8
THE 3IORX1XG OftEGOXIAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 13. 1921
l ESTABLISHED BY HENRI I.. PITTOCK.
Published bv The Oresonlan Publiohinn Co..
. 13i ,;jiiu Slreet. Portland. Oregon,
t ,' C. A. MOflDE.V. E. B. PIPER.
j n . Alanuser. Editor.
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- HARDING'S FOREIGN" POLICY.
Eager acceptance of President
Harding's proposal for a conference
'..f tne five Preat powers on disarma
;. ."ment and of the Pacific powers on
affairs in the far east by the British
-t government, intimations that
-France also will accept and that
only one other power has not re-
plied are practical assurance that
the conferences will be held. To Mr.
Harding's initiative is due the most
promising effort, not only to bring
.. the world back to a peace footing
b"t to bring- it to a new footing, in
- which the minds of statesmen will
be turned to avoidance of the need
' ... of preparation for war by removing
causes of war.
Mr. Harding has kept his pledge
that the United States will do its
" duty to the world by co-operating
T.. w"h other nations in working for
. the common interests of mankind.
fe yields to no man in genuine
idealism, but it is ruled by common
."sense, which keeps realities clearly
' In mind and is governed by them in
- pursuit of ideals. His mental sur-
vey of the world showed that, the
' ; -war being over and the struggle for
the freedom of nations being won,
Z"' the obvious thing for the nations to
. do was to reduce their armaments
; to the proportions required by the
new situation. The burden of arma-
ment having been imposed by mili
; tarlsm. the best fruit of the victory
which destroyed the perils of mili-
tarlsm is relief from that burden.
- - War having bankrupted some na
. , tlons and loaded others with intol
'erable debt, victory should reduce
the taxes it imposes. War having
slain millions of men, the more rea--son
for putting those who survive to
work instead of training them fof
new war.
If the world has not gained this
much, of what profit would the vic
tory be? Some nations would have
won independence and some would
have retained independence that
might have lost it. but all would
have endured the slavery of oppres
sive taxation for armies and navies
to preserve what they have won or
might have lost, and this in addition
to the terrible load placed on their
backs by the war. The world now
presents the pamdox of being more
heavily armed after than before
militarism was struck down, though
its losses have doubled the necessity
v of employing every man in produc-
l live work.
Mr. Harding's policy contrasts
. ' with that of ex-President Wilson in
that he drives straight for the goal
and fastens the eyes of the world on
the end to be attained, while Mr.
- Wilson was too much occupied with
the league as a means to that end.
' Mr. Wilson found afloat in the mind
of t'he world a vague aspiration for
. some form of organization among
the nations to adjust quarrels peace
..r fully and to prevent war by invoking
the combined force of the world
v. against aggression. He sought to
j ! gratify it with a covenant hastily
drawn in an atmosphere still tremu
lous with the echoes of war and
- with the clash of national interests,
, and he made his league an instru-
, ment of the victors against the van
quished. He thus provoked contro
versy as to the form that the league
should take, and dissipated the
. -- moral force of public opinion which
'should have made it effective, turn-
- . ing away the public mind from the
goal to the route which should be
traveled to it.
Z..,. Mr. Harding has brought back the
people's minds to that goal, and by
driving for it he has concentrated in
; his support the weight of public
opinion which can carry Kim for-
ward to 1t. formation of a league
in which .all will work heartily to-
' gerther and which will accomplish
something is no simple task and in
volves deliberation on many things
wherein public interest cannot be
sustained. Lacking such sustained
.. .. interest, time and ej)erg- are apt to
be wasted until the initial impetus
" is lost like a river in the sand.
' Though the Wilson league is said to
hav been formed at Versailles, it
has so far only prepared for its
work and is destined to undergo
radical change while in its infancy.
Mr. Harding has focused public
opinion on the desire that is in the
minds of all nations alike, trusting
to its impelling force to drive the
- diplomats to remove obstructions
T from the road without waste of
time. By keeping before the peo
ple's eyes the promise of smaller
... armies and navies and lower taxes,
he may hold that force intact to
earry him through.
For actual disarmanent cannot be
expected until the way has been
cleared by removal of present causes
of war. early or in prospect, and by
... formation of an association which
can settle disputes amicably and
which can by mediation prevent war.
Thus we come back to a league as
the means to disarmament, but this
means is no longer magnified to
owju-f the end; we see the end
pTainly before us, and it will remain
in view throughout the advance to
it. Mr. Harding has already done
much to clear the way. He stands
. squarely beside the allies in requir-
ing Germany to make reparation
and to disarm, and he has sent dele
' . gates to take part in the councils of
7. tne allies. His call to a conference
; on far eastern affairs is a decisive
. ... step toward an understanding on all
; questions of right and policy among
the interested powers, which will in
spire all of them with, gurji co&Ti-
dence In peace that they will be
ready to disarm. Present occasions '
of conflict having been removed, the
nations can Jay aside their weapons
while they calmly and in a spirit of
confidence born of the harmonious
relations thus established, proceed I
to permanent organization for per
petuation and extension of the j
movement to disarm.
The president has taken firmly in
his own hands the initiative in for
eign affairs which Senator Borah
sought to snatch from him. He pro
poses broad measures which cover
the diplomatic adjustments that
must precede or accompany an
agreement to disarm. Mr. Borah
proposed only half measures in the
shape of naval limitations by the
United States, Britain and Japan
without providing for the agreement
on far eastern questions which
should come first. Mr. Harding pro
poses to clear the ground by settling
those questions first, then to include
the three powers in a five-power
agreement on both land and sea
armament. Mr. Borah carried his
point in congress, because all favor
his main purpose and those who
doubt the efficacy of his method
fear to be thought hostile to that
purpose. Yet any action by con
gress could not be effective, for the
work leading up to a conference and
with which its object is closely con
nected must be done by diplomats,
not by legislators. As the Borah
resolution is thrown into the shade
by the all-embracing programme of
the president, we may expect it to be
quietly supplanted.
All fear that Mr. Harding's elec
tion would mean abandonment of a
suffering world to its fate by return
of this nation to isolation is thus
dispelled. He has a well-defined,
affirmative plan by which the
United States will take its proper
place in the front rank among na
tions and will do its full paTrt in the
work of world reconstruction that is
before us.
J. II. ACKERMAN.
Oregon has had many great edu
cators since the days of Jason Lee
and Dr. Whitman, who are remem
bered, however, chiefly for their
evangelical and colonizing influence
in the missionary days of the Ore
gon country and who have a unique
place in history at the beginning of
the long train of events that fol
lowed them and their work. They
belong to the treasured past. Men
of the present generation have
grateful memories of other conse
crated men and women who gave
their lives to education, as Lee and
Whitman did to religion and kin
dred things. Among them are the
revered names of Thomas M. Gatch,
T. F. Campbell, Thomas Condon, J.
H. Wilbur, J. W. Johnson, David H.
Marsh, Thomas Fielding Scott and
others who have long since passed
on. Perhaps it is invidious to men
tion these among so many who de
serve the tribute of remembrance.
Xo man or woman reared and edu
cated in Oregon but has his own ap
preciative thought of some precep
tor who has had much to do with
developing his mind and character.
These men are typical.
Now J. H. Ackerman has gone
ahead. No one now living touched
the educational record of Oregon at
so many points, through so long a
time. It is not the time to measure
his service, nor to indicate his ex
act place, except to say that his
name will live long in the thoughts
of his hundreds and thousands of
former pupils, and of a public which
honored and respected him in life.
For more than thirty years he was
conspicuous in the state as a teacher.
He was a principal in the Portland
schools, county superintendent, for
twelve years state superintendent,
and for a decade and more presi
dent of the state normal school at
Monmouth. It is sufficient tribute
to him to say that he was always the
right man in the place he filled.
There was no desire or expectation
that he would be replaced by any
other. He had the confidence of the
teachers and the trust of the public
which knew that he was serving
them conscientiously and capably.
He earned richly what he had and
he leaves behind as his monument
the record of necessary work well
done.
AN EPOCH IN RAILROAD LEGIS
LATION. By the death of Charles A. Prouty
the American people have lost one
who has done as much as any one
man to bring about effective regula
tion of railroads. The last twenty
five years of his life were devoted to
that work, eighteen of them as a
member of the interstate commerce
commission, then as its director of
valuation of railroads, and during
the war as director of public service
and accounting for the federal rail
road administration.
The story of that part of his life
is the story of the development of
government control of railroads.
When he was appointed to the com
mission in 1896, it had been reduced
to practical impotence by court de
cisions which had shorn it of power
to decide what rates should be. It
could only condemn rates already
made by the railroads, and then its
decisions were often suspended by
appeal to the courts. If it won
thera, the railroads were free to
make another improper rate and the
weary fight began again.
Mr. Prouty led in the movement
to put teeth in the law by giving
the commission power not only to
condemn existing rates but to decide
what rates should take their place,
to suspend new rates made by the
roads and to stop or prevent rebates
and all manner of discrimination.
That movement gained strength
from the many consolidations and
combinations which marked the er
of reorganization following the
panic years of the nineties and
which showed slight respect for law
and the rights of the public. The
movement was taken up by Presi
dent Roosevelt, who threw his
prodigious energy into it and drove
through congress laws which gave
the commission real power. Other
laws passed under President Taft
amplified its powers and provided
for valuation of the roads which
should determine what, if any, pro
portion of inflation there was in
their capitalization.
Popular enmity, which had been
provoked by the arbitrary conduct
of the railroads in the past, re
strained the commission from grant
ing such advance in rates as was
made necessary by the rising cost
of operation in order that the roads
might render efficient' service, and
did much to reduce them to the bad
condition which rendered federal
operation during the war impera
tive. That experience and the ac
tual experience of the weakness in
herent in government operation ed
ucated the people to realize that a
square deal to the railroads was as
truly to their interest as . was a
square deal by the railroads to the
shipper. Clamor for public owner
ship was silenced and public opinion
became ripe for the Esch-Cummins
law, which extends the power of the
commission eo that' it protects the
railroads' right to adequate revenue
as well as the people's right to fair
and equal rates and service.
Thus the career of Mr. Prouty in
public service spans the whole
period of transition in the relations
of the railroads and the public from
th time when the railroads over
rode an ineffective law to the time
when they as readily as the shippers
turn to the commission in order to
secure justice, and when the com
mission exercises so much adminis
trative as well as regulative power
that in a limited sense the govern
ment directs operation as well as
rates. The courts having refused to
interfere with the discretion given it
by congress, the commission is su
preme over the carrying business
and wields greater power than an
executive department.
MAKING THE BEST Or IT.
President Harding states bluntly
the known truth when he declares
that the congressional proposal for
a soldiers' bonus at this time "would
hinder every effort of restoration
and greatly imperil the financial
stability of our country." It cannot
be true that the president, by his ap
peal to congress for postponement
of a measure committing the gov
ernment to an expenditure of three
to five billion dollars, has any
thought but the necessities of the
times and the plight of the country.
The measure cannot be made effec
tive now "without disaster to the na
tion's finances.".
No one is so well prepared to es
timate the financial condition of the
United States as the secretary of the
treasury and the president. But
whether that is so or not, they ac
knowledge and accept the respon
sibility for sound, safe and wise ad
ministration of public finance. They
say the consequences of bonus legis
lation now will be gravely damag
ing. If, believing it, knowing it.
they had failed to say it, they would
have been remiss in their duty. Was
anything else expected or desired?
It is not esy for President Hard
ing to disappoint the soldiers, who
feel, and who know that the country,
feels, that they have been inade
quately compensated for their ser
vice in the world war. It would be
insulting both to the president and
to the veterans to say that Mr.
Harding by his protest, invited
serious political opposition. It is
unthinkable that they, or the public.
will attach to his act any political
significance. It was on its face a
crisis which called for a plain recital
of facts and recognition of a situa
tion, and there was nothing else for
him to do; there is nothing for any
body to do but to make the best
of it.
OIK WEATHER AND THEIRS.
Dawn dances in with a cool
breeze, almost autumnal in its tang,
and bids it blow all the day long.
By 7 o'clock the sun is striding over
a cloudless sky, calling to the asters
to hasten and grow tall, and to the
grain to ripen a temperate, kindly
sun, with a color -and warmth as
genial as metheglin. The day passes
pleasantly in offices and on the
streets and in the fields where
abundant crops testify to the fine
blend of moisture and solar heat.
Xight comes down like an em
purpled weave of coolth and quiet
content. The coverings of the bed
are grateful to the sleeper and un
broken rest is his until another day.
And that, upon our word, sirs, is
but faint tribute to summer in Ore
gon. The other day in Montreal, a city
that oddly enough we associate with
snowshoes, the thermometer blis
tered at 105 degrees. In San Fran
cisco even the native sons protested
that the like had never "before been
experienced and assured the swel
tering tourist that 31 degrees was
phenomenal, exceptional, extraor
dinary and unprecedented. A for
mer Kansan, becalmed in Philadel
phia, removed his collar and spoke
with simple eloquence of the su
perior attractions of his native state.
"There," he said with sorrowful re
gret, "we used to foil the weather
man by sleeping on the lawn. Here
there are no lawns, and It's even
hotter than cyclone -weather back
home."
Through the great prairie states
the blight of drought, under a blaz
ing sun, is making its way. Every
where save in Oregon and the Pa
cific northwest the weather appears
to be unanimous and urgent and un
endurable. Visitors to Oregon always remark
the coolness of our summer nights.
They obsej-ve, as well, that Oregon
shade is ever a delight, beating back
the heat waves as no other shade
seems able to do. They dwell on the
fact that the warmest day is almost
invariably tempered by a wind that
rises somewhere over the blue Pa
cific and comes inland joyfully. We
who are dwellers here grow blase
with familiarity. Consider the
weather reports from any other dis
trict in the country and learn con
tent. INDIVIDUALISM WINS IN BRITAIN.
Settlement of the British coal
miners' strike may mark a new de
parture on the part of British em
ployers and labor unions in their re
lations. In a typically British way
they have continued to a finish a
struggle of endurance, and we may
expect that in the same way they
will accept the result and that other
industries " will adopt the lead on
questions of policy that they have
given. Each party has conceded a
new principle to the other. The
mine-owners have agreed to a mini
mum wage scale which shall be
raid before they receive anything
and that, after receiving a base
profit, they will divide surplus
profits with the miners. By accept
ing this arrangement, the miners
have in effect admitted that wages
can be raised only by increasing
production and thereby increasing
profits, not only in the aggregate
but per ton of coal mined.
This is probably the first time
that in an entire British industry of
great magnitude employers have
conceded the right of workmen to
share profits as an increase in
wages, and that workmen have con
ceded that wages can only be paid
out of production by increasing out
put and thereby lowering its cost.
Both parties thus recognize their
common interest in expanded out
put and reduced cost of production
which result from efficiency.
The points on which the miners
lost their fight are a national wage
scale and a national pool of profits
to be so divided as to equalize both
wages and profits in districts having
dissimilar conditions. Those parts
of their demands were a last effort
at nationalization of mines, af
which the socialist Utopians among
their leaders aim. These denjands
became the battlecry of the strike,
which was raise against every
earlier effort at settlement by the
small but aggressive communist
party, allied with the third interna
tional of Moscow. In order to gain
those points the railroad men and
transport workers, who are the two
other members of the triple alliance,
threatened to strike and completely
paralyze British industry and com
merce. They drew back on the eve
of the day set and the alliance dis
solved, its members now seeking to
place on one another the blame for
its failure.
The agreement thus marks defeat
for socialism, which seemed to have
been adopted by all British labor
unions, and a return to individual
ism which carries farther in that
direction than the point at which
they'stood before the war. Former
ly they acted on the theory that the
less work men did the more jobs
there would be and that, therefore,
the interest of labor was to restrict
production. The miners have now
accepted the opposite principle that
more wages and more jobs can come
only from increased production.
Formerly they held that wages were
paid out of capital, therefore could
be raised with small regard to
profits. They now, in effect, admit
that wages are paid out of the prod
uct of labor, by conceding that
higher wages must come out of in
creased profits. Under the old
theory, production per day per man
decreased one-third between" 1913
and 1920. We need not be surprised
if it should now return to, perhaps
exceed, the old ratio. British labor
may enter on a new era of efficiency
based on individualism, especially
if other employers imitate the profit
sharing plan of tha mine-owners.
The cotton operatives have" accepted
reduced wages, a new agreement
with the railroad men is under way,
and an end of the post-war indus
trial strife seems at hand.
The cost of the strike has been
enormous. In the first two months
of its duration it had cost the gov
ernment about J 100,000,000, to
which the subsidy of about $40,000,
000 must be added: had caused ex
ports in April and May to shrink
about $130,000,000; had caused the
mine-owners to lose sales of about
$260,000,000 and the miners to lose
about $240,000,000 in wages. It
threw 4,000,000 workers into idle
ness or on short time, increasing
payments from the unemployment
insurance fund to $7,200,000 a week,
which is three times its income, and
exhausting the reserve fund of $80,
000,000. Probably a billion dollars
would not cover the total loss. Many
mines can never be reopened and
much export trade has been perma
nently lost, mainly to American
mines.
If British labor starts on a new
plan of efficiency, it may make good
this loss and thereafter may be
ready to meet all competition. Al
ready there are signs of trade re
vival in the cotton and other indus
tries, and the nation may have
turned the corner from depression
to prosperity. In following a great
war with Industrial' disturbance and
trade depression. It is repeating the
experience which followed the Na
poleonic wars, and from the year
182 0 it passed through its greatest
period of development.
The public will easily get the real
point of Judge Rossman's decision in
the fire ordinance ease. Technically,
it is that any hotel which has a "di
rect connection" with a fire escape
through a hallway has complied
with the terms of the fire ordinance.
Actually, we should say, the mean
ing of the judge's decision is that
the ordinance is needlessly oppres
sive, and the Portland hotel was jus
tified in resisting its enforcement.
It meant the expenditure of many
thousand dollars in reconstruction
to satisfy a needlessly rigid and
newly-found requirement of the
building department. When the
hotel was built on plans made by
one of the most eminent architects
in the world it complied with all
existing municipal statutes. It may
fairly be asked whether a city
which authorizes construction of a
building, on certain definite speci
fications, has an equitable right, to
satisfy any new architectural notion,
or for any reason short of outright
public peril, abundantly demon
strated, to order it torn down and
rebuilt.
The third international at Mos
cow has been discussing the "neces
sity" of another revolution. But
revolution is one thing that the
world is willing to relegate to the
luxury class.
It may be true, as an authority
says, that "a dollar's worth of chuck
uteak will feed fifteen or twenty
men," but chuck steak is not fash
ionable and there is no use talking
about it.
Seattle can sell a man for big
money and two other men and still
stay in second place. Perhaps the
only thing- to help the Beavers is a
little dynamite in the ball.
The state supreme court decides a
man cannot be convicted a second
time for having the same liquor in
his possession. But another bottle
ah, that will be different!
Half a garrison asking for dis
charges from the army may indi
cate only that in times of peace the
average American prefers a peace
ful, pursuit.
A Chinese boxer appearing in a
local mill will indeed be a novelty
for the fans. One hardly can con
ceive a "heathen" using his fists.
The danger season for fires in the
city is at hand. The garden hose is
handy as first aid, but how many
keep it reeled and ready to use?
A woman alleges in her divorce
suit that she was married while in a
daze. Usually it is the bridegroom
who feels that way about it.
Just to remind that Roundup time
is coming, - a man In Detroit has
broken the roping and tying record.
General Dawes, who refuses to be
photographed, evidently prefers to
be heard rather than seen.
WHAT THE OREGON EDITORS SAY
Joys f Early RJalmc Discovered by
Ffllk I) own Lebanoa W'nr
Lebanon Express.
To Lebanon people who are accus
tomed to rising before or with the
sun, the early morning hour is the
finest time of day. It has a rich qual
ity that no other hour owns. It is
then that the new aay is received
fresh from the Creator, clean, keen
cut and sparkling as a jewel. The
early morning hour has a stillness, a
freshness, a sweetness and a frag
rance that are all Its own. To know
what beauty is one must be up before
sunrise and witness the slow and the
stately approach of the. day. the won
derful shifting of colors in the east
and the splendid sun itself as it
emerges.
One-Armed llnnKer.
Molalla Pioneer.
The Multnomah county officials have
been worried bv automobile spooners.
Their threats will probably have little
effect in reducing the volume of this
business. If they could compel tne
spooners to stop their car and get
out of the road it would be a good
thing. When one meets a car rush-
ints down a Bteep grade toward mm
at about 50 miles: per with the driver
steering with one hand and hugging
a girl with the other arm there is a
deire to relieve him of one of the
Jobs. Xo man can do justice to both
and endangers someone's life when he
tries.
The Glad Hand Extended.
Oregon City Enterprise.
Oregoi City has the setting for an
ideal city; a beehive of industry, con
tented workers, happy homes, schools
and churches unsurpassed. It's a
great privilege to be able to claim
citizenship in such a place. We will
Join in welcoming the stranger to the
best city in the best county and the
best state in the union. With due
modesty we may well absorb a little
of the booster spirit, not with apolo
gies for any shortcomings, but rather
a chorus of praise without a discord-
nt note.
The Unchecked Speed Cop.
St. Helens Mist.
In our opinion the "speed cop" has
no more right to travel at a speed in
excess of the state law, unless it be
when he is chasing a speeding auto,
than has the lowly and humble tax
payer, who pays the bill, builds the
road and drives at the speed specified
by law. Speed cops are necessary, but
they should drive as they tell others
to do. They are a portion of the
strong arm of the law and should set
an example for the ordinary motorist.
Help the Restless Boy.
La Grande Observer.
There i no reason whv th man
who produces what people eat and the
wooi tney wear snouia not nave as
many conveniences, as many luxuries
and live with as much ease as the
man who follows other lines of busi
ness. If we are to admit this cannot
De uone; ir we are to say that farm
ing Is a callinsr which diOes not pro
vide these modern conveniences, then
how can anyone urge the boy to stay
with the farm?
"Feedlns; the Brnte."
Eugene Register.
Salads and sandwiches and desserts
which look like girls In party dresses
are all well enough in their way. but
tne hungry man, like Thomas Atkins,
"wants bulk in his insides," and the
domestic science teacher who teaches
her class of June brides how to pre
pare the3e good old-fashioned dishes
is helping to lay the foundations for
happy, successful homes.
The Old Gray Horse.
Astoria Budget.
Sam Gompers is 71' years old and
still alert, active and aggressive.
There Is an old eong which goes, "The
old gray mare is not what she used to
be forty-odd years ago," but it does
not apply to the old horse of organ
ized labor. Old Sam' Gompers is just
what he used to be forty-odd years
ago.
The Hopeless" Minority.
Hillsboro Independent.
But 41 per cent of the registered
voters went to the polls at the June
election and but 19 per cent amended
tho constitution by enacting the wom
an Juror law. Great is the Oregon
system! Let the will of the people
prevail!
Convention City.
Eugene Register.
Having majiy of the advantages of
a larger city and none of the disad
vantages, being of central location,
and with a hospitable welcome ready
for any gathering, there is every op
portunity for Eugene to become the
"convention city of Oregon."
The Wll-Bnrlered Town.
Wheeler Reporter.
First impressions are lasting, and if
a stranger visits a community or
town that Is clean he will no doubt
remember it kindly. It does not cost
much to clean up, and the personal
staisfaction of living amid clean sur
roundings more than repays one.
Every Dollar Given Is sn Asset,
Forest Grove News-Times.
Liberality never killed a town.
Every public enterprise ought to re
ceive' encouragement. When you give
a dollar toward improving the town
you do not throw away your money,
but simply make a good investment.
Trim the Frills.
Sclo Tribune.
Cut off the barnacles who are liv
ing at the expense of the taxpayers.
Dispense with the barnacles and we
can continue to build roads and re
tain our high schools.
Business Confidence.
Astoria Budget.
Confidence is a wonderful thing and
the man who wins it from the public
has an asset that doesn't show in his
book resources, but adds substantially
to his bank balance.
Back to the Primitive.
Albany Democrat.
The way to stop race wars, or any
other kind of wars, is to disarm all
the potential warriors. When people
trust to their bare fists . they get
along more amicably. -
W hen the Tub Slopped Over.
Coquille Sentinel.
On account of overflowing' of Mrs.
Wright's bathtub over my store I will
sell at a bargain dress goods, beauti
ful voiles, white skirting, waisting,
fine flannels, remnants, etc.
Serve Something to Survivors.
Glendale News.
Planting trees in memory of our
soldier dead is a commendable act, but
why not a little of the fruit for
those who were only half killed?
Disarm the "Gun Toter."
McMinnvllle Telephone-Register.
Why not protect the lives of our
boys and girls, the lives of our own
American citizens by having laws per
ta'ning to personal disarmament?
Where the Latchatrinir Hangrs Oat,
Ontario Argus.
Ontario Is the front door to Oregon.
It is the first city travelers from the
east will visit on their tour of the
state. '
The Lake County View.
Silver Lake Leader.
Hurrah again! Off with still a little
more! We men vw-ill look the other
way wh&n our. wolves ar around.
Those Who Come and Go.
Tales of Folk at the Hotels.
Chief of scouts in the Modoc war
In 1873, Captain O. C. Api.lega.te. of
Klamath Falls, is in Portland to see
his grand-daughter. Peggy Halferty,
age 3 weeks. The captain is a mem
ber of the pioneer Applegate family.
His father wjas the first agent at the
Klamath aarency. andi he went with
his father as chief clerk. When Cap
tain Jack and his band of hostile
Modocs broke out, killing a settler
near Tule lake, not far from where
the town of MerriH is now. Captain
Applegate rode from LInkville (now
Klamath Falls) to Tule lake in one
day. and then that night he rode back
to Yalnax. the sub-agency, to pre
vent the Klamaths from going on the
warpath with Captain Jack. Captain
Applegate saw Chief Schonchin and
a pow-wow was called for sunup
Chief Schonchin told his braves that
Captain Jack was a bad Indian, as he
had brqken his treaty with the
whites. Then Captain Applegate
said: "Boys, there's a lot of work to
do." so he led them to the forest to
chop wood for the winter. This gave
the Klamaths something to think of
besides warfare. Having taken care
of the Klamaths, the captain re
turned to Linkvllle and was placed
in command of scouts, while Captain
Jack and- his men retreated to -the
lava beds, where for a time they de
fied the entire United States army.
It was against the advice of Captain
Applegate. and other experienced men
that the' peace commissioners met
under a flag of truce with tho iios
tils. The Modocs murdered the peace
commissioners, with one exception,
and also slew General Canby. The
ride from Linkville to Tule lake and
then to Yalnax was a hard ride in
those times, and Applejrate had to
cross two mountain ranges. His
brother, Ivan D. Applegate. rode part
of the way. but left to warn the set
lers in Swan Lake valley, where the
Appleerate family had large stock in
terests. Peggy Halferty's mother,
Mrs. Z. T. Halferty, is a resident of
Kodiak. Alaska. Peggy was the mag
net which drew the old Indian fighter
to Portland for a few days.
"We believe we have one of the
finest street railway systems in the
L'nired States and one of the very few
systems still maintaining a S-cent
fan:." states William Von Puhl, presi
dent of the San Francisco privately
operated street railways, who is reg
istered at the Multnomah with his
wife and four daughters. The fam-
ilv flrnv to Portland by automooue
"San Francisco also has a municipally
owned street railway, competing with
our lines, and on Market street the
municipal tracks are laid outside of
our tracks, making four lines on this
street. This naturally handicaps our
sorvice, as passengers discharging
trom or boarding our cars nave to
cross the municipal car tracks. We
have, however, so systematized our
service that accidents are at a min
imum." -Mr. Von Puhl and. party ex
pect to remain in Portland about five
davs. making the trip over the entire
Columbia River highway, as well as
all other scenic roads adjacent to
Portland.
One of the chancellors of the Chi
nese government is C. P. Tsi. regis
tered at the Hotel Oregon. Although
he registers from New York, Mr. Tsl
is reallv from Pekin and is now on
his way home, after crossing the
United States. In the days of the
Manchurian empire he was a chan
cellor even then. Educated in Paris,
Mr. Tsi speaks several languages.
His visit to the United States has
been mainly for the purpose of study
Ing the educational system here, or
rather to look over the universities
and colleges. On'his way to Portland
he "took In" the Yellowstone pars..
Yesterday he was in the hands of a
reception committee of his country
man and last night he was the prin
cipal speaker at a big affair In old
Chinatown. Today ha leaves lor &ar
Francisco, where he will visit severe
days before taking passage for the
trip across the Pacific ocean.
At Second and Burnside streets the
automobile of Joseph H. Clark co
lided with the bicycle of a messenger
boy and one pedal of the wheel was
broken. A crowd, sucn as is aiway
standing at that intersection, swarmed
around the automobile and promptly
declared that Mr. Clark was respon
sible. for Mr. Clark looked prosperous
and such an appearance Is prima facie
evidence of guilt at Second and Burn
side. This collision was the only un
toward event in the trip which Mr,
and Mrs. Clark and their daughter
had coming from Oakland, Cal. "To
think that I drove about 1000 miles
without incicfent. and then this affair
pops up just as I was at my Journey's
end and on my way to the Hotel Port
land," announced Mr. Clark In disgust,
as he made a report of the accident.
What appears to have been a de
liberate attempt to start a run on
one of the biggest banks in Tacoma
came to light yesterday in the hotel
lobbies. Some group of men would
call people on the telephone and say
that if the person who answered the
phone call had a deposit in a certain
bank that they would better draw it
out, as the bank was about to fail.
This insid'ous propaganda was car
ried on for several days, but efforts
to trace the mysterious calls failed.
Another plan was for men to meet
children on the street and tell them
that when they went home to inform
their parents that the bank was
going to break.
The Morrow ocunty expatriates who
reside 'n Portland, and make their
headquarters in the Imperial lobby
have elected officers for the ensu
ing year. The officers are: Presi
dent, Henry Blackman; vice-president,
Mrs. J. D. Brown; secretary,
John Horner, and treasurer. J. W.
Beckitt. The next picnic of the asso
ciation will be held July 4, 1922.
Banks in Oregon are getting along
pretty well and will manage to han
dle the big crops now beimg har
vested, according to Frank Bram
well, state superintendent of banks,
who was in the city yesterday on
business. Some relief to the banks
in several counties has been afforded
by advance payments on wheat con
tracts. ' To attend the telephone rate re
hearing there arrived at the Hotel
Fortland yesterday fro,al San Fran
cisco H. D. Pillsbury. C. E. Fleager
and C. V. Blanck. Fred Buchtel, one
of the public service commissioners
who will hear the arguments, also
was in town yesterday from Salem.
Percy Cupper, state engineer, was
in Portland yesterday for a confer
ence over the . long-proposed irriga
tion project at Silver Lake. A de
cision In this matter is expected
shortly.
Three officials of the Shell Oil
company arrived at the Multnomah
yesterday. They are H. S. Balsford
and W. A. Chipps of Los Angeles and
H. H. Beers of San Francisco.
W. Sneddon, long-time resident of
Marshfield, is registered at the Per
k'ns. All things considered, condi
tions in th Coos Bay country are
satisfactory.
W. P- O'Brien, newly elected presi
dent of the chamber of commerce of
Astoria, is registered at the Benson
Alfred C. Schmitt. in the banking
business at Albany, is among tho
Benson arrivals.
IS WELFARE WORK OVERDONE! !
Third of People Busy Bothering; Those
Who Want to Be Let Alone.
Et. W. Howe In Howe s Monthly.
When & stranger appears in a com
munity, and, after ringing the school-
house bell to attract the inhabitants,
proceeds to tell them how good and
wise he is and how ignorant and
vicious they are, I do not like the fel
low. I believe neither in his superior
goodness nor in his superior wisdom.
Yet this sort of thing is as common
today in communities as are lice in
army camps during war. No one
knows the figures, but I believe that
in this country today one-third of the
people are In some way connected
with bothering tnose willing to work
at the appointed, natural and neces
sary tasks of mankind. And I fur
ther believe that it is largely owing
to these ineffective pests that our
tajteB, public and private, have be
come staggering, while public condi
tions are certainly no better than
they were when a far smaller num
ber of men and women engaged in the
abomination known as public wel
fare work.
I believe everyone with a mind
capable of analysis has a very strong
suspicion, if not conviction, that the
railroads have been ruined and ren
dered less effef ' ve than they might
be by attempts of reformers to re
form them. It is a peculiarity of pub
lic welfare work that while the pro
posed benefits are always problemat-i
cal, the feature of expense is never
absent. And the railroad problem is
entirely a financial one; rates have
become so high, because of attempts
of public welfare workers to lower
rates, that we hear of industrious
farmers sending produce to market.
and not receiving sufficient returns
to pay the freight charges.
The same situation existB in other
lines of necessary endeavor. How
earnestly we have desired, and how
liberally we have paid, to provide ex
cellent schools; yet the procession of
public welfare workers to school
houses has been so great, and mem
bers of boards of education so open
minded when the welfare of youth is
concerned, that we have made so
many "improvements" that many are
now saying our schools, like our rail
roads, have been ruined.
How earnestly we have desired the
good of women! No men in history
have been as gallant as the Ameri
can men in protecting their women
and giving them larger opportunities,
as proposed by the public welfare
workers, yet the leading article in
the current number of the Literary
Digest is headed: "Is the Younger
Generation in Peril?" Girls are more
particularly mentioned, but, so far as
the boys are concerned, we have been
very industrious in providing Y. M.
C. A. buildings and uplifting by
means of Boy Scout organizations.
In the Digest discussion the charges
always are too much liberty: too
much idleness; and both of these have
been granted because of clamoring
from public welfare workers.
1 believe in modest missionary
work, and all my life have found
much of it to commend. I have never
lived In a community where the
marked tendency among the ordinary
citizens was not toward good morals,
education, progress and help for the
unfortunate. No man Is so busy he
has not time to instruct boys iy rules
to assist them in becoming good and
useful citizens; I scarcely have ever
known a woman not a missionary
among girls; but 1 do not like the
public welfare worker who appears in
a community, and. after ringing the
schoolhouse bell to attract the people
proceeds to tell them how good and
wise he is, and how ignorant and
vicious the.y are.
HOW JAPAXESB DWARF TREES
Principle of Survival of the TJnflttest
Is Employed by Gardeners.
Sclentifio American.
The little Japanese trees exhibited
in the windows of Japanese novelty
shops never fail to excite considerable
interest. In Japanese horticulture the
art of landscape gardening on a min
iature scale plays an Important role.
Hence the Japanese in order to carry
out their miniature landscape gar
dening with the utmost realism and
fidelity have had to raise dwarf trees
for this purpose.
So the custom of dwarf trees has
become an established one in Japan,
some of these trees attaining the age
of 200 years. The whole system of
culture of these tiny trees may be
summed up in the reversal of nature's
method. It really consists not in the
survival of the fittest, but rather in
the survival of the unfittest, eo to
speak. A poor, weak seed is U6ualy
chosen and planted. As soon as it
has attained some growth, the leading
shoot is trimmed off. The little plant
then grows two other shoots and
these are carefully watched. When
one shoot exhibits a Btrength that is
vitally greater than its fellow, it is
at once cut off and the weaker shoot
left untouched in order to form the
future dwarf tree's main stem or
trunk. This system of trimming and
cutting is followed punctiliously.
Water is seldom used only in such
small quantities as to keep the little
plant actually alive. The tree is kept
in a pot too small for its full devel
opment and the roots are constantly
pruned. The shoots are carefully
trained and bent to follow the growth
of a large tree. When such a tree
has been growing for about five
years It can be left to tke care of
itself, since it has become accustomed
through Its training to follow the
rigid course laid out for It, and can
then be trusted not to strike out
again in the pusuit of its natural
size and vigor.
WHY A FIREFI.Y IS IDMIXOtTS
Answering; Seemingly Simple Question
Is JSo Easy Matter.
Indianapolis News.
The dictionary defines a firefly as
an insect which has the faculty of
becoming luminous; a lampyrid or
elaterid beetle which emits phospho
rescent light from organs in some
part of the body. One of .the com
monest American species is alampy
rid, Photinus pyralis, "vulgarly called
lightning bug." The larva also is lu
minous and the child- who thinks he
has found the business end of a fire
fly resting in the grass may be Informed-
that this is the larva. The
Encyclopedia BrMtannica is inclined
to the belief that the light shed by a
firefly is a signal to mate or com
rade, thus affording recognition in
the dark. Citing an authority, the
Encyclopedia continues:
"In the wingless female glow worm
the ruminons region is at the hinder
end, the organ emitting the light,
consisting, according to H. von Wie
loweskl. of cells similar to those of
the fat body, containing a substance
that undergoes oxidation. The illu
mination is intermittent and appears
to be under control of the insect's
nervous system. The well-known
"fireflies" of the tropics are large
click beetles that emit light from
paired spots on the prothorax and
from the base of the ventral abdomi
nal region. The luminous organs of
these beetles consist of a specialized
part of the fat body, with an inner
opaque and an outer transparent
layer. . . . R. Dubois considers
that the luminosity is due to the in
fluence of an enzyme in the cells of
the organ upon a special substance in
the blood."
Thus it will be seen that answering
a child's question as to what and why
the firefly Is, is no simjle matter.
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Monfasur.
THE I5LID COP.
Funny guy. Policeman Casey, he "can
see straight through a wall.
An" can spot a prowlin' sneak-thief
watchin' out to make a haul.
He can look right round the corner
in the middle of the night.
And get on the Job like lightnin". when
a rough neck 6tarts a fi:;ht.
He seems always to be watchin' when
there's trouble anywhere.
But he never see us -bathin' in the
fountain on the square-Mix-ups
do not last a minute; if
they're started on our street.
When them touch nuts want a riot,
they get off o' Casey's beat.
We don't dast to swipe an orange off
a push cart any more.
Of get rid o' bocus quarters in the
blind Eyetalian's store.
Casey'd grab us in a minute if we
pinched a chunk o' coal.
But he never see us strippin" to get In
our swimmin' hole.
When the streets is like an oven in a
ce'.lnr bakin' shop.
An' a feller keeps on wiltin' till he
thinks he's goin' to flop.
We sneak down behind the statues,
peel our rass orr to the skin.
Wait until there's no-one lookin. but
the sparrows, an' it in.
Casey always passes by us half a
dozen times a day.
But he's lookin' out for trouble that
might start across the way.
He's a touch old bird, is Casey; when
a guy gets in a scrap
He is loaded in the wagon with an
awful messy map.
Even kids will holler murder when
he grabs 'em by the hair
After they've been rollin ivories, un
derneath the school house stair.
Nothin' that his Job is Ftoppin' ever
pits away from him.
But he doesn't ever see us when we
strip to take a swim.
Proverb.
In our journey bauk to prosperity,
the more waste the less speed.
...
Touch.
The return of Bill Haywood to
Leavenworth aroing to make imprison
ment there unconstitutionally "cruel
and unusual" for the rest of the con
victs? A Xerr One.
We have heard of the salting of
gold mines, but until recent develop
ments in Mexico we never heard of
salting oil wells.
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright, HouKhtonOiif f lin Co.
Can You Answer These Questions?
1. Why should cut flowers be
wrapped and kept from air in trans
portation? 2. Why does a rattle snake rattle
at all?
3. Why do owls 6ee by night In
stead of by day?
Answers In tomorrow's nature notes.
Answers to Previous Questions.
1. Please tell if possible, for what
reason nature gave the moose the flap
of ekici on his neck commonly called
a belL
It is impossible to answer the "why"
as to ornaments given the creatures.
The "bell" is really a dewlap, some
thing akin to the hanging folds on the
underneck of the ox tribe, or even the
wattles on" certain male birds. In old
moose the bell often shrinks and is
hardly noticeable.
2. Can the wild rabbit he domesti
cated? It has 'been domesticated, in the
breeds now so well established, as
they are descended from wild ones.
But they have been greatly modified
by artlfical selection. As rabbits are
not expensive, and as the domesti
cated varieties have been bred for
flesh or for fur, we see no advantage
in trying to domesticate a wild one,
unless a pet is desired in some indi
vidual case.
S. If a female bird is killed after
young are hatched, will the widower
bring a new mother to the nest?
The point of a bird that has lost fbs
mate, seeking a new one. seems to be
more relateed to the widowed party's
need for a new partner for a second
brood than a question of getting a
step-parent for the young. In case
the mate is lost before eggs are laid,
or even aftter they are laid, but not
hatched, a new mate may be called,
but is not likely to be sought after the
eggs are hatched.
In Other Days.
Fifty Years Ago-
From The Oregonian of July 18, 1S71.
Berlin. The Saxon troops which
participated in the war with France
made their triumphal entry into
Dresden today and it was announced
that the emperor has made the crown
prince of Saxony a field marshal, of
the empire.
Governor Bowen, the new executive"
of Idaho, has reached Boise and has
taken over affairs. He comes from
Arkansas.
Three iron cells for the jail at Al
bany have been shipped by boat from
here.
General Don Jose le "Vega, only 27H
Inches high, weighing only 82i
pounds, will appear at the Washing
ton guard's armory this evening.
Twenty-five Years Aaro.
' From The Oresonlan of July IS. 1SS.
St. Louis. "Teller is still our man"
Is the cry of the populists, who are
opposed to the Bryan nomination at
Chicago, and if Bryan becomes the
populist candidate by ratification it
will be only after a hot fight.
Seattle. Colonel James Hamilton
Lewis, who received the complimen
tary vote of his delegation for vice
president, wants to be governor and
would like to run on a fusion ticket.
Notwithstanding reports that in
favorable weather has spoiled some
of the cherry crop, there is a good
supply and some shipments have been,
made to Boston.
The fencing of the sidewalk at
Third and Washington in front of the
Ladd estate building is causing a lot
of inconvenience to pedestrians, but
it is not known what can be done
about it.
Hens Do Their Best.
Boston Transcript.
"Couldn't you find any eggs?" a
woman tasked her little city" nlere
who was visiting her on her farm.
"Xo. auntie," said the child, "the
hens were scratching all around as
hard as they could, but they hadn't
found a single egg."
New Dance Is Invented.
London Passing Show.
Algy Parker, I'm ruinersoclallyl
Last night at the ball I drank too
much and staggered Into everybody.
Valet Scarcely that,, sir. Everyone's
talking of you as inventing a new;
dene.