THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1919. '5 PEACE PICT GIVEN AUSTRAS EJWOY Emission to Join Germany Considered Unlikely. VIENNA'S DOOM IS SEALED Commrrrial Imprests of Capital Sure Be Curtailed Under Terms of Treaty. to PARIS Sept. 3. I By the Associated Trees. Chancellor Karl Renner. head of the Austrian peace deleKation. left last night for Vienna with the peace treaty, which wa handed to the Aus trian yesterday. He indicated that he probably would ask for an extension of time, as the Austrian general assembly would meet on Saturday and Sunday to discuss the terms. The supreme council, it is announced, mill extend the time if Austria so re- OUSlft. In their covering letter the allied and associated powers explain the impossi bility of admitting that the people of Austria do not share the responsibility of the government that provoked the war or that they are to escape making reparation to the utmost of their ca pacity. Kle Daya f.lvea fnr Aw. Until the signing of the peace treaty Austria is considered an enemy state. Careful consideration, it is declared, has been given to the counter proposals of the Austrians. and with some modifi cations, which are noted, the text of the treaty as presented today must be con sidered final. Five days are allowed for the Austrian answer. The allied powers have studied the frontiers of the future republic of Aus tria from an historical, geographical, ethnological, economic and political point of view, and with the exception of one point, no modification has been made in regard to frontiers. In defining the boundary of Czecho slovakia, it is pointed out. they have tried to assure this state a complete system of communications and have therefore departed from the historical frontier of the crown of Bohemia to as sure east and west communities of southern Moravia and In the l.mund re gion to give Bohemia a junction of the two large railroad lines, supplying this province. t'leraa to ef Areeas to Sea. With respect to the frontiers between Austria and Hungary, the allied and as sociated powers have desired to guaran tee access to the sea of the Czecho-Slo-vak state, and have therefore provided that I'ressburg should have its access to the sea assured by transit across Hungarian as well as Austrian terri tory. Concessions are granted to Austria in connection with the fierb-Croat-Slovene state, insofar that Kadkersburg is given to the Austrians. also the basin of Marburg. Styria. is attached to the Serb-Croat-Wlovene state, as previously determine d. A most Important chance in the treaty, however, is a provision for na tionalities. All persons possessing the rights of citizenship in indigenous ter ritory which forms part of the terri tory of the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy shall obtain ipso facto to the exclusion of Austria, the nationality of the state exercising sovereignty over ; such territory. Property Rewtored to Osarn. The property of Austrian nationals in territory ceded to the allied powers is In K. r.ilnr.il In lt nwnur fri frnm anv measure of liquidation of transfer j taken since the armistice, and is guar anteed similar freedom from seizure or liquidation In the future. Contracts be tween Austrian nationals and persotis who acquire, under the treaty, an allied . nationality, are maintained without op tion of cancellation. Provisions are made to Insure Austria supplies of coal from Czecho-Slovakia and Poland, in return for supplies of raw materials. The period within which Austria Is obligated to give favored-nation treat ment in Its commercial relations with the allied and associated powers Is re duced by the treaty from five to three ' years. The treaty was presented o the Aus trian delegates by Paul D'ltasta. gen eral secretary of the peace conference. He also handed them the allied reply to the Austrian counter proposals and a covering letter reiterating that Aus tria had precipitated the war by ar. Ultimatum unacceptable to Serbia. Allies Promise AanlMtaace. It was set forth, however, that the allies were willing to assist Austria to adapt herself to her new situation and to admit her in the near future to the league of nations. The treaty was pre sen ted in French. English and Italian The treaty leaves the future of Aus tria very largely In the hands of the league of nations. The league, that is. would be able to decide whether Aus tria shall be permitted to join Germany, and as France is opposed to such union, as are Switzerland and many other countries, there would appear to be little chance of Austria s securing permission to terminate her existence as a separate state, should she so de sire in the future. Vienna Seems Doomed. Under the terms of the treaty, Vienna with Its 2.000.000 inhabitants, seemed doomed to lapse into compara tive commercial insignificance, as there is a population of only 4.000.000 within the country outside the city to sup port the capital, while with Jugo Slavia, Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary existing as separate powers. Vienna can hardly hope to recover the bust ness formerly drawn from their terri tories. If the internationalization of Flume were provided for, as is expected by many quarters, it is pointed out, Austria's shrunken commercial in terests would thereby be protected to some extent, but it is generaly thought that Vienna is doomed as a great capital and must inevitably relapse into a residential city. people of Hungary, near in a peculiar degree responsibility for the calamities which have befallen Europe during: th last five years. The isar was precipitated by an ultimatum presented to erbia by th government at Vienna and requirln acceptance within as hours of a series of demands which amounted to the destruction of the Independence of neighbor sovereign state. The royal government of Serbia accepted within the prescribed time all the demands except those which Involved the vir tual surrender of its independence. War Opeaeel Om Serbia. "Yet the then Austro-Hungarian gov ernment. refusing all offers of a con ference of conciliation on the basis of that reply, immediately opened hos tilities against Serbia, thereby de liberately setting light to a train which led directly to a universal war. "It is now evident that this ultima turn was no more than an insincere excuse for beginning a war for which the late autocratic government a Vienna in close association with the rulers of Germany, had long prepared and for which it considered the time had arrived. The presence of Aus trian guns at the siege of Liege and Xamur is further proof, if proof was required, of the intimate association of the government of Vienna with the government of Berlin in Its plea (plot?) against public law and the liberties of Europe. People Tolerated Militarism. "The Austrian delegation appear to think that responsibility for these acts rested solely on the Hapsburg- dynasty and its satellites and that by reason of the dissolution of that monarchy through the victory of the allies the people of Austria can escape responsi bility for the deeds of the government, m-hich was their own government and which had its home in their capital. "Had the people of Austria In the years preceding endeavored to curb the militarist and domineering spirit by which the government of Hapsburg monarchy was animated; had thej made any effective protest against the war. or refused to assist or support their rulers In prosecuting it, some at tention might now be paid to this plea. But the fact that the war was ac claimed on its outbreak in Vienna, that the people of Austria were Its ardent supporters from start to finish and they did nothing to disassociate them selves from the policy of their govern ment and its allies until they had been defeated In the field, makes It clear, that, according to any canon of justice, they must be held to bear their full measure of responsibility for a crime which has brought such misery on the world. Control. , a further fact Text of Note. The note transmitting the allied reply to the observations of the Austrian delegation on the conditions of peace, addressed to Karl Renner and signed by M. Clemenceau. as president of the council, follows: "Iraft of the covering letter: Tne allied and associated powers have given moot careful consideration to the observations of the Austrian delegation on the draft treaty of peace. The reply of the Austrian delegation objects to the draft treaty on the grounds that in view of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Austria ought not to be treated as an enemy state at all and that in consequence, she ought not to be made in any spe cial way inheritor of responsibilities in regard to reparations to which the Austro-Hungarian monarchy would un doubtedly be liable, did it still exist. Aastrla Held Responsible. "As these observations point to a fundamental misconception of the re sponsibilities of the people of Aus tria, the allied and associated powers feel it necessary to state as briefly as may be the principlea which they consider must be applied to the settle ment of the late war so far as Aus tria la concerned. The people of Aus tria, together with their neighbors, Uie Minority In "There is. however, a further fact to which the allied and associated powers feel bound to point. The Hapsburg system became In its essence a system maintaining the ascendancy of the Ger man and Magyar peoples over a ma jority of the inhabitants of the Austro Hungarian monarchy. This ancient and effete autocracy, with its militarist traditions, was maintained in existence through the vigorous support of the In habitants of Austria and Hungary be cause it gave to them a position of political and economic domination over their fellow subjects. "It was a policy of racial ascendancy and oppression to which the people of Austria gave their steady support, which was one of the deeper causes of the war. It led to those '.rridentist movements along the frontiers of Aus tria and Hungary which kept Europe in a ferment of unrest; it led to the growing dependence of Austria-Hun gary on Germany and consequently to the subordination of the Austro-Hun garian policy to the German plans of domination, and In the end It led to a situation in which the rulers of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy could see no other way of preserving their own power than to set to work deliberately to nestroy tne liberty or small and de pendent nations. People Held to Share Unlit. "In the opinion, therefore, of the allied and associated powers it is im possible to admit the plea of the Aus trian delegation that the people of Austria do not share the responsibility of the government which provoked the war. or tnat they are to escape the duty of making reparation to the ut most of their capacity to those whom they and the government they sus tained have so grievously wronged. The principle upon which the draft treaty is based must therefore stand. "Until the signing of peace the peo ple of Austria are. and will remain, an enemy people; upon its signature they will become a state with whom the allied and associated powers hope and expect to maintain friendly relations. "2. The Austrian delegation have further protested against the, arrange ments under the treaty governing their relations with the new states formed out of the late Austro-Hungarian mon archy. Fruit of Old Poliry. "The allied and associated powers feel bound to point out that the dis abilities from which Austria will suffer ill arise, not from the provisions of the treaty, but mainly from the policy of ascendancy which its people have pursued in the past. Had the policy of Austria-Hungary been one of lib erty and justice to all its peoples, the upper Danube states might have re inained in friendly economic and politi cal unity. As it Was, the policy of ascendancy produced one of the cruel- est tragedies of the late war, when millions of the subject peoples of Austria-Hungary were driven, under the pain of death, to fight against their will in an army which was being used to perpetuate their own service.-as well as to compass the destruction of liberty in Europe. "Many of these peoples protested against the war. and for their pro tests suffered confiscation, imprison ment or death. Many more, who were captured or escaped, joined the armies of the allies and played their part in the war of liberation. But they are now, one and all, determined, and rightly determined, to set themselves up as independent states. They will truse Vienna no more. The policy of ascendancy has borne its inevitable fruit in the face of partition and it is this partition which lies at the root of Austria's troubles today. "Vienna was made the economic and political center of the empire; every thing was artificially concentrated there. Outlying1 districts and rail ways were starved in order that the capital might thrive. The break up of Austria-Hungary, cutting these cen tralized filaments in two can hardly fail to inflict the severest blows upon the state of Austria and its capital. But the dissolution of the monarchy with its consequences, is the direct out come of that fatal policy of domination for which the people of Austria are themselves principally to blame. .o Wis to Add to Hardships. 3. The allied and associated pow ers, however, have no wish to add to the hardships of Austria's position. On the contrary, they are anxious to do all in their power to assist her people to accommodate themselves to their new position and to recover their pros ucrity, provided always that It Is not at the expense of the new states formed out of the late empire. "The break-up of the monarchy has given rise to many different problems in the relations between the new states which, under the treaty, are its heirs. It his been recognized as reasonable that the relations between the citizens of the succeeding states should be reg ulated in certain respects differently from the relations between the citizens of Australia and those of the other al lied and associated powers, and. in view of the observations of the Aus trian delegation, the allied and asso ciated powers, while adhering to the n?ral lines of the treaty, have made considerable modification in Its eco nomic provisions. The property of Austrian nationals in territories ceded to the allied pow- era is to be restored to Its owners free from any measures of liquidation or bans, forbidden since the armistice, and is guaranteed similar freedom from seizure or liquidation in the future. Contracts between Austrian nationals and persons who acquire, under the treaty, an allied nationality are main tained without option of cancellation. "Provision Is made to insure Austria supplies of coal from Czecho-Slovakia and Poland, upon which she is depend ent, in return for reciprocal obligations to ttpply certain raw materials. Out standing questions affecting nationals of Austria, which require settlement between Austria and its inheriting neighbors are to be regulated by sep arate conventions, and these conven tions are to be drawn up by a confer ence to which Austria will be annnt ttd on a footing of equality with the other states concerned. Details of thfse and other conces sions will be found in the annexed re ply. Finally the reparation commission w;h be instructed to carry out the duties confided to it. in a strictly hu manitarian manner. It will have due regard to the vital interests of the community and will permit any mitigations which it may consider required by the food situation i in Austria. 4. As regards the territorial limits established for the republic of Austria. the allied and associated powers are unable to admit any modification in the decisions already communicated. These decisions were arrived at after months of careful examination and observa tions furnished, by the Austrian dele gation have been found to contain no arguments which had not been con sidered by the conference. Historical Frontier Drawn. The allied and associated powers endeavored to determine the boundaries of the states formed out of the late Austrian-Hungarian monarchy in such an equitable way as to bring a lasting peace to central Europe. Thus they have drawn for Czecho-Slovakia the historical frontiers of the crown of Bohemia, and, so far as Austria is con cerned, they have only departed from his frontier in two minor instances where the economic interests of the new state appeared, and still appear, to outweigh the claims of the Austrian republic. 'In the case of Jugo-blavia. the al lied and associated powers have, so far was possible, followed the admitted linguistic boundary. As regards Hun gary, they have included within Aus ria certain German speaking districts itherto included within the Hungarian frontier. 'They believe that the frontiers now rranged are those which will best uarantee the existence of all the peoples concerned, including Austria. without exposing them to anarchy or nternecine competition. 'As regards Tyrol, the allied and as sociated powers have been impressed by the fact that for decades the Italian people have suffered from a menace eliberately directed at their heart by he retention in Austro-Hungarian ands of military outposts commanding the Italian plains. In these circum ances, they have thought it best to accord to Italy the natural frontier of the Alps, which she has long demanded. Small Communities Proteeted. "5. The allied and associated pow ers would further remind the Austrian delegation that the treaty of peace makes special provisions for the pro tection of small communities, such as New Austria. It will no longer be pos sible for powerful empires to threaten, with impunty. the political and eco aomlc life of their lesser" neighbors. "The clauses relating to ports and waterways guarantee to Austria under the international sanction access to the sea by land and water. The labor clauses will help to preserve the rights and raise the standard of life for the working population. The minor treat ies will safeguard the political, reli gious and linguistic rights of the peo- pies' minorities, transterred to new sovereignty under the treaty' of peace. 'The league of nations Is not the only protector of Austria s rights. The league, to wnicn the allied and asso ciated powers hope that Austria will be admitted at an early date, will not only protect the rights of all signato ries to the treaty, but creates a means whereby such adjustments as facts or changing circumstances may prove to be necessary if the peace settlement it self can be peacefully and lawfully made. These features of the settlement proposed should not be forgotten. Modifications Are Final. 6. In conclusion, the allied and sociated powers wish to make It clear that thj modifications which they have now made In the draft treaty are final. They wish further to state that if they have not replied specifically to all the points in the reply of the Austrian del egation, it is not because they have not taken them into careful consideration: nor must the absence of any reply be taken as acqulescense or disapproval of the contentions; nor must the pres ent reply be taken as an authoritative Interpretation of the text of the treaty. "The text of the treaty, which we send you today, following upon that of July 20 last, which had already under gone considerable changes since the original text of June 2, must be ac cepted or rejected in the exact terms in which it is now drafted. Consequently, the allied anad associated powers re quire from the Austrian delegation within a period of five days, counting from the date of the present communi cation, a declaration informing them that they are prepared to sign this treaty as it now stands. So soon as this declaration reaches the allied and asso ciated powers, arrangements will be made for the immediate signature of peace at St. Germain-en-Laye." "In default of such declaration within the period above stipulated, the armi stice concluded on November 3, 1918, shall be considered as having termi nated, and the allied and associated powers will take such steps as they may judge necessary to impose their conditions." "A name to remember" HOVENDEN When you want a "High Grade Piano" at a reason able price. t r am IVERS & POND More than four hundred conserva tories and schools and over sixty thousand. American homes use the IVERS & POND PIANOS and at test their superiority. Come in and look over the new models. VICTROLAS AND VICTOR RECORDS Hovenden Piano Co. 146 PARK STREET Between Alder and Morrison PLUMBERS' WAGES RISE SCALE NOW EFFECTIVE LIFT FROM $8 TO $9 A DAY. Employers Aver They Had No Notice or Proposed Change and That it Works Hardship. The master plumbers of this city last week received notice that the plumb ers union has increased its scale from $8 to $9 a day. The new wage scale went into effect Tuesday and master plumbers, according to their version of thj affair, were not given an oppor tunity to meet with the unions and dis cuss the proposed wage aavance. The plumbers' union under date of August 26 notified the master plumbers that the union had adopted its new wage scale to become effective Septem ber 2. The letter from the union, un der the signature of Phillip R. Pollock, business agent, reads: "This communication is to notify your firm that the wages for plumbers will be $9 per day, same to take effect September 2, 1919. "Old work contracted for previously will be completed at ?8. providing the list of same is furnished this office before August 31, 1919, with approxi mate number of days left to finish same. "The system of rebating for said work will be that of previous rebating; the shop steward will inform you of same." Several of the master plumbers say that they will be forced out of busi ness if they are compelled to pay the new scale, and one employer has already announced he will do only what plumbing work he himself can handle and will refuse to employ journeymen plumbers under the new scale. -Your Daily Bread and Ours This is a story of square dealing and what it led to: From May 12, 1918, to October 1, 1918, the wholesale price of bread in Portland was fixed by the Food Controller at 9 cents a loaf. WHILE THE 9-CENT PRICE WAS IN EFFECT THE AVERAGE COST PER BARREL OF FLOUR, AFTER ADDING THE SUBSTITUTES, WAS $11.50. After the substitutes were discontinued the average price of flour was about $10.50 a barrel, or slightly mowe at times. As a result the price on October 1 , 1918, was dropped to 8J2 cents wholesale. Then, in January, the bakers of Portland voluntarily reduced the wholesale price to 8 cents. .Soon after the price of everything increased sharply. On May 1 wages advanced more than 25 per cent; flour swept upward, until today the present average price is $11.50, the same as it was when the wholesale price of bread was 9 cents. Milk advanced 15 per cent, and shortening about 31 per cent. As everyone in business knows, the percentage of overhead costs decline as output increases. During the war period the volume did increase tremendously because housewives could not secure sufficient flour and could not make good bread with the substitutes. THIS INCREASED VOLUME MADE BAKING PROFITA BLE AS A DIRECT RESULT. As soon as flour was again available the home breadmakers discon tinued the use of bakery bread and the output dropped fully 50 pet cent in the majority of cases. Meanwhile material and labor costs advanced sharply. That is why the bakers are losing money. Circumstances beyond their control have forced them into a position where three courses are open: First, to operate as long as they can under heavy losses; second, to cut the quality of their product; third, to equalize their sales price' in a way that will make it possible to continue operations and main tain high standards of production. It is a. problem which each individual baker must solve for himself. These are facts which politicians, the profiteers in popularity and the ill-informed have attempted to keep from the public Along with then the fact that the wholesale price of bread in the east ranges from . 9 to 9J2 cents has not been given to the public. While the bakers in Portland have conscientiously tried to keep prices at the minimum and have proved it by voluntarily reducing their price when they erroneously believed conditions warranted it, they have been grossly attacked and the facts have been suppressed. According to compilations made and approved by Julius Barnes oft the United States grain corporation bakers are entitled to char g a between 9'2 and 9 cents a pound for bread wholesale. Excepting New York and Chicago, where' there are strikes on, the price has been advanced from 8 to 9 cents east of the Mississippi. At Detroit and Rochester, N. Y., the price is 9z cents. It is 9 cents at Boston, Providence, Cleveland and Pittsburg. It is 10 cents at Seattle and Duluth. With the exception of Seattle the cost of materials is generally less) and the cost of labor far below the cost in Portland. Under such circumstances, have Portland bakers had a square deal? Master Bakers' Association" of OREGON rhoose those that they think are best suited for the different lines of work. PRODUCERS PLAN FUTURE Baker Stock Company opens Sun. Adv Owners of Market Stalls Are Given Notice. Circulars were sent out Tuesday to 111) proprietors of stalls in the Yamhill public market apprising them of the plans of the Market Producers associa tion, of which Arthur K. Mickey is sec retary. An adjourned meeting Is to be held Thursday afternoon by the board of control for the purpose of lining up a campaign. Several members have suggested that a plan might be worked out to market produce in larger quantities than are sold on the street, and this will be dis cussed. The letters from Mr. Mickey contain the following statements: Tsuntinl for ft successful plan in Improv ing; the producers' situation are three-fold: It must not be based on self-interest alone: it must not expect to mane too auaaen or r.u- icul change build on what we nave; it muL he based on principles of efficiency, involv ing; some sort of concertea action on me part of producers. Co-operation . Is. to a larire extent, an attltuae 01 mina, n is billty to take a lair-minaea view ol ui. .-i,niu .ttnarh.n The lna 1 vlciua lisi sees 1110 immediate advantage: the true co-operator sees his advantage only as a part of the wel fare of the whole industry or even society in general. Committees will be formed on the several phases of the public market question, such as market facilities, sanitation and prepara tion of food for the market, sellers, publicity and other things suggested that look feasible, but not too many things at once. It will be assumed that all members are willing to work or. committees and the board will CIVIL WAR VETERAN DIES Captain Nevins Ex - Superintendent of Detective Agency. Captain James Nevins, civil war vet eran and for many years superintend ent of the pinkerton detective agency in Portland, Seattle and Spokane, died Tuesday night at the family home, 3019 Fifty-third street southeast, from ail ments incident to advanced age. He was 73 years old. Captain Nevins was a native of New York and enlisted in a regiment of the New Y'ork infantry at the age of 15 years, serving throughout the civil war. Later he moved to Pennsylvania. He came to Portland in 1893 with the Pinkerton agency. Of late years he had been employed at the Meier & Frank store. Captain Nevins is survived by his widow and a daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Rogers, both of this city, and by two grandchildren. Fred and Imogene Rog ers. Funeral arrangements have not been completed. IT'S HERE! And it positively stops Saturday midnight MURTAGH is playing some of the lovin'est music you ever heard on our $50,000 organ 8 HE I a iTnnr urn mwarmSWfrsin'tmmm was one of those men who wouldn't be dared. SHE knew in her heart that, somewhere, sometime, that third kiss was coming to her just as curely as her next birthday. 'And it did! THE THIRD KISS" A QUEER, FUNNY FILM ENTANGLEMENT "THE DENTIST- MACK PE.VNBTT COMEDY. And a Dandy Scenic I SUNDAY NORMA TALMADGE As tm in i ini ii m nf rn r-" " .S--S- "J if - V, it ill ft- r t - i l'l if k aV -Jr i'. r German Prisoners Return. BERLIN, Sept. 3. The first con tingent of German prisoners have ar rived at Cologne and Deutz from the British camp at Calais. The men ap peared to be well fed, and they wore good clothing. MARGUERITE CLARK in A WIDOW BY PROXY 00 era nn ' 1 ! at I3 .11 Second and Last Week for Everybody Over 16 Delighted thousands have collected their laughs on this picture during the week. Yours are still waiting for you, but you'll have to get them today or Friday can't hold 'em any longer! STAR THEATER H rri CD " aiiimiawisui ii. Mil. mi l aCr 1 IT'S A SIN NOT TO SEE DO TODAY AND FRIDAY ONLY ' . rana-m-MI IJfB til I.MI M .1- of Jensen &Vo Coming Saturday Wm. Russell in "This Hero Stuff" &sm ewe Ends Friday Night. LEARN THE TRUTH STAR THEATER Phone Your Want Ads to THE OREGONIAN Main 7070 A 6093