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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 9, 1919)
THE 3IORXIXG OREGONIAN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1919. 13 MERCIER BEGINS MORAL FIGHT AGAINST BRUTE FORCE RULE Cardinal's Courageous Stand in Dealing With German Invaders Started Ur.der Regime of Von Der Goltz. Copyright. 1919, by Public Ledger Co. Copyright. Canada, 1819, by Public Ledger Co. International Copyright, 1919, by Public Ledger Co.) INTRODUCTORY COMMENT BT PRO FESSOR FBRKAKD MATENCE. THE extraordinary battle of moral, courage against brute force traceable throughout all the re - lations of the cardinal with the Ger man masters of Belgium began quietly in a time of lull. Some five weeks before Von Bias ing's first letter was dispatched to the cardinal, the little Belgian army had Inundated the tiny strip of terri tory still left Kins Albert and had gloriously succeeded in driving the Germans back across the Yser. The victory had signal strategic value for the allies, hut it did not seriously jeopardize the German sa trapy in Belgium. By far the greater part of the country was cynically treated as a conquered province to be incorporated into the German sys tem. Ultimate absorption In the empire was frankly contemplated. At the worst, the territory was to be used as a pawn. Field Marshal Kolmar von der Goltz as the first governor-general had but a brief tenure of office. In the first days the uncertainty of his position for the decision of the Marne was not yet made moved him to be somewhat careless of promises. The cardinal was quick to scru tinize every pledge and to estimate its value. The time inevitably came when he justly accused the occupying power of repudiation o its own words. Von der Goltz, however, enjoyed a high reputation as a field general. He had fouirht in the Prussian war of 1S6S against Austria: he had served again.st France in 1870. and In 1883 he went to Constantinople to re organize the Turkish army. He did a workmanlike job. as was evidenced when the Ottomans, after IS years of his training, scored an easy tri umph over Greece In the brief war of 1897. Von der Goltz Pasha became the baron's eastern title. On December 3. 1914. the baron was transferred from Brussels to the Russian front. The aged pasha he was 72 head ed for a while the Turkish troops in Mesopotamia, and in the spring of 1916 be dieJ of typhus fever at Otto man headquarters in Asia. He Is not to be confu3fd with his kinsman, the younger General von der Goltz, who recently defied the allies In the Bal tic region. His role In the Merrier drama was prefatory. A chief actor entered with the arrival of Baron von Blssing, old like his predecessor: and destined also to die before the German collapse. His name Is Infamously associated with the fate of Edith Cavell. Physically, he was a spare figure with black hair, turning to gray. He had an aged and leather-like com -r-'exion and was clean-shaven, save for a thick Junker moustache. He had the reputation of being scrupu lously clean. His mouth was stern, hut without the slightest suggestion of subtlety. This fact has acute bearing on every step of his protracted dealings with the fir.e, keen and superbly virile mental make-up i- the arch bishop of Malines. On points of re morseless logic the great prelate worsted the visually Impressive Prus sian repeatedly. Von Blssing's complete surrender of his plan to extract loyalty pledges from the Belgian clergy before sanc tioning the payment of tiieir salaries comes as a climax to the correspond ence incautiously begun on December 28. 1914. The backdown of the German gov ernment at perhaps the peak of its power In Belgium was a significant index of dramatic capitulations still to come. CARDINAL MERCIER'S STORY. Including his correspondence with the German authorities in Belgium during: the war. 1914 to 1W1S. edited by Professor Fernand Mayere of J-nuvpln university and translated by the Bonedictlne monks of St. Augustine's. Ramssate, England. CHAPTER II. The Cardinal Asks Von Biasing's Au thority to Send Helgian I'rieats Into Irimner Camps In (Germany. Archbishop's House, Malines, December 16, 1914. To His Excellency Baron von Bisslng, Covernor-Orcra! of Belgium. Your Excellency The numerous Belgian prisoners of war in Germany, notwithstanding the priestly care which the German clergy may be lav ishing on them, are, on account of their Ignorance of the language, de prived of relijrious succor. A sound organization of the care of doula would require the sending to Germany, for the term of hostilities, of a few Belgian priests conversant with both our national languages. As your excellency is concerned about the religious interests of our people, would you not consent to take steps with the imperial government to obtain for some of our priests authorization to attend to our pris oners? For this I should be extremely obliged to you. Kindly accept, your excellency, the e-xpression of my hlehest esteem. OSigned) D. J. CARDINAL. MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Fdltor'a Note This letter remained with out an answer. Later Von RlMing In fnrnwd the cardinal that the -steps which NAME "BAYER" ON GENUINE ASPIRIN Safely stops colds as told in "Bayer packages" To break up a cold in the head. neck, back, or any part of body be sure you fake only "Bayer Tablets Of Aspirin" with the safety "Bayer Cross" on them. This is the genuine Aspirin, proved safe by millions and prescribed by physicians for over eighteen years. You must say "Bayer" Don't mere ly ask for Aspirin Tablets. Then you can take them without fear, to re lieve your Colds. Headache, Neuralgia, Enache. Toothache, Rheumatism. Sci atica. Lumbago, Neuritis and Pains generally. Handy tin boxes containing 12 tab lets coat only a few cents. Druggists a iso sell larger "Bayer" packages. Aspirin la the trade mark of Bayer he had taken at headquarters to. comply with his eminence's request had not been successful. CHAPTER IH ' Salaries or the Clergy. In order to obtain their salaries, the officials of the Belgian state who remained at their posts under the Ger man occupation had to sign a declara tion Dy which they pledged them- , selves not to undertake or omit any- j thing which could embarrass the German administration In occupied ! Belgian territory. The governor-gen- j eral wanted to subject priests to the same formality. The cardinal fought j against this energetically; he drew attention to the fact that ministers of ; worship in Belgium are not officials i and that their salaries were paid them i by way of compensation. Von Blssing I replied that he did not share in this view, but that he would nevertheless be satisfied with a declaration from the cardinal that the Belgian bishops had no intention of disturbing public order. He would consider this pledge as binding the whole body of the Bel gian clergy. The following are the letters ex changed on this subject between the cardinal and the German administra tion: Brussels. December 28, 1914 The Chief Administrator Attached to the Governor Qeneral of Belgium, Order No. 11a 1057 To His Eminence Cardinal Mercler, Ma lines: I enclose for your eminence's pe rusal a copy of a communication mads to the ministry of Justice. 1 would request your eminence to take all the necessary steps to make the members of the Catholic clergy sign the declarations which are the subject of ths inclosed communication. If your eminence will consent to sign this declaration. I would ask you u send It on to me. and immediately to notify ths offi cial whose duty It Is to pay you your salary. I, likewise would ask you to carry out these same instructions In the case of the higher clergy. The declarations of the other soclsslas tlcs are to be collected and sent to the competent agent of the treasury and to the offlolal In charge of ths payment of salaries. A list of the names of such ecclesiastics as have signed the declaration must be drawn up in the same order as appears on the pay list. This list must be sent to me. Your eminence will also be kind enough to compile and forward me a list of the ecclesiastics whose salaries are not to be paid. Concerning the drawing up of the pay lists, I would ask your eminence to come to an understanding with the provincial presidents of those German civil adminis trations who exercise their functions In your diocese. For the Governor-General. (Signature Illegible.) Enclosed with the above letter wu a communication stating that it would be necessary for the clergy to sign the following formal pledge before they would be allowed to receive their salaries: Not to undertake anything against the German administration In the occupied Belgian territories and to avoid anything that could In any way prejudice its in terests. It was also stated that In view of the relatively small size of ecclesias tical salaries it had been decided to allow the priests to be paid in full, as long as they received no compensa tion from any other source. Ecclesi astics who had resigned or abandoned their posts, or who were unable to fill their posts were to receive no salaries, and those acting contrary to the above pledge would be punished according to the laws of war and de prived of all pay in the future. Letters similar to the one to Cardi nal Mercler were directed to the Cath olic bishops In Belgium, to the presi dents of the synods of the Protestant churches, to the council of adminis tration of the Free Protestant church, to the central committee of the Anglican church, and to the chief rabbi of Brussels. Cardinal Mercler's reply was an ap peal for fairness to the clergy. Archbishop's House, Malines, January 27, 1918. To His Excellency Baron von Bisslng, Governor-General. Brussels: Sir A communication from your administration informs us that the German government of the occupied part of the country offers to arrange for the payment of the clergy's sala- j ries from September 1 or Oetober 1, ' 1914, but on condition that the vari- j ous members of the clergy sign a dec- laratlon by which they pledge them- j selves not to undertake anything and I to refrain from everything which might be prejudicial to the German j administration. Certain considerations which have, I believe, escaped the civil adminis trator's notice will make the Juridical and legal status of the Belgian clergy clear, and -will, I feel sure, receive your excellency's attention. First Ministers of worship are not state functionaries. Second Their salaries are paid them as an indemnity in compensation for confiscated ecclestical property. The members, therefore, of the clergy neither take an oath nor give even a pledge to the Belgian govern ment, but are merely subject, like ordinary citizens, to the general laws of the country. First, I said, your excellency, that ministers of worship in Belgium are not pttbltc functionaries. Our court of appeal has explicitly recognized this in its decree of March 4. 1847. in which It affirms that by virtue of their office ministers of worship have no executive authority, nor do they exercise any. In fact, only those can be regarded as such, says the decree, who either directly or Indirectly are delegated by the law or by the government to exercise any kind of authority; and ministers of religion have certainly no function of this nature. Second. I added that the salaries are paid to ministers on the ground of indemnity. In the terms of article 117 of the Belgian.constltutlon, "sala ries and pensions of ministers of wor ship are charged to the state, the necessary sums to meet these are In cluded in each year's budget." Ancient Privileges of Priests. The discussions preceding the fram ing of this article show that the con gress looked upon salaries and pen sions for the clergy as a compensa tion on the grounds of indemnity for the ancient privileges of which the Catholio church was deprived at the ?me of the confiscation of ecclesias tical property. From the very beginning of our j i.ational independence, nts ntgnness ine rnnce ue wchii, ftiiuuiitiiufi Malines. anxious to guarantee to the Catholic religion that full and entire liberty which alone can se cure for It peace and prosperity, wrote to the national congress as follows: "The state has appropriated ecclesi astical property only with the obliga tion of providing adequately tor the cost of public worship and the main tenance of its ministers: as witness the first article of the French law of November 24, 1789. The Holy Pee on its side only ratified the alienation in the interests of peace, expressly stip ulating that the government should undertake to provide the clergy with a competent salary, as evidenced both by the 13th and 14th articles of the Concordat of 1801, as also by the Bulls referring to these. In order to provide against unjust preferences and on the plea of these salaries, to prevent any agent of the executive power from interfering with the free exercise of public worship t- Bring- I ing to bear any Illegitimate influence Only 14 Shopping Days Until Christmas Early Shopping Is to Your Advantage! Just Received Full Line of river's Perfumes, Face Powders, Toilet Waters, Sachets,. Etc., in all the Wanted Odors Dainty Gifts Double Trading Stamps Today With Charge or Cash Purchases S hop at This Store and Reap the Benefit of This Cash Saving on theMoney You Spend in All Depts. Christmas Candies put up to your special order in fancy Christmas boxes. Also delicious candies by. the pound. See display, 1st Floor. The Standard Store of the Northwest Olds, Wortman & Kin Reliable Merchandise Reliable Methods Join Free . Classes in Knitting and Crochet ing; under personal direc tion of expert from the Fleisher factory. 10 to 5 daily. Art Dept., 2d Fl. The Whole Store Reflects the Spirit of Chri Christmas lii ifpf! stmas Santa Says- "All my little friends in Port land must come and see me be fore Christmas. I have the most wonderful new toys to show them, and theV Can toll m -tlief ts-V,of they would like for Christmas." Santa Claus appears in Toy- lana, on the 4th floor, every day from 10 to 12 and 2 to 5. Let the little ones come in and have a chat with him and see their eyes sparkle with deliirht. Double Stamps with purchases. Headquarters for Games of All Kinds Profit by your experience of former years and don't wait until the assortments are broken. Stocks are now at their best. All the popular games, including American Boys, Checkers, Backgammon Boards, Four Nines, India, U. S. Games, Fish Pond, Er rand Boys. Ouiia Boards. Soldiers on Parade. Parcheesi, Yacht Race, Pretty Tiddeldy Winks, Catch the Kaiser, Village, Star Game, College Boat Baseball, Mother Goose, Bug Pop, Race, Jolly Darkey Target, Doll Shuffle Bug, Robber Kitten, Old House, Cribbage Boards, Lotto, Homestead, Bug House Puzzle, etc. ROCKING HORSES IN A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF STYLES AND SIZES, $4.35 TO $17 SHOO-FLIES AT $2.50 TO $7.50 The Animal Show is ready in the Toy Store. And what a wonderful show it is with its Elephants and Horses and Bears ind Dogs and countless other animals. Special showing of Children's Play Furniture chairs, tables, dressers, chiffoniers, etc. Toyland, 4th Floor.1 Hi Linens Are you looking for a gift that Is sure to please her? Then choose Linen, for we have yet to hear of the woman who does not love beautiful snowy linens. Just now our stocks offer many exceptional bargains in gift linens of the better grades. Madeira Center Pieces Main Floor Beautiful Hand embroidered Madeira Center Pieces in exquisite patterns. A small lot bought underprice to go at $7.50, $7.75, $8.50 Damask by the Yard Main Floor Pure linen Satin Damask of unusuallv irnnd onal- Iity. Several pretty patterns at $.ov, :u ana 9.;o yara. No napkins to match linen. Table Cloths At $1.58 Main Floor Mercerized Cotton Table Cloths with rich satin fin ish. Circular shape. Size 58x58 inches. Shown in as- KQ sorted designs. Sale wltuO Bath Towels and Bath Sets Main Floor Large size Bath Towels with initial, Of Double thread; priced DJLe-itJ Bath Towel Sets $1.50-3.50 Bath Mats $1.25, $2, $8 Cotton Batts 2-lb. Cotton Batts at $1.25 2 -lb. Cotton Batts at $1.50 3-lb. Cotton Batts at $1.75 Wool Batts at Lowest Prices Outing Flannel at 35 yard Women's House Dresses Second Floor Women's House Dresses made in coverall style. V or square neck, large collar or col larless. Of excellent qual ity chambray. (JO fir trimmed vdaJU House Dresses in smart French styles. Of plain chambrays trimmed with fancy plaids. Also checked ginghams. Some trimmed with white PQ PT pique. Priced BO I O Braid Women's House Dresses in regulation style. Fancy striped material, trimmed with white and colored collars. Some have QfT ffi vestee fronts and crush belts. Priced 50eUU Christmas Aprons 50c to $1.95 Second Floor TEA APRONS in. a large as sortment of dainty styles. Lawn and Organ die materials. Round and pointed effects, trimmed with pretty laces and ribbon bows. With or without pockets. Priced 50 to $1.50 MAIDS' APRONS in Princess or band styles. Trimmed with insertions and braids also em broidered designs. Prices range C0 to $1.95 NURSES' UNIFORMS of black soisette and mohair, $2.50 to $5 Maids' Caps 40-75 Women's House Dresses in regulation style with large pockets and wide belts. Fancy stripes and plain colors. Some have convertible col- Q J lar. Priced at O'ietJU li ' vM Model Grocery Fourth Floor Experienced telephone clerks at your service 8 A. M. to 5:45 P. M. Double Stamps with purchases. Tuesday Specials Kingsford's Gloss Starch, 6-pound box special at White Flyer or Lenox Soap, $4.90 case bar at Pearline Washing Pow der regular 30c size only Star N a p t h a Washing Powder 5 packages for 72c 5c 25c 27c Manicure Sets Main Floor Manicure Sets put up in real leather cases. Pearl, Ebony, Imitation Ivory and Horn handles. Large assortment to select from at prices ranging from $2 to $25 Purses , Women's Back-Strap Purses "of. real, Pin Seal leather. Splendid; assortment of the newest styles. Priced from $3.50 to $35.00 Gillette Safety Razors And Other Gifts for Men Main Floor Gillette Safety Ra zors put up in neat cases with 12 blades. Priced $5, $7.50, $8.00 Autostrop Razors $5, $6, $10 Gem Safety Razors at $1.00 Ever-Ready Safety Razors $1 Durham Duplex Razors $1,00 DOUBLE TRADING STAMPS Complete stock of : blades to fit all styles of safety razors. Razor Strops $1, $1.25 to $2 Twinplex Razor Strops $5.00 Shaving Brushes 50 to $2.00 Razors for Women Maxixe $1 Gillette Decolette at $5.00 GIVEN WITH ALL PURCHASES. Christmas Silks A Waist or Dress Pattern tied with holly ribbon and packed in pretty Christmas boxes would make an appropriate and sensible gift for mother, wife or sister. The Silk Store shows :U the most desirable weaves in both plain anil fancy silks. See them. jiiy Gilbert Clocks At $7.50 3d Floor Clocks that are world famous for their time-keeping qualities. Style as (pry Ff shown above. Priced D JU Other Clocks in the best makes large selec tion of beautiful new designs here for your choosing. Moderately priced at $12.50 to $22.50 Double Trading Stamps. Sale for Little Women $9 to $13 iioes $5 Main Floor The woman who wears .-.na'i Azt- shoe will get a real bargain if she attends this sale. About U0 pairs in the lot, therefore early choosing is greatly to your advantage. Laced and buttoned shoes of all black kid, with high or low heels Brown and gray Trid shoes with fabric tops and high heels, tan calf laced with military heels Black kid shoes with dark gray cloth tops, high or low heels Laced Shoes of patent leather with turn soles Black Calf Shoes with field mouse kid tops Grover's Sample Shoes in black and dozens of other styles in the sale. Women's Shoes Formerly '$9 to $13 On Sale Today At $5 SIZES AND QUANTITY 37 2 6 9 57 9 t 3 6 to 6 ioIZ ZAS In fact, the legal government has never exacted from the clergy a dec laration antecedent to any payment of salaries. If the German govern ment were to exact It, it would" Im pose on the clergy a. status inferior to that guaranteed them by the Bel gian constitution. I firmly trust that the governor general will give his fair-minded at tention to the views herewith ex posed and will admit their soundness. I beg your excellency to receive the expression of my greatest esteem. Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. TWO HOMES INCORPORATE LEVI ANDERSON INSTITUTION FILES ARTICLES. Ses ths discussions of ths National Congress by Huytteni. vol 1, p. 520. (TO BE CONTI NT" ED) WHISKY ON SHIP SEIZED Owners of Liquor on Rose City Are Not Discovered, However. Two dozen quarts of bonded whisky, a sight fast becoming an extreme rarity in Oregon since the California source was cut down by national arid ity, were taken from the steamer Rose City by raiders from the office of Sheriff Hurlburt yesterday. No ar rests were made as the ownership of the liquor could not be traced. The ship arrived at 4: JO yesterday morning and at 9:30 a search was made by Deputy Sheriffs Pratt, Chrls tofferson, Kendall, Rexford, Schirmer, and Lamont. The whisky was found in lockers and confiscated. This was the first raid the Rose City had been subjected to In a long while. Sailors told the officers hat whisky was now selling for $10 a case of 12 quarts in San rranrlsco. St. Mary's Also Makes Preparations to Handle Homeless and Abased Children of State. SALEM, Or., Dec 8. (Special.) The Levi Anderson home, organized under the terms of a will left by the late Mrs. Emma H. Anderson, who died in Portland a few months ago, filed articles of incorporation here today. The officers of the corporation are Alexander Christie, president; William A. Daly, vice-president, and James H. Black, secretary and treas urer. It Is the purpose of the cor poration to conduct an Institution where orphan boys may be taught the fundamental branches of Christian and secular education and receive practical experience In the trades. St. Mary's home, an institution in tended to develop the moral. Intellec tual and physical condition of home less, wayward, abandoned, neglected and abused children, also filed articles of incorporation here today. The of ficers are Alexander Christie, presi dent; Joseph Heesacker, vice-president, and James H. Black, secretary and treasurer. Headquarters will be established in Portland. The Douglas Fir Exploitation & Ex port company, organized under the laws of the state of Washington, has received permission to operate in Ore gon. The capital stock of the com pany is $200,000, and it is the purpose of the Incorporators to exploit Doug las fir and other Pacific coast products in both the United States and foreign markets. Plans Also call for the es tablishment of selling agencies abroad, together with the maintenance of exhibits. H. J. Kubl, of Portland, is named attorney in fact for the cor poration. George A Mansfield. George B. Dean, W. B. Lindsay, A. Wylberg and E O. Teague have tnoorporated. the Farm Bureau Co-operative exchange, with headxjuarters at Medford. It is proposed by the corporation to eon duct warehouses. stor s, packing plants and other institutions of bene fit to its members, is placed at $5. Membership fee COUNTIES TO GET $115,405 Money From Sale and Rental of Timber to Be Distributed. SALEM. Or., Dec. 8. (Special.) Oregon counties will receive a total of $115,405.74. representing their share of money received by the federal govern ment from rentals, sales of timber and lTnion. $s683.05; Wallowa, 26.720.75: other sources from the forest reserves within the state, according to the dis tribution of these funds by Sam A. Koter. assistant, secretary of state, here today. Apportionment of the funds follows: Baker. $11,252 53; Clackamas, $2701.13; Deschutes. $1491.69; Douglas, $4684.45; Grant. $24,760.07; Harney, $4010.08; Hood River, $347.71; Jackson. $8658.59; Jefferson. $21167; Klamath, $8594.99: Lake. $5704.05; Malheur, $89.16; Marlon. $287.80; Morrow, $988.45; Multnomah, $27.81 Umatilla, $3280.48; Vasco, $1323.78, and Wheeler. $1367.80. Complete statements showing the acreage of the forest reserves within the several counties as well as t'he amount of the receipts from each have been forwarded to the county treas urers for their information. Sucramento Ordinance Upheld. WASHINGTON".' Dec. 8. Validity of a city ordinance requiring street car companies in Sacramento, Cal.. to sprinkle their tracks was upheld to day by the supreme court. Manufacture of Monoacetlcacidester of! on the needful tha.t the apportionment fealicyllcacid. Adv. I of these subsidies be fixed by law."- Read The Oree-onian classified arts. When MEAT is scarce Fish and many vegetable dishes can be greatly improved in flavor and made enjoyable by the -addition of LEA&PEBB1FJS SAUCE THE ONLY OAJOIMAL WORCCSTERSHIRC It has been the leading table sance for generation. n ! ELECTRIC HEATERS Westinghouse Electric Heaters ' Hotpoint Electric Heaters Majestic Electric Heaters Simplex Electric Heaters All Makes Guaranteed. SAFE PORTABLE ECONOMICAL The heater you need these cool morn ings and evenings for your dressing room, bathroom, office or any room where heat is desired quickly. Fits any light socket. 1 S&VC 1 O33 Electric Heaters Simplex Electric Heaters at $1 less than the regular price. 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