10
TIIE MORNING OREGOXIAN, WEDNESDAY, MARCH. 23, 1921
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ESTABLISHED BY HENRY L. PITTOCK.
Published by The Oregonian PubllEhing Co.,
185 Sixth Street. Portland. Oregon.
C A. MORDEN, li. B. PIPER.
Manager. Editor.
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TARIFFS, CRGENT AND PERMANENT.
The difference between The Ore
gonian and Chairman Fordney of the
house ways and means committee
whose letter to Daniel W. Brlgga Is
published In another column, is that
he lays stress on one end to be sought
protection of home Industry In
order that the home market may be
preserved while The Oregonian
urges the necessity of reconciling
this object with the several others
which have gained added importance
in the last few years. Congress is
called upon to consider how it shall
. adjust the. tariff to protect home In
dustry and at the same time to per
mit such volume of imports as will
pay the allies debt to us and to
maintain and increase the volume of
our export trade.
This involves neither surrender of
the American market to other na
tions nor surrender of any particular
foreign market. It involves, so far
as possible, duties corresponding to
the difference in cost of production
between this and other countries to
the point where foreign products will
compete on equal terms in the
American market, but will not be
excluded. This difference in cost
of production is not easy to deter
mine, for it is affected by rates of
exchange and ocean freights, which
in turn are affected by political af
fairs like German reparations, in
dustrial strife in various countries
and the stability of governments.
The most effective work to revive
industry that can be done in the im
mediate future is to stabilize these
conditions by bringing order into our
foreign relations.
Peace with Germany, an interna
tional arrangement to preserve
peace and reduce armaments and
settlement of the reparation Indem
nity, of payments on allied debt and
of controversies with other nations
should stabilize exchange and re
move a great obstacle to commerce.
Employment of idle ships and re
storation of ocean freight to a fair
level free from violent fluctuation
would ensue. Then congress would
have. basis to work on in framing
a permanent tariff. That is the case
for deferring general revision.
There is a good case for an emer
gency tariff dealing particularly with
those farm products as to which
American farmers encounter unrea
sonable competition with imports.
Such are wool, hides, livestock, meat
and dairy products. Higher duties
on wheat and corn, of which we are
exporters, not importers, and of
which prices are fixed in foreign
markets, cannot pfotect anybody and
their effect Is only to deceive and,
when the deception Is discovered, to
exasperate. There is good cause also
for laws against dumping of com
modities whose home production Is
essential to our economic independ
ence and national defense. Beyond
these points congress cannot profita
bly do more at the special session
than collect data for its guidance in
preparing a permanent tariff at the
regular session.
The figures by which Mr. Fordney
shows the steady decrease in imports
since June, 1920, are enlightening.
Read in conjunction' with the facts
as to decreased production and in
creased unemployment in this coun
try, they show that we buy less be
cause we produce less with which to
buy. Other nations sell less to us,
therefore they must produce less,
therefore are able to buy less from
us. Prosperity for one nation is
contingent on thai of other nations
and depression spreads among them
like an epidemic. The world is
caught in a vicious spiral working in
the reverse direction from that
which caught us during the war and
we must reverse its motion that
greater production may give en
larged purchasing power. Then we
can hold the lion's share of the home
market and can compensate for the
part that we surrender to the for
eign importer by making wider in
cursions into foreign markets.
We agree with Mr. Fordney that
Increased import duties, if not ex
cessive, do not mean exclusion of
foreign goods or even reduction in
imports, yet all protectionists agree
that they do mean prosperity. Then
the question is: At what rates of
duty can we absorb the right propor
tion of Imports without injury but
with advantage to our own indus
tries and what is the right propor
tion? The tariff is a more complex prob
lem than ever. The tasks that Sec
retary of State Hughes has in hand
should soon remove some of the
worst complexities. We shall still
find that our duties must be adapted
to economic changes that will re
quire prompter and more frequent
action than congress can take. The
tariff must become the basis of bar
gains with individual nations and
duties must be adjusted from time to
time to rates of ex'ehange and other
factors. In order that these things
may be done well, it is necessary
that congress delegate large powers
to a tariff commission and that the
senate give a more friendly reception
to reciprocity treaties.
What to give next week to the
community chest Is perplexing many.
The average citizen is subject to
claims upon his purse of a private
nature that cannot be Ignored. Prob
ably 1 per cent of his earnings would
be about right, leaving the balance
to be supplied by "rich fellows who
will not miss the money." It is mat
ter between man and his conscience
and the hope may be expressed that
the -wallop will be effective.
WHAT SHOCLD HE DO?
ThVee Americans have been murdered In
Mexico. Will The Oregonlan, Corvallls
Gazette-Times and other papers of their
particular partisan brand proceed to howl
now as they did when Wilson was presi
dent? What about a firm policy and the
absolute protection of American life and
property in Mexico? Eugene Guard.
Quite likely The Oregonian will
criticise President Harding as it
criticised President Wilson, if the
present administration pursues the
frame policy of ineffective and dis
astrous meddling as' resulted from
"watchful waiting." Though Presi
dent Wilson was elecftd on a plat
form which definitely pledged him
to protection of American lives and
property throughout the world, he
afterward repudiated his pledge, no
tified all Americans that they might
go Into Mexico, or stay there, at their
peril and permitted Mexican bandits
to murder Americans solely because
they were Americans.
The republican platform of 1920
pledges President Harding to a "firm,
consistent and effective policy to
ward Mexico" and demands ."respect
for the American flag" and stands
for the protection of the "rights of
American citizens lawfully in Mex
ico" in the "security of life and the
enjoyment of property."
The Oregonian expects President
Harding to insist that Mexico re
spect our treaty rights and observe
the principles of international law.
What would our friends at Eugene
have him do?
NOT SOLVED, BUT SOLVABLE.
The growing problems of street
traffic are not easy to solve: but
that is no reason why no attempt to
solve them should be made. Jt is
not to be expected that any solution
will be ideal; but practical ways of
easing the congestion can be found.
No thoroughfare in America, nor
perhaps in the world, carries the
same continuous volume of traffic
as Fifth avenue In New York. It is
the one direct connection for auto
mobiles from ihe lower to the upper
city. In the mornings the main flow
Is downtown: and in the afternoon
and evenings it is uptown. With the
constant increase in use of motor
cars the difficulties became greater,
through the tremendous congestion,
until it was obvious that a definite
plan of regulation must be adopted.
A merchant suggested a scheme of
signals through high towers placed
at street intersections; and it was
adopted and it works. The other
night the Fifth Avenue association
gave a great banquet to the man
who had fathered the Idea. The ex
perience of Fifth avenue proves that
the business interests which are slow
to disturb existing conditions affect
ing established routes of travel are
benefited by a plan which makes for
public convenience.
Some months ago a one-way traf
fic project was proposed for certain
Portland streets. It was defeated
mainly because of the objections of
several merchants. Yet the general
testimony of cities which have one
way traffic is that it is beneficial
and is certainly no injury to business
along the one-way streets.
Meanwhile, Portland goes along in
the old confused and congested way, .
with policemen at intersections do
ing the best they can. Their service
helps; it Is indeed indispensable in
the present condition. Yet If there
was a' one-way system, with suitable
parking, traffic would to a large ex
tent regulate itself.
The traffic ordinances are now en
forced as to speeding: and as to Ille
gal parking: but that is about all.
It is time that the whole situation
be reviewed and that something be
done to make the streets easier for
locomotion.
CAISE OF RAILROADS' TROI BLES.
Senator Cummins proposes that
congress inquire why the transpor
tation act has so far failed to put
the railroad companies on their feet.
Congress need not seek far. The
railroads have been caught between
the upper and nether millstones of
shrinking traffic and greatly en
hanced but unshrinkable cost of op
eration. Their only hope of earning
the return specified in the law lay
in increasing traffic, or preventing
its further decrease, by reducing
rates, but this was forbidden by high
and almost inflexible operating cost.
The embarrassments of the rail
roads are not the result of the new
law's failure; they are after-effects
of government operation, with the
general let-down in industry as a
contributing cause. The law came
into operation on March 1, but the
advance in rates did not become ef
fective till August 26. By that time
slackening of industry had begun to
diminish traific, fall in prices had
begun to make higher rates less bear
able and fall in ocean freights had
made weter competition more in
tense. That delay of almost five
months deprived the roads of much
needed revenue and brought the ad
vance at a time when it did as much
harm as good.
When the owners got their prop
erty back they did so under threat
of a strike for a long deferred in
crease of wages, but President Wil
son delayed appointment of the rail
road labor board for six more weeks.
That delay- and a blunder of the
war-time labor board provoked the
outlaw strike, which demoralized
traffic far out of proportion to the
number of men engaged when the
transfer from government to private
control had just been made. Wages
were not adjusted till near the end of
July and the increase compelled an'
addition to the rate increase which
made the jar to business more severe.
The federal railroad administra
tion had dodged the duty of raising
rates in proportion to higher cost of
operation. It had added more than
a billion dollars a year to- that cost
by raising wages. Towards its close
it temporized with demands for a
further advance of wages and left
those demands as a legacy to the
companies. It also tied up the roads
with a series of national agreements
which, they say, add more than
1300,000,000 a year to cost of opera
tion and deprive them of freedom of
action. Having put the roads 'in this
strait waistcoat and weighted them.
it handed them back to their owners.
whose task was to save them from
drowning.
There was a deliberate purpose in
all this. It was to make the period
of federal operation a mere transi
tion period to government ownership.
How else can we explain the neglect
adequately to raise rates, so that if
the owners regained control they
must immediately incur the odium of
a large Increase? How explain the
sudden changes of policy from early
ending of government operation to
its continuance for a five-year trial
period, then back to revival of pri
vate operation on March 1, 1920
than by a desire of the men in con
trol to prepare the way for govern
ment operationra desire which Mr..
Wilson shrank from gratifying when
public opinion was unmistakably ex
pressed to the contrary? The legacy
of trouble and of restriction on that
freedom of management which is
-indlspensable to economy and effi
ciency points to the same purpose
to make private operation so bur
densome, inefficient and therefore
unpopular that no alternative to
public ownership would remain and
that the owners would welcome it as
an end to their troubles.
The Esch-Cummins law is not yet
In full operation, nor will it be until
the railroads are free'd from the
load which federal operation put on
them. It cannot be fairly, judged
till the railroads are free to operate
at minimum cost and to adjust rates
to meet competitive conditions when
traffic is normal. If then they
should fail to earn the standard re
turn and give good service, it will
be time to judge of the merits of
the law. .
THE VANISHING PILGRIMS.
The prospect that descendants of
the original Mayflower party will
become practically extinct within
two centuries, as some pessimistic
genealogists believe, is interesting if
true. Large families were the rule,
according to one investigator, during
the first century after the famous
landing; they diminished somewhat
in the following century, but more
than maintained the stock, but with
in the century since 1820 the average
number of children has fallen to one
and a half per family. It is reck
oned by most students of genetic
science that it requires a minimum i
of t. fraction more than four cnu
dren per. family to guarantee the
perpetuation of a race.
Theoretically, according to the pes
simists, it will require only eight
generations to reduce' the number of
bona fide Mayflower descendants to
the number that landed on these
shores in 1620. This is, however,
only a theory and takes no account
of the admixture of the valuable Pil
grim strain with others not much
less worthy of consideration. It im
plies no want of .appreciation of the
sterling qualities of the Pilgrims to
suggest that these were not the sole
virtues that have made America
great. '
Virility of the American character
is due qiite largely to the variety
of its antecedents. There is ground
for supposing that the first settlers
contributed more to the strength of
the nation by indirection than they
would have done if they had been
narrowly restricted during the past
three centuries to reproduction only
of their own kind.
THE VOTE IN SILESIA.
Upper Silesia's vote to remain In
Germany completes a process of
Germanization which began in the
twelfth century and has continued
to this day. The whole province had
been settled by Slavs, who sup
planted the prehistoric Celts, when
in the year 1000 the clans were in
corporated In Poland, but in 1138 it
became a separate principality and
In 1163 fell under the influence of the
German king, Frederick Barbarossa.
Upper and Lower Silesia then each
had its duke, who promoted German
immigration and, though it was for
several centuries joined to the king
dom of Bohemia, and later to Aus
tria, the Germanizing process contin
ued. When Frederick the Great took
the province from Austria, he has
tened this process by reforming -and
centralizing the government and de
veloping its industries, especially
mines.
The strength of the Polish popula
tion was indicated by the tenacity
with which it clung to the country
and to its national identity in the
face of persistent efforts of Prussia
to break its grip on the soil and to
denationalize it. In a pamphlet on
."Prussian Poland" Jan J. Kowalczyk
tells of the work of German colon
ization of all the Polish provinces
under the law of 1886. Great es
tates were acquired from the Polish
landlords and hundreds of German
villages were established by people
from ' other parts of the empire,
while the Poles were forced to mi
grate to western Germany and
America. They moved in mass to
Westphalia and the Rhineland,
where the census of 1910 showed
402,000 of them. They were not al
lowed to build homes on land ac
quired by the government and, when
they -dug pits to liva in or. made
homes in gypsy wagons, these also
were, defined as 'houses and they
were forced to vacate. The German
population was swollen by numbers
of imperial and state officials and
by German" troops brought from the
west, while the native Polish troops
were stationed in other provinces.
The Poles became a minority in
Lower Silesia, but they still retained
the majority in Upper Silesia, which
is the mining and industrial area, for
Kowalczyk says that in 1910, accord
ing to the German census, the pro
portion in the latter half was 1,300,
000 Poles to 750,000 Germans. But
the Germans own the land, the
mines, the Industries, control ' the
government and have the majority
in the towns, and have Germanized
many of the Poles who have entered
the professions and business. The
national spirit is kept alive by those)
Poles who compose the working
class and are condemned to political
and sacir.l inferiority.
Germany attaches great impor
tance to the retention of Silesia, not
only because it is the prize of Fred
erick the Great's victories but be
cause of its great mineral wealth. A
great coal field extends through both
Prussian and Austrian Silesia, Mora
via, Galicia and Russian Poland, and
63 per cent of it is in Upper Silesia
or Prussian Poland. In 1911 the
Upper Sileslan area yielded over 36,
000,000 tons. Its iron mines employ
3000 men, though they are near ex
haustion, and its blast furnaces,
foundries and steel .works in 1911
employed 43,000 men. - It has zinc
mines which are expected to last for
centuries and the zinc industry
yielded 156,000 tons, being secpnd
only to that of the United States. It
produced 45,000 tons of lead anil
considerable silver.- There are also
cement factories, lime quarries, brick
factories, potteries and other indus
tries. The original draft of the treaty of
Versailles gave Upper Silesia abso
lutely to Poland because the ma
jority of the population was Polish,
but the Germans made a particularly
earnest plea for its retention and
they won the favor of Lloyd George
with the argument that the Poles
were thoroughly Germanized and did
not desire annexation to Poland. He
won over the other sowers to his
view and one of the few concessions
made in the final treaty was a pro
vision that "the inhabitants will be
called upon to indicate by a vote
whether they wish to be attached
to Germany or to Poland." Poland
and Germany were bound to under
take no prosecutions or political ac
tion within "the plebiscite area,
which, immediately upon the coming
into force of the treaty, was to be
placed under the authority of a com
mission from the - United States,
Britain, France and Italy, and the
commission should, exercise all gov
ernmental powers except those o
legislation or taxation. Within fif
teen days German troops and such
officials as the commission might
designate were to evacuate.
The United States was not repre
sented on the commission and during
the interval between signature and
ratification of the treaty the Ger
mans started a reign of terror which
provoked an insurrection. Many
Poles were slaughtered and thou
sands fled into Poland. The allies
then sent troops without awaiting
the date set by the treaty, but they
did not displace the German of
ficials and they permitted the pro
vision for evacuation by German
troops to be evaded through forma
tion of so-called security police.
German terrorism provoked retalia
tion and in July and August, 1920,
when the bolshevlsts were advancing
on Warsaw, the Germans broke out
into rioting, attacked the quarters of
the allied police and the French cav
alry at Kattowitz and for a time a
state of civil war prevailed.
Germany was given a great ad
vantage by the treaty clause award
ing votes to all persons born in the
plebiscite area or expelled by the
Uermans. As every facility was
given for return of German "out
voters," even to furnishing free
transportation on special trains, and
as every obstacle was placed in the
way of return of Poles, Germany
doubtless had a vast majority among
the outvoters. , All the influence of
officials and employers would also
be in favor of Germany.
The vote does not decide the exact
boundary line, for the treaty says
that the commission shall make
recommendation as to the line which
ought to be adopted," in which "re
gard will be paid to the wishes of the
inhabitants as shown by the vote and
to the geographical and economic
conditions of the locality." The Pole
may yet save something if the de
clsion should be impartial.
The result of this referendum, fol
lowing upon others taken under the
treaty, does not commend that
method of applying the principle of
self-determination. Though Schles
wig was certainly Danish in senti
ment when annexed in .1864, the
southern half voted for Germany as
a result of systematic German colon
ization. The same explanation ap
plies to the pro-German vote of the
Allenstein and Marienwerder dis
tricts of East Prussia. Germany also
gained in the latter districts by the
fact that the elections were held
during the bolshevist invasion of
Poland, when every able-bodied
Polish voter was doubtless absent
defending his country. Poland asked
that the election be postponed, but
the allies refused to permit delay.
The effect of these elections is to
give the sanction of international
law to acta of aggression and oppres
sion committed by Germany, in flat
contradiction of the principles for
which the allies professed to fight.
They have sacrificed the small na
tions to their policy.
Germany at least Is deprived of
one excuse for refusal to comply
with the allies' demands for repara
tion. It has said that loss of Upper
Silesia woujd render compliance im
possible by crippling many indus
tries. ' This plea no longer holds
good.
A critic of the reparation terms
who describes them as the "intermit
tent application of force to the ex
action of fluctuating demands" falls
into the common practice of sacri
ficing everything to an epigram.
Both the intermittance and the fluc
tuation have been furnished by the
Germans since the day when they
first conceived the idea that the al
lies' terms were made to be evaded.
One of B. I Taylor's lines of
humor was assemblage and repro
duction in his "column" of errors in
the country press. There was no
malice in it and he mixed in enough
of the idiosyncrasies to make the af
fair amusing.
The hens have the call on in
creased production and are doing
nobly. What care they if eggs are
only 18 cents? 'Tis theirs to do.
Other bipeds take notice.
The prohibition agent succeeds
the "revenooer" in the regions where
the making of whisky was held an
inalienable right That he- meets
death is to be expected.
As we are at war with Germany
she will honor a demand for release
of the two who tried to capture
Bergdoll. This government is too
big to forget them.
That man in Dayton, O., who yes
terday committed suicide by send
ing two bullets into his brain and
cutting his throat worked fast.
Let us begin on the ground to
get back to normalcy. Fifteen cents
is too much for a shine. "Shine your
own" is the slogan.
Clara Smith Hamon in a reel will
be a doubtful attraction, though
enough may give her the once over if
she hurries.
It Is almost time for rhubarb and
gooseberries, and first thing we
know cherries will be ripe.
Possibly the Germans will come
some day to realization that it was
the allies who won the war.
The wild flowar don't miss the
sun, judging from the way they go
right on blossoming.
Strawberries are on the market
today for the people who eat money
thinly disguised.
The '"Shadow" incident may as
well be card-indexed and left' for
time to unravel.
Got your new spring hatchet?
Gentle spring "have came."
The Listening Post.
The Scant Tell. Enviously of the
Proper Spring; Garb for Men.
JUDGING from the spring style dis
plays there will be some casting
away in the wardrobes of many men
who wish to make the correct ap
pearance" In 1921. Gone is the hlgh
waisted suit, and comfort is again
with ua In. the- form, of a semi-sack
model, something like that of a dozen
years back. More buttons are regarded-
as permissible; tweeds, Ban
nockburns and rougher materials in
shadow stripes and checks of brown,
blue and gray shades are the thing.
H. I Kenyon and K. B. Averill are
authorities for most of this dope.
Anyhow, most of our personal gar
ments are de trop. The Easter male
will be a tone poem with his soft fe
dora hat of a rich brown or cream
shade and light tan, mocha or gray
gloves with embroidered backs to
match the rest of his costume. Top
coats, belted, are form-fitting and in
the predominant shades, and a natty
appearance is attained by wearing
the new flat-crowned hats. Caps are
of course popular and permissible at
certain times of the day and give a
much desired effect' for sporting af
fairs.
The correct thing In haberdashery
is a moot question with many. men,
but the new spring ties add a jaunty
touch to the more ordinary costume,
as they are narrow and of diagonal
stripes with a great choice of colors
and designs. Shirts are more con
servative and. in light weights with
pin stripes predominating. Sox
should fit in with the general tone
of the costume and clocks and drop
stitch designs are being shown, as
well as the Rlchleau-ribbed effects.
Soft collars were at first spoken of
as the only thing, but the new light
weight linen collars of a very low
type bd fair to be the most popular.
' In the mind of the writer the above
creates only a feeling of envy for
the personally unattainable. It's us
for the old suit and the shoes that
were half-soled last week.
. Conductor 388 and motorman 381
of the Twenty-third street line dis
cussed crowds as they waited for
starting time at Second and Wash
ington streets.
."That last load was a hard one to
handle, 92 aboard and all crowding at
the lower end," started 381.
"It was a big one, all right, but I
took 115 from the North Bank depot
on time," countered 388.
"Well, this line is better than some;
they are mostly good-natured," was
381's contribution.
'Crowds are my middle name." then
boasted 388, "and I think I have a
record 204 passengers on one N-S
line trip."
You gotta handle them right," S81
then observed. "On this line they
come in pairs- ' The woman gets a
seat near the rear end and the man
grabs a strap and hangs right over
her blocks the passage. Won't move
forward, jam right In the rear end.
I opened the door one trip and I told
them: 'Move up front, you men. If
you lose your woman I'll get you
another right here In Portland.' " .
And how about the ones that take
more than their share of 'room on the
side seats?" was 388's parting shot
as he reacned for the bell cord.
"Them who pays 8 cents and then
grabs a'quarter's worth of room. Goy
on this car the other day sat right
in one woman's lap. Served her
right."
Ding! Ding!
Bill Harner, Will Lipman's adver
tising man, featured The Scout in
the store ad Friday, and reports that
they sold many pairs of roller skates
to Portland children as a result. The
Scout told how a fondi mamma bought
them In preference to rubbers, as the
skates kept the kids' feet out of the
wet and enabled them to make fast
time in getting to and from school.
Just as an added argument for
their use, might we tell of the East
moreland woman who is planning to
get a pair? The streets In this sub
division are all paved and she fig
ured that skates will save much time
in making her trips for grocer' es.
In Timothy Eaton's mall order store
in Winnipeg, Canada, the errand boys
are all shod with rollers and skate
from one sectn to another, of the
big plant. Skates are practical, all
right.
www
There's always a nvw ons'ororjplng
up about the veteran. The last of
the crop deals with the four-year
man who married soon after his re
turn. He is a sound sleeper, and
when wlfie gets the mush ready she
has a difficult time dragging him
from his bed. She has tried every
means fo open his eyes, the latest
being the water test a glass of cold
water sprinkled on his face as he
lies in bed.' It was the worst failure
of the lot, for he had slept so many
nights in the mud - with the rain
pouring In his face that he didn't
even feel the few drops.
Just a week ago Glen Henderson
had several million dollars. He is
not broke today, but moat of the
real cash is gone. He-is the cashier
at the internal revenue office and is
just beginning to. get rested after
his strenuous annual experience. His
is most of the responsibility for the
proper handling of the Immense sums
collected for Income tax, and aa he is
heavily bonded he puts in several
weeks of worry each March.
Acknowledogment of Oregon as the
Emerald state would seem to be the
object of J. H. Fitzgerald and W. GU
Cowglll, for they have issued a num
ber of cards for. the American Asso
ciation for the Recognition of the
Irish Republic of Oregon."
THJS 5WUT.
Foreigners and Real Estate.
PORTLAND, March 22. (To the
Editor.) Can a foreigner, not a citi
zen, buy land or any other property
n Oregon and hold the same as Ions
as he pays his taxes? JOE STARR.
Yes.
Thet constitution expressly grants
to white foreigners the same rights
to the ' possession, enjoyment and
descent of property as native-born
citizens. It- prohibits Chinamen, not
residents at the adoption of the con
stitution, from holding any real
estate or mining claim, but the su
preme court, while not judicially pass-
ng on . the question, has Intimated
that the latter clause is in conflict
with treaty provisions. Chinamen
own property in Oregon and are not
molested in their possession.'
Those Who Come and Go.
Times have certainly changed In
the Willamette valley. Dave Edgar
of Hillsboro, where he Is interested
in timber? is at the Perkins, and be
came to Portland in a jiffy and can
go home when he wants. Years ago
there used to be only one train a day
going to Hillsboro and Forest Grove
and beyond. Anyone who came to
Portland bad to remain over night
and as this meant business the hotel
buses Invariably met the one-a-day
train. There was no Sunday- train
so Hillsboro residents who came to
Portland Saturday couldn't get home
before Monday, wlUch made business
at the hotels. Then a train was op
erated on Sunday and preachers pro
tested against such a proceeding, as
some or the parishioners might go to
the metropolis instead of to church.
And now there are electric cars giv
ing frequent service and automobile
buses scooting along and Hillsboro
and f orest Grove have become Port
land suburbs.
The slump in the cotton market hit
Atlanta, Ga., hard, for that city is
either prosperous or depressed 'ac
cording to the movement of cotton.
However, southerners generally look
for the market to assume a brighter
aspect within the next 60 or 90 days.
Atlanta is a cotton manufacturing
center and its textile mills are not
now thriving, according to J. J. Wal
raven, registered at the .Multnomah
from the capital city of Georgia. It
Is the belief of many in the south that
prosperity will not reach its peak
until some kind of peace treaty is
signed between the United States and
the European countries. It is pointed
out that neither Great Britain nor
Germany la buying in any quantity,
due to the foreign rate of exchange,
which works disastrously against the
American exportations, according to
Mr. Walraven. He qontends that
Uncle Sam's signature to a world pact
will tone up the globe commercially.
Rain has held imperial sway In the
vicinity of Lakevlew, Or., which is
situated in the south central part of
the state where the chief industry is
stock raising. Roads there are deep
with mud and farmers of the vicinity
are anxiously awaiting the coming of
spring and cessation of the downpour
so that they may put in their crops.
IN early all of the Lakeview res-inn
pVople raise their own garden stuff
ana expect to put In large crops this
year, according to Miss E. Kosche of
lakevlew, who Is registered at the
Multnomah. Nearly all of the farm
ers and stock raisers own automo
biles, but the roads are in bad condl
tion and there is little travel. In the
meantime the residents are idly wait
ing for favorable weather, which will
see everyone in the fields Industri
ously planting their crops which' will
be planted unusually heavy . this
year.
"What Oregon City needs is a fire
and a flood." W. B. Barratt, highway
commissioner, informed the people of
that place. "You are slackers," he
charged the people of Douglas county
when UiVy were lukewarm about co
operation on a 50-50 basis with the
commission. Mr. Barratt has a habit
of speaking his mind in public and
maybe after while some communities
will be afraid to invite him to make
a speech. The lambing season being
now on, Mr. Barratt left yesterday
for Heppner, where his flocks range
in the surrounding country, for even
if the sheep and wool business is dis
gusting to the men in it that's, no
reason why the industry should be
neglected. And Mr. Barratt doesn't
intend neglecting his end of it.
r
As one of a delegation from old
Yamhill county, W. T. Vinton, state
senator, had a conference with the
state highway commission yesterday
and was gratified with the result.
Yamhill county wants to have naved
that section of highway between
Sheridan and Wlllamina Instead of
having the road macadamized. The
macadam has not been, holding up
well, and the officials of the county
consider it practically a waste of
money, so they have been urging that
the road, Bome four miles, be treated
to hard surface. The highway com
mission has practically agreed to the
request, especially since Yamhill
county is willing to help pay for the
hard surface.
"Most of the Pacific highway will
be paved this year and the last of
the paving should be laid about Sep
tember. 1922," predicted Herbert
Nunn, state highway engineer, at the
Imperial yesterday. "By the end of
this year. you should be able to drive
from Portland to the California line
on the Pacific highway in a day. The
distance can be easily made In a day
light run and without violating the
speed limit. Most of the highway
will be hard surfaced this year, but
there will be some gaps to connect
up and these should all be finished
next year. The commission has a
tremendous amount of work mapped
out for the next two years."
Glorying in the title of chief sniffer
of the High Order of Yellow Dogs Is
William H. Norden, registered at the
Benson yesterday. While in Portland
Mr. Norden has been busy Increasing
the. membership. The eligibles are
traveling salesmen and hotel men
who are members of the Greeters. A
membership card states that the pos
sessor Is "entitled to a sniff and a
yelp." Mr. Norden is boss of Kennel
No.. 1, located at Denver. When not
talking Yellow Dog propaganda
Chief Sniffer Norden Is peddling
cigarettes.
One of the troubles of O. P. Hoff,
state treasurer, during the legisla
ture was a bill which Intended to
remove from his jurisdiction the dep
uty sealer of weights and measures.
Senator Patterson, who sponsored the
bill, showed that by transferring this
department to that of the state food
and dairy commissioner there would
be a saving of several thousand dol
lars a year. Mr. Hoff, however, raised
such a vigorous protest against being
deprived of his patronage that he suc
ceeded in having the measure de
feated. Mr. Hoff Is among the ar
rivals at the Perkins.
N. K. ("Patsy") Clark of the Sew
ard staff and Fred M. Warner, for
merly of the Multnomah, and both
experienced hotel men, intend manag
ing personally conducted tours to
Glacier National park this summer.
Mr. Clark knows the park, as he was
superintendent of camps there, and
Mr. Warner was In the hotel at the
entrance for two yearB. They planned
starting this enterprise four years
ago, but the war interfered.)
Grandson of R. R. Thompson, one
of the early builders of Portland, is
R. R. Thompson, who registered at
the Perkins yesterday with his wife
and father, L. C. Thompson. The
father is a son of the original R. R.,
and the Thompson estate built the
Multnomah hotel. Years ago one of
the most palatial steamers plying the
Columbia and Willamette rivers was
the R. R. Thompson. When she whis
tled at Vancouver everyone on the
Portland waterfront knew it.
James T. Shaw arrived at the Hotel
Portland from San Francisco. Mr.
Shaw is the attorney for the Pacific
States Telephone company, which
isn't very popular at present because
of the increased rates. Mr. Shaw is
here as a sort of "trouble shooter."
' Winter tourists at the Hotel Wash
ington are Mr. and Mrs. John E.
DeKay of Detroit and Mrs. J. E. Wel
don of Cheetham, N. Y. Having seen
what California has to offer, they
were out on the Columbia highway
yesterday. .
' """..
REJUDICE TRACED TO SCHOOLS
Contempt for England Given Youths
by Textbooks and Teachers.
PORTLAND, March 22. (To the Ed
itor.) "Why do Americans 'hate' the
English?" The letter signed R. O. L
appearing on the editorial page of
The Oregonian March 21 opens a ques
tion that has no doubt occurred to
many people who use their reasoning
faculties. There isn't the slightest
doubt that a prejudice does exist
among us, yet most people would be
at a loss if asked to put their griev
ance into words. The reason for this
state of affairs dates back ao far In
the lives of most Americans aa to be
an instinct rather than an opinion
that has received intelligent consid
eration. With all due respect to American
historians of the past, it is to be hoped
that the textbooks of the future, as
well as the teachers of the future,
will take a somewhat 'more liberal
view of the American revolution. In
their earnest endeavor to Instill, a
proper degree of patriotism In the
children, they measure out a dose of
hatred against Great Britain past,
present and future, that is deplorable
from the standpoint of common
sense. "
Ask 'anyone, child or adult, what
scenes In American history stand out
most vividly In hia mind. Nine
chances out of ten he will answer
"the Boston tea party," "Paul Revere:s
R'de," "the battle of Lexington,". etc.
He will probably volunteer the stir
ring phrase, "Millions for defense, but
nota cent for tribute." We Amer
ica rLs have deliberately instilled a
contempt for England in the minds
of our young people. It has been done
so simply, so effectively that one
wonders If the far-seeing m'nd of
Germany has not planned and accom
plished the result. In the name of
justice and common sense let us stop
this Insidious propaganda against
England in our public schools. It
has divided two countries that speak
the same language two countries
that should unite the greatest power
among the nations of the earth.
I was educated here In Portland,
end I know whereof I speak. I do
not champion England through a her
itage of English blood, for I haven't
a drop. My low for her and her tra
ditions is someth'ng acquired since
textbooks were left behind since I
have done my thinking without the
ud of public school teachers.
L. C. B.
RANCHER'S BELIEF CONFIRMED
Conductor's Letters Prove to II lm That
Radicals Riae in Unions.
LAKEVIEW, Or., March 18. To the
Editor.) Do not the expressions of
your correspondent, signing himself
"General. Chairman, Order Railway
Conductors. Spokane, Portland He Se
attie Railway," prove, if any fur
ther evidence was at all necessary
what some of us have frequently said
of late, that the more of a rip-roar
ing, ranting; red radical a man could
make of himself the more likely he
was to get to the head at bis union
How can the Spokane, Portland & So
attle railway or any other legitimate
commercial organization or utility
ever hope to succeed or prosper with
this man, judging hifn by his letter
only, or any other of his ilk, at the
head of one of their departments of
employment?
They have no sympathy or interest
In their employer, hs interests or
endeavors, except to gouge, fudge and
renege s far as in their personal
power lies through their agitating in
fluence by continuous Injections of
their poisonous outpouring into the
very arteries of their organization's
cystem.
He . appears as unrepentant aa a
present-day Hun when he glories in
and boasts of his connection with the
shameful passage of the hypocritical
Adamson act, which was undoubtedly
forced throucrh our congress by
bulldozing process of piracy and brig
andage, the brazenneas ana etrrontcry
of which was probably never before
rurpassed or Imposed upon a civilized
nation at such a time. His reference
to the passage thereto. 1. e., "But right
was mightier than might," is certainly
a scream.
I am glad The Oregonian came back
editorially with some spirit and am
merely penning this as a slight token
of the feelings of at least one of your
southern Oregon ranrh subscribers
and supporters of your honorable, up
right position on tne question at issue
except that the terms you employ are
far too mild to fit the case four
square. C. W: KETNOLJJS.
PREVENTIVE! OF DELINQUENCY
Kindergarten If Part of School System
Mould Diminish Court Work.
PORTLAND. March 22 (To the Ed
itor.) I notice in The Oregonian
March 19 that our state superintend
ent of . schools has returned from the
east, where he had visited kinder
srarten and was so favorably I in
pressed that he probably would urge
establishing them in Oregon.
The educators of Oregon are most
happy to learn this decision, although
he had to travel zuuu miles to una
the proverbial four-leafed clover,
which has been at his own threshold
for lo! these 20 years.
He and his predecessors have Been
not only invited, but urged to visit
kindergartens In actual operation in
Oregon, but never had time, as ex
pressed by them.
Now that his eyes have been opened
1'. is the hope of the educators that
he, if he has the authority, will make
the kindergarten a part of the regular
school system of Oregon, for as all
educators you notice I say educators
know the kindergarten ia the foun-
daton and basio principle of all edu
cation.
When we have the kindergarten a
part of the school system the busi
ness of the juvenile court win dimln
ish to a great degree. A good founda
tion is necewory for successful re
sults. KINDERGARTENER.
WOMEN WOVLD HAVE CONVICTED
Kevertheleaa Womin Writer Is Glad
Men Tried Clara Hamon.
PORTLAND, March 22. (To the
Editor.) What would have been the
verdict on Clara Hamon had a Jury
of married women tried her? She
would have been convicted, most
likely, for good and virtuous women
have a way of closing their eyes and
ears to the faults of men, and of be-
ng severe where one of their own
kind Is concerned.
Jake Hamon had ruined that girl's
life and now, after years of living
n the way which pleased him most.
he was going to "reform" and join
the church.
He could join 50 churches but there
would be no sincere reformation until
he had lifted that girl from the
depths to which he dragged her.
There have been many men who
have "reformed" but If there is one
soul which has been lost through
their fault then they are "whited
sepulchers" until that one has - been
saved through their efforts.
Jake Hamon deserved to be killed.
No one who has not been in a situa
tion similar to Clara Hamon's can
realize the anguish which a man like
Jake Hamon can cause.
I am glad It was a Jury of men and
not of women who tried her.
MRS. C. F. BOWEN.
Fortieth Wedding Anniversary.
PORTLAND, March 22. (To the
Editor.) Please tell me what the
40th wedding anniversary is called.
I think it is called the pearl wedding.
Am I right? A READER.
The 40th is the ruby wedding an
niversary; the 30th is the pear L
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Montague.
SOLD!
I seldom commit any overt act.
My temper Is well controlled.
But with Inward fury my soul la
racked
When some fellow remarks, "I'm
sold!"
He doesn't mean that he's sold at all,
Or anything else, again;
It's a hollow phrase, but you'll hear
it fall
From the Hps of a million men.
They're "sold" on the author they
like to read, ,
They're "sold" on their favorite
soap.
They're "sold" on the Athanasian
creed,
They're "sold" on thetr . neavenly
hope;
And I knew, a man (till I (hot htm
dead
A punishment all too mild
To fit the crime) who recently said
He was "sold" on his wife and
child..
They're "sold" on the plays that they
like to see.
They're "sold" on their v dogs or
cats.
There's a lot of em "sold" on the
G. O. P.,
And a few on the democrats.
And one or two, like Wilson was,
Are "sold" on the human race.
While others are sure they're safe be--cause
They are "sold" on a means of
grace.
I'm not a person who likes to rant
On the faults of my brother men,
But I'd fain escape from this fright
ful cant,
If It onlywere now and then.
And as long as I'm tarrying here be
low. Though it Irks me to fume and
scold,
I will tell the world (if it cares to
know)
That I'll still be unsold on "sold."
Too Much of It.
Wr. Harding wants normalcy In the
United States, but he refuses to stand
for It in Central America. That's why
he has stopped the Panama-Costa
Rica war.
No Hope for Her.
March may come In and go out like
a lamb, but nobody will say a good
vi u lui 11 i l no imin aa Olio ubuqib
in the Income tax collector.
It Easily Bolls Over.
' The trouble with bolsheviks In this
country is that they keep trying to
stir tho, melting pot.
(Co-nyrlprht by th BM 6ytidloate. tne.)
John Burroughs' Nature
Notes.
Can You Answer These Questions f
1. How do wingless seeds that are
heavy, like nuts get spread?
2. ' I have just started a globe ov
goldfishes and want to know what
you consider a properly equipped
aquarium.
3. Why was tho English sparrow
Introduced Into North America? Does
it serve any useful purpose? Is it
harmful to native birds?
Answers In tomorrow's nature
notes.
Answers to Previous questions,
1. Do birds mate for life?
It Is hard to say yes. or no posi
tively to this. The popular belief
that most birds do not mate for life
lacks evidence to prove It. Ever
since bird banding has been tried
(placing numbered aluminum tags on
logs of wild birds caught young) evi
dence has been gathered showing at
least Individual cases where the same
birds did come back together to the
eame nesting site. Pigeons, owls,
hawks, ducks and swans are thought ,
to be life partners, and small birds
may also mate permanently.
2. How long can a common moc
casin snake exist under water with
out coming to the surface for air?
The period Is probably not mora
than 10 minutes, though it may ap
pear longer to tho watcher. The moc
casin when scared into the water ia
wary about coming out to confront
danger, and Instead of reappearing
boldly, where he can be seen, will
seek a mass of aquatio plants for a
conning tower, through which he un
obtrusively pokes the tip of his nose
to take observations. He Is out of
sight for all but a very keen eye.
S. Pleaseglve a list of mushrooms
safe toeat, especially those grown on
dead trees.
This Is too dangerous a tople to
dispose of in a paragraph. An excel
lent and authentio article on "Soma
Common Edible and Poisonous Mush- .
rooms" was published March, 1917,
by the U. S. Department of Agricul
ture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 796. It is
generously illustrated from photo
graphs, each marked "Edible or In
edible," and has suggestlona for serv
ing or canning mushrooms. The pam
phlet may be secured by writing the
government printing office at Wash
ington, D. C.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years An.
Fr?m ,Th8 Oreaonlan of March 23. 1896.
jviaaria Leauing Spanish news
papers claim that the United States
has begun the Cuban discussion with
the idea of some time acquiring the
island by force.
State Superintendent Bean advo
cated vyesterday In a lecture the
granting of free text booka to chil
dren.
Royal Shrlners are excited over
the probable visit to Portland of the
Imperial potentate, Charles L. Field.
Frederick Warde will appear at
the Marquam theater tonieht in
"King Lear."
Fifty Yeara Ago.
From The Oregonian of March 23. 1ST1.
ine county tax records win be
closed March 27 In order to make out
the delinquent list.
The river has fallen abont four
feet within the last few days.
Apples from Oregon sold in the
San Francisco market last week for
from 85 cents to SI. 75 per box.
Washington. Rumor is current
that Secretary Bout -veil will shortly
retire from the treasury department
to be succeeded by Senator Morten.
It ia said that the president believes
Boutwell's financial policy is un
popular, j .
Notice to Vacate.
PORTLAND. March 22 (To the Ed
itor.) 1. How many days' notice
must a landlord give a tenant to va
cate a house, tenant renting from
month to month and paying rent In
advance? A, says that according to
Oregon laws ten days' notice Is neces
sary before date rent falls due, B
rays 20 days' notice is required. Who
is right? If notice Is not given in re
quired time can tenant stay minther
monthT SUiiSCKlLEK.
1. B is right. Twenty days' notice
Is required.
8, Yes.
i