8 THE )IOILNLG OREGOxMAN, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1920 iitimunxj (Drr$mttnn :STABI.IMIKU BY HENRY I- rlTTOCK. Fubllshed by The Oreeonian Publlshir.K Co.. 135 Sixth Street, i'orlland. Oregon C. A. MORDEN. E. B PIPER. Manager. Editor. The Oregonian Is a member of the Asso ciated l're.ss. The Associated Press Is ex-clu-ively entitled to the UMe tor publication of . !l news dispatches credited to It or not othi wise credited in thiB paper and also the l.oal nens published herein. All rights X rtiuhlication of special dispatches here in Ale also rerved. Subscription Kates Invariably In Advance. (By Mall.) rally. Sunday Included, one year . ...S8-0 Daily. Sunday included, six months ... 4.25 Dally, Sunday Included, three months . 2.25 I laily, Sunday Included, one month I ai !y, wit hout Sunday, one year ...... 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months .... 8 23 3ally. without Sunday, one month .... Weekl one year 1-00 fiunday. one year o.OO (By Carrier.) rIly. Sunday included, one year $!.no Dally, Sunday Included, three months. 2.2t Xajly. Sunday Included, one month... -75 Dal?y, without Sunday, one year ...... 7. SO Dai ly, without Sunday, three months. . 1-35 Daily, without Sunday, one month .... -t3 How to ICemit Send postoffice money order, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at owner's risk. Give postoffice address in full, including county and state. PoHtage ICate 1 to lf pages, 1 cent: 38 to Z- pages, 2 cents; i!4 to 48 pages. 3 cents; 50 to 64 pages, 4 cents: 6o to 80 rases, 5 cents; hi to 06 pages. 6 cents, l-'oreign postage double rates. Kastern RusinesR Office Verree & Conk lln, iirunswiek building. New York: Verree & Conklin, Steger building, Chicago: Ver ree & Conklin, Free Tress building. De troit, Mich. San Francisco representative, R. J. BidweH. WHAT OM M.W THINKS. One reason why I want the. republican parly to rule once more is because we are responsive to the will of the people of the Uni-ii States, and do not try to tell you that what one man thinks is necessary. In those words in the course of a creech In Ohio Senator Harding: stated what is the paramount issue in the campaign. .The troubles which have raised other issues have been caused by President Wilson's action on the theory that "what one man (Wilson) thinks is necessary." Jeer as Senator Cox may at Mr. Harding's use of the word "normal cy." that word, signifying normal conditions, describes the kind of government to which the American people intend to return from the au tocracy of "what one man thinks" which Mr. Wilson has imposed on them. Almost from the beginning of his administration Mr. W i 1 s o n has forced his individual opinion on the people, without regard to the con stitutional power of the other branches of the government or to the pledges made by his party to the people in offering him as its candi date for president. This is the es sence of autocracy, whether it be practiced by kaiser, king, dictator or president. If normalcy be obsolete, it should come into use again as signifying rule as the constitution provides, not as one man thinks. The Baltimore platform declares in favor of "exemption from tolls of American ships engaged in coastwise trade passing through the I'anama canal." Before his first year in of fice had expired Mr. Wilson de manded that congress repeal the law to that effect, giving mysterious reasons connected with foreign rela tions, the nature of which he has not revealed. He drove that measure through congress against the oppo sition of many members of his own party, who were not yet as submis sive as they later became. The platform declared in favor of presidential primaries. Mr. Wilson caused a bill establishing them to be smothered in a house committee. A single presidential term and a constitutional amendment making the president ineligible for re-election were advocated by the platform, which added: We pledge the candidate of this conten tion to this principle. Before his inauguration Mr. Wil son wrote a letter intimating that he did not consider this pledge binding. He was openly a candidate for re election in 1916, was nominated and re-elected. This elementary principle is de clared in the platform: Kvory American citizen residing or hav lni: prnpertj jn any foreign country is en tilled to :ind must he given the full pro-t'-i-tUm of the I'nited States government, both for himself and his property. Americans were murdered and plundered in Mexico, but in August, 19 IS, Mr. Wilson announced the policy of "watchful waiting" as to that country and obstinately adhered to it, except when he sent the fleet and army to Vera Cruz to help Car ranza in driving out Huerta, and when he sent I'er.shing's expedition in pursuit of Villa, only to come back without him. The draft law carefully defined those persons who should be exempt from military service on the ground of conscientious objection. They were those who made affidavit of membership "in good faith and in good standing of a well recognized leligious sect or organization, organ ized and existing May 18. 1917, and whose then existing principles forbid its members to participate in war in any form." Mr. Wilson not only permitted but encouraged Secretary of War Baker to extend exemption to pro-Germans, communists, radical socialists, the I. W. W. who had not "religious objections" but "conscien tious objections" and even "conscien tious scruples" of any kind against military service, thoucrh it was evi dent that many of these people had no scruples about war in itseir but only against war on behalf of the United States. Mr. Wilson by ex ecutive order assumed by his sole act to amend the law as proposed and administered by Mr. Baker. Though the constitution requires the president to negotiate treaties "by and with the advice and consent of the senate," "and though no presi dent had ever left the United States or personally negotiated a treaty, Mr. Wilson in lleoember, 3 91S, with out consulting the senate, went to Paris, acted for the United States and signed the peace treaty, "acting in his own name and by his own proper authority." When 37 members of the senate enough to defeat ratification signed a declaration against iirclusion of the league covenant in the peace treaty, he declared that the two documents would be so ioterwoven that they could not be separated and he car ried out his threat, as the treaty proves. He has refused to the end to rec ognize the co-ordinate power of the senate in making treaties, declaring all who proposed any but interpre tative reservations to be nullifiers. " When sickness disabled Mr. Wil son, Secretary of State 1-ansing called the cabinet together to consult on carrying on the government. Hav ing sufficiently recovered, Mr. Wil son rebuked Mr. i.ansing for usurp ing his authority and in effect dis missed him, the weight of his offense being: "Your mind does not travel along with mine." His belief appar ently is that, when he is sick, the. government must fall into a state of suspended animation. Mr. Wilson's latest demonstration in substituting what he thinks for the law is the practical nullification of the merchant marine act. Though he approved that law on June 5, he has not yet appointed the new ship ping board for which it provides, and the old board has been reduced by resignation to two members, of Wwhom one is practically the whole board. Admiral Benson. Mr. Wilson has refused to comply with the di rection of the law that he give notice of the annulment of certain commercial treaties, because he thinks differently from congress after having approved the law. In preference to this kind of gov ernment, give us normalcy. . PCBE OPTIMISM. The Oregonian had a news dis patch from Chicago, the other day, in which it was stated that, with thirty-four senators to elect In No vember "the republicans are sure of fifteen, reasonably sure of eight, and have a fighting chance for one more." Present indications, it was also said, are that the republicans will thus make a net gain of eight. The democrats are conceded eight senators from the rock-ribbed south, and two are said to be in doubt. It should be needless to add that the source of this highry pleasing infor mation is the republican campaign management. It is the duty of the men who run political - campaigns to be optimistic in words, but pessimistic in action. It will be a fatal error for therrf, in case of the senate, to believe what they are saying. Nobody else does. It will be well for them to consult independent authorities, such as Mark Sullivan," who makes an en tirely different analysis of the situ ation. Mr. Sullivan, after a compre hensive survey, finds that there are twenty states, outside the south, where there is a keen contest over the senatorship and in only one of them is there any likelihood that the republican candidate will run ahead of Mr. Harding, but on the contrary, they will run behind. Says Mr. Sul livan: For one example, the republicans hope to carry Connecticut for Harding by 50.000. but they concede that Brandegee may run anywhere from 10.000 to 15.01MJ behind. Oregon is one of the must con spicuous example?. The republicans fully expect, and nearly every independent ob server admits, that Harding may carry Oregon by as large a majority as Roose velt did in 1904: that is to say. by more than -40,000. Nevertheless, persons who claim that Harding will carry Oregon bv 40.000 admit that it is auite possd'.-ie for the present democratic senator. Chamber lain, to retain his seat. Exactly so. The state of Oregon will give Harding 40,000 or more, but Mr. Chamberlain is likely to retain his seat. For the same reasons that Harding will win and Chamberlain may win in Oregon, there is likely to be, after March 4. 1921, a repub- lican president and a democratic" senate. s It will be done by men and women who are fixed in their de termination to expel a democratic administration and substitute a re publican administration, but who think it will serve the country's best interest to give a republican presi dent a democratic senate. GOOD SIGNS OF CONVALESCENCE. - Decline in prices, decrease in ex ports and increase in imports are signs of the world's economic con valescence after the wasting fever of war. They mean that this country is producing more, which sends prices down from the famine level; that other countries are producing more with the same effect; also that urgent demand for goods from this country which followed the war has about been satisfied. Probably the measures taken in this country to deflate the currency have raised the . value of money by diminishing its supply, which means that the value of commodities has fallen in-propor-tion. By making their expenses bal ance their income some of the great nations of Europe have contributed to the same result. The enormous excess of exp&rts over imports on which we in this country at first prided ourselves is now recognized as a positive evil to this and other countries. It in large part represented deficiency produc tion abroad of things which we needed to import, and therefore it did much to raise prices. It repre sented replacement of those neces saries of life and Industry which had been destroyed in war, hence an ex port trade which was artificial and could not last. It led to derange ment of exchange which proved pro hibitive on buying of many Ameri can products by other nations. This last effect is providing a corrective. Decreased buying from Arrterica ac companies increased production abroad and increased selling to America. Thus the balance of trade is being restored and with it the value of foreign money measured in dollars is rising to its normal level. This process will continue till de mand and supply in the world's markets reach equilibrium and prices reach a stable level. Much is said to the effect that prices will never fall to the pre-war level, but who can tell? As we look back for a century, it seems rash to predict. All of Europe, the United States also, had just ended an ex hausting war, which left Europe with a debt then without precedent. Steampower had bn applied to sta tionary engines and coal gas has re cently been invented, but no person could foresee -any discovery or in vention which would lighten that load, much less make life easier than before. Yet the history of the nineteenth century is crowded with inventions which have contributed to that result, the great continents of Africa and Australia have opened to development, the mystery of both poles has been cleared away, and the poor of these days enjoy luxuries of which their grandfathers did not dream, yet consider them necessaries. We have better cause than had the world of 1820 to believe that the coming century has new wonders in store, which will work as great an economic revolution as did those of the past century. The airplane, the wireless and probably electric science in general are yet in their infancy. We may discover means of generat ing power which will make hauling of coal in cars and oil in tanks as clumsy as we consider the stage coach of former days. With increase and cheapness of power, with free dom from smoke and ashes, may come far greater productiveness of labor without perceptible increase of effort. The wealth of Africa, of the central part of South America, the huge spaces of Siberia, of the lands held in bondage by the Turks, will be open to us. Chemistry may work new marvels in agriculture, in ex traction of minerals and in manu factures. Everything which in creases productiveness of the unit of human labor reduces prices, however we measure them. We all hope that the awful burden of armament and j war will shrink to an irreducible ! minimum. The load of debt left by the world war may fall as easily from the shoulders of our grandchil dren as did that of the Napoleonic wars from those of our grandparents. PEFLSISTENCY IN PEKVERsION. The queer divagations of the spite ful mind that controls the Eugene Guord are always interesting as a phenomenon of persistency in men tal perversion. Its pet occupation is to distort and misstate what The Oregonian says on any topic. Here is an example: The Oregonian says It Is disgraceful for Oovernor Cox to refer to Senator Harding J as an owner of brewery stock, although i the statement is true. It contends, how- I ever, that it is perfectly right and proper I for the Harding newspapers to continually j i,-irr in ua iuo or uunze can didate, although no evidence has ever been offered to Fliow that Cox is any "wetter" than Harding. In brief, any ridiculous charge against Cox is held true by The Oregonian. but any attack made on Hard ing's record, no matter how well backed up by proof, is only "abuse." Mr. Cox called Mr. Harding a "brewer," not an owner of brewery stock. A brewer is one who brews, one who makes a brewing of malt liquors his vocation. Mr. Harding is not a brewer, any more than 'a citi zen of Eugene, owning a share or two of stock in the Guard, is an edi tor; or the man who takes a flyer in a few shares of mining stock is a miner. The purpose of Mr. Cox iii characterizing Mr. Harding as a brewer was to be offensive and in sulting. Such exhibitions of low brow forensics tend to reduce the campaign to the level of mere bar room personalities. It has the one advantage of giving the people the real measure of Mr. Cox. They are taking it. It is not The Oregonian which is responsible for the common opinion that Cox is wet. Oh. dear no. The Oregonian first heard of it in this campaign from Mr. Bryan. It is not necessary to rely on republican tes timony. There is abundant demo cratic testimony, besides Bryan, and the Cox record, too. He has only served to increase the general sus picion by his evasions and general izations during the campaign. The Oregonian has made no con tention that it Is right and proper to refer to Mr. Cox as the "wet" or "booze" candidate. But it has not failed in its duty to point out the close alliance between Mr. Cox and the "wet" crowd that nominated him. Furthermore, we don't like the word "booze" and rarely use it. When did the Guard or anybody last see it in The Oregonian as an adjec tival designation of Mr. Cox? THE GREAT PORTLAND FLEET. Coming of at least fifteen and probably twenty steamships to Port land in one month is ocular evidence that Portland has come into its own as the great port of the Columbia basin. It is not enough to compare number of vessels with that which came here in the days when wind jammers carried away most of our wheat and lumber, for the tonnage of the steamships now coming prob ably averages four times that of the sailing vessels of former times. The vessels which will come in October will thus be equivalent to sixty or eighty of the old type. Greater size of ships means deeper draft, which requires greater depth of channel. It serves to impress on us the necessity of provision for deepening the channel of the Colum bia and Willamette rivers to the up per harbor of Portland, in order that ships may have a safe, clear way to all the docks. Probably nine tenths of the ocean traffic originating in the port itself is above Swan island, therefore extension of the channel work above that point is necessary to serve commerce. Presence In the harbor of a num ber of vessels also requires width as well as depth of channel In order that ships may lie at docks and may pass to and from them without ob structing the clear passage of those .passing. up and down the river. This is desirable in order that vessels may move readily and that accidents may be avoided. For this , reason it Is proposed to widen the west channel at Swan island to 1600 feet. Size of ships steadily grows, and it is essential that we accommodate them with plenty of room both un der their keels and on both sides in order that the commerce of the port may grow. An accident may happen to only one in a hundred ships that an 'owner sends to a port, but he re members that one and is apt to for get the ninety-nine times that no mishap has come. By precaution that the one accident shall not hap pen the reputation of the-port may be established. AMERICAN ENTERPRISE IN SARDINIA. The issue raised as the result of acquisition by American investors of extensive mineral interests in Sar dinia is novel because it is the first time Americans have sought to do in an established and populous com munity that which has become a commonplace in the tropical regions of their own hemisphere. For since these enterprising men have come into possession of the mines in ques tion it. has been discovered that they are rich in tungsten, much valued for hardening steel for the making of high-speed tools, and also yield ing by-products useful In dyeing cloth and making textiles fireproof. Suddenly the newspapers of Italy, of which Sardinia is- a part, have become alarmed over the prospect of an "American invasion." There is fear that the rich bounties of earth will become the property of an alien people across the sea. Yet it is admitted that but for American initiative and organization these mineral riches might have remained forever undiscovered, or, being dis covered, would not have been de veloped under domestic auspices. The crux of the mining situation in Sardinia is malaria. In the re gion where mining claims have been bought the death rate from this malady has for centuries been so high that people have avoided it as they would any place of pestilepce. But it is now proposed by American engineers that in addition to de veloping their physical properties, they shall make the entire locality habitable by driving out malaria, as General Gorgas did in Cuba and again in Panama, and as other sani tation engineers followyg their example have done elsewhere. Thus purged of its plague, the Sardinian mining district would invite the return of workmen who now shun it and would become populous and presumably prosperous as never be fore. These are conceded facts. So also is the feejing in Italy that not withstanding its long previous dis regard of the wealth in its own boun daries aliens ought not to be per mitted to reap the reward. There is the making of an involved inter- national discussion in the issues as presented. Discovery of the presence of tungsten ore in itself makes a ro mantic story. It came about when an officer of the American Red Cross, sent to the island to superin tend the opening of soup kitchens and workrooms near the close of the war. found traces of the prized metal in the course of a walk through the deserted hills. He recognized his find because he had been a pros pector in Colorado and he knew the value of the rock that had lain unregarded ever since the world was young. That the owners of landJ they regarded as waste were willing to part with it is part of the story; .that it may become a political issue is a sequel. In any event the world stands to be enriched by an addition to its supply of commercial tungs ten; the matter in dispute is how greatly the finders are entitled to be rewarded for the virtual creation of that which, but for their enter prise, would not be a thing of value today. Italy has done as little in the way of developing the island as did the several nations wluo in all the centuries of the Christian era made it the football of politics. Vandal and Saracen, Austrian and Bavarian, and many others have taken their toll and have given little in return. Yet in the old Roman days Sardinia was a famous source of grain and wine and even now it is a large producer of cattle and cheese. With the new incentive to overcome malaria and Americans to lead them in doing it, its people now. have a prospect of prosperity undreame'd of before the world war. SPEED IN TIIE AIR. Sadi Le Conte's feat in flying 300 kilometers, or 186.3 miles, at the rate of 169 miles an hour, when he won the James Gordon Bennett in ternational aviation trophy at Paris the other day, is another reminder of the amazing progress of aviation in a little more than a decade. The first race for the Bennett cup was flown in 1909, when " Curtiss, the American, won at a speed f only forty-seven miles an hour. This country had another victory in 1911, when the rate of speed of f.he win ning plane was eighty miles an hour. The former record has been nearly quadrupled and the latter more than doubled by the recent decisive achievement of the Frenchman, and the cup frightfully stays in France. Disappointing though the result may be to Americans, it shows that the human equation is still to be reckoned with equally with the ma chine in every form of competition. "The bast man won," said the Eng lish aviator, who may be set down as an impartial observer, "but you can't convince me that the fastest machine did." The machine to which he alluded was the American plane, but fortune seems to have de serted the American flyer. The comfcrt left to us is in the thought that we are able to construct cap able machines, and that pilots for them will not be lacking when avia tion ..has become as popular here as it is in France. In each of the earlier races won by Americans the pace set was viewed as a remarkable demonstra tion of the possibilities of speed in the air." The Wrights themselves, or Professor Langley, would not have risked their reputations on a pre diction, that 169 miles an hour would be attained in 1920. Senator Harding has invaded "the enemy's country," as Mr. Bryan would call it, but his reception in Baltimore suggests that Maryland may finally joii the list of republi can states after being in the doubtful column for 20 years. As manufac tures and commerce spread south ward, republicanism follows. The solid south may never actually break up, but constant nibbling at the edges may reduce it to small dimen sions. The owners of the sanitarium on Mount Tabor, who closed their insti tution without waiting for orders un der the fire-danger law ana will wreck it, purposing to build a quar ter-million structure, should be given permission, regardless of a few pro tests. Their word as to fitness to surroundings and of architectural beauty can be taken, for they are not people who bear false testimony and give equivocal answers. It is just possible the driver of a mail car thinks he has more right of way than the ordinary man. A-person killed by him cannot be pun ished for "interfering with the mails," but the driver can at least- be reproached for his ruthlessness. Malheur county is getting its fourth alfalfa meal mill and if other counties follow that rate the green pancake will be on the bill of fare ere long. Fire in an automobile at Bend was beaten out with a bouquet of flowers from the vase in the car. It's en couraging to find that the vases in automobiles have some use, after all. A moonshiner has two ways of es cape. One is to swallow the evidence and the other to marry the witness. A moonshiner can take chances more than theabider by the law. Drink sour milk and eat potato peelings, advises Dr. Boynton of Bellingham, and live long lives; but that is what hogs eat and none gets gray at it. A Portland man accused of over fondness for bark root bitters has been paroled- to his wife. He'll get his bitters now in the form of pills. If Edison maks a success of his invention to talk with the departed, a whole lot of people will reform their habits after one wireless. The intention, of the Beavers to help the Rainiers was commendable, but in the stress of play undoubtedly they forgot and won. Put not faith in the hope for pre war prices on the Thanksgiving tur key. That bird will be the last to come down. Hoquiam, Wash., by revised cen sus figures, has 10,058 population. Another northwestern city in the 10,000 club. The price-cutting movement has hit plrmos, which ought to strike a popular key. The weatherman says "probably rain," which is his way of consoling one." A new morning newspaper in Chi cago is the limit in optimism. PEOPLE ARES FIRM IN TRADITIONS Washington-Jefferson Doctrine Kill ing League of Nations Idea. PORTLAND, Oct. 1. (To the Edi tor.) Governor Cox's contemptuous references to the maxim "America First" has confirmed a. growing doubt in my mind as to the whole some influence of the league of na tions Idea. If it Is to substitute in ternationalism for patriotism, as is seems to have done rn this candidate for president, then I want none cf it. During the emotional days of tho war and immediately thereafter the league of nations principle appealed to me, as it did, I think, to the great mass of the people. Probably had there been a political election on that issue then, the league referendum would have carried overwhelmingly. But we are not now going to vote our emotions. In calm consideration, the league idea runs counter to the early instruction of every American citizen who has attended the public schools. Every common school pupil has been instructed not only in the Monroe doc trine, but in the fact that it is the corollary of that other policy of non interference in European affairs. The policy of non-interference In European affairs is as traditional and exactly as definite as the Monroe doc trine itself. Indeed it is stated in the same message that proclaims the Monroe doctrine. The Monroe doc trine has never been given the force of law or congressional resolution. It has merely been stated first by Presi dent Monroe and thereafter by several other presidents, some of whom have enlarged upon It. Several presidents have likewise proclaimed our fixed neutrality as regards European con troversies, since Washington advised that policy in, his farewell address. Ihey have enlarged upon the doctrine too. It was given emphasis by Thomas Jefferson in his first inaugural ad dress. "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none" he declared to be one of the outstanding tenets of our political creed Andrew Jackson probably gave this political creed its broudest scope when in his fourth annual message he said: Our best wishes on all occasions, our good office when required, will be af forded to promote the domestic tranquillity and foreign peace of all nations with whom we have any intercourse. Any intervention 1n their affairs further than this, even by the expression of an official opinion, is contrary to our principles of international policy, and will always be avoided. We certainly cannot volunteer the official opinion required of us by the league covenant and remain true to President Jackson's interpretation of this American maxim. John Quincy Adams has given the most elaborate exposition of any president of the Washington and Jef ferson doctrine. It was not uttered while he was in the executive office, but is found in a Fourth of July ad dress delivered by him In 1821. It is none the less forceful: America, In the assembly of nations, since her admission among th-em, has in variably, ' though often fruitlessly, he-Id forth to them the hand of honest friend ship, of equal freedom, of generouti reci procity. She has uniformly spoken among them, though often to heedless and often to disdain.lul ears, the language of equal liberty, equal justice an-d equal rights. She has in the lapse of nearly ha4f a cen tury, without a single exception, respected the Independence of other nations, while asserting and maintaining her own. She has abstained from interference in the concerns of others, even when the conflict has been for principles to which she clinss to the last vital drop that visits the heart, sihe has seen that probably for centuries to come, all the contests of that Aoeidama, the European world, will bo contests be tween inveterate power and emerging ri'sht. Wherever true standard of freedom and independence has been or shall be unfurled there will her heart, her bene dictions, her prayiers be. But she goes not abroad in search of monsters to de stroy. She is the wel'lwLsher to the free dom and independence of all. She is the champion and vindicator on-iy of her own. She will recommend the general cause by the countenance of her voice, and the benignant syrmpathy of her example. She well knows that by once enlisting under wtiher banners than her own, were they even the banners of foreign independence, she would involve herself beyond the power of extrication, in all the wars of interest and intrigue, of individual avarice. enivy and ambition, which assume the ccrlors and usurp the standard of freedom. The fundamental maxims of her policy would insemsibl-y change from liberty to force. The frontlet upon her brows would no Hmger beam with the ineffable splendor of freedom and independence, but in Us stead Would soon be substituted an im perial diadem, flashing In fale and tar nished lustne the murky radiance of do minion and power. She might become the dictatress of the world; she would no longer be the. ruler of her own spirit. By some historians John Quincy Adams is given the honor of having originated the Monroe doctrine. He was Monroe's secretary of state and was called into conference with Jef ferson by Monroe in formulating the doctrine. The usual quotation of the Monroe doctrine concerns only our declaration against European med dling with affairs in the western hemisphere. The doctrine also con tains the following: Of events In that quarter of the globe (Europe) with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive our origin, we have alw'ays been anxious and interested spectators. The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly In favor of the liberty and hap pitvess of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the Eu ropean powers in matters relating to them selves we have never taken any part, nor does It comport with our policy so to do It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent in juries and make preparation for otlr de fense. Two months before the publication of the Monroe doctrine Thomas Jef ferson wrote: Our first and fundamental maxim should be never to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe. Out second never to suffer Europe to Intermeddle with Cis Atlantic affairs. Grover Cleveland also reiterated the Washington-Jefferson doctrine in his first inaugural address. He said: The genius of our Institution, the needs of our people in their home Ufe. and fbe attention which is demanded for the set tlement and development of the resources of our vast territory, dictate the scrupulous avoidance ot any departure from that for eign -policy commended by the history, the traditions and the prosperity of our re public. It Is the policy of independence, favored by our position and defended by our known love oif Justice and by our own power. It Is the policy of peace suitable to our Interests. It is the policy of neu trality, rejecting any share in foreign brorls and ambitions upon other continents and repelling their intrusion here. It is tire policy of Monroe and of Washington and of Jefferson' "Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations, entan gling alliance with none." Throughout these quotations breathes the, spirit of America first. They announce a policy, a doctrine, which, as already said, is as definite and as traditional as the Monroe doc trine. It is a doctrine long taught to every person as one of reason, safety, honor and patriotism. No wonder the league issue is killing democratic chances. , And how curious it is that from Jefferson " down, every president quoted is of the party, or the fore runner of the party, whose captain now repudiates the doctrine they an nounced and. decries the patriotic principle they proclaimed. AMERICA FIRST. AUTUMN. I wonder why the autumn time is so akin to sorrow; The cricket's song Is sad to me. The withering leaves I would not see. Nor yield the summer's golden hours to autumn's chill tomorrow. Old grief returns at autumn time, like sad strains on a lute: 'Tis whispered by the wailing wind, A mist of tears my eyes will blind. And e'en the fluttering wind-swept birds fly southward, strangely mute. JANETTB MARTIN. Those Who Come and Go. When Billy McDonald, bellhop at the Benson, opened the door of the bus, the first man to step out was I George Madden, whom Billy left at Bordeaux long, lnn; ago. Mr. Madden was a chief machinist's mate in the; naval aviation service, and Billy was I one of the boys who had to soar aloft ' and fly far out to sea to escort trans ports into port and see that no sub-! marines were sneaking around in the water. Billy and George parted at j Bordeaux and when Billy was d is-1 charged he went back to hopping! bells at the Benson. George was 25 j months in France before he could get ' away, and he was one of the last of the Americans, for with r small squad he had to remain after transfer of material was made to the French. A few months ago Mr. Madden became a free man and headed for Stockton, CaL, from which place he is now trav eling for a tractor concern. "Sheep are being brought into Bend from the eastern slopes of the Cas cade mountains and are being sent to winter range and near hay," reports Ed Wood, who returned from central Oregon yesterday. "I saw about 20.000 head of sheep in the corrals at Bend, awaiting shipment. The sheep are entrained and taken down the Des chutes river, where they are taken off again at various points. It is a won derful sight to see so many sheep assembled. Snow is coming in the mountains and I met one man who has a flock of several thousand near the Sisters and he was wondering if they could get through the snow. There appears to be a demand for lambs. I ran across a man who is in the market .for more than 15,000 of them. He was planning to go as far as Lakeview, if necessary, to pick them up." Examining the road situation in southern Washington. James Allen and E. R. Hoffman, of Olympia. and P. L. Sinclair, of Seaview, Wash., ar rived at the Hotel Portland yesterday. Crossing from North Beach, the trio looked over the Columbia river high way around Clatsop county and then drove over the highway to this city, studying-the type of construction, the curves and grades. After a brief rest here, they left for Hood River by machine, with the intention of cross ing the Columbia river to Wfiite Salmon and then driving over the North bank road, officially known as the Evergreen highway, to Vancou ver andi then attempting the tedious undertaking of covering" the Pacific highway through Washington to Olympia. Colonel J. G. Dreisbach of Los An geles, on his way home from attend ing the annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Indianapolis, stopped off at Portland Wednesday to visit his son, M. J. Dreisback. of the Meier & Frank com pany. The colonel at 86-is hale and hearty and takes a keen interest in current affairs. He is an ardent Harding supporter. Mr. Dreisbach, Sr., was a colonel in the federal army at the battle of Antietem and has vivid memories of that fray. The colonel is delighted with Portland and its environs and is particularly glow ing in his praises of the Columbia river highway. Traveling salesmen look like gobs of disgust these days. They arrive from Seattle and report no business, and many of them complain that orders are getting scarce here. Some of the travelers pack up and leave after a hurried call on the trade. An occa sional drummer predicts a fall in Prices. For instance, a hat salesman at the Hotel Portland yesterday said that men's hats are dropping from $16 to $18 a dozen. Silk salesmen are still lamenting the way prices dropped in their line. Rapid progress has been made this summer on the new railroad being built out of Willamina .toward the Grand Ronde. The grade cuts across the McMinnville-Tillamook highway a couple of times, where the railroad and highway run through a small corner of Polk county. Charles P. Anderson of Willamina is among the arrivals at the ferKlns. Having renewed acquaintances in Boise and attended the Idaho state fair, which he declares is the best yet presented In Idaho. Richard Childs, manager of the Hotel Port land, landed home yesterday morning and then immediately started for Sa lem to see how the Oregon state fair compares with the one at Boise. Either the weather was too cold for camping out this summer or else people didn't care to live in tents, is the conclusion of T. H. McGeorge of Seattle, who is at the Multnomah. Ms. McGeorge draws this' deduction from his business, for he is in the tent and awning line. Gus Meese. who manufactures brooms and woodenware in Spokane and who is an especially enthusiastic member of the Knights of Pythias, is at the Imperial. He is hare on frajternal matters. Mr. Meese Is the second international official of the Dramatic Order Knights of Khor aasan. Fred Buntchudt was informing the desk force at the Hotel Oregon that he ran into a regular cloudburst on Thursday afternoon near Hillsboro. He was driVing to Portland from Tillamook in " the storm, when sud denly the rain poured down with tremendous force and volume. Three subjects engross the atten tion of John A. Westerlund. The first is the hotel business, for he manages one at Medford; the second Is the fruit crop of the Rogue river valley, and the third is politics. Yes terday, while registered at the Impe rial, he took up his favorite topics, one aftr another. Mr. Westerlund is a former member of the legisla ture, having been representative for Jackson county in the lower house. Ajax, in Gilliam county, showed a slump in population yesterday, for E. G. Palmer was in Portland and registered at the Perkins. Ajax is a small trading and shipping point about 25 miles southwest of Condon. Tourists are still straggling along from the east, although the normal tourist season is over. Among the belated sight-seers are Miss R. Kim brough and Miss E. C. Cost, who are at the Hotel Washington from Phil adelphia. C. K. Brandenburg, a merchant of Klamath Falls, is on a business trip to Portland and reports that Klamath Falls is still forging the front one of the busiest" towns In the state. Mr. Brandenburg is at the Imperial. After many months in Poland, E. V. Lockhart of Salem has arrived at the Hotel Washington on his way to the cherry city. Mrs. Lockhart came to Portland to meet him. Mr. Lockhart registered from Warsaw. Mrs. J. S. Coke of Marshfield, wife of Circuit Judge Coke, is in Portland with Mrs. William Horsfall Jr., also of Coos bay. They are registered at the Hotel Portland. William M. Colvig. once upon a time the mayor of Medford, is In Portland. While here he offered his services to the republican state central committee as a speaker. Mr. and Mrs. O. I. Peterson arrived at the Seward from Astoria yesterday , with the intention of remaining in this city. WHO IS HlNNIMi GOVERNMENT f During Inraparlty of President What Oligarchy ;tildra III llnnd f PORTLAND. Oct. 1. (To the Etfl tor.) Grote writes that oligarchical governments were common in cities of Greece in the seventh century B. C. Though not landing immediately to benefit the mass of freemen, yet. when compared to the former heroic gov ernment, they indicated an important advance the first adoption of a de liberate and preconceived system in the management of public affairs. They exhibited the first evidence of new and Important political ideas in the Greek mind the separation of legislative and executive powers: the former vested in a collective body, not merely deliberating, but also finally deciding, while the latter is confided to temporary magistrates, responsible to the body. The word is composed of oligos, "few,"' and archo. "I govern." The term finally developed in application to a government by an aristocratic few. Governor Cox. oJ super-Imaginative powers, creates an organization of the latter description within the senate. The definition of Grote applies more closely to the system of government created by our fathers, whicli Mr. Cox refuses to praise or discuss. The real fact is that for over a year the -country has been without a iresident except in name. No one denies the incumbent heartfelt sym pathy, but facts are facts. This brought about an oligarchy of the executive branch in the form of a government by the cabinet. Under Lansing it sought to function to a definite purpose. In a fleeting mo ment of mental energy the president wrecked this attempt. Since then the oligarchy of the cabinet has been as vain an effort as the failure of the chief executive to function. Enougli millions are wasted to pay vast sums on our debt and reduce the cost of living. To put it plainly, the people demand to know where our executive power is now really lodged. In the president, in a secret oligarchy which guides the president's hand as he writes, or in a loose-jointed and creaking cabinet? There are oligarchies and ol igarchies. Governor Cox would do well to heed the call of the voters to lift the curtain that all may see. He knows or ought to know what is there. Instead of doing this he fol lows a petulant ""and scolding course. Men are not obliged to inform the public of their purely private af fairs. The matter referred to is of intense public interest. It goes to the constitutional foundation of our government. Governor Cox should answer. It is more important than slush funds, senate oligarchies or phantom press hounds on the trail seeking to lap his very thin political life's blood. A refusal to answer or a disclaimer of knowledge will be highljt unsatisfactory. Finally, why does not Senator Cham berlain shed a violet ray on those matters? ROBERT C. WRIGHT. MINISTERS NOT ALL, IN LINE Reported Political Stand of Ansoela tlon Decried by Dr. Cllne. PORTLAND, Oct. 1. (To the Edi tor.) Let no one be misled by that reported unanimous vote for the democratic candidate for congress by the "General Ministerial Association" of Portland. If any call was made for such ac tion ail members of the association did not hear it, had no knowledge of it, and therefore do not appreciate being scandalized by such a report. It is recalled in this connection that an ineffectual attempt was made in the last regular- meeting of the association to exploit the coming of Governor Cox to our city. The ef fort was met by prompt opposition and "died a-bornin'." Any preacher has the right to be a democrat if he don't know any bet ter, but an association formed for another purpose altogether is no place for nim, or someone else through him. to seek an advantage. The fact is. such performances as that reported tends to bring the min istry into criticism by fair-in imled people. regadless of their political affiliations. Henry Ward Beecher classified the human family into men. women and ministers. C E. CLINE. In Other Days. Twenty-five Year Ago. L From The Oregonian of October J. lS!r. Henry M. Stanley, traveling Incog as S. M. Henry, passed through Port land yesterday en route to San Fran cisco. He declined to be interviewed but is believed to be on his way to the orient. A contract for construction of an electric line on First street, between Couch and Jefferson has been let by the Portland Consolidated and East Side companies. Local Chinese are wrought up over secession of four of the original com panies of the Chinese Six companies, which has long ruled the Chinese residents of this country. Mayor Frank will make the address formally opening the Oregon Indus trial exposition Saturday night. Gov ernor Lord has been invited. "Talks With T. Is the Bulliest Roosevelt Narrative Ever Printed Into the columns of the Sunday issue strides Roosevelt the man, as one of his firmest friends knew him. "Talks with T. R." was written by John J. Leary, Jr- widely known New York news paperman, from notes in his personal diaries. It covers all of the most active years of Colonel Roosevelt's career, as glimpsed by Mr. Leary in his many friendly conversations with the real American. The Sunday Oregonian presents the first installment of this re markable word portraiture tomorrow, and will continue the serial publication of "Talks With T. R." to the last chapter. Intensely human and doubly interesting by reason of the fact that many side lights e cast upon the life of Roosevelt, Mr. Leary's narrative cannot fail to seize and hold your interest. Wolf of Want Banished by Poor Man's Bank. Have you ever been down on your luck? To that degree where the price of a car ticket or ham sandwich does not jingle assurance, if even for the moment? Read DeWitt Harry's special story in the Sunday issue, of the City Loan association and the various pawn shops which have assumed the avuncular relation to many a wight in woe. State Fair Facts and Fun Through the Camera. The staff photographer is a most discerning person, as clear of vision as the lens of his own camera. And that is why, when he went to the state fair a couple of days ago, he snapped and brought back just the sort of pictures that claim attentive interest. One whole page of 'em, in the Sunday issue. Driven Exiles are Returning to Mexico. In many a bloody regime, when banditry flourished with profit and without rebuke, Mexican aristocracy was forced to flee to the sanctuary of the "United States, to Europe, to the four quarters of the globe. Has peace come to that turbulent territory? The exiles believe it has, for they are turning back. In the Sunday paper, with illustrations. The Funniest Thing That Charlie Chaplin Ever Did. Here's a yarn, gossips all, of the flight of Charlie from the process servers. It never was filmed. Told in the Sunday issue by William Hamlin, who hands us the humor of the Chaplin divorce suit. "I'll Train Our Children!" So said Trofessor Festus Owen, who held that his children were being badly spoiled by too much mother love. It took a divorce court judge, with kiddies of his own, to rule that there isn't any such thing as too much mother love. Narrated in the Sunday magazine section. All the News of All the World. THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. UNWRITTEN IIISTORV. It has been discovered that Ro mans dwelt largely in flat houses and that profiteering among land lords was the rule. Though Cicero the Indian sign af fixed to Mr. Cataline In early days, with measured phrase Mellifluent and mellow, Which made the senate cheer and sob. we thought he overdid the job. For Caltaiine appeared a fine. Though somewhat wayward, fel low. But very likely Cataline owned ten ements on laiatine And boosted rents on helpless gents. iki far itcii imil lew r-t-i-nit.. And if that happens to be so we quite acrep Mi:tt Cirero Was justified when he applied. His free and flowing curses. Though Caesar got a settling punch 111111 JIIUIUS V ,1--1 II o anil hi' ii bunch. Their hasty act has always lacked v"ii ncai urn iiiiu'i'tii hni. For Caesar, though nmhition dwelt and waxeci itiHui u'n-inu wi hell. Knew how to reign his wide do main With sense and moderation. But possibly when tenants cried for leave to get a landlord's hide, J. Caesar thought, as we.l he ought, to do his best to save him. And in thin case we understand why he w as subsequent ly panned. And why he got the deadly swat The Roman plotters gave him. Ky Way of Explxinntion. Many statesmen who stand for elec tion can't stand f:-st enough. Cheap Stuff. Connecticut won't get mueh grati tude for giving tlio women a vota that they already had. Too I.ate Now. If. Italy hadn't had a row with P'Antiunzio she cou'd settle her pres ent difficulties by sicking him onto the Reds. John Burroughs' Nature Notes. AnKwern to Prevlonn Questions. 1. What is the appearance of the oven-birU? The oven-bird, or wood-accenter. is the golden-crowned thrush of the old ornithologists. Every loiterer about the woods knows this pretty, speckled-breasted olive-backed lit tle bird, which walks along over the dry leaves a few yards from him, moving its head as it walks, like a miniature domestic fowl. 2. Where may the hare be found? The hare abounds in dense woods. preferring localities filled with a small undergrowth of beech and birch, upon the bark of which he feeds. Nature is rather partial to him. and matches his extreme local I habits and character with a suit that corresponds with his surroundings ' reddish gray in summer and white in I winter. 3. Do many birds perish at sea. No doubt the number of our land birds that actually perish in the sea during their autumn migration, being carried far out of their course by the prevailing westerly winds of this season, is very great. What num bers of these little navigators of the air are misled and wrecked during those dark and stormy nights on the lighthouses alone that line the At lantic coast! 4. Do birds ever shade each other from the sun? There is little doubt that among certain of our common birds the male during periods of excessive heat has been known to shade the female with his out-stretched wings. and the mother bird to shade her young in the same way. 5. Does the skunk dig his own den for the winter? Ti, L-ViinU iv, the full is too indo- I lent even to dig his own hole, but appropriates that of a wnoacnucK. or hunts out a crevice in the rooks, from which he extends bis rambling in all directions, preferring damp, tliuv.y weather. 6. Which is the month ot tall weeds? September may be described as the month of tall weeds. Where they have been suffered to stand along retires, by roadsides aivl in forgotten corners redroot. pigweed, ragweed, vervain, goldenrod. burdock, elecam pane, thistles, teasels, nellies, asters. etc. how they lift themselves up as if not afraid to be seen now'. Can Inn Answer These Question!, f 1. Does the woodcock sing while in flight? 2. At what season are the eggs of insects mostly laid? 3. Is the gray squirrel apt to fall to the ground from the trees? Answers in Monday's Nature Note. (Rights re:rved by Houghton-Mif-lin Co.)