TITE MORNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1920
ESTABLISH KD BY HKNRT I- PITTOCK.
Published by The Oretronian Publishing Co.,
I'M Sixth btrset, Portland. Oregon.
C. A. MOHDEN. E. B. PIPER,
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rAIt.MERS' CO-OPKRATIVE
MARKKTINO.
One of the great needs of the
United States is to "increase the
number of farmers and to increase
farm production, for it Is realized
that the number who consume food
in the cities has frown out of pro
portion to the number who produce
it in the country. To get more
farmers we must make farm life
more attractive. The first requisite
to attractiveness is that the farm
shall yield a fair, sure profit from
year to year. That is the purpose
of the state market commission bill,
which has been placed on the ballot
by initiative petition.
The great difficulty of the farmer
is that the conditions of his occupa
tion place him at a disadvantage in
marketing his crop. His time is
absorbed with his work, and distance
deprives him of the opportunity to
keep in constant communication
. i . x. r.icmAfc: a r A tn Iropn in.
formed on market conditions to the
degree possible for men engaged in
any line of business in a city. , He
sells to men in the cities whose
daily occupation is to keep informed
of and to take advantage of market
conditions. The farmer is there
fore under a handicap in selling his
product if he acts as an individual.
There are also between him and
the consumer a larger number of
middlemen than are necessary to
the work of distribution, and there
are speculators who are an unmixed
evil. They absorb an excessive share
of the price paid by the consumer,
they often press down the farmer's
price below the point where he
makes any rrofji, and they cause
such fluctuation that the farmer is
kept in doubt whether he will make
any profit until his crop is actually
old.
The purpose of the market com
mission is to provide a way for the
farmer to overcome these handicaps.
The market director is to assist and
guide farmers w ho produce any par
ticular kind of crop in getting to
gether, forming associations on the
co-operative plan and selling the
crops of all in large quantities in
stead of each one selling his own
small quantity himself. The direc
tor would give the farmers of Ore
gon the benefit of experience gained
by those of California and other
states, and would advise them how
to comply with the law and how
to secure all the rights that the law
gives. Through these associations
their members are able to hire men
skilled in packing, shipping and sell
ing any particular kind of produce.
These men study the market, ascer
tain where there is demand, what
is the available supply and at what
prices sales should be made in order
to dispose of the entire crop. They
pell to men or corporations that
actually distribute to consumers,
leaving no opening for speculators
to rake off a profit at the farmer's
expense. They stimulate demand by
establishing uniform grades, pack
ing and labels, and by advertising
on a scale which would be impossible
without such organization.
This plan of co-operation has been
followed in other states, especially
in California, and everywhere it has
been successful. It has secured to
fruit-growers, poultrymen, alfalfa
growers and others a profitable price,
a market for all that they produce,
a stable price reasonable to the con
sumer, and it has greatly broadened
the market, it is in accord with the
American idea of self-help, for the
producers themselves form the or
ganizations, hire the managers, di
rect them and share the proceeds
in proportion to the quantity that
they produce. The associations are
not designed to make profit, but pay
the producer the price obtained for
his product less cost of operation.
The market director is their adviser
and helper, his authority being to
keep them within the law and to
prevent abuses. Not only the pro
ducers who directly benefit but men
in every other fine of business who
profit indirectly are of one mind in
favor of the system, as all joined in
testifying when Harris Weinstock,
the first market director of Cali
fornia, resigned last January. The
Oregon bill is almost exactly like
that of California, with the improve
ment that it applies to associations
already organized.
Farmers have been awakened to
the need of some such system. The
prevalent discontent among them is
due to the conviction that they do
not get their share of the ultimate
price of their products and that they
are at the mercy of men engaged
in the distributing business who
should be serving them. Socialists
have been quick to see their oppor
tunity, for their agitators told the
North Dakota farmers that the only
remedy was a co-operative system
conducted by the state on the plan
of the non-partisan league. The
consequence is that they pay enor
mous tribute to the league and the
horde of officials that it has foisted
on the state amounting to as much
or more than was formerly appro
priated by the middlemen. In Cali
fornia the co-operative system is
owned and managed by the farmers
themselves, who- get all the profit.
The superiority ' of that plan is
proved by the fact that the league
' has not been able to get a foothold
,in California. Oregon has the op
portunity to get the same plan with
out appreciable increase of taxes.
' While the bill makes an initial ap
propriation of $50,000, it establishes
a system of fees for various services
which should make the system self-
sustaining.
The time is ripe for some system
of co-operative marketing for farm
ers and other producers from the
soil. The choice is practically re
duced to the California' plan run by
the producers, which has succeeded,
and the North Dakota plan run by
the state with its socialist officials
and with trebled taxes. By adopt
ing the California plan, embodied
in the marketing bill, Oregon can
shut out the North Dakota plan.
A VITA I DISTINCTION.
Mr. Cox permits his'easily excited
emotions to boil over at "America
First." It sounds to him just like
"Deutschland Ueber Alles" and lie
thinks just as little of the American
who is for America first as for the
German who is, or was, for Germany
over all the world.
Mr. Cox comes dangerously near
emitting a Coxian sneer at the high
est ana tinest sentiment oi American
citizenship, and at the same time he
puts himself in tune with the nox
ious and destructive internationalism
which gives aid and comfort to the
nation's enemies in war and in
peace.
To the true American the full
meaning of America r irst is that
he is for his country first1 and for
any or all others next. To the Ger
man junker, "Deutschland Ueber
Alles" meant literally a conquering
Germany, a Germany supreme over
all others, a world paying tribute to
Germany and its arrogant kultur.
If it be denied that "Deutschland
Ueber Alles" meant and means Ger
many first, with none second, and
that "America First" meant and
means a world at peace, with every
people and every nation given its
full right to its place in a progres
sive and fruitful civilization. Jet the
record of 1914-1918 speak.
NOT AN EAST QUESTION.
The Albany Democrat issues a'
solemn note of warning to the legis
lature of New York that its expul
sion of socialist members may result
in election of a socialist house. Foll
owing a previous exclusion of the
five socialists from membership, all
were triumphantly elected In their
respective districts over a fusion of
the two major parties. Of the re
election the Democrat says:
Let It be clearly understood that this
action does not mean vindication ef so
cialism, or of the American socialist
party. It is simply the vindication of
law and justice. It upholds the right of
every important group of citizens to have
Its governmental ideas expressed by law
ful representations, instead of giving
minorities no recourse but to violence and
revolt.
Upon Its principles, socialism will never
undermine the larger parties. Let It rest
upon its principles. When might is used
to crush. socialism, socialism will be
found to thrive.
True, all important groups of
American citizens are entitled to
"lawful representatio n"; but a
necessary corollary of that great
democratic principle is that it must
be by lawful representatives. It is
axiomatic, too, that an individual, or
party, that proposes reform or
change in our system of government
must adopt constitutional means.
It may be admitted that the ques
tion of the right of the New York
socialists to their legislative seats
has various perplexing aspects. The
facts as to their individual disloyalty
are in dispute. But, among other
things, it was not disputed, at the
previous trial, that they had, before
they offered to take the oath of
office, Eubscribed their names to
formal resignations, which were
placed in the hands of the socialist
party management. They were thus
subject to peremptory recall at any
time they or any of them fell under
the displeasure of thtfir party or
ganization. It may be doubted if
the Democrat would agree that the .
chairman of the democratic commit
tee of Linn county, for. example,
should have the power and the right
at this option to deprive the people
of the whole county of representa
tion in the legislature. Should a
legislature under such conditions ad
mit such a member?
Mr. Berger, a socialist, convicted
of sedition, was expelled from con
gress. He was re-elected, and was
again denied his seat. Shall it be
said that it was the duty of congress
to yield to the judgment of the
voters in Berger's district as to who
should represent them? Or is con
gress itself to have, as the constitu
tion provides, sole authority to de
termine the eligibility of its mem
bers? The Oregonian is among those
who think that loyalty to the Ameri
can constitution, and to American
institutions, should be an indispen
sable condition to the eligibility of
any citizen to hold public office.
SCOrE OF THE TV. C. T. U.
The Woman's Christian Temper
ance Union is bo widely thought of
in connection with the movement to
banish intoxicating liquor from the
world that the important work it
has done in other fields is apt to be
overlooked. It is true that the or
ganization had its inception in the
anti-liquor crusade of 1874. There
were signs of a reaction from that
remarkable uprising, and to preserve
the advantage that had been gained
a number of far-seeing American
women issued a call from Chautau
qua for a national convention of
temperance women to be held at
Cleveland in November of that year.
At this gathering of representatives
from sixteen " states the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union was
born. It is now organized in every
state in the union and through the
Worlds Woman's Christian Tern
perance Union is affiliated with 50
nations in temperance and other up
lift work.
No human welfare organization
in JLhe world is better known than
the W. C. T. U It is worthy of note
that the first convention .of the
world W. C. T. U., held in Boston in
1901, was the first international
women's convention of any kind ever
hehj. Both organizations came early
in their existence under the spell of
the remarkable personality of Miss
Frances H. -Wilrard, to .whom they
are directly indebted for their pres
ent "Do everything" policy, in pur
suance of which they have come to
stand not only for temperance, but
also for social purity, ami for
women's equality in the home,, the
church and the state. Legislation
providing for the teaching of physi
ology and hygiene in the public
schools, laws raising the age of con
sent, reform of abuses of the opium
trade in India and China, establish
ment of school savings banks, a vast
aggregate of reform work in penal
institutions, and, an imposing edu
cational programme -are among the
results which have flowed from this
policy.
Even the most hopeful of its
founders could hardly have foreseen
the world-wide influence which the
organization has wielded. This was
strikingly illustrated 22 years ago
by the polyglot petition for "home
protection," as Miss Willard termed
it, which was addressed to the gov
ernments of the world, collectively
and severally. It was written in 50
languages and 1,121,000 signatures
were obtained. It is impossible to
overestimate the influence for so
cial purity and better citizenship
that is traceable to the momentous
Cleveland convention held 46 years
ago.
CLOSE THEM
It was pretty generally understood
following the state fair a year ago
that at succeeding fairs gambling
devices would be excluded from the
grounds.
Notwithstanding this professed
reformation at Salem, many conces
sions at the state fair have this week
blossomed into games of chance. It
also appears that on demand of the.
governor and local authorities the
fair board has compelled five of the
most objectionable of these concesi
sions to close and it is now said that
the sheriff of Marion county will
close 15 more of them.
Is this all of them? Why any
games of chance at the state fair are
now. permitted or have been per
mitted to operate ought to be ex
plained and explained promptly if
any explanation is possible. We can
think of none. Not even the one
that they produce revenue for the
state fair is sufficient, when their
belittling . character and. bad influ
ence are considered."
There are some, indeed, -which
weakly pretend to be games of skill
in which prizes are offered, but in no
instance are any of these games such
as persons who attend a state fair
are accustomed to play or would
play at home or anywhere else for
pure entertainment. Nobody who
plays them is skilled in them. No
sane person will waste time fitting
himself accurately to throw rings
over a pin or to roll little balls down
a board and into a pocket. They
offer no competition between play
ers. They are lotteries. The rare
winner wins by luck and the per
centages are ten times stronger
against him than in rolling dice.
They are cheap attempted evasions
of the anti-gambling laws laws im
posed by the same commonwealth
that supports the state fair as an
educational institution.
The open flaunting of gambling
devices at the 'state fair is a disgrace
that should not be tolerated a day
longer by either the state fair board
or the law-enforcing authorities of
Marion county.
A UITT OF EMPLOYERS.
It will surprise a good many citi
zens of Portland to be told that
there are among us 5000 aliens who
can neither read nor write English,
and 4who speak the language in
differently. As distressing, if not
as surprising, is the statement made
by education authorities, that of this
number only about 500, or 10 per
cent, were enrolled in the evening
classes conducted during the last
school year under the auspices of the
Portland school district. Discrep
ancy between the number taking ad
vantage of our facilities for Ameri
canization and the number obvious
ly in need of fundamental education
in this direction Is painfully wide.
Now the opening of the new night
school term is approaching, and
those who have labored to make the
Americanization movement effective
are beginning to wonder and with
reason how far they can rely on
fellow citizens to co-operate in improving-
on the rather dubious record
of the past year. For it is obvious
that a system of education, however
competent, is useless without pupils.
We do not have compulsory educa
tion ior aliens, tnough many
thoughtful educators favor the plan,
and meanwhile our forces of moral
suasion alone are to be relied on.
A duty and an opportunity exist
here for every employer who has
an illiterate alien on his payroll.
There is a duty to point out the ad
vantage of education to the work
man, both as an employe and as a
potential citizen, and an opportunity
to show that the facilities for such
an education are free to the hum
blest. We think that the enlightened
employer who values the welfare of
his men and the future security of
the state will find the way to make
these facts clear. And, as a last re
sort, the argument ought not to be
without force that those who delib
erately decline to enter into the
spirit of the country do not deserve
preference in employment over those
who are willing to become Ameri
cans.
The menace of a large body of
aliens excluded by their illiteracy
rrom an understanding- of what
America may mean to them, and
segregated into clans by foreign
language ties, was made apparent
during the recent war. The present
movement for Americanization is
the outgrowth of realities then
forced on us. That the work should
now be permitted to lag is incon
ceivable more especially since the
schools are organized and waiting
and require only the attendance of
their pupils to vindicate the plan.
Several night schools begin the
new term on Tuesday next. Of these
there are two having classes for
alien adults at the I.add school and
at Jefferson High. The Information
ought to be useful to every citizen
who knows an alien who might
profit by it.
RAPID RKCOVERY OF KRANt'E.
One of the aims of the German
militarists was that, even if the war
should end in a draw, which was
the worst outcome that entered
their calculations, the manufactur
ing and mining districts of France
should be so utterly laid waste that
that country should never again be
a serious eompetitor of Germany.
This purpose partly explains Ger
many's "welshing" on the reparation
terms of the Versailles treaty, and
French haste at reconstruction with
out German help in the actual work.
As a consequence we have a demon
stration of the recuperative power
of France far surpassing that given
by payment of the $1. 000,000,000 in
demnity in 1873.
With its own resources France by
June 1, less than 18 months after
the- war-ended, had partially or
wholly rebuilt over half a million
houses and 3800 factories, of which
76 per cent had resumed operations:
had totally rebuilt 870,000 houses.
repaired 13,000 miles of highway.
had filled in 156,000.000 cubic yards
of trenches or more than half the
total yardage, and had cleared over
41,000 acres of barbed wire. On
the two main railroads which had
suffered severely 1810 miles of
double track have been entirely re
built, with bridges, tunnels and sta
tions. The population of the war
area, which had fallen on the date
of the armistice to 1.944.000, has al
most regained its pre-war total of
about 4,000,000.
France ranks high as an agri
cultural country, 70 per cent of its
production being1 from the land, and
it Is fast regaining its pre-war posi
tion. Of 9,776.000 acres of farm
land rendered useless by the war,
3,755,000 are again under cultivation,
the government having helped the
farmers by furnishing g-reat quan
tities of seed, fertilizer, machinery
and furniture. The war area already
produces more than enough cereals
for its own consumption, and is
rapidly restoring beet production to
the pre-war level, though almost
half of the beet area was overrun
and France was changed from an
exporter to an importer of sugar.
The worst hindrance to revival of
manufactures has been destruction
of the coal mines of Pas de Calais,
but these are fast being restored and
are again producing on a larger
scale each month. The Saar basin
mines yield enough for the indus
tries of Alsace-Lorraine, and deliv
eries from Germany now are .close
to the quantity agreed on at the Spa
conference. Development of water
power is doing much to compensate
for shortage of coal, the quantity
developed since 1916 and the con
struction planned for 1920 and 1921
being equal to the pre-war total and
bringing the amount developed to
20 per cent of that available.
Recovery of Lorraine has put
France in position to double its out
put of iron ore, and to become sec
ond to the United States in steel
production, the war having com
pelled doubling the capacity. The
country was a great importer of
chemicals before the war. Conver
sion of war industries to peace uses
and recovery of the Alsace potash
deposits have so stimulated the in
dustry that France has become an
exporter of chemicals. The textile
Industries actually exceeded their
pre-war output in 1916 and 1917,
despite the devastation of the Lille
district. Three-fourths of the mills
in that district have resumed pro
duction, and the mills of Alsace are
a net gain. The loss of shipping
has already been made good, exclu
sive of the French share of the
German ships, and 1,225,000 tons are
to be built by 1922.
Revival and expansion of French
industry are reflected In the volume
of foreign trade. During the first
seven months of 1920 exports aver
aged two and a half times those of
1919. Imports increased 1,908,368,-
000 francs, but most of this was in
industrial material to be used in
manufacture, and the adverse trade
balance decreased 31 per cent.
I rench tenacity in resisting abate
ment of reparation claims against
Germany is not to be taken as im
plying that the nation delays recon
struction until Germany supplies the
capital. France has gone ahead
with its own resources, and the gov
ernment has lent more than 20,
000,000,000 francs to the people of
the devastated region. As after the
war of 1870, France is rising again
with wonderful resiliency and gives
promise of great increase in eco
nomic power. It is as invincible in
industry and thrift as it was in valor.'
It is not to be wondered at that a
motorman thought he "had 'em"
when in the nighthe found an escap
ing seal on nis right of way. It is
not long since a Seattle man, stop
ping- at a Broadway hotel and out at
midnight, thought likewise when he
saw elephants, giraffes and other
wild life walking toward the depot
after showing in a playhouse.
Mr. Debs says that if he were
president his first act would be to
abolish penitentiaries. We trust his
election may be staved ' off long
enough to provide quarters for the
ball players who have confessed to
throwing" games.
Federal prohibition officers want
to close a Seattle man's deck for a
year because they found a quart in
his desk. Presume it will be charged
that this is a Portland plot designed
t cork up the celebrated Seattle
spirit.
Senator Harding- points out that
under the Wilson administration the
national debt actually has increased
J25.000.000 since June 30. Let's
hear from Candidate Cox on this
aspect of the slush fund. ,
John McGraw is Irish; Cornelius
McGillicuddy is, too; and there's no
question about Pat Moran; all the
breed In baseball Is square. It's the
foreigners that try to spoil it.
President Wirson's idea of the
function of congress seems to be
that it should do only what he gives
it permission to do, and be- kept
after school if it doesn't.
Chicago restaurants have reduced
their prices. And small wonder.
either, considering that the Chicago
public must be about fed-up on the
baseball scandal.
That legion meeting at Cleveland
knows what to say and says it.
There's a lot of the 100 per cent
American in this big land of ours.
A total of 375 divorces was granted
at Kansas City in one day. Even
Vancouver couldn't keep up the
supply of prospects at that rate.
A woman is suing- for a decree,
alleging the husband made frequent
attempts to hypnotize her. But sup
pose he had tried chloroform !
It will be a long time before a
fellow can "eat all day" for the price
of a present-day meal, but there are
signs in the sky.
Any dicky bird who talks of public
ownership in this sound man's town
is saying things through his last
year's straw lid.
Two of- the killers of Til Taylor
get life and in comparison Hart,
who will hang next month, has the
better prospect.
' A world's electrical exposition
here in 1925 sounds good. The
country knows how Portland will
do it, too.
What's the good of a cut in fliv
vers while kitchen sinks in which to
wash them stay up?
Big democrats will waste time by
talking in Oregon, the dependable
republican state.
Like all fine things In Oregon, the
fine weather- was too good to last
the week.
Jamaica ginger is getting too stout
for even Seattle.
BY-PRODUCTS OF TUB TIMKS '
Dramatic Critic Seta Forth What m '
Good Theater Should Be. j
A good theater, writes George
Jean Nathan in the Smart Set, should
be like the library of an amiable
and cultivated man; it should possess
all the virtues of such a library, and
all the pleasant little vices. It
should not be devoted largely to the
classics; a library composed largely
of the classics is the mark of the
nouveau or the dusty head.
It should display what is best in
the old. for that is always fresh; it
should display what is best of the
new, for that Is always arresting;
it should contain also the agreeable
unimportant trifles that go to chase
away thought and soberness with
loud, low chuckles. It should be a
theater, like the library, upon whose
shelves stand In juxtaposition re
flection and belly laughter, poetry
and gay, low fig stuff, wit and the
torpedo bat, imagination, honest
sentiment, searching comment, and
fair and lovely v frontispieces.
It would show upon its shelves in
close proximity Aristophanes and
"Anatol." Bahr and Bickel, Corneille
and Irene Castle. Feydeau and the
"Follies," Goethe and Lady Gregory,
Hauptmann and Raymond Hitch
cock, Ibsen and "The Importance of
Being Earnest," "Justice" and Justice
Johnston, Moliere an-d Kathleen
Martyn. "Othello" and "Oh, Boy,"
Rostand and Rip, Shakespeare and
Sam Scribner's Burlesquers.
.It should, like his library, take the
man's culture for granted. It should
Interest, divert and amuse, not edu
cate. It should, with its fond re
'memorations arid reflections, be as
an old trunk in the attic of hts
mind or, with Its lively beauties and
humors, as a sudden cocktail.
Joseph Pulitzer, the famous blind
founder of the New York World, was
not always a purist in language. At
least so writes Charles Chapin, who
was for twenty years city editor, of
the Evening World, in his autobio
graphy Just published by Putnams,
and called "Charles Chapin's Story."
"Sometimes when I was reading
to him he would become explosively
profane." writes Chapin. "And how
shockingly that blind man could
swear! With him profanity was
more of an art than a vice. Once
when I had read something to him
that made him angry with the
writer's stupidity he swore so pas
sionately and so loud and grew so
choleric and red in the face, that 1
feared something inside of him
might snap.
"Suddenly he checked himself and
pricked up his ears. There were
angry voices in an adjoining room.
One of his young sons was having
a run-in with his tutor and was
forcibly telling' what he thought of
him. A peculiar expression, a mix
ture of annoyance and amusement,
came over my employer's counte
nance. " 'Dear me," he said, T wonder
where that boy learned to swear."
He didn't utter another oath during
the remainder of my visit."
Much talk has been heard lately
of martyrs, says the New York
Evening Post. 'There Is one martyr
whom we should like to immortalize.
He is the man who has courage
enough to wear his straw hat or
Palm Beach suit after September 15.
So sheep-like conformity to a silly
edict for him. He is a martyr to the
cause of comfort and common
sense. If it is as warm September 20
as it was September 10, he refuses to
be stampeded into a felt fedora or
a suit of Scotch mist that tickles his
knees. He consults the weather and
his own comfort when deciding what
clothes to wear, not the calendar.
We have not enough men of the
heroic mold In which this indepen
dent person is cast. His is the spirit
that tramples down obstacles and
shakes off the hold of custom. He
knows his own mind and follows it.
Socrates defying- his judges, Martin
Luther nailing his theses to the
church door, Columbus starting out
to find a western route to Asia all
these bear testimony to the courage
that enables this man to flout the
millions and remain true to the faith
that is in him. We abhor his taste.
but we admire his pluck!
David Edstrom, sculptor, has on
display at his studio in the Hotel des
Artistes, his famous figure "Ophelia,"
the inspiration for which, he says,
was his wife, Cora D. Edstrom, who
has just made him defendant in a
suit for separation and alimony.
The first sketch of "Ophelia," the
sculptor s-ays, he sent to her, dedi
cating it to her. In a recent state
ment Mr. Edstrom declared that for
weeks prior to the filing of his
wife's suit he had searched in vain
for her.
"I cannot look at the figure,
(Ophelia)." he said, "without asso
ciating it with her. And 1 cannot
help feeling that hallucinations that
followed her breakdown in Paris are
at the bottom of some of the astound
ing allegations she makes against
me."
He declares that instead of aban
doning her, as she charges, he has
tried unsuccessfully to Induce her to
hare his home.- New York World.
In Japan the telephone number f
commands a higher price from sub
scribers than any other. This num
ber, written in Its Japanese char
acter, means success and prosperity
and costs the subscriber $500 a year.
Another lucky number is 357, for the
reason that It is the custom to pre
sent children to the Deity on their
third, fifth and seventh birthdays.
As a general rule odd numbers are
considered lifckier than even num
bers. . Numbers forty-two and forty
nine are particularly unlucky in the
eyes of the Japanese. The former is
pronounced "shini," which means
death; the latter, "shiku," meaning
distress and suffering. These num
bers are carefully avoided by sub
scribers, and are usually allotted to
police stations, asylums and similar
institutions. J-ondon Tit-Bits.
Tony Grisnick, a Kansas City
grocer, was arrested by Lee Nelson.
food inspector, after a housewife had
complained Grisnick sold her some
antiquated eggs The grocer pleaded
not guilty in police court.
"Is anyone here a Judge of good
and bad eggs?" Judge McCombs
asked, after hearing the evidence.
No one responded. Nelson, who
was prosecuting: Grisnick, toyed with
an egg above the. judge's desk.
"I guess we had better give Tony
the benefit of the doubt, and "
began the judge.
He was interrupted by a loud
"pop." Nelson had dropped the egg.
"You're fined 25!" shouted the
judge.
Those Who Come and Go.
'About 500 carloads of pears have
been shinned from Medford this sea
son," says W. H. Gore. Tn noaa
pear, which Is our highest priced
product, is selling, wholesale. In New
York, for S6 a i box. I know of, ten
cars of Bartletts which were sold
f. o. b., Medford. for 2.90 a Dox. ana
the Bartlett is our cheapest pear. The
TtoT-tl.tf lii a resrular annual producer.
nH whil tVi falirornls Bartletts Ket
on the market earlier than ours, the
quality of our Bartlett is such that
it can command a good price, canning
pears are being sold from 80 to
120 a ton. There are other sections
vhiph eon nroduca annlea the eaual
o fours, but when it comes to pears.
we have the superior quality, unap
proachable. At that we do well in the
apple line, and I know of one com
nanv which has bouerht J84.000 of our
apples this season." Mr. Gore is reg-
isteied at the Imperial.
A boon to motorists bloomed on the
Oswego road, at the city limits of
Portland, sometime yesterday after
noon If concrete, iron and paint may
be said to bloom. At any rate there
it stands for all to read, the first of
the new road signs to be installed on
the Pacific highway and the first of
many in Oregon directing the motor
ist to Salem and all points south, with
mileage given clear to the California
line. Installation of the new road
signs was directed by Ray Walsh, en
gineer in charge of road signs for the
state highway commission, who an
nounced that he had placed 18 such
friendly aids to travel between Salern
and Portland, and that a total of 43
will decorate the wayside from here
to California. Mr. Walsh received a
practical demonstration of the re
quirements of the road to Salem, when
he and his truck were all but jostled
from the highway by the rush of
motorists to the state fair.
Although the Chinese have been
agriculturalists for more than 4000
years, they an willing to listen to
any new kinks In the way of coaxing
produce from the ground. Therefore,
Charles L. McFarlane of Richmond,
Va.. has been engaged to do some irri
gation and agricultural work for the
Chinese government. Mr. MacFarlane,
who is registered at the Multnomah,
is on his way to San Francisco, where
he will take ship for the orient. Mr.
MacFarlane is considered an authority
on dry farming and for 20 years he
has been connected with agricultural
colleges. He has also been engaged
in the Panama canal zone.
Mr. and Mrs. McComis of Pendleton
are house guests of Mr. and Mrs.
w. L. Thompson. Mr. McComis is in
the grain business in Umatilla county
and also has a sawmill on the side,
and he ow.ns an island. This island
has been a source of litigation for
the past 12 years and Mr. McComis
and the Northern Pacific railroad have
both been paying taxes on it. The
island is in the Columbia river be
tween Wallula and Walla Walla and
is something more than two miles
long and has about 900 acres in it.
If the island ever gets out of litiira-
tion and Mr. McComis does anything
with It, he will set it out to alfalfa.
To study logging by machinery, a
party of civil engineers have arrived
from India and are headed toward the
forests of Oregon. In the vanguard
of these visitors is Gilbert Rogers,
who arrived in Portland yesterday.
For the past 30 years Mr. Rogers has
been in the forestry service of India.
The party of engineers consists of 15
men who intend going into the log
ging camps of this state and watch
ing the entire process from felling
trees, to transporting of logs to the
sawmills.
The pioneer McGowan cannery at
McGowan, Wash., is not operating
this fall. The market for fall fish is
off. The McGowan concern put up a
big spring pack, which commands a
better price, so the fall fish are not
receiving attention from this plant.
Henry McGowan Is registered at the
Imperial while in town on business.
Marking salmon and gathering in
formation at the state and govern
ment hatcheries are the work of Wil
lis H. Rice of Stanford university,
who was in Portland yesterday. He
is a field assistant of the United
States bureau of fisheries and a few
months ago he was marking thou
sands of salmon In the Rogue river.
W. E. St. John, who resigned as
county commissioner of Douglas
county a few months ago. was in
Portland yesterday. It is seldom that
an official voluntarily relinquishes
his job, but Mr. St. John did because
his extensive orchards at Sutherlin
required all of his attention.
Farmers down Clatskanle way are
well satisfied with their harvest this
year, reports R. Robinson, who is reg
istered at the Perkins. Md Robin
son isn't a farmer, but is a cheese
maker and is a firm believer that
cheese 1b one of the most wholesome
food products to be found.
After motoring from British Colum
bia and Puget sound to Portalnd. a
party of Astorians arrived at the
Htftel Portland ' yesterday with the
Intention of going to the state fair.
The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs.
C. H. Cailender and Mr. and Mrs. W.
U. Tallant.
Glen Htte. manager of the Hotel
Washington, took a day off yesterday
and went to Salem to see how the
state fair was getting on. He re
turned late last night enthusiastic in
his praise of the attractions offered.
Mr. and Mns. A. E. Crosby of The
Dalles motored to Portland for a
visit with their son. who is a cadet
at the Jtill Military academy and then
wont on to the state fair at Salem.
Mr. Crosby is a druggist at The Dalles.
With a shipment of stock, Charles
Wright of Pendleton came to town
yesterday and found a ready sale for
his livestock. Mr. Wright ranges
south of Pendleton in the Mackay
country.
In Vancouver. H. C. J. A. W. Bell is
with the Kmeraon Hardwood com
pany, which also operates a factory
In Portland. Mr. Bell reports that the
head of the concern, Mr. Emerson, is
seriously ill.
Claude Thirkell. who is chairman of
the wholesale textile association of
London, England, arrived at the Hotel
Portland yesterday. Mr. Thirkell is
ona tour of the states.
Edmonton has been thronged with
visitors thi year, mostly people look
ing for locations, according to C. C.
Sommers. who, with Mrs. Pommers.
is at the Multnomah, from sunny
Alberta.
The executive vice-president of the
Great Northern railway is at the
Multnomah. He is G. R. Martin and
his headquarters are in St. Paul. Minn.
Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Hudson of Bend,
where Mr. Hudson is ii the sawmill
business, are spending a few days in
Portland and are at the Benson. -
James T. Shaw, who is attorney
for'the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph
company, has arrived, at the Hotel
Portland from San Francisco. .
Looking over the lurnber"situation
Is G. H. Trump of Pittsburg. Pa., who
is at the Hotel Portland. Mr. Trump
Is a lumber broker. ...
COX'S KKW l'LEUGK IS 1.1 K K OLD
Latest Reply to Prohibition Inquiry
Leavea Way Opoa That Drye Fear.
PENDLETON, Or., Sept. 29. (To. the
Editor.) Tuesday in South Dakota
Governor Cox again defined his at-j
titude on the liquor question, using
the following language: i
Question from thev audience: "If
elected president of the United States,
what will be your attitude in regard
to the Volstead law?"
Answer of the candidate: "My at
titude with reference to that whole
question is this. I shall oppose any
measure that Is in conflict with the
constitution of the United States and
the 18th amendment as interpreted
by the supreme court."
That answer, like every other which
the Ohio executive has given upon
this subject, is unadulterated cam
aflouge. The question and answer
were, of course, both prearranged to
meet an emergency. The vital ques
tion is artfully dodged. Just as in
Seattle, he avoided the danger line
by declaring that the liquor question
Is as dead as slavery, and by assert
ing elsewhere that he had always
voted dry and that he had rigidly
enforced the Ohio ealoon laws.
Let us see what the truth Is and
how the people are being fed with
verbal husks by this master of polit
ical craft. It is everywhere known
that Mr. Cox Is the creature of five
democratic bosses of the old, wet
school, men devoted to the plum trees
In th nolitical vineyard, namely.
Murphy of New York, Brennan of
Illinois, Moore of Ohio, laggart oi
Indiana, and Nugent of New Jersey.
They nominated him at San Francisco
because he was expected to favor
amendment of the Volstead act so as
to permit the use of light wines and
beer with an alcohol content of 2
per cent.
Note that the governor has never
that the faith of these men in
his wet proclivities is not well
grounded. He always stops short of
any declaration that he will sustain
the Volstead law. His South Dakota
utterance means nothing.
The 18th amendment is as louows,
quoting the vital sections only:
Section 1. After one year from th rat
ification of this article the manuiacture,
sale or transportation of intoxicating liq
uors within, the importation thereof Into,
or the exportation thereof from the United
States and all territory subject to the Jur
isdiction thereof, for beverage purposes is
hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The wnrrM! and the several
states shall have concurrent power to en
force this artic.e by appropriate legisla
tion. The supreme court of the Cnlted
States has declared that congre? has
power to determine by its laws what
intoxicating liquors are. that is. what
content of alcohol in beverases will
make them Intoxicants. The Volstead
act in section 1 of title II uses the
following language:
When used In title 5 and title 3 of Otis
act 1 the word "liquor" or the phrase
"tntoxicatins; liquor" shaJl be construed to
Include alcohol, brandy, whisky, rum. Kin,
beer, a, porter and wine, and in addi
tion thereto any spirituous, vinous, malt
or fermented liquor, liquids and com
pounds, whether medicated, proprietory,
patented or not. ar.d br whatever name
called, con-tainine; one-half of 1 ner c-nt
or more of alcohol by volume which are
fit for ura for beverage purposes.
This is the lansas:e which the wet
interests of the country are seeking
to amend.
Therefore, when Governor Cox de
clares, "I shall oppose any measure
that is in conflict with the constitu
tion, of the United States and the
ISth amendment as interpreted by the
supreme court." he is keepinsr faith
with his sponsors completely, because
both the amendment and the decisions
of the supreme court place upon con
gress the burden of determining the
alcoholic content of beverages. As
president, Mr. Cox miffht favor an
amendment of the Volstead act to
meet th cry of his wet constitu
ancy and still he could not be charged
with favoring any measure in conflict
with the constitution. the ISth
amendment or the decisions of the
supreme court interpreting the air.e.
There Is no referendum upon the
league of nations in this campaign.
solemn or otherwise. IT Oovernor
f-nr wins he will triumph through
the wet vote of the great cities of
tlie pivotal states. The republicans
need have no doubt about the real
issue. The distilling, the brewing and
old saloon organizations know ex-
artlr what thev want, and it is use
less to blind ourselves to the fact
that they too often know how to se
cure what they want.
STEPHEN" A. LOWELL.
HELPFIL MEMORIAL TROPOSKIJ
Baildlns for Ve of Service Men SaK-
aestrd by Contractor.
PORTLAND. Sept. 30. (To the Edi
tr.) There has been a lot of talk
about erecting a monument in mem
ory of our boys wno went i rutins.
Allow me to sucsest to the general
public that instead of erecting some
cold, speechless piece of marble, we
erect something with lire mat woum
be a livtng reminder.
Mv nlan would be to erect a three-
irtorv building on the vacant square
at the Union depot. This biiildinp
would have a basement and the first
floor could be divided into booths or
mall stores for fruits, cisrars. restau
rants, etc., which could be leased or
rented to crippled soldiers, especially
those who have families, living In our
citv. and in order that they micht
not feel that they were cettins; some
thinp for nothir they could be
chareed enoufth rent to defray the
expenses of keeping up such a place
The second story could be used tor a
public library, to contain rooks m in
war, topether with other hooks, and
a curiosity room with relics from the
battlefield: also a hall for a meetinc
place for the hoys. The third story
could be added for a arymnasium,
shower baths, etc., and perhaps part
of It could he partitioned off for sleep
ins rooms for the more unfortunate
The building could he plain, but
strictly up to date and the poddess of
liberty could be erected on one cor
ner, facing the entrance to the depot.
A tower could be built and chimes
placed in same, that they could be
rung on. all holidays to cheer the hoys,
their mothers, sisters and sweethearts
and to remind people of the preat sac
rifice. It seema to me that such a
plan would be more of a livincr wit
ness than a cold piece of marble and
also beneficial in many ways. The
boys could make this their headquar
ters and welcome representatives to
any convention they micrht have.
This is only a brief outline of plans
that might be formulated at a Inter
date. I think this would he a splen
did use to put the vacant lot "to at
the depot. A. J. CLARK.
Washington Hotel, City.
Thrift Incident.
PORTLANn. Sept. i!. (To the Edi
tor.) .1. B Frix oT Richmond. Va.. who
Is organizing the National Teach
ers' Training association, says that a
man walked into a music store to buy
a talking machine. The salesman
said: "Here if one in the Louis XIV
desisrn for J1400. Over there is one
In the Ferdinand and Isabella rleeHirn
for $12.10. and there is one in the
William and Mary deviCn for $inoo."
The customer said: "Please show me
something in the Mutt and Jefr de
sign.", MRS. L. G. K.
Judjte DIsrnsMes t'onfuaion.
Cleveland Press.
Doctor What was the most con
fusing case you ever tried? Judpe A
case of champagne. I hadn't got half
way through It before I wan all mud
died up.
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Mostirne.
A GOOD TIME COMIX G.
American bartenders, out of employment
over here, are finding- Jobs la Ecar.isa puba
and ciubs.
Around the dingy London pub,"
Where topers rolled their blood -
Khnt v,.h,tl.
Or In the dim and dusty club
wnere rounders noistea D ran ay
' V. i o-W-Ka la
They sometimes grot a little tight
Or now and then a trifle jingled.
But always they got home all right
xuey never iook tneir liquors
mingled.
The kick that's In a B and S
Will not affect a Briton any.
Nor will a stoup of gin unless-
He stops too Ions and takes too
many.
The malted liquors that resale
The leisure of the lower classes
To build a tide do not avail.
Up to that is adozen glasses.
But when the Tankee barkeeps come
And teach the countrymen of Kip-
line
That French vermuth and gin and
rum
'When blended, give a zip to
drinking:.
The English who have never yet
Allowed intoxicants to phase 'em
Or knock 'em out, are due to get
A shock that's likely to amaze 'em.
They'll like the Yankee style of booze
That makes a man embrace his
brother.
They'll take the second, nor refuse
To have another and another.
As they take up by degrrees
The Bronx, Manhattan and the
Clover.
The little Island over seas
Will very soon be half seas over.
They're All la Xew York.
Some western Horace Greeley must
have been saying to the bandits and
desperadoes, "Go East Young Man.
Go East."
Jest Unman 3i attire.
An eminent clergyman says that it
is the movies that makes boys and
crlrls bad. But we don't believe that
Captain Kldd or Thoais ever saw a
movie show in their lives.
t
Gettlaa; Warmer and Warmer.
If things keep goinp as they are
the theaters will need their asbestos
curtains to protect the audience from
John Burroughs' Nature
Notes.
Can loo Ananer Tbeae Qoeatlonsf
1. What is the appearance of the
oven-bird ?
". Where may the hare be found?
3. Do many birds perish at sea?
Answers in tomorrow 's nature notes.
Answers to Previous QueHtlonst
1. How does our horned lark act
when it sings?
The larks are ground-birds when
they perch, and sky-birds when they
sijig-. Our horned lark mounts up
ward on quivering winir in the true
lark fashion, and spread out asainst
the sky at an altitude of two or three
hundred feet, hovers and sinsrs. It
sinss in snatches; at each repetition
of its notes it dips forward and down
ward a few feet, and then rises a?aln.
2. What is the most striking fea
ture of the fox?
tine of the most notable features of
the fox is his lrpe and massive tail.
Seen runninc on the snow at a dis
tance, his tail is quite as conspicuous
as his body; and. so far from appear
ing a burden, seems to contribute to
his liphtness and buoyancy. But. pur
sued by the hound on a wet, thawy
day. it often becomes so heavy and
bedcagslfcd as to prove a serious in
convenience, and compels him to take
refuge In his den.
S. Is the apple easily affected by
frost?
How the apple resists the cold!
Holding; out almost as long as the red
cheeks of the boys do. A frost that
destroys the potatoes and other roots
only makes the apple more crisp and
vigorous; it peeps out from the
chance November snows unscathed.
(Rights reserved lv Houghton Mifflin Co.l
Sorrow's Tears.
II y tirare i:. Mall.
I wonder do you ever give.
From out your nature's store.
A force to help another live.
Whose strenpth responds no more?
Have you, close-bendiiiK o'er a head
Low bowed in black despair.
Put all your soul in what you said.
As thougn it were a prayer?
e
There is a nameless vital thrill
That lies within control.
When sympathy enforced by will
Speaks to another soul:
There is no formula for this
It comes through heart desire.
And gives to lightest touch a blibs
That warms with kindly fire.
O, there are little children lone
nchind grim silent walls.
Whose hearts are longinaj for a tone
Of love that never calls;
And there are anguished and dis
tressed. Where reassurinsr touch
Would leave an influence unpuesstfd
For kindness means so much.
But, quite overlooked, the aged dream.
And hapless babies cry.
While life flows like a shallow stream
In selfish currents by;
Good forces in the soul decay
Throuffh empty, wasted years.
v hile earth is saddened day by day
With sorrow's hopeless tears.
In Other Days.
Tvteu4y-fie learn Ak.
From The Oregonian, October I, tP3.
New York Baltimore won the
pennant in the National league
championship contest.
W. J. Bryan, .ex-congressman of
Nebraska, spoke on froe silver last
night at the New Park theater.
The Stark street firry was dis
continued last night by order of the
county court.
Major Post. United States engineers,
in charg.. of the jetty construction
work at the ruoufi of the Columbia,
announces that the shipping of rock
will be disi-on t inued October IS, and
work closed down. He believes that
no further work will be necessary.
Fifty Vfr Abo.
F rom The Oreponian of October I. 1S7.
Salem Calloway and Carlisle,
democrats. ;f re seated aH members
of the house, ousting Dunn and
Keliy. republicans, who received a
majority of the voles cast at the
June election.
Mezieres. vi.-i London An armistice
has been concluded with the Prussian
forces around this place, which will
probably continue until October 7.
The locomotive Salem has been put
on the Oregon California railroad,
with Mr. Horinett. engineer. I".l
driving was rcsuitKd yesterday at,
Clinton Point.
The brick work on the new build
ing for the r-uon Steam Navigation
company was started yesterday.