8 TIIE MORNING OREGOXIAX, SATURDAY, 3IARCIT 13, iOW Movmn$8mjmmx Established by henry i- wttock. Published by The Oregonlan Publishing Co., 135 Sixth Street, Portland, Oregon. C "A. MORDE.V. E. B. Pi PER. Manager. Editor. The Oregonlan la a member of the Asso ciated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for publica tion of ait news dlppatchea credited -to it or not otherwl.se credited In this paper and iso the local news published herein. All rights of republication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. feubscriotion Kate Invariably In Advance. . I By Mall.) Daily. Sunday Included, one year $8.00 iJaily. Sunday Included, six months ... 4.25 Daily, Sunday Included, three months.. Daily, Sunday Included, one month ... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year ...... 6.00 Daily, without Sunday, six months .... 3.25 Dallv. without Sutulav. one month ..... -60 Weekly, one year 1-00 Sunday, one year 5.00 (By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday included, one year 9 00 tn tl v. Snnduc included threemonthS.. lAtly. Sunday included, one month .... -75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 7.80 Daily, without Sunday, three months .. 1.15 Daily, without Sunday, one month 65 How o Kemit Send postofflce money order, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin- or currency are at owner's risk. t;ive pOstoffice address In run, including county ana state. Pnhtun-e htM 1 to 16 naees. 1 cent: IS to 3J paK'K. J cents; 34 to 48 paces, 3 c.-nis: 50 to 64 ohkos. 4 cents; 66 to 80 ruses. 5 cents: to fl pages, 6 cent. i'orclKn po&tage, double rates. Kafern Business Office Verree & Conk- lln Brunswick buildlne. New York ; Verree & Conklin. steiter building. Chicago; Ver ree & Conklin. Free Press building. De troit, Mich. San Francisco representative. It. .1. Bldwell. (ships and credit, and its currency Is an almost insuperable obstacle to imports. Britain is doing what it can, but has its hands full, the neu trals of Europe have capital but only a fraction of the amount needed, and it seemso be up to the United States to finance reconstruction and resumption of industry. This should be practicable, for welf established French clianis to reparation should be good collateral for loans. If equal security can be obtained from German manufactur ers to secure loans for purchase of raw material, Germany can be set to work earning money to pay the indemnity, and thus the security given by Frenchmen will be. made good. If industry is set going on both sides, means will be provided to repay the loans, world trade will be set in motion and the market for American products will be revived. KQTjAI, rates on the pacific Equalizing of the ocean freight rate on jute from Calcutta as be tween Portland and other Pacific coast ports both brings to light the secret devices by which commerce has been diverted from Portland and proves the value of the work done by- the Chamber of Commerce in running down rate discrimination and bringing about correction of the evil.. . .Notwithstanding conference agreements to maintain equal rates to all ports on this side of the ocean, there has certainly been a largo In order to make good the deficit, the government must pay about $95, 000,000 for the three years and two months to December 31 1919, and an increase of about $35,000,000 a year from that date. Another democratic false pretense is thus exposed. The postal depart ment was made to show a surplus by cheating the railroads on the one hand and by giving inefficient ser vice to the public on the other hand. Economy was practiced at the ex pense of honesty and efficiency. The wrong has gone all through the pos tal service, and the czarlike methods of Mr. Burleson have not succeeded in suppressing the protests which it has provoked. A MYTH. A few days ago a single'tax propa pandist asserted in a public address amount 0f discrimination and rate that 90 per cent of the land values in I cutting in favor of certain ports. In Oregon were in the hands of 3 per I the absence of any tribunal with cent ftf the people. authority ' to maintain parity where It is a tricky statement. It is conditions are equal, the only pos- tricky in one sense in that, while sible corrective is to watcn tor in there are no statistics available equalities and to call upon Portland which will prove its truth or falsity, I lines to meet lower rates prevailin it is uttered with all the degree of to other ports. When a Portland finality and certainty that ordinarily I importer does business through an- accompanies a provable statement other port, it is prima facie evidence It is tricky in another sense be- of lower rates, for it is not to be cause if there were a grand, free supposed that a Portland man would distribution of all the land among discriminate against his own town those who would use it, the per- if rates were equal. centage of land holders to total pop- Much is being done by the Cham ulation would still appear ridicu- ber of Commerce in calling, upon lously small to one who gave it but importers to bring their goods here passing thought. land, when high rates stand in th For example: According to the last I way, in calling on steamship com census more than 25 per cent of the panies to meet any rate that is made population of Oregon consisted of I to any other port. Steamship com children under the age of 15 years, panies agree to meet any lower rate Now some children are land owners of which proof is furnished, but through inheritance, but the propor- information to that effect must be tion is comparatively small. In the conveyed to the shipper in the orien main this 25 per cent of the popula-I in order to produce the proper effect, tion cannot be expected under any In that connection the services of conceivably equitable land use and I Mr. Buckley, agent of the port of ownership to be land holders. 1 Portland, who has started on a tou More than 29 per cent of the pop-I of oriental ports, will prove highly illation consisted of unmarried per sons over the age of 15 years. The greater proportion of these by far were not over 24 years of age. Land valuable There is room here for systematic work in connection with steamship rates similar to that which the Traf- hunger does not usually come to the fic and Transportation association unmarried young person and is not! does in regard to railroad rates. By usually overpowering among older constant vigilance it discovers injus single persons. There are some tices to which Portland is subject single persons who live lonely lives and by pressure in the right quarter on the land and some other single it secures their removal. It has persons own land which they let to scored in a number of cases, most others. But in the main, desire for notably in attracting shipments of possession of land is an incident of phosphate to Portland, thereby se ttle marital condition. This is apart I curing tonnage for many other ex- from ownership of stock in the many I ports. All our commercial organi- corporations in which land holdings zations are learning that eternal are incidental. We are speaking par-I vigilance is the price of commerce ticularly of land ownership combined with direct use by the owner. More than 5 per cent of the popu lation widowed or divorced. Of the married remarnder.the title in fee to land distributed among them would ordinarily rest in one or the other spouse. Probably a virtually ideal land distribution would in the rec ords show less than 20 per cent of the population as land holders. In that situation each family would be occupying its own Lome, farm or other than farm. What is the situation? The last census report supplies the only avail able figures. Of the more than 47,- 000 farm homes in Oregon in 1910 more than 83 per cent were owned by the operators of them as distin guished from farms operated by hired managers or by tenants, " Of the more than 107,000 homes not farm homes 50 per cent were owned by those who occupied them. To gether the home owners numbered more than 13 per cent of the population. As heretofore stated the maximum possible number that could be ex pected to own land which they personally put to use would be less than 20 per cent of the population But the latter figures can be but theoretical in a state containing large cities. Universal home ownership by families would close most of the boarding houses, apartment houses, family hotels, and flat buildings in the cities. There live many families that could afford to own homes but prefer not to. But the most striking effrontery in the statement is the implication that some one has gone to the stu pendous expenditure of time and money required to determine the land holdings of 3 per cent of the people. Three per cent of the people in 1910 was more than 20,000 persons. The task would require a search through the tax rolls' of every county in Oregon, identification of duplicated names, the issuance of 20,000 questionnaires to determine corpdration stock holdings holdings in railroad companies, gas com panies, electric light companies, mill ing companies, timber companies, manufacturing companies, canneries, banks, townsite companies, corpora tions that own office structures, and all the others that utilize land pri marily or secondarily to their busi ness. This investigation of course has never been made. The statement is a pure invention. as well as of liberty. bvkleson's sennxs VANISHES. Nemesis in the shape of the In terstate Commerce commission has struck Postmaster-General Burleson, carried away his boasted surplus and left a big deficit in its place. This is the anti-climax of Mr. Burleson's ef fort to save money at the expense of the railroads by substituting car- space for weight as the basis of pay ment for carrying the mails. In every anual report he has gloated over the profit he earned for the people by gouging railroads, rural carriers, city carriers, by underpay ing railway mail clerks and by both underpaying and overworking postal clerks in the cities. . The net result of his sweatshop methods is that he must ask congress to make good a deficit of about $95,000,000 for the period ending December 31, 1919, and another of about $35,000,000 for the current year on account of de ficiencies in sums paid to the rail roads. Payment by space instead of weight was Mr. Burleson's great discovery. No matter if an additional car had to be hauled for mail occupying only a small fraction of it, under that system he would pay only for the space occupied. His scheme was put up to a democratic congress, of which the house clung to the old practice of cinching the "grasping corporations" and was ready to make its adoption and rates under it man datory. The senate resisted and forced a compromise. The post master-general was authorized to test his plan cm some railroads, and the Interstate Commerce commission was instructed to decide whether it could be worked equitably and to fix rates of payment, which should date back to the beginning of the test, No vember 1, 1916. Mr. Burleson was not content with a test on a few roads; he extended it to practically all first-class roads in the hope of squeezing a few dollars out of them to build up his surplus. He juggled the authorized units of car space so that the space paid for was reduced in the course of a run. although the railroad had A haul the whole car the full distance and could make no other use of the space vacated by the mail. He imposed on the railroads much terminal and transfer work without extra compen sation. In 'order to save space he stopped distributing by railway mail clerks en route, dumped mail at some connecting point or at destination antl thus delayed delivery in order to MONEY MIST START THE WHEELS, save a few dollars. In making his Much light is shed on the cause of estimates to congress, he took as a delay in reconstruction in Europe by basis the railway mail payments as John H. Lambert in an article'in the limited by these tricks, hence his an- Now York Evening Post. As a mem- nual surplus. ber of the American foreign sales The Interstate Commerce commis- commission which was .to dispose of sion sweeps away the entire Burle- material left in France, he inquired son fabric. It does not condemn the into the possibility of selling it to space system, but holds that the es- some of the wrecked industries in the war zone. He found that "the work of restoration on the large fac tories and mills at Lens, Arras and Feronne has not yet begun." The reason was that the owners were looking to the government to pay their losses, which the government could not do till it received repara tion payment from Germany. In ex pectation of these payments the French government del-V' levying new taxes to make' its imxme bal ance expenditures. Thus reconstruc tion and resumption of industry, upon which also increased trade with the United States depends, await what Germany will do. Germany is devoid of raw material. sential factor is an adequate basic rate. It raises the basic rate for a 60-foot car from 21 to 27 cents a mile down to a December 31, 1917, with an increase of 25 per cent from that date. It grants short line roads 20 per cent additional-and lines less, than 50 miles long 50 per cent ad ditional. It forbids any more jug gling with space units, orders pay ment for terminal and transfer work and requires monthly payment to the railroads. The commission shows to what ex tent the railroads have been gouged to build up Burleson's surplus. Be tween 1907 and 1918 postal revenue nearly doubled, but railway mail payments increased only 13 per cent. AN EXPERIMENT IN GOOD WILU Not all of us will agree .with kFranklin K. Lane in his statement, made in connection with a call to governors and influential national organizations to send delegates to a community conference at Washing ton this month, that "community life, as we knew it in the early days of democracy, seems never to have been ts thin and capricious as it is now,", yet there are signs that the dormant neighborly spirit needs awakening. A more optimistic view is that which Mr. Lane also ex presses, that no one, even in these times, entirely lacks personal friends, the family still remains the normal social unit, and the country and na tion still command a passionate alle giance, which we hardly suspected before the war revealed it to us. The fact would seem to be that only the outward forms have-changed. The spirit of the peopls probably remains the same. We are as gregarious as ever, but we sometimes lack oppor tunities for expression. The apart ment house life of the cities calls for organization differing from that of the old-time village. .The rjroiect of a "Neighbors' dav.'i now being fostered by various com munity organizations, has the merit that it seeks to educate people in the art of adapting .themselves to new conditions. "It is not," as Mr. Lane says, "because we are less social than of old, but because there are so few channels left in our complex society through which we can bring the neighborly sid of our instincts into play." The will remains; only the organization is lacking. It is difficult to imagine a bitter class struggle between neighbors who truly know one another which makes the community movement an important part of the programme for Americanization. Our difficulties are increased, but are not made insuper able, by the polyglot nature of our population. "The problem of making a homogeneous nation is bound up, not in the work of welfare societies that hold themselves aloof from the individuals they are designed to benefit, but of organizations of which all can be a part Our neighbors who are self-respecting do not want to be told what to do, but rather to. be called into the councils that are planning what ought to be done. June 14, which it is prbposed 'to celebrate as "Neighbors' day," is also Flag day, which gives emphasis to the Americanization purpose of com munity organization. Neither mani festation of neighborly spirit nor reverence for the flag, however, is for the day alone. Those who be lieve that community organization is the best possible antidote for class division are bidden to remember that it is a continuous duty to maintain it not one to be undertaken in a burst of enthusiasm and laid aside mmediately afterward. port millions and could export meat to the Pacific coast. But coyotes have traveled northward on the trail of the prospectors, feeding on dead pack animals, and. raid the herds in bands oX hundreds. Caribou and mountain sheep are seen in bands of a thousand. Alaska is well popu lated with everything but people. A move was made to develop the coal land by passage of a leasing law six ;years ago, but under such re strictions that few have availed themselves of it. The government is building a railroad through the coal field, but the mines produce little more than enough coal to operate its trains. The new oil and coal leasing law is more liberal and may bring a change for the better, but investors will find more attractive fields nearer home. Several years ago Franklin K. Lane, then secretary of the interior, proposed consolidation of all author ity over Alaska in the hands of a commission with power to govern subject to the interior department, but nothing has been done, and the manner in - which the northern country is managed is the perfect flower of bureaucracy. Those Who Come and Go. NO LONGER A HAPPY FAMILY. When 'President Wilson went to Paris, he claimed authority to speak for the American people and to bind them to any bargain that he made, and the allies took him at his word. He insisted on immediate formation of the league of nations and on in corporating the covenant in the Ger man treaty. Relying on him to se cure ratification, the allies consented to his league in exchange for his consent to some provisions of the treaty at which he balked. In re liance on the league, they abandoned claims to certain guaranties of se curity from German aggression and they conceded points to his idealism. In consequence of the American peacemaker's inability to "deliver the goods," that is to secure ratifi cation of his treaty, this is the happy family to which Europe is reduced, as .described by Frank H. Simonds in the New York Tribune: Britain and her colonies have dlsaereedt Britain and France are at loggerheads; so are Britain and Italy. France and Italy have almost come to blows; France and Koumania are mutually resentful. Our insistence upon Serb claims in the Banat has compelled Britain and France to break their word to Roumania; it has led to a Serbo-Roumanian feud. With no real power to resist and without any assurance of aid from us, the Jugo-Slavs a.re holding out against the demands of, Italy, which has been supported until " recently by France and Britain. We have refused Greece her aspirations in Thrace and about Korltza; our ultimate decision in Asia Minor, where settlements have also been outlined without regard to us. may pre cipitate another Fiume crisis. Or the president may reject the proposal to leave the Turk in Constantinople. - Opposition to the president's plan to combine the covenant with the peace terms began in January, soon after the peace conference met. . It came to a head in the round robin signed by thirty-seven senator: enough to prevent ratification on March 3. This unmistakable evi dence that the president was not the' unembarrassed spokesman" of the American people might have been expected to make the allies careful about concessions to him on the as sumption that his bargain would be ratified. But they, or at least their people, were kept in the dark, -as the following from Dr. E. J. Dillon's book, "The Inside, Story of the Peace Conference," shows: It was characteristic of the censor ship system tiiat two American citizens were employed to - read the cablegrams arriving from the United States to French newspapers. The object was the sup pression of such messages as tended to throw doubt on the useful belief that the people of the great American republic were solid behind their president, ready to approve his decisions and acts, and that his cherished covenant, sure of rati fication, would serve as a safe guarantee to all the states which the application of his various principles might leave strategi cally exposed. In Mr. Wilson's conduct at the peace conference there was lack of that openness on which he has often laid stress, and it is shown that something more than high ideals and good intentions are needed to qualify a man as- the world's peacemaker. The secretary of state of Nebraska rules that separate ballots and boxes must be provided for the sexes in the primary election next month, and upon his devoted head will be emp tied the vials of wrath of those who ( contend one sex is as good as the other. Another advance in railroad freight rates is declared inevitable. We are astonished that Attorney- General Palmer, in his well-known role of reducer of the high cost of living, does not come out and predict that they will decrease, instead. The city is about to destroy the complicated "efficiency" records for which experts of a New York bureau were paid $4000 to install. The real efficiency seems to have been shown by the experts in collecting their bill. Dr. Esther Pohl Lovejoy an nounces herself as a candidate for the democratic nomination for con gress. Presume she wants to have her hand on the pulse of national affairs. A TRICMPII OF BUREAUCRACY. Alaska remains Uncle Sam's neg lected stepchild. Its white popula tion has been at times suddenly swollen by mining booms, but has as suddenly shrunk when they subsided. Its Indian population is only about half as large as when Russia handed over the territoEy and was dimin ished by the death of entire villages during the influenza epidemic. The only parts of its population which are on the increase are government agents and inspectors of various kinds, reindeer, coyotes and wild game. Fish are on the decrease ow ing to the improvidence of the can ners and to the government failure to build hatcheries. Not for lack of government does Alaska count only about 20,000 whites and 23,000 Indians as its population, for it has a larger per capita share of government than any other territory of the United States No less than five departments and fifteen bureaus, to say nothing of a titular government, have a hand in the affairs of the territory, but all except the governor are 4000 to 7000 miles away and there is such overlap ping of authority that the time they devote to Alaska is chiefly occupied n trying to decide who should act, and in the end little is done. Gover- or Riggs has a huge house at Sitka which costs his entire salary of $6000 to maintain, and he has so small an allowance for travel that, if he had any authority, he could do little gov erning. The energies of the distant bu reaucrats at Washington are not ex pended in governing, but in conserv ing Alaska, and as conservers they are-a brilliant success. Not until the gold excitement of twenty-odd years ago did many men want any of it, and their activities were mostly con fined to the south-eastern strip, the coast and the valleys of the Yukon and its main tributaries. As its area ia, variously estimated at 540,000 to 600,000 square miles, they could take all they wanted without perceptible effect. But soon after the Nome boom Gifford Pinchot and his co terie became so nervously alarmed lest somebody ' should steal it that they persuaded congress to surround it with a barbed wire fence of con servation laws. Any man who under took to develop a part of it laid him- elf open to suspicion of being a landgrabber and a thief. No man must cut timber, develop waterpower or take up a"fiomestead without a mass of formality and without wait ing months or years for final action at Washington. If he succeeded, he was under the eye of an inspector. Even the great brown, bear of the Alaska peninsula was conserved for the pleasure of big game hunters, and a grave controversy has arisen between the bureaus and the gover nor as to whether the law applies to the common, harmless brown bear. Alaska abounds in coal, but im ports coal r it abounds in oil, but im ports that too; it abounds 'in pulp wood, enough to make good the paper shortage in the United States, but it imports that too. Its reindeer herds have increased from 1280 in 1892, when they were introduced, to I Creation of the port of Salem 160,000, and the country would sup-'means a good river by and by. Trainloads of honey are raised in Malheur county, and particularly in the vicinity of Nyssa. where W. L. Gibson comes from. Mr. Gibson, who is at the Imperial, says that the asso ciation sold 60. carloads of honey last year and there is one outfit at Nyssa which now has five carloads waiting for the market, which is already high, as honey-buyers will attest. One bee man sold $20,000 worth of honey last year. Mr. Gibson has about 160 colo nies of bees, and when the honey fluid is flowing freely, a colony will produce anywhere from 150 to 200 pounde and even 225 pounds, but the latter is exceptional. However, It will be seen from this that there is big money in the honey business. Honey is high, explains Mr. Gibson, because of the shortage of susrar. and people are buying more honey than formerly. Honey is a more natural rood than sugar, anyway, for honey is "predigested." During the war the allied governments bought Immense quantities of honey in America for the soldiers in the hospitals, which caused prices to. rise in the United States, pnd now the high retail cost is due to the sugar scarcity. Bees can take 100 pounds of sugar and produce 200 pounds at honey, which is why the government gave bee men sugar during the war. For the purpose of promoting his scheme for a divided session of the legislature, Walter M. Pierce arrived in town yesterday and is at the Im perial. Mr. Pierce wants one section of the legislative session devoted to the introduction, reading and amend ing of bills, after which all hands will go "home and think over the measures. Then the second section of the session will assemble and pass or reject the bills which have been, presumably, under consideration in the interim. Mr. Pierce is of the opinion that not a change would be made in any of the measures at the second section of the session, and that the measures should be consid ered and voted on in the condition which they were left before the long recess. The idea is to have the bifur cated session submitted as a measure on the November election ballot. It is supposed to be a cure for hastily or unconsidered legislation. "People should expect an increase in taxes, declares A. c Dixon, mem ber of the board of regents of the University of Oregon at the Hotel Portland. "The proposed millage tax ror tne educational institutions is an absolute necessity, if the university. college and normal school are to take care of their respective students. Everything else has gone up except taxes and the first noticeable in crease came this year, so why should not taxes also climb? I am interested in several enterprises that are heavy taxpayers and the statements this year were decidedly Higher than a year ago, but we must have things and If we have them they must bo paid for out of taxes, so why complain that taxes are going up when there s no commodity that hasn't doubled or trebled?" Speaking of Nyssa, it is one of the best alfalfa sections in Oregon. Not many years ago it was sand and sage brush and not worth a whoop, but now this land, with water on it selling at $400 an acre. An alfalfa farmer of the Nyssa district is C. A. Marshall, registered at the Imperial. There is very active land movement in the alfalfa region and farms are being sold at prices which a few years ago were unheard of. There are a large number of Hollanders settling near Nyssa and they are shutting their, eyes and paying the highest prices asked for the land and they are getting the best land. These Hol land colonists are making a better showing with their places than the native Americans according to re ports, due, probably, to the early training they received in the land of the dikes and the windmills. Very good work was done by the police bureau in landing the latest burglars and it can be supplemented in a great way by sending a few second-hand men to prison. The Poles are- to re-equip their armies with - American army uni forms. But they can't get the Amer ican soldier's snap and dash that way. To look at R. J. Carsner one would not suspect hini being the largest in dividual stockman in Wheeler county, because he is very quiet, unassuming and unostentatious. Mr. Carsner, whose whose home is at Spray, Or., will probably make a stab at going to the legislature in the 1921 session. Last winter he fed $16,000 worth of hay to about 800 head of cattle and re marked while in Portland that ."he might just as well have burned his hay." It was Mr. Carsner who cir culated the first petition for the building of the John Day highway and he put up the first $100 toward that project, so he can be classified a pioneer apostle of good roads in Wheeler county. "Don't know what Hood River will do for hotel accommodations next summer," gloomed C. F. Ravlin, at the Benson. "The two hotels are now filled all the time. The cost of ma terials is too high for anyone to want to build another hotel now." The hotel and restaurant business at Hood River is expected to develop into a big. permanent money-making prop osition when the Columbia highway is paved to the apple town, and the paving will be finished before the Shrine convention. Although A. F. Cook is in the lum ber business at Tenino, Wash., he still retains membership in the Shrine at Detroit, Mich. Testerday, when he registered at the Perkins, he showed Clerk Fanner a notice that the De troit Shrine plans erecting a temple which will cost $4,000,000. "The De-. ECQSOMY IS WRONGLY DIRECTED Uaunl Advice Is Save on Neces sities, When Luxuries Are Bane. PORTLAND, March 12. (To the Editor.) A great deal of agitation has been going on lately as to how to curtail expenses, and these doctors on business therapy, but I believe they are merely arying to be heard, as some of the advice, coming from men who know better is entirely un sound and unbusinesslike. Primarily, why should any person who has the price to buy the neces sities of life go without them? As a good critic spoke of it, no doubt as soon as the spring season starts bank ers and government officials will jump into the limelight by urging neoole to wear their old clothes. It may be a good Idea, but why is it necessary to pick on clothing, shoes, etc., which are necessities and second in importance to food? Is it not the inherent right of every American to be well dressed, and if living costs are high why should a man be coun seled against buying necessities or mat wnicn ne is aoie to ootatn.- vny don't these prophets, impracticable counselors and inexperienced fortune tellers, amongst whom are a good number of the non-producing class, say something about expensive auto mobiles, luxuriously furnished apart ments, grand pianos, diamonds. Jewel ry, cabarets, theaters, fancy candies, etc? It seems to me that a man who wants to cut his cost of living should start on one of these, which are en tirely non-essential. The clothing business Is a com modity that is governed entirely by the law of supply and demand and if people would stop dreaming and do more work, striving to create an In creased production not only for the hour but a little to be- left over for tomorrow, this in Itself would regu late the price of all commodities and bring the pendulum of prices swaying as it should. It was said many years ago that it is not the high cost of living but the cost of high living. You can no more change over night a people who have been intoxicated with luxury, cheap money and fancied demands than you can wean a sick child who has been overfed on candy to take his medicine and to strict obedience the moment the fever has subsided. Awaken and quit breeding discontent into the masses. Let us cease dreaming and create more work for the worker. Let us all become a factor In the great scheme of pro duction. There is nothing gained In scattering the salt of hatred. En courage the people to have patriotism and personal pride, to earn more, to live decent, to dress as good Judg ment dictates. The wearing apparel business regu lates itself because it is handled by practical, trained, mill men, manu facturers and business men who have fortunes upon fortunes invested In the business and always look out for the welfare of their patrons, but when a class of men advocate unrest by merely criticising and offering noth ing constructive it is high time to call a halt. Let common sense pre vail. Work, earn, spend on neces sities and save on luxuries, and the problem is solved. BEN G. ROSENSTEIN. WHY HARD WHEAT FLO I It IS VSED Price Differential Offset by Larger Quantity of Bread Produced. ALBANY. Or.. March 11. (To the Editor.) I notice that we "fool worn en" are again coming in for our 6hare of rebuke for refusing to use the cheaper soft wheat flours, preferring to buy the more expensive hard wheat product. The inference is that we do not care to use the cheaper article because we like to pay the higher price. I am one of those who use tne nara wheat, but my reasons and doubtless those of others who do the same are decidedly on the side of economy. In the local markets we can at the present time buy soft wheat or "val ley" flour for $2.60 per 50-lb. sack; hard wheat flour, of a numDer or good brands Is $3.10 per sack. Quite a saving if one uses the cheaper, isn't it? However, let us see. My family is large. We have seven children from 5 to 20 years of age. all at home. A sack of hard wheat flour lasts us 14 days, and the re sults in baking are uniformly good. Because of its low gluten content ore of the soft wheat flour is re quired to a given amount of liquid nd it requires careful and prompt attention to produce anything ap- Droaching good bread. For cakes and pastry it is unexcelled, but owing to the high price of shortening, eggs and sugar, we have eliminated such things from our bill of fare in favor of less expensive desserts. Used exactly as the hard wheat flour, a sack of the "soft" flour lasts us but ten days usually. Never more than eleven. Figure it fbr yourself. I shall continue to use hard wheat flour till the soft variety is cheaper. MRS. O. L. HOADLEY. C. I'M BO COBB IS NOT CANDIDATE Plunkvllle Citizen Erects Latest Type of Political Lightning Hod, PLUNKVILLE, March 12. (To the Editor.) Under the pressing calls and overpowering insistence of the many citizens of high standing in the city of Plunkvllle, Btate of No- good, I feel Impelled to make tne fol lowing statement: I am a citizen of the city of Plunk vllle in good standing, a lineal de cendant of Noah, the builder of the ark of safety. I am not a candi date for any office and earnestly in troit Shrine wants to bring its patrol sist that my name be not submitted at the primary lor any ontee wnat soever. Yet I recognize the duty of every citizen to respond to the call of his country. I may state for the benefit of the voters, that I am not in alignment with either of the great parties, but am a whole-hearted, independent pro gressive ready to flop to the highest bidder. The Hon. Mr. East has volunteered to act as my sponsor, and will see that rrty name is properly overlooked. GUMBO COBB. DRIVE FOIl POPILATIO.M WISE Oreiron Should Have Exelnslve Serv ices of Mr. Hlley, Says Writer. PORTLAND. March 12 (To the Edi tor.) Before me are three able re sumes anent present world finance: Mr. Mills' address to the Rotary club, the leading editorial in The Oreno nian Thursday and the financial bul letin of 8. W. Strauss & Co. of New York. They are comprehensive and luminous and urge increased produc tion, personal economy and public re trenchment that the transition period of deflation and stabilization may be passed without serious setback. All agree that a "long period of true prosperity" will ensue. Extravagance and high taxes will defer, perhaps imperil, the good times which we so much desire. International finances will be care fully handled by our ablest financiers. We can and must be economical. In dustrious and thrifty. There is a further remedy which I am prompted to suggest: If we can double our proposition by Immigra tion and our assessable property by development and transfer from the outside, our tax rate could be halved if the desired revenue remained the same. This, however, can hardly bo expected, but by such process it can be greatly diminished, which would be a great drawing magnet. Conditions in Oregon for invoking such methods are pre-eminent. Our vast fertile territory, varied resources awaiting development, small population- and great possibilities invite home builders, developers and manu facturers from states east of the Rockies. No other state can offer such meritorious considerations and genuine inducements. Our sister state of Washington has about twice our population with 25.000 square miln less area and a much larger propor tion of her forests felled. Rational and progressive methods of publicity and promotion must be used. The itinerary of Frank H. Riley points the way. His efforts are diffused. His addresses and lit erature are in behalf of British Co lumbia, Washington and Oregon. A campaign somowhat amplified and distinctively for Oregon would work wonders. The expense would nut be great. The next legislature should act promptly and liberally. Organi zations and citizens should back the members. We should also show our willing ness and determination to foster en terprises of various kinds which I will not stop to enumerate. In 1898, when the country wan emerging from the disastrous col lapse of 18:t. I visited Cleveland. Cl aud was informed that the rapid growth of that city was but slightly retarded. A large programme of Im provement, shipbuilding and other enterprises had been Inaugurated. The forward movement had gained such momentum that the panic had but small effect. A courageous optimism, bold but prudent action and well-considered plans will render Oregon immune from the critical period and the mccca for the enterprising and the promoters of prosperity. J. D. LEE. More Truth Than Poetry. Br Janes J. 1--nlssne. tiie wav the' ho it 1' wall tki:i:t. "Got any wolk?" the kid Inquired, And the brol.cr quoth. m,(h lie. "I have. Indeed; yru are hereby hired To carry my bonds for n e. Just hurry this million-dollar p.i. k To the banker's across tbe way, Get your receipt and come promptly back. There II be lots more work today." "Can yer gimme a Job?" observed the crook. Paid the broker, "Why. sure I etui, For, In spite of your slinking, sln(t) look, I perceive you're an honest man. Here is a bundle ot gill-oilKa Mock, Whoso value you plainly sec. Take it j Blllionby'a, down the block. And tell 'em It came from mo." The boy went south on the three- fifteen, With the bonds In a leather a, rip, Snd the crook and the stock he nut been seen Since they left for in ocean trip. 'Alark-a-day," the broker s.shed. "This leaves nin quite notipliit-srd: Thoso fellows runt My Justified My beautiful, childlike trust." Na Prophets. If Some of the cx-rnl.lnrt minl-I'M had been forward-loos Ins men they never would have permitted honors to be thrust upon them. Tint Quite I aaalmona. Everybody hut Bryan will admit that Wilson's taste In eeorclsrlcs of state has vastly Improved sinia his first lniiuguistl.nl. TIs Ills Nature To. Man cannot escape d"ath or liton. but he slways tiles his datndr.-l to dodge both. (Copyright, 1920, hv the Inc.) Hell Syndhais. Mothers of Men. II y I. race 1- Hall. lit!' EFFECT OX CHILDREN AD EHSE Tardiness and Less Alertness Caused by Daylight Having- Plan. PORTLAND, March 12. (To the Edi tor.) Apropos The Oregonlan's edi torial regarding the daylight saving plan: In all the discussion last year I failed to notice any mention made of a group which I believe is vitally af fected by the plan, I. e., the children. As 1 have three at home and G00 at school I often judge Innovations In terms of the child. Parents know how reluctant chil dren are to go to bed at a proper hour In the pleasant days of summer, and last year that reluctance was In creased because of the earlier hour, Frequently after quietness reigned In our sleeping porch, the voices of chil dren would come from the outside calling ours to come out and play. Several evenings I noted that It was after 9 o'clock and the child calling was below school age. Often the va cant lot opposite was filled with play ing children long after bed time. At school there were more strag glers than formerly, sleepy looking little fellows hurrying In before the tardy gong which of course rang an hour earlier than by sun time. In the classroom my observation led me to believe that there was less mental alertness due I believe to lack of suf ficient sleep. I do not believe the American peo ple are ready to purchase an hour's pleasure at the expense of the child A. J. rKIUKAL-V is mere somewhere, friend, a gray-haired mother. Walling days and weeks for Just a word from you? Will you honor claims of almost every olli.'-, . While she wat hes, uncomplainingly and tr te? She'll exrurr you for neglect ah, mores the pity! She'll foruivo the meanest art, and make no moan. But somewhere, somehow, som rtnr. when she'r cone the lonely way. will winn you'd sent that old home. You litis to Vou re still a boy to her. Ihoiish years have vsnhlird. You have chntittel. hut she s the ;ime in mind and heart. Tenderness your heart perhaps has nearly bmlfhrd. Stnre you've met the world jind foiiaht your bitter pnrt; But when other loves lme failed, tl.ere'll still he Niltnu. Like a mist of incense sweet front heaven's own blue. Mother's s.trred tis, while sorily the Is riijins Through the d.irknrss loves forgive ness to yoj. In Other Deys. Slogan for Republicans; ASHLAND, Or.. March 11 (To the Editor.) Since President Wilson has chosen to stand pat on article ten and thus make the treaty a campaign issue, I suggest that the republicans adopt this Jogan, "He kept us out of peace." O. M.. FROST. 1'wenly-rive irsra o. From The Orrconlnn of Marrh I. I1!."' The Hallos. Msny persons hrts have purchased shares In a flying machine designed by the Parrot I brothers of Ooldcndale. Wash., who rail their firm the I'arrott Aerial Navigation company. The fine new steamer ll.illev Cut- zert, belonging to the t 'olittnlita Itlver & l'Utfet Sound Navlgntlun eompiiny. was put Into pervico between Port land and Allot la on Jlunila). The county court has prartlrally re fused to assume churge of the bridges and ferries across the Wltlimirttc. In accordance with the recent legisla tive act. Edward McDonald. H well known youth of Oregon City, committed sui cide by shooting In Kelly's Eluo t loon last evening. The startling rumor prevailed In Portland yesterday that President Cleveland was accidentally shot lul hunting. Building of Harvest (tiieetu. RAINIER, Or., March !. (To the Editor.) Will you please tell ton throurrh your paper where and when the "Harvest Queen" w as built 7 MRS. WILLIAM KEEP. The steamer Harvest Queen built in this city in 19n. Nearly half as many more are leaving than are coming into this country, said to be due to prohibi tion. The country is gainer. ' The bundle of old papers on the front porch : this morning means a sort of membership in the Red Cross and everybody is welcome. Robbery of the Aurora bank was a simple-minded, amateurish affair and perhaps the officials are doing best to treat it as such. There is about ten inches' defici ency in rainfall and much of It must be made up. An Oregon dry both ways would be an anomaly. A thief who can steal a robe from a car in front of the police station is better qualified for -high finance than simple larceny. Announcement of new trains up the valley means there is business for them and that spring is hare. and a band," says Mr. Cook, "but they want assurances first that they will find accommodations in Portland during the convention Fred Krusow no relation to Robin son Is registered at the Hotel Ore gon while on a business trip to Port land. He registers from Grass Val ley and is a former judge of Sherman county. When in office he was an advocate of good roads and built some, although the good roads idea was not as popular then as it is today. Ves. Kelsey. brother of Sheriff Kel sey of Fossil, is in town for a few days from Seattle, his present head quarters. He was once located in Lane county and shifted over to Wheeler, where he engaged in the sheep industry for a while, and then he moved to Puget sound. Every so often John Tait has to leave Astoria and run up to Portland to see how the Rose City is getting along since he sold out his laundry Interests here and went into the washing business at the mouth of the Columbia. Mr. Tait is at the Mult nomah, r Crabtree, Or., is an old settlement in Linn county, on the east side branch of the Southern Pacific. It is the place from which L. A. Miller registers .at the Imperial. Unless the new census makes a different show ing, the population is about two score. Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston, of Chicago, successor to Dr. John Boyd at the First Presbyterian church, ar rived at the Hotel Portland yesterday from Illinois. r Income Tax Deductions. MADRAS. Or., March 11. (To the Edrtor.) Does a man have to pay an income tax when he Is in debt and owes a much larger amount than his Income and just manages to pay the Interest every year? This is when the income is over $2000 and he owes $3000. J- W. C. The interest you paid in the calen dar year 1919 on indebtedness may be deducted from your Income in com puting the tax,-but you are not per mitted to deduct tbe. principal of your indebtedness. Harriet Wilde, who is on the na tional board of the Young Women's Christian association, is registered at the Multnomah from New York. C. E. Foster, chief of the fire de partment at Astoria, is at the Multnomah. No Mink Farms In Orrgron. DAYTON, Or., March 11. (To the Editor.) Are there any mink fur farms in Oregon or Washington? Please give addresses. A 5SUJS"rtlDE.ri.. Mink Is not raised commercially In Oregon, although a large number of furs are trapped annually. As to Washington, write State Game Com missioner L. H. Darwin in Seattle. Danube Helps Vienna. Indianapolis News. Vienna is popularly misunderstood to be on "the beautiful blue Danube." but that mighty stream, in its long course to the Black sea, really en circles the city some miles from its center. A canal winds through the heart of the city and connects with the Danube below the Prater, Vien- j ca's great playground. In The Sunday Oregonian DIRECT PRIMARY, OREGON'S POLITICAL CHILD, BECOMES MIGHTY FORCE THROUGHOUT NATION. Oregon, the birthplac of many new political ideas, has seen tli primary become a fact in many states in the union. Few know that it was the fertile brain of a resident of Minnoapolig that firt worked out the scheme in all its glory. That citizen, Henry J. Alt.now.m simple but thoughtful man, now lives in Portland, whore he is in charge of the baggage room of m local hotel. The history of the birth and growth of the direct primary idea should bo familiar to every voter in Oregon. Read DeWitt Harry's article telling all about it in tomorrow's big magazine section. POSERS HAVE NO PLACE IN 1920 BATHING SUITS Time has passed wherf bathing costumes are divided, like politicians, into the "wets" and the "drys" They are to be all "wot" this year. Dame Fashion has decreed that all bathing apparel this year must combine the beauty of the one with the usefulness and freedom of movement of the other. A whole page, fully illustrated, tomorrow, that will interest the men equally as much as the w omen readers. THE PROBLEM OF MILWAUKEE-How did it happen that this great middle western city twice returned to a seat in congress Victor L. Berger, a man branded by court and public opinion as actively inimical to his country? Those who witnessed the election and participated in it declare it was a campaign mismanagement on one hand and the vote of the underpaid employes on the other. The whole nation was amazed at the outcome of the voto ami asked itself "Why?" The inside history of this case is the subject for a significant political article in tomorrow's issue. NUMA AND SABERTOOTH And the rest of the jungle family look harmful enough when safely ensconced behind big iron bars at the circus, but out in the heart of Africa it is another story. How some of the finest specimens of wild life now in our toWogical gardens have been captured, roped, brought on elephants' backs, by caravan, train and ship to their present civilized confinement is the basis for one of the best animal stories which The Oregonian has published. In tomorrow's magazine section, with pictures. MORE ABOUT INSECT PESTS Professor A. L. Lovett has an other article about the bugs that Oregon farmers must watch out for; Admiral Sims is in his usual place in the magazine section; Briggs and Darling and Hill are just as good as ever, and all the usual big features are on hand to make tomorrow's issue up to the established high standard. t All the News of All the World 1 THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN