies, on affairs of common concern.
n example U the French treaty
with the nationalist government of j
Turkey, which Mems to place France
on the side of the infamous Turks
against the Greeks. Though that la
not our affair, American detestation
for the Turks Is pen era I. and regard
for France is chilled by the spec
tacle of that nation grasping the
bloody band of Mustapha Kemal
Pasha.
SHALL THERE BE TEACET
To the Irish who follow the ideal
ist and radical De Valera, it seems
that the Irjsh republic may be es
tablished -and maintained against the
power and will of the British empire.
To Griffith and Collins, who car
ried on negotiations through long
weeks and months, face to face with
the representatives of Great Britain,
it is obvious that Ireland has wrung
from Kngland the utmost concession.
To the world, the treaty is the sym
bol and guaranty of practical unity
and permanent peace between Eng
land and Ireland, and there will be
astonishment, disappointment and
resentment if it shall be rejected by
JJall Elreann.
What is De Valera thinking about?
He says he is for peace, not war; but
it is obvious Jhat the responsibility
for peace or war rests with him, and
it can be peace if he wills it and it
will be something else also If he
wills it. In other words, if the two
factions of Sinn Fein accept the
treaty in good faith, the age-long
Irish question will have been settled.
One of them apparently the ma
jority would accept; but De Valera
would not.
It is quite possible that De Valera
thinks that, with the treaty signed,
there can be no pacification, for
there will still be an unreconciled
and irreconcilable majority, until
there is outright separation from
Great Britain. Whether there shall
be or not is largely to be determined
by him.
The oath of allegiance to the king
of Kngland, who is also to be the
king of Ireland, Is the chief sticking
point with De Valera and his follow
ing. But the oath will be to George
V as king of Ireland and as head of
the British empire, and it is such as
"any Irishman can take with honor,"
according to Mr. Griffith. It is a fine
point, but not too fine to cause De
Valera to take the enormous risk
invite the certainty of a continu
ation of deadly and disastrous war
fare. If the Irish are asked to be
one of "the commonwealth of na- :
tions comprising the British empire
as General Smuts well described It,
it is no more than the Canadians,
Australians, and New Zealanders are
satisfied- to do; and they are not
British.
The Irish question long ago ceased
to be a mere difference between
.ngianq ana ireiana; Dut it is a
world affair certainly an American
affair, made so by persistent appeals
of many Irish to American sympathy
and support, which they have had in
large measure. The opinion of
America without question is that Ire
land can with honor make peace
with Great Britain, on terms of the
treaty; and it should make and keep
peace.
RAILROADS AND SHIPPERS.
Railroads and shippers by getting
together on the question of revision
of rates recognize that they have a
common interest in reduction of the
cost of transportation, for that is the
only direction in which rates can be
revised at present. Manufacturers
and farmers find their markets re
stricted by high rates, and railroads
find their volume of traffic limited
by the same cause. While farmers
cannot sell corn and cattle at a profit
and while manufacturers can run
their plants at only a small fraction
of capacity, railroads cannot sell
their commodity transportation
and a large fraction of their plant,
represented by several hundred
thousand cars, is idle. They are all
in the same boat.
The situation is well illustrated by
the example of the farm wagon
which was quoted by The Oregonlan
a few days ago. The implement
maker could not sell his wagon and
the farmer could notell corn to pay
for it, and one important reason was
thih the cost of transportation added
to the cost of the wagon took so
much of the reduced price of corn as
to leave not enough to pay the cost
of raising it. The result is that the
manufacturer loses sale of the
wagon, his workmen lose the wages
they would have earned in making it,
the farmer probably burns his corn
as fuel and loses use of the wagon,
and the railroad gets no freight on
either wagon or corn. The loss of
earnings by workmen in the factory
limits the market for corn and holds
down the price.
Lower cost of transportation Is but
one of the things which will help,
but It will help all parties materially.
It would place the wagon nearer the
ability of the farmer to pay, and bj
Increasing his net return on corn
would increase that ability. Employ
ment of more workmen In Imple
ment factories would improve the
market for corn by increasing de
mand for it in the shape of corn
meal, cattle or hogs. '
Railroads realize that the sure
means to increase their net earnings
is to enlarge volume of traffic, in
which t"rey can do much by reducing
rates. They are revising labor agree
ments to reduce cost of operation
with the express intention of handing
over all that is saved to the shippers
in the form of rate reductions. In this
manner they hope to increase traffic
to the point where all cars will be
earning revenue.- By spreading fixed
charges over a larger aggregate ton
nage, this would further reduce cost
per ton-mile, according to the rule
that the more business one does, the
smaller is the cost per unit. Idle
factories and unsold crops are as dis
astrous to the railroads as to their
owners. Railroads "in the red" soon
begin to render such poor service
that they cause loss to manufactur
ers aid farmers as well as owners.
Railroads and shippers have a
common interest in regularity of rate
reductions as in the reductions them
selves. One of the evils of present
economic conditions is that fall of
prices has been irregular; that some
commodities have fallen below cost
of production, while others have re.
mained near war level. This mat.'
adjustment obstructs business by
putting prices out of line, some
things being so high as to be pro
hibitive to industries that use them,
some so low as to paralyze entire in
dustries. If railroads were to read
just rates to a correct relation to the
value of goods, they would con
tribute to relief from this maladjust
ment. Since we have become more de
pendent on foreign trade to keep in
dustry fully employed, low cost of
transportation has become a more
important factor in competition .with
other .exporting nations. In almost
any other manufacturing country a
railroad haul of 200 or 300 miles will
take goods from any point to the
coast. Manufactures In this country
have spread so far inland that a haul
of 1000 or more miles is often made.
This handicap of distance can be
overcome only by a low rate per ton.
and we may be beaten in the South
African market by the high rate
from some town in. Iowa to the Atlantic-
coast. The railroad's oppor
tunity to get something to haul
hinge on the manufacturer's ability
to, sell it on the other side of the
world.
PLAT A TEST OF CHARACTER.
Rabbi Martin Meyer of San Fran
cisco recognizes an old but not well
enough understood truth when he
says that the true character of a
man is more likely to be revealed in
his play than in his work. It can
also be said that a good deal of the
usefulness of the man is determined
by the nature of his recreations. Em
ploy men t.im poses certain restrictions
which play does not. The eye of the
superintendent, the natural desire to
hold the Job and its emoluments, in
business the realization that "hon
esty is the best policy" whether it is
dictated by innate desire to be hon
est or not, these are apt to influence
the worker in conforming to the con
ventions of the time.
But there are few or no penalties
for violations of sound ethics at play,
wherefore the player is cast back
upon himself. If be cheats to win, it
is likely that he is a potential if not
an actual swindler in other affairs.
If he takes advantage of an oppon
ent's misfortune, it is not hard to de
termine what he would do in a busi
ness transaction if circumstances al
lowed. The term "fair play" is' no
accidental mintage. Jt goes to a
fundamental of character and it is
filled with meaning when no thought
of play Is involved.
There is a difference, too. as Rabbi
Meyer points out, between living and
making a living, the difference con
sisting largely in the manner in which
we spend our leisure. Hi youth,
playtime is likely, if wisely directed,
to be highly educational; in the
adult it is apt to make or mar his
influence upon others and 'his own
outlook upon the world.
CORRUPTING RUSSIA'S CHILDREN.
Attention has been so centered on
the economic effects of bolshevlsm
in Russia, as evidenced by famine,
freezing, pestilence and paralysis of
industry, that its moral effects on the
young generation are apt to be over
looked.' Soviet propaganda Is aimed
particularly at training up the chil
dren of Russia as bolshevists by blot
ting out the memory of all that they
had learned before Lenin became
dictator and supplanting it with the
immoral as well as the economic
teachings of communism, in which
hatred of the "bourgeois" plays a
great part.
An example of the' effects of 1thi
teaching has appeared in London.
Two boys, aged 8 and 6 years, sons of
a once wealthy member of a noble
family, who is in prison, had been
forced by the soviet to attend a com
munist school while living with their
mother, who was suspected and
watched. The Times thus tells the
effect:
The boys grew rough and rude. They
began to use horrible language, and to re
peat filthy stories and Jokes. There seemed
to be no discipline In the school; the irood
manners the boys had learnt at home were
Jeered at as being "bourgeois." A de
termined attempt was being made lo cul
tivate in all the children of the school a
proletarian class-Instinct violently opposed
to all the decency and refinement and t-ha
system of moral checks In which if chil
dren are trained they may be expected t
become good citirens of a normal society
In fact the children were being deliberately
trained afl revolutionaries. They were
taught to sing the "Internationale." anil
among themeelves they sang a worse
parody that they had picked up some
where, ponelbly from red soldiers. Thel
were taught to scoff at the bourgeoise and
all Its works, and to glorify soviet lnstltu
tlons and ideRs. The boys were being rap
idly demoralised.
The mother smuggled the boys out
of Russia through Finland to Lon
don, where their grandmother had
taken refuge. The latter found the
elder boy, who had clearer memory
of the days before the revolution,
was happy to be in comfort and
peace, but the younger wants to go
back to Petrograd, saying: "I am for
the boishevlsts." He wants to run
wild, for he "hates being continually
called to order and to behave as
decent boys should."
Millions of children in Russia are
being "educated" as those boys were,
taught not only to hate the bour
geoisie but given the moral code re
versed. For four years this has been
going on, and eye-witnesses tell, ter
rible examples of moral depravity in
soviet schools. A whole generation
Is being thus corrupted at the most
impressionable age. The time will
come when many of these children
will scatter through the world to
spread evil wherever they go. They
will carry the taint of bolshevism far
into the future and this demoraliza
tion of childhood will continue as
long as bolshevist rule lasts.
STUDYING THE MOON.
It is an excellent omen
scientists are again turning
that
their
attention to the possibility of com
municating with Mars and the moon.
War was about to have destroyed
our final illusion and we were even
beginning to lose our faith in Santa
Clans. Now, however, come two
savants, to bid us take hope anew.
One says that the man in the moon
may be a reality; the other that we
need not give up hope of getting a
message from Mars. It is true that
neither makes a definite promise.
The lunar hypothesis goes only so
far as to declare that the moon has
an atmosphere capable of sustaining
human life; as to Mars, we may
require a radio station of at least a
million horsepower. But these are
details. Point out the direction for
our labor and we care little or
nothing as to the magnitude of the
task.
Colonel John .Millis, senior engi
neer at the western district head
quarters of the United States army
at Chicago, says that Einstein prob
ably was wrong in supposing that a
certain dislocation of the stars
noticed on photographic plates made
during solar eclipses is caused by the
sun's attraction of the light rays
from the stars as the rays pass
through the zone of the sun's influ
ence. But this, says Colonel Millis,
does not account for the phenomena
of the mysterious shadow bands seen
on plates exposed during eclipses,
anr! which he surmises may be
merely a refractory effect, "such as
is produced above the surface of a
hot stove." Such refraction might
bo accounted for though Colonel
Millis is careful not to say that is
the only way by the existence of a
lunar atmosphere which has hitherto,
escaped observation. Given an
atmosphere and the last ground for
assuming the moon to be uninhabited
Is taken away. The man in the moon
may be as real as the law of com
pensation, or as taxation after a war.
Meanwhile Professor John Flem
ing of University college, London,
has been making deductions from
the fact, already known to wireless
operators, that radio signals travel
ing from 6000 to 12,000 miles are
many times stronger than those
traveling shorter distances. He
thinks that this may be due to the
existence of conducting layers of
ether floating hundreds of miles
above the atmosphere of the earth.
Believing that the great strength of
distant signals may be due to the
functioning of these
conducting
layers as a kind of giant wireless
speaking tube, he leaves us to infer
that the secrets which we whisper
to the antipodes may be overheard
by listeners on other planets,
although our local conversations are
not. The precise nature of the con
ducting lane is not known to investi
gators, but the possibilities which
they suggest seem limitless.
Signor Marconi said not long ago
that we might hope to communicate
with Mars when we were able to
build a million horsepower generator
for wireless purposes. The conclu
sions of Professor Fleming, however,
are even more optimistic. He thinks
that the conducting layer to which
allusion has been made is caused by
electrified dust thrown out by the
sun, photographs of which he has
secured. The pressure of light, he
says, is strong enough to overcome
the backward gravitation action, so
that the particles continue their
journey toward the earth at great
velocity until they reach the out
posts of the earth's atmosphere,
where they are stopped by friction.
Every particle of this dust, says the
British scientist, contains an electric
charge so powerful that a handful
would propel an ocean liner a
whole day.
The obvious conclusion is not that
the problem of wireless communlca;
tion throughout the planetary uni
verse is about to be solved, but
rather that we may be on the verge
of discovering new materials with
which to work. The mighty force
which Professor Fleming suggests is
waiting just outside our own sphere
to be harnessed would put Signor
Marconi's million horsepower gene
rator to shame. It remains to be
discovered how extensive it is, and
whether it also prevails throughout
the solar system. Given an atmos
phere for the moon, and an all
pervading electrical force as a
medium of transmitting messages
from earth, and there would seem to
be no bounds to what the experi
menters of the future might do.
The announcement of the trustees
for Charles Ponzi that they will pay
a dividend of 10 per cent out of
funds salvaged from the wreck and
that there may be 15 per cent more
does not mean that Ponzi's scheme
was as much as one-fourth of a suc
cess, or that the victims of swindlers
have as much as a one-to-four
chance of getting their money back,
taking one swindle with another. The
"dividends" which are about to be
declared represent the vigilance of
the authorities In an individual case,
in which it Is now recalled that some
of the victims protested against the
interference of the law, but there are
swindles almost innumerable in
which nothing at all is recovered be
cause the participants are ashamed
to "squeal," and these reduce the
average recovered to a negligible
percentage. It needs constantly to
be emphasized, particularly for the
benefit of those who cannot afford to
lose even small sums, that schemes
promising fabulous returns do not
need to go begging for funds, and
that the chances of losing all that is
put into them are probably as large
as a hundred to one.
It is well that steamship com
panies should learn that the law re
stricting immigration has teeth. The
United States has enough to do in
providing for its present population
without adding to It artificially.
Chicago's chief of police promises
to make the town "so dry that it
squeaks." He's more- likely to be
called off as soon as he gets it so
dry that it squawks.
A Cunarder cannot bring to this
country any more Immigrants than
it can take back. Secretary Davis
holds all the cards.
A London astrologer predicts 1926
to be a year of plagues; but the ex-
position will be over by then and
none should worry.
Even this cold snap has one com
forting feature. It may give Port
landers a chance to see what a white
Christmas is like.
Laurelhurst is a large section to be
without a store; still, most . Laurel
hursters own cars and distance is
nothing.
Some special penalty Is needed for
a man who will leave a truck with
out lights in the middle of a road at
night.
Has it reached the point where the
government must put sailors on the
mail trains to watch the marines? '
The Christmas turkey will retail
around half a dollar a pound. The
day of the cheap turkey is past.
Another would-be killer simplified
matters by shooting himself. This Is
a sort of pardonahle lunacy.
Halcyon days for the night
worker. "The folks" have the house
warm when he arises.
When the Willamette freezes, then
will be real wintry weather. This
now Is an appetizer.
After the holidays, the Community
Chest. It worked well this year and
should next.
Shackleton has made his last start
for the south pole a pleasant sum
mer journey.
Since abolishing the queue the
Chinese are a little slow about taking
the cue.
Portland is sharing these wintry
honors with Oregon.
Great weather for
Salem.
'hot stuff" at
The Listening Post.
By DeWItt Harry.
BY DeWITT HARRY.
SUGGESTED subject for seasonal
playlet "The Coalman's Revenge."
Ask any householder how he feels as
he throws shovelful after shovelful
Into the maw of the family furnace.
And the girls, how they revel in the
cold. The colder it gets the warmer
the men dress. They resurrect flannel
shirts, heavy underwear and winter
overcoats, but the girls go In for low
neck waists and raid the silk-hosiery
counters. Reminds us of the visitor
from Minnesota who was told of the
women here wearing silk stockings
and light clothing and could not see
anything stranee about it for the cute
; thinas did the same in his sub-zero
climate.
How the Home-folks used to shud
der at the hardships in the battle-
line of the tales of the Highlanders
who wore their kilts in all weathers.
Not much shelter for the nether ex
tremities in a short kilt you must
admit, but the Scotchmen were not
any worse off than the women of
today. Now it's the style and with
the Jocks It was their regimental
uniform, both excellent reasons for
scant clothing.
The Benson drinking fountains i
one of the unique sights of the city and
undoubtedly do a great service. Just
how wide is their use can hardly be
understood by many pedestrians who
pass them by daily, occasionally stop
ping to quaff the bubbling Bull Run.
In summer the fresh, cool water is a
godsend to thirsty visitors, and much
favorable comment has been made on
their service and other cities have
imitated the standards. 1
Just take the case of the 4ld man
who found the fountain in front of
The Oregonian building of grea't use
yesterday morning. Evidently troubled
with a bad taste he stooped, took a
liberal mouthful, swished it around
from side to side and then squirted
the fluid Into the gutter. Reaching
into his face he extracted his teeth,
both upper and lower sets, and gave
them a thorough cleansing in the
flowing wjter.
Over on Broadway one morning a
young fellow stopped in front of one
of the fountains and had an inspira
tion. His clothes were wrinkled and
the indications were, from his gen
eral appearance, that he was down
on his luck and had slept out. In
any event he abstracted a toothbrush
from an Interior pocket and engaged
in a brisk scrubbing act, completing
his toilet by wetting a comb in the
running water and parting his hair.
Ready for another day!
In Prlnevllle It is not an unusual
sight to see a man hurrying through
the streets carrying a pail of water
that steams in the light, crisp air.
Of course Prlnevllle, like most mod
ern Oregon cities, has its own city
water s'ystem and all conveniences,
but there is a reason for all this.
The clear, sparkling mountain water
that flows into the city mains is
saturated with a liberal mineral con
tent and is what would be charac
terized as "hard water." In the great
Prlnevllle basin artesian water at
great pressure is encountered at a few
hundred feet. This artesian water ii
"soft" and reaches the surface in a
tfpld state from Interior warmth.
There are several artesian wells In
Prlnevllle and the water is in great
demand by the women for washing
their hair. The Prineville women are
said to have the softest and glossiest
tresses for this reason, and when a
man is seen scurrying through the!
city streets with a pall of water he
Is frequently assisting in keeping
Prlnevllle women near the head of
the state beauty column.
Sporting interest is of the keenest.
Many a game has broken up in a riot,
and such recently happened in Port
land. Soccer this time was the cause.
The under team, battling their hard
est, with one goal to overcome, re
sorted to all manner of desperate
tactics, and when the goal-keeper of
the winning side, by a miracle, saved
a perfect shot, the opposition forward
is said to have gone in with his fists.
In the ensuing Donnybrook even
the officials were mauled about, and
the referee was forced to call the
game. Spectators and players were
mixed in a close tangle and many of
the Brltlsh-born of Portland sported
bruises this week. Soccer Is just get
ting a stand here and a six-team
league Is putting up some fine sport.
The offending team Is understood to
have withdrawn from the league.
What a difference in the appear
ance of the ships in the harbor! Three
years ago it was a weird collection
of vessels, with their variegated strip
ing and camouflage and you had to
look downstream several times to
make certain that there were ships
moored at the docks and not phan
toms of some strange form. Now.
sans the varl-colored war paint and
the distorting designs they are once
more plying a peacetime ocean and
much of their cargo space Is taken I
up with stuffs from our late enemy,
Lieutenant R. A.
many Portlanders,
Blyth, known to
who served with
the C7th Canadian battalion until in
capacitated and who, clad in kilts,
assisted in recruiting in this district,
writes in from Sheridan that he is
making use of his "tin hat." Blyth is
now managing a 1400-acre ranch and
uses his helmet when harvesting
apples for the cider presses, going
under the trees and shaking them
down without fear of head injurlea
Another example of "beating swords
into pruning hooks."
Just a thought to the eagles and
other great birds in their,cages in the
city park. It's doubttess great pun
ishment to have to submit to captiv
ity, especially during the cold winter
days when flight above the clouds in
the warm sunlight should prove so
alluring. The house canary seems
more content with his lot, singing
away, apparently happy, but the great
birds of prey simply sit and sulk.
a a
Not knowing whether it's invita
tional or not, but just to call atten
tion to those Interested Did you
notice that almost every traffic con
trol standard is garnished with mis
tletoe? And the fine-looking young
policemen that stand beneath?
A correspondent tells of a young
married friend who looks so charm
ing in black that she has even con
templated taking an ax to her hus
band while he sleeps so that she may
have sufficient excuse for wearing
her beat color.
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Folks at (he Hotels.
Religious leaders have long been
advocates of the policy of beating
swords Into plowshares and spears
into pruning hooks. Bishop J. C. St.
Clair, pastor of the Christian Apos
tolic church of Chicago, reversed this
process when his nation entered the
world war. Before he entered the
ministry Bishop St. Clair was an ex
rert forgeman. When war came he
left the pulpit and worked in the
Gary forge shops at Gary, Ind., where
16 fashioned the material for plow
shares and pruning hooks into can
non and other equipment for the
American and allied armies. Bishop
St. Clair believes that the end of
wars will come through awakening
of the religious spir't of mankind,
rather than through armament con
ferences or education. "Religion is
the only solution of the war problem,"
he said. "Peace will rot come with
education, for often when education
is at Its highest point In a nation,
morality is lowest. France, under
Louis XIV and Rome under Emperor
Augustine are examples of this. The
United States leads the world in edu
cation, yet before prohibition of alco
hol came irto effect our land was
filled with revels at which young
girls were taught to smoke and
drink." The bishop is in Portland for
a two weeks' stay during which he
will conduct services at 129 Fourth
street. With Mrs. St. Clair he is reg
istered at the Oregon.
With 1000 new cases applying each
month for admission to the general
hospitals of the government, the prob
lem of caring for the ex-soldier is a
serious one, according to Miss Kath
erine Ewing of the -American Red
Cross, who is at the Multnomah. "It
Is not a quest'on of charity, but of
duty, for the Tiitizens of Oregon to
see that the ex-service men of their
states are p'roperly taken care of."
said Miss Kwing. "Just the oth.er day
an ex-service man who had an un
usual record for bravery in battle
overseas stumbled Into one of our
offices, sick and penniless. Those
who have not been through the gruel
ling experiences of war can hardly
realize or appreciate the feeling of
the ex-soldier who sacrificed every
thing for his country and now finds
himself sick and In want and realizes
that the fund to take care of dis
abled and distressed veterans is al
most depleted. Here in Oregon we
r.eed many thousands or dollars to
carry on the work of caring for the
boys who enabled us to celebrate
Christmas as a day of peace and good
will."
The next middleweight wrestling
champion of the world may sign "Gold
Hill, Oregon," after his signature on
hotel registers, according to M. D.
Bowers, member of the state lime
board, druggist and promoter of box
ing and wrestling bouts in the mu
nicipal pa vision of Gold Hill. The
prospective candidate for grappling
honors is Ralph Hand, a protege of
the Gold Hill sportsman. "Interest in
wrestling in our town is keen," said
Mr. Bowers at the Imperial hotel yes
terday. "We are trying to show the
sporting world that wrestling can be
kept clean and free of the crooked
element who have brought this excit
ing sport into disrepute." Mr. Bowers
is the son of the late Benton Bowers,
southern Oregon capitalist, who in his
youth was a member of the famous
Texas rangers.
"Salt Lake City Is an interested
supporter and booster of the 1925 ex
position, which will bring prosperity
to all the western states," said C. c
Neslen, mayor of the Utah metropolis,
on his arrival at the Multnomah hotel
yesterday. "We know the beneficial
effects of a world exposition from our
experience with the San Francisco
fair in 1915. At that time thousands
of tourists visited Salt Lake en route
to or from San Francisco. We are
already making plans for the visitors
to Portland in 192o." Mayor jsesien
conferred with Mayor Baker and city
officials on Portland's system of rest
dential and industrial zoning. The
Utah mayor Is making a tour of west
ern cities to gather material on city
planning for use In Salt Lake City,
"Business conditions in Alaska this
year have been the worst In 1 4 years,
but we expect a marked Improvement
In 1922." said A A Humfrey of Ju
neau at the Imperial yesterday after
noon. "The salmon canneries report
that prosperity Is coming back, oil
developments are expected, and new
activities in the pulp and paper in
dustry are opening up. Alaska will
co-operate to the limit In the 1925
exposition, for a successful fair will
benefit the entire Pacific coast." The
weather yesterday was Just right for
him, he said.
Basketball has supplanted football
on the college athletic stages. This
is the season when colJege players
Invade enemy gymnasiums to seek
the glory of a record of victories In
the holiday "barnstorming" trips so
highly valued by student athletes.
R B. Rutherford, football and bas
ketball coach at Oregon Agricultural
college, registered at the Multnomah
yesterday with a squad of basketball
players.
R. L. France of San Francisco, pur
chasing agent for the Southern Pa
ciflc railroad, and A. C Dixon, gen
eral manager of the Booth-Kelly
Lumber company, were among the
arrivals at the Portland yesterday.
Mrs. William Hanley, wife of Colo
nel Bill Hanley, the best known citl
sen of Burns, Harney county. Is mak
ing the Portland hotel her headquar
ters during a Christmas shopping
tour.
The lure of Portland stores brought
Mrs. M. C Woodard and her daughter,
Miss Catherine Woodard. here from
Silverton on a Christntas shopping
expedition. They are registered at
the Portland.
Ben W. Oppenhelm of Boise and
W. J. Watts of Mountain Home.
Idaho, are at the Multnomah. They
were called here as witnesses in a
government case.
B. F. McCullough, stockman of
Echo, is at the Oregon, having come
to Portland with a shipment of cattle
to exchange for the currency so
necessary at Christmas time.
Ed Dorgan, timber owner of Al
bany, is registered at the Oregon.
Loans ta Farmers.
PENDLETON. Or., Dec 18. (To the
Editor.) Will you explain the so
called farm loan? Is it a government
proposition? OLD SUBSCRIBER.
The federal land banks make long
time loans on farm lands. For details
write to Federal Land bank, Spokane,
or Inquire in your neighborhood
whether a Federal Farm Loan asso
ciation has been organized.
Local banks in co-roperatlon with
the War Finance corporation may
make short-time loans on agricul
tural products. Including live stock,
for purpose of facilitating market.
For this class of loan see your local
banker.
The Btate of Oregon also has a
long-time farm land loan system. For
information write to state land board.
Sale m Or.
SITE! Jr'OIl SCHOOL. IS rnOTBSTED
a
Correspondent Wants Land Ronght
for State Institution for R-oya.
PORTLAND, Dec 19. (To the Edi
tor.) I wonder how many pVopIe in
the state realize that when the Ore
gon legislature recently made the
appropriation of IJSO.OuO for a new
state training school for boys, it was
stipulated that ,the appropriation was
to be used for buildings only? This
means that the buildings will have
to be erected on practically the same
site as the old one. in close proximity
to the state penitentiary, the state
tuberculosis hospital, and the asylums
for the Insane and the feeble-minded
hardly the most Ideal environment
for boys whom we are trying to make
into good citizens. Add to this that
the ground available for this pur
pose Is practically all gravel and
rock, unsuitable for the raining of
gardens or the encouraging of any
agricultural pursuits, to say nothing
of supplying proper play-grounds or
athletic fields.
Although there is supposedly no
physical connection between tho
penitentiary and the school there
must. It seems, be a psychological one,
for testimony shows that the boys
frequently admit an ambition to, be
come Inmates of the "big house." as
they affectionately call tho peniten
tiary, and It Is also a known fact
that any period of restlessness or in
subordination In the penitentlnry is
instantly reflected by a like spirit In
the boys' school.
Why can not some action be taken
whereby good farm land may be ob
tained where the boys can be trained
in wholesome, healthy agricultural
pursulted by which they would be
fitted to fill honorable positions In
our community? Is not this a matter
of sufficient importance to demand
the attention of tho present special
session of the legislature?
Very trulv yours,
MRS. DALLAS BACHE.
The correspondent Is evidently
misinformed. The training school site
Is fully five miles from the peni
tentiary In an air line and between
six and seven miles by road. The
land Is of the character of that used
for farming by other state Institu
tions and Is suitable in larger part
for agricultural purposes.
Reinstatement of War Risk Inaurnnre.
COQUILLi:. Or.. Dee. 17(To the
Editor.) I understand that under
certain conlitlons lapsed war risk in
sutance policies may be renewed up
to December 31. 1921. Would this
apply to policies lapsed since Janu
ary. 1919. providing physical exam
ination at present proves! satisfac
tory? If so, since December 31 Is
near at hand, could you inform me
as to procedure that would enable
me to renew such a policy previous
tc expiration of the tlmo limit. Riich
as sending In advance the premiums
and then taking physical examina
tions upon receiving Information from
Washington, D. C?
I realize this Is an eleventh hour
proposition, hut there may be others
who, like myself, did not have this
new extension brought to their atten
tion, who were unable to carry their
policies artT discharge hut who lire
now able to and desirous of renewing
a valuable policy once given up and
nearly forgotten.
If the policy Itself were lost what
should be done? READER.
Tou may renew your war risk in
surance by going before an accredited
rayslclan and taking an examination
which shows that you are In go.vi
health and have suffered no disabili
ties since your dropped your policy
that would bar you. Send the cer
tificate of the physician to the bureau
ot war risk lnsurnnre In Washington,
D C., together with two months' pre
miums. No blanks are necessary, f.s
a formal letter of application for re
instatement will suffice. ,
The application must be made out
and mailed on or before December SI.
I", does not matter whether you lost
your old policy. Many men now hav
ing insurance were never issued poli
cies. Power of Illver Dreder.
PORTLAND, Dec. 19. (To the Edi
tor.) (1) What Is the highest lift in
feet of the Tort of Portland dredges?
(2) What Is the volume of output i
or pipe used?
(3) What Is the address of some
general markets for a write-up?
BARXETT.
1. Your meaning is not entirely
clear in any of these questions. The
highest lift ever accomplished by a
Port of Portland dredge Is 40 feet
above the surface of the water, dig
ging from about 30 feet below the
surface.
2. The greatest volume of output of
the dredge Tualatin, which Is
equipped with turbine engines, was
602.000 cubic yards in the month of
October, or an average of 25,000 cubic
yards per working day. For the other
dredges, equipped with recriprocating
engines, 10,000 cubic yards per work
ing day Is considered a good aver
age. Output depends largely upon the
character of the material In which
the dredge Is working.
3. As to the market for a write-up,
ft Is a good plan to select a periodical
publishing articles of the kind you
intend to writo, and then send your
product to that magazine.
Columbia Highway Blockaded.
WENATCHEE. Wash., Dec. IS.
(To the Editor.) Please give some
Information as to what. If anything,
is being done toward opening up the
Columbia highway. There are a
number, like myself, in this town who
are anxious to drive through to Port
land, and what Is true of this place
must. In proportionately greater num
bers, be true In the larger cities la
the east and south of this city.
If something is not speedily done
to clear away the slides that block
the highway. It will surely lose a
great amount of Its prestige as an
1-winter route from this side of
the mountains to the coast.
11. YOUXT.
DCXDEK, Or., Dec. 18. (To the
Editor.) Can you please tell me if
Its possible to. drive from Portland
to Walla Walla, Wash., via Columbia
highway, Umatilla and Tendleton?
If not, will It be opened soon?
WALTER ZW1CK.
Under present conditions it Is not
possible to drive from I'ortland to
Walla Walla. The htghway Is blocked
by a number of snow and Ice slides
In the Columbia gorge between Port
land and Hood River. It will be
several weeks at least, and possibly
spring, before the highway is again
open to travel.
Riddance of Palm Lire.
PORTLAXD. Dec. 19. (To the Edi
tor.) Could you tell me how to rid a
palm of lice? X.
Use a weak solution of nicotine
sulphate (trade name Black Leaf 40),
which can be obtained at any drug
or seed store in any quantity, direc
tions on packages. This solution
should be mixed with whale oil soap j
' I m
to make it stick to leaves.
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Montflgue.
poor nmr.HFi.Y.
A scientist has succeeded in extending
tho life nf a builcrKy from ven days t
twenty-five.
Time was, when from your chrysalis
You soared acrots the hills.
You found delight, and tasted bliss.
And knew ecstatic thrills.
The world was lovely to your gaze
As you went Winging by.
For though you lived but seven days.
You were a butterfly!
For you no love's ingratitude
Or benefits forgot
The niornirg honey-dew your food
The rose your fairy grot.
You fluttered round the rainbow's rim
Amid the scents of spring.
And died before the dust sre dim
Upon your shining wing.
Eut now, alas, comes envious man
Must basely to contrive
To lengthen your alloted span
Of days to twenty-five.
So you must linger on I lie stags
Till life, once free and fair.
Is turned by stern and chilling ag
To sorrow and dispair.
Three weeks! when one was quit
fnoutli
To flit through sun and shade,
And feast upon the filmy stuff
Of which deliKht Is made.
To wane, to droop, to fear the cold,
To view the world awry
A beaten thing. Infirm and old,
Alas! Poor butterfly!
a
Merely a Bouquet.
America doesn't care who writes
the laws of the nations so long as
she can right their -wrongs.
Kvenlnnlly
Sooner or later Europe will hava
to accept a policy of golden rule or
ruin.
- a
Hitman ature.
Most of us would pay our Income
tux with a lot bettor grace If we
didn't suspect our neighbors of
dodging theirs.
(Copyriaht by the Tioll Syndicate, Ine )
Burroughs Nature Club.
opyrtRht. HotiKhton-Mlf Clin Co.
Can
You Answer These (lueatlonaf
1.
Where can I find a good book
on Whales?
2. Are a snake's eyes left exposed
when It sheds Its skin?
3. Will poison kill sparrows? If
so. what poison is best and how
administered?
Answers in tomorrow's Nature
Xotes.
Answers tu Previous Questions.
1. Does a centipede really have a
hundred leps?
No. but I'he common house kind.
I In adult stage, has over a dozen pairs,
I the hindmost li gs being so long they
j look about like the antennae, and
plve the ceniipede, at a rough glance.
the appearance of being alike at hoth,
ends Young specimens do not have
all the leys developed.
2. How ran I prepare skunk hides
to avoid the rank smell?
It Isn't the hide that smells, hut
the glands at the base of the tail.
In which the fetid fluid Is secreted.
The i-kunk raises lis tall when eject
ing this fluid, and does not soil lis
own fur. Great care should be taken
to remove these Klauds from the dead
body without breaking them or in
any way pressing out the secretion.
a
3. How do sea gulls arrange st
the breeding season about following
vessels for food?
Sea gulls are nming ths birds
where both pnrents share Incubating
duties nnd care of the young. Wo
see- nothing to prevent their taking
turns In petting food from the waters
as usual, though probably they
might not follow ns far out to sea
ns when not cumbered with care of
yoiinr. The young are fed snuid and
marine refuse, if hatched nenr the
sen; hut will eat Insects when
hatched away from water.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years sro.
From The Or.-nonlnn (if Deeeniber 20. jenS.
Paris M. de Jeante, In the chamber
of deputies moved thnt tho govern
ment summon an International con
ference with a view to general dis
armament. The motion was defeated
by a vote of 4'JO to 35.
The new street car rate announced
bv the I'ortland Traction company is
55 tickets for 12.50.
The Equal Suffrage association held
a spirited aiul harmonious seas-ion at
headiiuartejsr; 291 Clay street, yester
day aflersFiun.
The officers of company A, first
regiment, . N. ti., have reslRned
owing to dissension In the company
and an election will be held to choose
new ones.
Fifty Years Ago.
prom The Orr-conian of Ieceinler 20. I S71.
Tho question of extending govern,
ment aid to American steamship
lims as a means of restoring our ,
ocean navigation Interests, has rn
gagid the attention of the chamber
of commerce of this city.
Montreal Is startled and Indignant
at the result of tho dominion census,
especially that part of it which
allows her but 107.255 people.
The funeral of tho late Sheriff
Cincinnati Bills, whose dealhhas cast
such a gloom over the city, took
place yesterday morning, practically
all public officials attending.
POLITICS I.VMMKKS CHITICISH
Those Who Object to Tumulty Ar.
tides Held to lie Partisan.
CAMAS, Wash., Dec. 18. (To the
Editor.) I have been reading with a
mixed feeling of amusement and dis
gust, the comments pro and con of
the Tumulty articles. One wrltor
arises to remark that it is presumed
the majority of The Oregonlan's read
ers are republicans. Grant It. Sup
pose that nlneteen-twentleths of The
Oregonlan's readers are republicans:
was not Woodrow Wilson president of
the whole United States? Your presi
dent and mine? But that statement
that the majority of the readers of
The Oregonian are republicans tells
the story. It Is the key to the situa
tion; especially so far as the an
tagonlsm to Mr. Wilson Is concerned.
Then If Mr. Tumulty had been a
republican there would have been no
opposition to his contributions as the.
have appeared In The'Oregonlan. Mr.
Tumulty lives up to his beliefs. Every
fair-minded reader, when he or she
lays aside selfishness, cheap wit and
prejudice, must acknowledge that the
Tumulty articles have been, and are,
able, straightforward and obviously
truthful.
Mr. Tumulty is a man of high In
tegrity and strong personality, snd
his influence with tha Wilson ad-
ministration Is admitted by men w ho
ere In position to know. J, li. V,
i