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1 APPEARANCE AND QUALITY OF OREGON APPLES SECRET OF GREAT POPULARITY
I ' , , 1
I New Idea of Clean Fruit, Graded and Neatly Packed, Has Given State's Lucious Crop Entree Everywhere Organized Marketing Agencies and Most Scientific Culture Insure Growers Future of Certain Success
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3x H. H WwUicniMMD, Stmt Hortlcaltarml
- CommlMlolicr for the Hfth District.
ACAREFULt survey of the apple
industry, as well as other fruits
now-grown in the state durlngr
toe past SO years, furnishes some very
interesting facts and aside from this
serves as a guide, if well studied, to
the future orohardist going into fruit
growing as an occupation.
About 20 years ago It may be said
that .Oregon as a state entered the
field to produce apples, pears, peaches,
prunes and berries in a commercial
way to. help feed the outside world
HltiiiiiimiifniiinuiiHitiiiiiiinifi
OREGON'S SWEET CHERRIES HAVE WON FAME
' ' - - " , , .r -"- - i-.. ' n '
Three Thousand Tons Was Total of This Crop Produced and Marketed During Season of 1919 Acreage
Is Beinsr Increased and ProsDecta for Future Growth Are Bright.
UillMI
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By X.. T. Reynolds.
WHILE nearly all varieties of de-
clduous fruits are successfully
grown' In Oregon', the sweet cherry is
particularly a Pacific coast fruit, and
ever&l of the most valuable varieties
were originated in this state.
Though grown in all parts of the
State, the commercial cherry orchards
are principally located in the Wil
lamette valley and in regions about
. The Dalles and Cove, in eastern Ore
gon. ' The oemmerciat orchards are all of
the large sweet cherries, such as are
not grown very extensively outside
the Pacific coast states.
The three varieties most grown are
the Royal Ann, or Napoleon Blgar
reau; the Bing and the Lambert. The
King it a large, firm, black cherry of
line quality, especially valued east of
the Cascades for its splendid shipping
qualities, and is chiefly grown for
marketing in the fresh state.
The Lambert, a beautiful, large,
mahogany-colored cherry, is a great
favorite in the Willamette valley, and
la grown both for shlppLng fresh and
for canning. Both the Bing and the
Lambert were originated In the Wil
lamette valley. They are unusually
large and ftrm, standing shipment to
an; part of Hie United States. Their,
large size, beautiful color and unsur
passed flavor make them in demand
-whenever they are in the market.
The canned Lambert cherry is con
sidered by many to be the best fla
vored canned cherry, and were the
canneries to advertise this variety
with special labels as is done with
the Royal Ann, a special demand for
this variety might soon be created.
The Royal Ann, a large, light col
ored cherry, is the best known cherry
in the canned cherry trade, and is
more extensively grown for canning
than any other. It Is not a very
- good shipper, as the least bruise soon
hows a discolored spot on account of
tts light color. .
There are large canneries located
In Portland. Salem and Eugene, with
mailer canneries In a number or
-.1 . Ka I ..II
hee the cherry pack ia one of their
V'iocipal products, and many carloads
v , ,
J
Waiting to be Pickr-ei
in competition with other rruit-grow-ing
states that had fceen producing
for nearly 100 yean.'
How. well Oregon has forged, to the
front may be easily learned by ask
Ing non-residents of the state or resi
dents of foreign countries who have
used and handled Oregon fruit what
they think of it. The reply is always
the' same: There is none better and
very little quite so good.
What we think of bur fruit at home
stimulates us to keep trying to reach
a still higher mark in quality, and
what the outside world thinks of our
of this- delicious canned fruit is
shipped from the state ' each year.
The Royal Ann is . also- barreled in
large quantity for ' Maraschino pur
poses. . These cherries are packed in
barrels while fresh, covered with a
brine and shipped to factories, where
they are manufactured into various
confections. .
Commercial Orchards Large.
While the acreage "in cherry-trees
does not compare with that In prunes
or apples, yet there are a number of
large commercial orchards and nu
merous smaller plantations. When
the season is favorable the owners of
dooryard trees also reap quite a har
vest, and many city bouse owners may
be seen harvesting their cherry crop
from two or three trees and taking it
to the cannery, and a few large cherry
trees on a city lot have sometimes
almost paid the "tent on the plac for
the year. ' .
The crop the past season was light,
yet there was produced and marketed
3000 tons. -Of this amount 1000, tons
were either canned or barreled in the
plants at Salem, the Salem Fruit
union, the Hunft Bros.' cannery and the
Oregon Packing company, each pack
ing about ?B0 tons of the fresh cher
ries. .
During the past few years a large
number of trees have been planted
1 OREGON PEARS CHOICE QUALITY I
1 1 .,- 1 " - -r - 5
Good Soil and Climatic Conditions Make State Ideal for Culture ,ofi
i - This Fruit. I
By A. C. AUan.
"DEAR-GROWING in Oregon is
XT rapidly developing and with the
Impetus given the Industry this sea
son by the good markets pear grow
ers will look to the future with
optimism.
That Oregon does produce pears of
exceptional quality is an acknowl
edged fact and certain sections of the
state raise a quality of pear which is
unexcelled anywhere in the world.
Some people imagine -that a pear is
a pear no matter where it ia grown.
.T" - v V
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fruit brings the demand and highest
prices obtained by any fruit-growing
section of the entire world.
It is Indeed marvelous when we
t-hintr r.t ,v, iv,.,j. -
think or the thousands of cars of
, . . .
fruit -raised and shipped from the
state annually that a very small por-
tion .of it reaches even the small
cities and practically none at all
reaches the small towns, owing to the
fact that the larger cities are willing
to pay the very highest price for the
Best article, tnereoy drawing bo um-
lly on the Oregon product that prac-
tlcally the entire production Is con-
and ,the crop will normally continue
to increase in quantity for several
years. After reaching ten- years of
age the trees increase in their bear-',
ing' capacity very rapidly, and the
possible cherry crop of the state' five
years from now should be multiplied
many times over the present bearing
capacity of the trees.
Though more difficult to grow than
some other varieties of fruit trees
during the earlier years, after reach
ing ten years of age the cherry la
not more subject to disease than other,
fruit trees. - Owners having cherry
orchards in suitable locations have
usually found them very profitable,
and the grower with a small orchard
finds an added advantage in that the
harvest comes much earlier in the
season than his other fruits,- bringing
In an early cash' return, as well as
extending his period of harvest.
The canning price for Royal Anns
for many years remained at about 5
cents per pound, but during the past
two seasons me gruwer nas receiveu
from 8 to 10 cents per pound, and
If yields were good the crop ' has
proven very profitable. Soil and loca
tion have much to do with the suc
cess of a cherry plantation, and the
intending planter should consult with
practical groweis" before starting a
vountf cherry orchard.
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but it is only necessary to compare
a Bartlett, Cornice,, Boso or any other
pear raised in these few favored dis
tricts of. Oregon, with one of the
same variety raised elsewhere and
the difference.-is plainly marked. Not
only does the fruit keep better, but
its distinctive flavor delicious, melt
ing and fragrant brand It as
supreme.
To raise good pears -it Is not only
necessary to have good soil, but the
climatic conditions, soil make-up and
natural conditions must be Just right.
After this, careful selection of stock
and varieties, careful and scientific
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 1,
.. .. , , . :.
turned exclusively in the larger cities.
'The definition to the great success',
attained may be easily written in two
words, "Appearance" and "Quality."
' The pioneers in this business de
serve great credit for the system and
thoroughness brought about in their
early organizations for a systematic
growing of fruits rather than'a helter-skelter,
go-as-you-please syatem
which other states had permitted.
It can be said without successful
contradiction that Hood River set the
pace for the world in berries and ap
ples, Willamette valley In prunes and
the Rogue river country in pears.
New ideas, clean fruit, graded fruit,
neat packages and many other things
not thought of before Oregon entered
the field have been brought about
through the tireless efforts of our
pioneer orchardists, and the same tire-
les8 efforts are going on today even
in a more scientific way, as we now
w i. j ,,
have more and better data to work
from
The state has benefited more
through the ' famous Hood River
strawberries, Oregon box apples and
Oregon prunes traveling, around the
H,nite State? and European .countries
advertlslnK otherwise, as It Is a well- '
known fact that what suits the taste
ts rarely forgotten,
In the early efforts of- horticulture'
cultural methods and proper harvest
ing and packing must be followed in
order to produce the perfect article
Good pears are raised in several
sections of the state, but outside of a
few raised in the Willamette valley
and Hood River district there are few
commercial, pear orchards outside of
southern Oregon. It Is this latter
section which Is, today, the pre
eminent pear-raising district of the
state.
The pear acreage in the United
States Is gradually decreasing. But
few sections In the east are now pro
ducing commercially and those that
are, are either dwindling or barely
holding their own against the ravages
of disease.
California has produced enormous
crops of Bartletts for the canneries.
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PAID-I CAPITAL STOCK OF
OREGON
BANKS.
1910..$15.12,025
1911.. 17.118,350
1912.. 17.780,300
1913.. lg.620,860
1914.. 19,553,630
1915.418.985,250
1916.. 19,040,150
1917.. 19,285.150
1918.. 19.244,500
1919.. 20.K8.76O
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but it now looks as though the future
great pear canning center will be
southern Oregon. This can be readily
seen when one-understands the con
ditions confronting California grow
ers. Heretofore the canneries started
the season with peaches and canned
that variety of fruit as long as they
could get the proper kinds. When
the peaches were gone, which was
about the time of the Bartlett season,
they turned their attention to pears.
Now. howover, they have Succeeded in
developing new varieties of canning
peaches which ripen in rotation so as
to give the canneries a steady run of
the fruit throughout the whole sea
. eon.
As the peaches may be canned much
easier, cheaper and with more profit
than pears the canneries are turning
their attention more and more to
them. The result Is that many grow
ers are now going into the raising
of peaches Instead of pears and the
acreage of the latter will undoubted
ly" grow less. '
But canned pears are a necessity
and, therefore, the canneries will look
to Oregon for the pears. Besides. It
is admitted -that the Oregon Bartlett
makes a better canning pear than
the California product.
With proper organization among
the growers and the right kind of
packing, advertising and selling, it
won't be long before the public will
be demanding Oregon pears ia pref
erence to all others.
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TtiCt. J Affflir tUt
the entire citizenship, it seems, ab
sorbed the right spirit and encour
aged the business, by providing pub
lic money for a state horticultural
society, a state horticultural board,
aa well as to provide money for car
rying on a complete horticultural de
partment in our agricultural college,
where the business Is taught and
studied from every scientific side
known up to the present time.
There is no college, in the United
States or the world that -is giving
more assistance in this direction than
our State Agricultural college.
Bulletins on any phase of the sub
ject may be had for the asking; let
ters on any subject are promptly and
intelltrently answered, special short
courses are given free each year;
demonstrators are sent out from time
to time and traveling schools are part
of the work they are carrying on.
The biennial crop and pest report
is one of the most complete of its
kind ever gotten out by any institu
tion, making as It does' every person
carefully studying same complete
master of the peBt situation when
instructions are carefully carried out.
All of these things Oregon has done
to assist and bring about this first
place world recognition as a fruit
growing state, and while the past 20
years have brought us forward in
leaps and bounds, it must be remem
bered that if our development was
1000 times greater than at present
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MODEST LITTLE CRANBERRY IS OREGON PRODUCT 1
Industry Is One of State's Fast-Growing Features and Future of Great Expansion Is Predicted Present
I Yield Is Below Consumption and More Acreage Is- Need.
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By William E. Schlmpff. .
THERE is no fruit which better
demonstrates the wbnderful small
fruit possibilities of the Pacific north
west than does the modest little cran
berry. The -best-known cranberry section
of the entire world is the Cape Cod
region in Massachusetts. With an av
erage yield of 30 barrels per acre
for this well-known district, the cran-
i berry indust -y is regarded as one of
. . , ....
. the staple Industries of that state,
In contrast to this we have yields on
the Pacific coast which more often
treble than double eastern yields.
A yield of 100 barrels per acre in our
Cranberry district is the rule rather
than the exception.
While small bogs had been yleldin'g
good revenues to their owners, it was
not until about 1911 that a real awak
ening came to this new industry. At
that'time. H. M. Williams, an old-time
Cape Cod cranberry grower, visited
the district and recognizing the won
derful possibilities of the Industry,
undertook the setting out of a tract of
400 acres of wild marsh land on the
Ilwaco penins'.la. The district at
the mouth of the Columbia river ia
probably the greatest frost-free zone
in the United States. Killing frosts
cHiring the growing season are prac
tically unknown. And it is this fact
In particular which is the one great
contributing cause for the wonderful
a.v.era5 records wblch re made ,n
"loacreag. ,p.t out 0 , cran-
?,Verr"VVro
approximately 00 acres. This Is but
a small proportion of the enthe acre-
age of the United States, which is
very nearly 25.000 acres. The prln-
clpal cranberry-prcduclng states be-
Ing, in order of production Massa-
The Pacific
fourth ra
is reason
district will displace Wisconsin from
third place.
The industry has faced all the prob
lems atterdant on the launching of a
new fruit industry. Fortunately for
it aa an industry, it had the expe-
coast district taking the cranberry land in Clatsop county, of KOod weather will see it comnleted. aid for the nermanent lmi.rnv.n.nt e
nk. Within a few years it Cullaby lake is two miles In length Preliminary work on the section be- the Gales creek road and is sanguine
able to expect to see this and about one-half mile in its widest tween Forest Grove and Mi-Minnviiln nt mccf with ih. v,i?
1920.
PC
we would not have reached the max
imum possibilities of production in
fruits.
Not unlike most other business,
fruitgrowing has its up and down
periods seemingly about every 20
years, the first half of these periods
taking on a great boom, the second
half great declines.
Future Is Bright.
We are just entering, apparently, a
new 20-year lease on one of those
periods ft-hlch looks bright for all,
and It Is to be hoped that our devel
opment will go on In a sane and safe
way rather than be carrTed on with
a boom, as was the case 10 to 20 years
ago. '
During the past 20 years there was
only one year where there was a real
cause for depression In the markets
on account of overproduction the
year 1915. But the tremendous set
ting of very large tracts by large
corporations carried on in the north
west created suspicion that we were
to be continually doomed to an over
production. It seems that buyers,
dealers, as well as consumers, had
completely lost their better judg
ment and had forgotten that Mr.
Stark, one of the late day pioneer
nurserymen, had often said that only
10 per cent of all fruits planted ever
became a commercial quantity.
Twelve years ago a representative
of one of the large railroads called on
the writer for Inside Information as
1 - .
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rlence of other fruit Industries in the
northwest to profit by and as a re
sult the growers promptly associated
themselves Into a marketing associa
tion through which practically all of
the cranberries grown in this district
re distributed and sold. Henry S.
Gane, a Washington cranberry
grower, has acted as sales manager
for the other growers, and through
his efficient management good prices
were obtained by all for their berries.
During, the last three years the Pa-
clflc Cranberry exchange has been the
, , . . .i t. ui.l D..lri. . .
medium through which Pacific coast
cranberries have reached the various
markets. This exchange ia composed
of asEocIations of Washington and
Oregon growers, end Gane as its sales
raanaaer has, therefore, acted for
practically all of the growers of these
two states.
Greater Devlopment Needed.
The need of the Industry at this
time Is greater development. There
It.on:
is much land at the mouth of th
lumbla sultablo for bog construction. I
Oregon in particular has been lagging
in tne development or tms one or us
hf- nntnt1tal t-Aftrtt) vreM f ir la In
best potential resources. There Is In
Clatsop county at this time as much
available land as the total acreage
on the entire Pacific ooast In cran
berries. This land lies for the most
part directly on the main line of the
S.. P. & S. Shipping facilities are.
therefore. of the very best. Good sand
is readily procurable, with which to
give the properly constructed bog its
coatlrg and at a mir.lmum cost. Wat-
fi-. too. may be had In sufficient quan-
" by cranberry
neceVsitV!" HeW onthi".8 cstTtT.
regarded more In the nature or an
Insurance that is to be used if
deemed necessary. Cullaby lake is the
argest fresh water body of its kind
in the county. This lake la directly
tributary to the cranberry section of
. v -.
' . , , ,
w.utn w uuuu aim irngsn xneir doks,
should-they deem it necessary.
In Clatsop county has lately been
erected one of tho moat modern craa-
j , ... v. p orest urovfii ana out a lew weeKS tion at vernonia. it wnrumff ...,.-
nunttimniiiiWTinipimtmtimmimrwironmuiminnnmini;
to the probable output of the orchard3
covering a period annually from 1914
to the year 1U20 in his locality.
This was with a view to increas
ing; the carrying refrigerator capac
ity service to meet the seemingly in
creased demands.
He willingly showed his figures,
which were about closed up and which
showed the total number of acres,
each acre to bear a certain amount,
the total of which was for Idaho, Ore
gon and Washington, to be 220.000
carloads for the year 1320. while as a
matter of fact if the three states
raise 25.000 carloads In 1920 it will
be a bumper crop. It was such es
timates as made by this representa
tive that excited the entire country
and caused depressions each year at
market time.
During the past five years there
has been neglect and slaughter of
orchards in the United States, until
we are lower in acreage per capita
than any time for 75 years.
Twice in the history of the United
States we have produced about
85.000.000 barrels, or 255,000,000 boxes.
Prior to the European war our ex
port business was 11.000,000 barrels
greater in apples than the entire
crop in the United States this year.
Prior to the year 1910 that portiort
of the United States lying between
the Rocky mountains and the Alle
gheny mountains produced about 50
per cent of what they consumed. The
same territory during the past five
years have produced only about 15
per cent of their consumption of ap
ples, with a still lower decline to
follow.
All the commercial orchards along
the Kansas side of the Missouri river
have disappeared, Nebraska has lost
her commercial orchards, likewise
Iowa. Missouri, with her once-famous
Ben Davis orchards down In the
Ozarks, ceases to be even a remote
quantity for her own consumption.
Box Apple Beet.
Naturally we ask. Why all this?
It has been brought about by the
northwestern box apple fighting its
way, year after year, into their most
valuable markets, taking the cream
of the markets, causing the home
product to go begging.
The farmers of those states, as well
as Illinois. Indiana and Ohio, have
grown tired of taking their apples to
town in sacks or in bulk to receive
offers of from 25 to 75 cents per
bushel, while at the same time they
see the western box apple perched
high up in the show windows, tagged
and selling at $4 per box.
Under such conditions is it to be
wondered at that state after state
has given up hope and gone out of
the business until Xew York and the
Virginias are all that is left of the
real commercial districts between the
Rocky mountains and the Atlantic.
To accomplish so much in so short
a time it has taken effort with a very
fine system behind it, yet we have
not reached the limit that will be
reached, and the writer fully believes
that 10 or 20 years hence the Oregon
berry warehouses in the United States.
The building Is of hollow tile con
struction. It is fire proof, frost proof
and vermin proof. A. D. Gendron,
architect, of Astoria, superintended
the construction of this modern and
up-to-date fruit warehouse.
The total crop for the season of
1918 handled by the Pacific Cranberry
exchange was 30.000 boxes of one
third barrel, yielding the growers of
this district more than $100,000. Fig
ures for the present season are in-
.,t,
1
At the present time the production
of cranberries here does not take care
of the normal consumption of the
coast. Much eastern fruit is sent in to
coust markets.
The advantage of the Pacific coast
grower over his brother cranberry
growers In the east can be readily
seen when It Is realized that th
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! FOREST GROVE
f
Modern Structures Rep lacing Those
County Prepares
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A
T FOREST GROVE progress is
area swept by fire during the sum-
mer nd ''ready several buildings are
well under way and ground has been
cleared for others.
Washington county will have much
to offer the tourist who visits the
JE. 88Lb
V":2!? "0t8
chanfred conditions in this respect in
1920 however. for the la8t llnk in the
paved 8tate highway between Port-
,and and Hillsboro was completed in
October and work Is being rushed on
the section between Hillsboro and
ia wen Kovanceu ana n is expeciea
i " " v i i . una ' i
ana a loop trip oy way or tne Yamhill
county seat and Newberg will be pos-
-Bible.
Completion of the pavins to Forest
3D
apple will be looked upniv as the
greatest fruit producer of the modem
age. crown In a climate where rain
and sunshine meets, especially creat
ed for that purpose.
The pioneer stage of the game Is
now past, we are face to face with
figures, facts and results, which tell
us we are headed in the right direc
tion and the man now having an or
chard of any value who neglects or
pulls it out will see his mistake by
watching the man that holds on and
does his work systematically.
Not all of Oregon lands are good
fruit lands, but each county in the
state without exception have great
acreages of valuable fruit lands, a
great acreage of which Is still In
timber or lands that have been logged
off and Is ready for clearing. Some
tracts are large, but thousands are
small just the right Else tracts to
make good farms, with 5. 10 or 30
acres of orchard with enough lands
to diversify In other lines until the
orchard may bear in a paying way.
It is the small orchard we want,
rather than the large ones, as Indi
vidual ownership Injures attention,
and production, while most large
oe APPi.re onniARn with
3.SOO Al'Hfc.S, SOO.OOU TRUES.
At Dufur, 17 miles south of
The Dalles, is located the larg
est apple orchard In the world,
the plant and acreage of the
Dirfur Orchard Co-Owners com
pany. There are at the present
time 3800 acres under cultiva
tion, with 200.000 trees already
planted. The longest rows of
trees on the orchard extend for
a p p f o x Imately ten miles in a '
straight line. Two hundred
carloads of choice apples, com
prising 6.400,000 pounds, were
shipped to practically every
t-tate of the Union last year.
tracts are set and financed by boom
ers who have no knowledge of real
orchard lands and care nothing more
than getting the unsuspecting pur
chaser's money and leaving him up .
against a probable hard game as
quick as he can.
There Is not another state today
offering the inducements to prospec
tive settlers who desire to get into
horticultural work as Oregon.
Climatic conaltions insure success,
systematic organization insures pro
tection to the business, scientific
knowledge and research Insures good
advice to be had for the asking, and
complete market organizations in
sure fair deals in markets, while
quality insures the highest market
price.
The state contains thousands of
acres of both irrigated and non-lrri-
gated lands that will produce the
very finest quality fruits and. best
of all, most of these lands can be
had cheaply.
freight diffarential against the east
ern grower is nearly 3 per barrel.
This being the sum it costs to ship
cranberries from the eastern marshes
to Pacific coast points.
ijii.i.jj mum .viui3 in ais indus
try, -lrue, it will have its problems.
it has them now. Another year or
two will sulve the major portion of
the packing probleirs. and will teach
the associations just what varieties to
place on the markets first. Grading
ill be Improved each year. The
wonderful yield possibilities combined
with the advantage of freight over
eastern competitors must make their
effect and inflJence felt. The grow
ers already have a strong marketing
organization, thereby preventing
dumping of their product. Keeping
quality will be largely solved by the
growing of proper varieties and the
use of warehouses similar to that now
In use by growers in Clatsop county.
wnue it wm never rank in import-
ance to the
ipple Industry, that fact is
not alone due to the demand, but to
the further fact that the number of
acres of availaole cranberry land Is
very limited, and in eastern cranberry
sections has vry nearly reached its
limit of possibility.
IS REBUILDING I
' ' : :
Destroyed by Fire Washington
' "
for Tourists.
Grove will make the inland route to
Seaside more desirable, for the chief
difficulty has been the roads before
that city Is reached. By many this
route is preferred to the lower Co
lumbia highway and it possenes fea-
tures which will aniwii in ih in,,.ut
who has never seen the big timber of
sseTthe
71" Ti. thV-
ber into Columbia county,
The district is a paradise for the
hunter and fisherman and the moun.
tain roads are excellent. A good
roads club organtzed at Timber and
co-operating with a similar organiza-
complete to f orest Urove, the trip is
nui. iai uuumny uimcuit, DUl 8QOUld
the club movement be successful,
those scenic beauties will be brought
within a few hours' pleasant drive
from Portland.
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