9
LONGEST TREATY EVER DRAWN IS HANDED TO BEATEN FOE
Famous peace document drawn up between 27 allied powers and their associates totals about 80,000 words, represents work of 1000 experts covering 3 Vi months' labor.
THE MORNING OREGONIAX, THURSDAY, 3IAY 8. 1910.
V
i
(Continued From Page 8.)
Mortals have been subjected as a con
sequence of the war Imposed upon
them by the aggression of Germany and
her allies. The total obligation of
Germany to pay. as defined in the cate
gory of damages, is to be determined
and notified to her after a fair hear
ing and not later than May 1. 1921, by
an inter-allied reparation commission.
At the same time a schedule of pay
ments to discharge the obligation with
in 30 years shall be presented. These
payments are subject to postponement
in certain contingencies. Germany ir
revocably recognizes the full authority
of this commission, agrees to supply it
with all the necessary information and
to pass legislation to effectuate its
findings. She further agrees to restore
to the allies cash and certain articles
which can be identified.
As an immediate step toward restor
ation, Germany shall pay within two
years 20,OOO,0CC.OOO marks in either
gold, goods, ships or other specific
forms of payment, with the understand
ing that certain expenses, such as those
of the armie- of occupation and pay
ment for food and raw materials may
be deducted at the discretion of the
Germany further binds herself to re
pay all sums borrowed by Belgium
from her allies as a result of Germany's
violation of the treaty of 1839 up to
November 11. 1918, and for this purpose
will issue at once and hand over to the
reparation commission 5 per cent gold
bonds falling due in 1926.
allies. While the allied and associated
governments recognize that the re
sources of Germany are not adequate,
after taking into account permanent
diminution of such resources which will
result from other treaty claims to
make complete reparation for all such
loss and damage, they require her to
make compensation for all damages
caused to civilians under seven main
categories:
(A) Damages by personal Injury to
civilians caused by acts of war, directly
or indirectly; (B) Damage caused to
civilians by acts of cruelty ordered by
the enemy and to civilians in the oc
cupied territory; (C) Damages caused
by maltreatment of prisoners; (D)
Damages to the allied peoples repre
sented by pensions and separation al
lowances, capitalized at the signature
of this treaty; (E) Damages to prop
erty other than naval or military ma
terial. (F) Damages to civilians by
being forced to labor; (G) Damages
in the form of levies on fines imposed
by the enemy.
In periodically estimating Germany's
capacity to pay, the reparation com
mission shall examine the German sys
tern of taxation, first to the end that
the sums for reparation vhich Ger
many is required to pay shall become
a charge upon all her revenues prior to
that for the service or discharge of any
domestic loan, and secondly so as to
satisfy itself that in general the Ger
man scheme of taxation is fully as
heavy proportionately as that cf any
of the powers represented on the com
mission. The measures which the Hied and
associated powers shall have the right
to take in case of voluntary default by
Germany and which Germany agrees
not to regard as acts of war, may in
clude economic and financial prohibi
tions and reprisals and in general such
other measures as the respective gov
ernments may determine to be neces
sary in the i.pcumstances.
The commission shall consist of one
representative each of the United
States, Great Britain, France, Italy and
Belgium and, in certain ccses, of Japan
and Serbia, with all other allied powers
entitled, when their claims are under
consideration, to the right of' presenta
tion without voting power. It shall
permit Germany to give evidence re
garding her capacity to pay and shall
assure her a just opportunity to be
heard. It shall make its headquarters
at Paris; establish its own procedure
and personnel; have general control
of the whole reparation problem, and
become the exclusive agency of the
allies for receiving, holding, selling and
distributing reparation payments. Ma
jority vote shall prevail, except that
unanimity is required on questions in
volving the sovereignty of any of the
allies, the cancellation of all or part of
Germany's obligations, the time and
manner of selling, distributing and ne
gotiating bonds issued by Germany and
postponement between 1921 and 1926 of
annual jayments .... between 1930
and any postponement after 1926 for a
period of aiore than three years, the
application of a different method of
measuring damage than in a similar
former case, and the interpretation of
provisions. Withdrawal .from repre
sentation is permitted on 12 months'
notice. The commission may require
Germany to give from time to time, by
way of guaranty, issues of bonds or
other obligations to cover such claims
as are not otherwise satisfied. In this
connection and on account of the total
amount of claims, bond issues are pres
ently to be required of Germany "in
acknowledgement of its debt as fol
lows: Twenty billion marks gold, payable
not later than May 1, 1921, without in
terest; 40.000,000,000 marks gold, bear
ing 2 V& per cent interest between 1920
and 1926, and thereafter 5 per cent,
with a 1 per cent sinking fund pay
ment beginning in 1926 and an under
taking to deliver 40,000,000,000 marks
gold bonds bearing interest at 5 per
cent, under terms to be fixed by the
commission.
Interest on Germany's debt will be
5 per cent unless otherwise determined
by the commission in the future and
payments that are not made in gold
may "be accepted by the commission in
the form of properties, commodities,
businesses, rights, concessions, etc."
Certificates of beneficial interest, rep
resenting either bonds or goods deliv
ered by Germany may be issued by the 1
commission to the interested power, no
power being entitled, however, to have
its certificates divided into more than
five pieces. As bonds are distributed
and pass from the control of the com
mission, an amount of Germany's debt
equivalent to their par value is to be
considered as liquidated.
Shipping.
The German government recognizes
the right of the allies to the replace
ment, ton for ton and class for class,
of all merchant ships and fishing boats
lost or damaged owing to the war, and
agrees to cede to the allies all Ger
man merchant ships of 1600 tons gross
and upwards; one-half of her ships be
tween 1600 and 1000 tons gross and
one-quarter of her steam trawlers and
other fishing boats. These ships are to
be delivered within two months to the
reparation commission, together with
documents of title evidencing the
transfer of the ships free from incum
brance. "As an additional part of reparation,"
the German government further agrees
to build merchant ships for the ac
count of the allies to the amount of
not exceeding 200,000 tons gross annu
aMy during the next five years. All
sh'ps used for inland navigation taken
by, Germany from the allies are to be
restored within two 'months, the
amount of loss not covered by restitu
tion to be made up by the cession of
the German river fleet up to 20 per
cent thereof.
In order to effect payment by deliv
eries in kind. Germany is required, for
a limited number of years, varying in
the case of each, to deliver coal, coal
tar products, dyestuff and. chemical
drugs in SDecific amounts to the rep
arations commission. The commission
may so modify the conditions of deliv
ery as not to interfere unduly with
Germany's industrial requirements. Th
deliveries of coal are -based largely
upon the principle of making: good
diminutions in the production of the
allied countries resulting from the war.
Devastated Areas.
Germany undertakes to devote her
economic resources directly to the
physical restoration of the invaded
areas. The reparation commission la
authorized to require Germany to re
place the destroyed articles by the de
livery of animals, machinery, etc., ex
isting in Germany and to manufacture
materials required for reconstruction
purposes; all with due consideration
for Germany's essential domestic re
quirements. As reparation for the destruction of
the library of Louvain, Germany is to
hand over manuscripts, early printed
books, prints, etc., to the equivalent of
those destroyed.
In addition to the above Germany is
to hand over to Belgium wings now at
Berlin belonging to the altar piece of
"The Adoration of the Lamb." by Hu
bert and Jan Van Eyck, the center of
which is now in the church of Saint
Davo at Ghent, and the wings now at
Berlin and Munich of the altar piece of
"The Last Supper," by Dirk Bouts, the
center of which belongs to the church
of St. Peter at Louvain.
Coal Germany is to deliver annually
for ten years to France coal equivalent
to the difference between annual pre
war output of Nord and Pas de Calais
mines and annual production during
above ten-year period. Germany fur
ther gives options oyer ten years for
delivery of 7,000,000 tons coal per year
to France in addition to the above of
8,000,000 tons Xo Belgium, and of an
amount rising from 4,500,000 tons in
1919 to 1920, to 8,500,000 tons in 1923
to 1924 to Italy at prices to be fixed as
prescribed in the treaty. Coke may be
taken in place of coal in ratio of three
tons to four. Provision also is made
for delivery to France over three years
of benzol, coal tar and of ammoni
The commission has powers to post
pone or annul the above deliveries if
they interfere unduly with industrial
requirements of Germany.
Dyestuffs and chemical drugs Ger
many accords the option to the com
mission on dyestuffs and chemical drugs
including quinine up to 50 per cent of
total stock in Germany at the time
the treaty comes Into force, and similar
option during each six months to end
of 1924 up to 25 per cent of previous
six months' output.
Cables Germany renounces all title
to specified cables, value of such as
were privately owned being credited
to her against reparation indebtedness.
Germany is to restore within six
months the Koran of the Caliph Oth
man, formerly at Medina, to the king
of the Hedjas, and the skull of Sultan
Okwawa, formerly in German East Af
rica, to his Britannic majesty's govern
ment. The government is also to re
stoVe to the French government certain
papers taken by the German authori
ties in 1870 belonging then to M. Reu
her, and to restore the French flags
taken during the war of 1870 and 1871.
Finance.
Powers to which German territory is
ceded will assume a certain portion of
the German pre-war debt, the amount
to be fixed by the reparations commis
sion on the basis of the ratio between
the revenue of the ceded territory and
Germany's total revenues for the three
years preceding the war. In view, how
ever, of the special circumstances un
der which Alsace-Lorraine was sep
arated from France in 1871 when Ger
many refused to accept any part of the
French public debt, France will not
assume any part of Germany's pre-war
debt there, nor will Poland share in cer
tain German debts incurred for the op
pression of Poland. If the value) of the
German public property in ceded terri
tory exceeds the amount of debts as
sumed, the states to which property is
ceded give credit on reparation for ,the
excess with the exception of Alsace
Lorraine. Mandatory powers will not
assume any German debts or give any
credit for German government property.
Germany renounces all right of repre
sentation on, or control of state banks,
commission, or other similar interna
tional financial and economic organiza
tions. Germany is required to pay the
total cost or the armies of occupation
from the date of the armistice as long
as they are maintained in German ter
ritory, this cost to be a first charge
on her resources. The cost of reparation
is the next charge after making such
provisions for payments for imports as
the allies may deem necessary.
Germany is to deliver to the allied
and associated powers all sums de
posited in Germany by Turkey and
Austria-Hungary in connection with the
financial support extended by her to
them during the war, and to transfer
to the allies all claims against Austria
Hungary, Bulgaria or Turkey in con-
nection
with agreements made during
the war.
Germany confrrms the renunciation of
the treaties of Bucharest and Brest
Litovsk. On the request of the re para
tions commission Germany will expro
priate any right, rights or interests of
her nationals in public utilities in ceded
territories or those administered by
mandatories anq in Turkey, China, Rus
sia, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria and
transfer them to the reparations com
mission which will credit her with their
value.
Germany guarantees to repay to Bra
Z'' the fund arising from the sale of
Sao Paulo co..ee which she refused to
allow Brazil to withdraw from Ger
many.
Economic Clauses.
customs Jf or a period of six months
Germany shall impose no tariff duties
higher than the lowest in force in 1914,
ana ior certain agricultural products
wines, vegetable oils, artificial silk and
washed or scoured wool this restriction
ouiains ior two ana one-half years or
rive years unless further extended by
me league oi nations.
Germany must give most favored nn
tlon treatment to the allied and assn.
ciated powers. She shall impose no cus
toms tarirr ior rive years on goods
originating in Alsace-Lorraine and for
tnreer years on goods originating in
iormer wrnan territory ceded to To
land with the right of observation of
a similar exception for Luxemburg.
Shipping;.
fcnips or the allied and associated
powers snail for five years and there
after under condition of reciprocity, un
less tne league or nations otherwise de
cides, enjoy the same rights in German
ports as German vessels and have mos
favored nation treatment in fishing,
coasting iraae ana towage even in ter
ritorial waters. Ships of a country hav
ing no seacoast may be registered at
some one place within its territory
Unfair Competition.
Germany undertakes to give the trade
or the allied and associated powers ade
quate safeguards against unfair com
petition and in particular to suppress
tne use or raise wrappings and mark
ings and on condition of reciprocity to
respect the laws and judicial decision
oi auiea ana associatea states, in re
spect of regional appelations of wines
and spirits.
Treatment of Nationals.
Germany shall impose.no exceptional
taxes or restriction upon nationals of
the allied and associated states for
period of five years, and, unless th
league of nations acts, for an additional
five years. German nationality shall
not continue to attach to a person wh
has become a na ional of an allied or
associated state.
Multilateral Conventions.
Some 10 multilateral conventions arc
renewed between Germany and the al
lied and associated powers, but special
conditions are attached to Germany's
re-admission to several. As to postal
and telegraph conventions, Germany
must not refuse to make reciprocal
agreements with the new states. She
must agree as respects the radio tele
graphic convention to provisional rules
to be communicated to her and adhere
to the new convention when formulated.
In the North Sea fisheries and North
Sea liquor traffic convention, rights of
inspection and police over associated
fishing boats shall be exercised for at
least five years only by vessels of these
powers. As to the international rail
way union, she shall adhere to the new
convention when formulated.
China.
As to the Chinese customs tariff ar
rangements, the arrangement of 1905
regarding Whang Poo and the Boxer
indemnity of 1901; France, Portugal and
Roumania, as to The Hague conven
tion of 1903 relating to civil procedure;
and Great Britain and the United States
as to article three of the Samoan treaty
of 1899, are relieved of all obligation
toward Germany.
Bllaterial Treaties.
Each allied and associated state may
renew any treaty with Germany inso
far as consistent with the peace treaty
by giving notice within six months.
Treaties entered into by Germany since
August 1, 1914, with other enemy states
and before or since that date with Rou
mania, Russia and governments repre
senting parts of .Russia are abrogated
and any concession granted under pres
sure by Russia to German subjects an
nulled. The allied and associated states
are to enjoy most-favored-nation treat
ment under treaties entered into by
Germany and other enemy states before
August 1, 1914, and under treaties en
tered into by Germany and neutral
states during the war.
Pre-War Debts.
A system of clearing houses is to be
created within three months, one in
Germany and one in each allied and
associated state which adopts the plan
for the payment of the pre-war debts.
ncluding those arising from contracts
uspended by the war for the adjust
ment of the proceeds of the liquidation.
also enemy property and the settlement
f other obligations. Each participat-
ng state assumes responsibility for the
payment of all debts owing by its na
tionals to nationals of the enemy states
xcept in cases of pre-war insolvency
of the debtor. The proceeds of the sale
f private enemy property in each par
ticipating state may be used to pay the
ebts owed to the nationals of that
state, direct payment from debtor to
creditor and all communications relat-
ng thereto being prohibited. Disputes
may be settled by arbitration by the
courts of the debtor country or by the
mixed arbitral tribunal. Any ally or
associated power may, however, decline
to participate by giving Germany six
months' notice.
Enemy Property.
Germany shall restore or pay for all
private enemy property seized or dam
aged by her, the amount of damages to
be fixed by the mixed arbitral tribunal.
The allied and associated states may
iquidate German private property wlth
n their territories as compensation for
property of their nationals not restored
or paid for by Germany for debts owed
o their nationals by German nationals
and for other claims against Germany.
Germany is to compensate these na
tionals for such losses and to deliver
within six months all documents relat-
ng to property held by Its nationals
n allied and associated states. All war
egislation as to enemy property rights
and interests is confirmed and all
claims by Germany against the allied
or associated governments for acts un
der exceptional measures abandoned.
Contracts.
Pre-war contracts between allied and
associated nationals, excepting the
United States. Japan and Brazil, and
German nationals are canceled except
for debts for accounts already per
formed, agreements for the transfer of
property where the property had al
ready passed, leases of land and houses,
contracts of mortgages, pledge or lien,
mining concessions, contracts with gov
ernments and insurance contracts.
Mixed arbitral tribunes shall be es
ablished of three members, one chosen
by Germany, one by the associated
states, and the third by agreement, or,
failing which, by the president of Swit
zerland. They shall have Jurisdiction
over all disputes as to contracts con
cluded before the present peace treaty.
Fire insurance contracts are not
considered dissolved by the war, even if
premiums have not been paid, but lapso
at the date of the first annual premium
falling due three months aftes the
peace. Life insurance contracts may
be restored by payments of accumulat
ed premiums with interest, sums fall-
ngr due on such contracts during the
war to De recoveraDie witn interest.
Marine insurance contracts are dis
solved by the outbreak of war except
where the risk insured against has al
ready been incurred. Where the risk
had not attached, premiums paid are
recoverable; otherwise premius due and
sums due on losses are recoverable. Re
insurance treaties are abrogated unless
invasion has mads it impossible for the
reinsured to find another reinsurer. Any
allied or associated power, however,
may cancel all the contracts running
between its nation and a German life
insurance company, the latter being
obliged to hand over the proportion of
its assets attributable to such policies.
Industrial Property Rights.
Rights as to industrial literaray and
artistic property are re-established the
special war measures of the allied and
associated powers are ratified and the
right reserved to Impose conditions on
the use of German patents and copy
rights when In the public interest.
Except as between the United States
and Germany, pre-war licenses and
rights to sue for infringements com
mitted during the war are cancelled.
Opium.
The contracting powers agree.
whether or not they have signed and
ratified the opium convention of Janu
ary 23, 1912, or signed th special pro
tocol at The Hague in accordance with
resolutions adopted by the third opium
conference in 1914, to bring the said
convention into force by enacting with
in 12 months of thj peace the neces-
sary legislation.
Religious Missions.
The allied and associated powers
agree that the propertiese of religious
missions in territories belonging or
ceded to them shall continue' in their
work under the control of the powers,
Germany renouncing all claims in their
behalf.
Aerial Navigation.
Aircraft of the allied and associated
powers shall have full liberty of passage
and landing over and In German terri
tory equal treatment with German
planes as to use of German airdromes,
and with most-favored-nation planese
as to commercial trafiic in Germany.
Germany agrees to accept allied cer
tificate, of nationality, air worthiness
or competency or licenses and to apply
the convention relative to aerial navi
gation concluded between tha allied
and associate powers to her or air
craft over her own territory. These
rules apply until 1923, unless Germany
has since been admitted to the league
of nations or to the above convention.
Freedom of Transit.
Germany must grant freedom of tran
sit through her territories by rail or
water to persons, goods, ships, car
riages and mails from or to any of the
allied
or associated powers without
customs or transit duties, undue de
lays, restrictions, or discriminations
based on nationality, means of trans
port or place of entry or departure.
Goods in transit shall be assured all
possible speed of journey, especially
perishable goods. Germany may not
divert traffic from its normal course
in favor or her own transport routes
or maintain control stations in con
nection with transmigration traffic. She
may not establish any tax discrimina
tion against the ports of allied or asso
ciated powers; must grant the tatter's
seaports all factors and reduced tar
iffs granted her own or other nationals,
and afford the allied and associated
powers equal rights with those of her
own nationals In her ports and water
ways, save that she is free to open or
close her maritime coasting trade.
Free Zones in Ports.
Free zones existing In German ports
on August 1. 1914. must be maintained
with due facilities as to warehouses
and packing, without discrimination
and without charges except for ex
penses of administration and use. Goods
leaving the free zones for consumption
in Germany and goods brought into the
free zones from Germany shall be sub
ject to the ordinary import and export
taxes.
International Rivers.
The Elbe from the junction of the
Vltava, the Vltava from Prague, the
Oder from Oppa, the Niemen from Grod
no and the Danube from Ulm are de
clared international, together with their
connections. The riparian states must
Insure good conditions of navigation
within their territories, unless a spe
cial organization exists therefor. Oth
erwise appeal may be had to a special
tribunal of the league of nations,
which also may arrange for a general
international waterways convention.
The Elbe and the Oder are t be
placed under international commissions
to meet within three months, that for
the Elbe composed of four representa
tives of Germany, two from Czecho
slovakia and one each from Great Brit
ain, France, Italv and Belgium: and
that for the Oder composed of one each
from Poland, Russia, Czecho-Slo-
vakia. Great Britain, France, Den
mark and Swedeln. If any riparian
state on the Nieman should so request
of the league of nations, a similar com
mission shall be established there.
These commissions shall upon request
of any riprarian state meet within
three months to revise any existing in
ternational agreement.
The Danube.
The European Danube commission
reassumes its pre-war powers, but for
the time being with representatives
of only Great Britain. Italy and Rou
manian The upper Danube is to be ad
ministered by a new International com
mission until a definitive state be
drawn up at a conference of the powers
nominated by the allied and associated
governments within one year after the
peace. The enemy governments shall
make full reparations for all war dam
ages caused to the European commis
sion; shall cede their river facilities in
surrendering territory, and give
Czecho-Slovakia, Serbia and Roumania
any rights necessary on their shores
for carrying out improvements in navi
gation. The Halne nnd Moselle.
The Rhine Is placed under the cen
tral commission, to meet at Strass
burg witliin six months after the
peace, and to be composed of four rep
resentatives of France, which shall in
addition select the president, four of
Germany, and two each of Great Brit
ain, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland and
the Netherlands. Germany must give
France on the course of the Rhine in
cluded between the two extreme points
of her frontiers all rights to take water
to feed canals, while herself agreeing
not to make canals on the right bank
opposite France. She must also hand
over to France nil her drafts and de
signs for this part of the river.
Belgium is to be permitted to build
a deep-draft Rhine-Meuse canal if she
so desires within 25 years, in which
case Germany must construct the part
within her territory on plans drawn by
Belgium: similarly, the interested allied
governments may construct a Rhine
Meuse canal, both, if constructed, to
come under the competent interna
tional ommission. Germany may not
object if the central Rhine commission
desires to extend its Jurisdiction over
the lower Moselle, tne upper Rhine or
lateral canals.
Germany must cede to the allied and
associated governments certain tugs,
vessels and facilities for navigation on
all these rivers, the specific details to
be established by an arbiter named by
the United States. Decision will be
based on the legitimate needs of the
parties concerned and on the shipping
traffic during the five years before
the war. The value will be included in
the regulrr reparation account. In
the case of the Rhine shares in the
German navigation companies and
property such as wharves and ware
houses, held by Germany in Rotter
dam at the outbreak of the war, must
be handed over.
Railways.
Germany, in addition to the most fa
vored nation treatment on her rail
ways, agrees to co-operate In the es
tablishment of through ticket services
for passengers and baggage; to en
sure communication by rail between
the allied, associated and other states;
to allow the construction or improve
ment within 25 years of such lines as
necessary, and to conform her rolling
stock to enable its incorporation in
trains of the allied or associated pow
ers. She also agrees to accept the de
nunciation of the St. Gothard conven
tion if Switzerland and Italy so re
quest, and temporarily to execute in
structions as to the transport of troops
and supplies and the establishment of
postal and telegraphic service, as pro
vided. Czecho-Slovakia.
To assure Czecho-Slovakia access to
the sea, special rights are given her
both north and south. Towards the
Adriatic, she is permitted to run her
own through train to Fiume and Triest.
To the north, Germany is to lease her
for 99 years spaces in Hamburg and
Stett n the details, to be worked out
by a commission of three representing
Czecho-Slovakia, Germany and Great
Britain.
The Kiel Canal.
The Kiel canal is to remain free and
open to war and merchant ships of all
nations at peace with Germany. Goods
and ships of all states are to be treated
on terms oi absolute equality and no
taxes to be imposed beyond those nec
essary for upkeep and improvement for
which Germany is to be responsible.
In case of violation or disagreement as
to those provisions, any state may ap
peal to the league of nations and may
demand the appointment of an interna
tional commission. For preliminary
hearing of complaints Germany shall
establish a local authority at Kiel.
International Labor OrKanlullon.
Members of the league of nations
agree to establish a permanent organi
zation to promote international adjust
ment of labor conditions, to consist of
an annual international labor confer
ence and an international labor office.
The former is composed of four rep
resentatives of each state, two from
the government and one each from the
employers and the employed each of
them may vote individually. It will be
a deliberative legislative body, its
measures taking the form of draft con
ventions or recommendations for legis
lation, which if passed by two-third
vole, must be submitted to the law
making authority in every state par
ticipating. Each government may
either enact the terms Into law; ap
prove the principle, but modify them to
local needs; leave the actual legislation
In case of a federal state to local legis
latures; or reject the convention alto
gether without further obligation.
The international labor office is es
tablished at the seat of the league of
nations as part of its organization. It
is to collect and distribute information
on labor throughout the world and pre
pare agenda for the conference. It will
publish a periodical in French and
English, and possibly other languages.
Each state agrees to make for it for
presentation to the conference an an
nual report of measures taken to exe
cute accepted conventions; the govern
ing body is Its executive committee. It
consists of 24 members, 12 representing
the governments, six the employers and
six the employes, to serve for three
years.
On complaint that any government
has failed to carry out a convention to
which it is a party, the governing body
may make inquiries directly to that
government and in case the reply is
unsatisfactory, may publish the com
plaint with comment. A complaint by
one government against another may
be referred by the governing body to
a commission of inouiry nominated by
the secretary-general of the league. If
the commission report falls to bring
satisfactory action, the matter may be
taken to a permanent court of inter
national justice for final decision. The
chief reliance for securing enforcement
of the law will be publicity with a pos
sibility of economic action in the back
ground.
The first meeting of the conference
will take place in October. 1919. at
Washington, to discuss the eight-hour
day or 48-hour week: prevention of
unemployment: extension and applica
tion of the international conventions
adopted at Berne in 1906 prohibition
night work for women and the use of
white phosphorus in the manufacture
of matches: and employment of women
and children at night or in unhealthy
work, of women before and after child
birth, including maternity benefit, and
of children as regards minimum age.
Labor Clauses.
Nine principles of labor conditions
were recognized on the ground that
"the well-being, physical and moral, of
the industrial wage-earners is of su
preme international importance." With
exceptions necessitated by differences
of climate, habits and economic devel
opment. they include: The guiding
principle that labor should not be re
garded merely as a commodity or art!
cle of commerce: right of association of
employers and employes: a wage ade
quate to maintain a reasonable stand
ard of life; the eight-hour day or 48
nour week: a weekly rest of at least
24 hours, which should include Sunday
wherever practicable; abolition of child.
laoor and assurance of the continuation
of the education and proper physical
development of children; equal pay for
equal work as between men and
women; equitable treatment of all
workers lawfully resident therein. In
cluding foreigners; and a system of in
spection :n which women should take
Part.
t.uarantees.
Western Europe German territory t3
the west of the Rhine, together with
the bridgeheads, will be occupied by
allied and associated troops for 1
years. If the conditions are faithfully
carried out by Germany, certain dis
tricts, including the bridgehead of Co
logne, will be evacuated at the expira
tlon of five years: certain other dis
tricts, including the bridgehead of
Coblenz and the territories nearest the
Belgian frontier, will be evacuated
after ten years, and the remainder. In
cluding the bridgenead of Mainz, will
be evacuated after 15 years. In case
the Inter-allied reniration commission
finds that Germany lias failed to ob
serve the whole or part of her obliga
tions, either during the occupation or
after the 15 years have expired, the
whole or part of the areas specified
will be reoccupied immediately.
If before the expiration of the 15
years Germany complies with all the
treaty undertakings. the occupying
forces will be withdrawn immediately.
Eastern Europe. All German troops
at present in territories to the east of
the new frontier shall return as soon
as the allied and associated govern
ments deem wise. They are to abstain
from all requisitions and are in no
way to interfere with measures for
national defense taken by the govern
ment concerned.
All questions regarding occupation
not provided for by the treaty will be
regulated by a subsequent convention
or conventions which will have similar
force and effect.
Miscellaneous.
Germany agrees to recognize the full
validity of the treaties of peace and
additional conventions to be concluded
by the allied and associated powers
with the powers allied with Germany;
to agree to the decisions to be taken
as to territories of Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria and Turkey and to recognize
the new states in the frontiers to be
fixed for them.
Germany agrees not to put forward
any pecuniary claims against any al
lied or associated power signing the
present treaty based on events previous
to the coming into force of the treaty.
Germany accepts all decrees as to
German ships and goods made by any
allied or associated prize court. The
allies reserve the right to examine all
decisions of German prize courts. The
present treaty, of which the French
and English texts are both authentic,
shall be ratified and the depositions of
ratifications made in Paris as soon as
possible. The treaty is to become ef
fective in all respects for each power
on the date of deposition of its ratifica
tion. TREATY HANDED GERMANS
'Continued From Fimt I'jice.)
Clemenceau to the German delegates at
the peace congress today:
"Gentlemen, plenipotentiaries of the
German empire: It is neither the time
nor the place for superfluous words.
You have before you the accredited
plenipotentiaries of all the small and
great powers united to fight together
in the war that has been so cruelly Im
posed upon them. The time has come
when we must settle our account.
"You have asked for peace. We are
ready to give you peace. We shall
present you now a book which con
tains our conditions. You will be given
every facility to examine these condi
tions and the time necessary for it.
Everything will be done with the cour
tesy that is the privilege of civilised
nations.
"To give you my thought completely,
you will find us ready to give you
any explanation you want, but we must
say at the same time that this second
treaty of Versailles has cost us too
much not to take on our side all the
necessary precautions and guarantees
that the peace shall be a lasting one.
'o Oral Dlacuaaloa Allowed.
"I will give you notice of the pro
cedure that has beena adopted by the
conference for discussion and if any
one has any observations to offer he
will have the right to do so. No oral
di&'jussR'U is to take place and the
observations of the German delegation
will have to be submitted in writing.
The German plenipotentiaries will
know that they have the maximum
period of 15 days within which to pre
sent in English and French their writ
ten observations on th- whole of the
treaty. Before the expiration of the
aforesaid period of 15 days the Ger
man delegates will be entitled to sand
their reply on particular headings of
the treaty, or to ask questions in re
gard to them.
After having examined the observa
tions within the aforementioned period.
the supreme council will send their an
swers in writing to the German dele
gation and determine the period with
in which the final global world-wlde)
answer must be given by this delega
tion.
Premier Speaks In Kreneh.
The president wishes to add that
when we receive, after two or three
or four or five days any observations
from the German delegation on any
point of the treaty, we shall not wait
until the end of the 15 days to give
our answer. We shall at once proceed
in the way indicated by this document."
M. Clemenceau spoke in French.
PARIS. May 7. T7l5 A. M. (By the
Associated Press.) Vittorio Orlando.
Italian premier, and Baron Sonnino,
foreign minister, arrived in Paris from
Rome this morning.
Orlando Is Welcomed.
When Premier Orlando and Foreign
Minister Sonnino arrived in Paris this
morning they were welcomed by Ste
phen Pichon, the French foreign min
ister. The Italian delegates were given
an ovation by the Italian colony.
The Italian premier arrivjd at the
Taris "White House" just as the coun
cil of four reassembled, and resumed
his seat in the council.
As a basis of resuming participa
tion in the peace negotiations. Premier
Orlando accepted a proposal that Italy
administer Fiume as a mandatory of
the league of nations until 1923. after
which Flume will revert to Italian
sovereignty.
During the Italian administration a
harbor for the Jugo-Slavs will be built
at a port lower down the Adriatic
coast. The harbor will have railroad
communication with Agram and other
cities.
Italy, it Is understood, also is pre
pared to make sacrifices of some of her
other claims on the Dalmatian coast.
Agreement Is Mnde.
The proposal which induced the
Italians to return to Paris was made
to them by Camllle Barrere, the French
ambassador at Rome.
PARIS. May 7. (Itavas.) France,
the United States and Great Britain
have concluded an agreement giving
supplementary guarantees for France
and security for the peace treaty, the
Echo de Paris today says it has learned.
HARVESTER INCOME LARGE
EARNINGS FOR 10 18 SLIGHTLY
IX EXCKSS OK 10 17.
French Plat at Croix, Stripped
Germans, llelng Re-equipped
for Operations.
by
CHICAGO. May 7. The International
Harvester company's earnings for 1918
as shown by its nanual report, issued
today, covering the operations of the
merged companies, were slightly above
the combined earnings of the two com
panies in 1917. The 1918 profit was
514.985,000. as against a combined
profit of J12.659.000 in 1917. This profit
represents a return of less than 7 per
cent on the net investment in the busi
ness, or a profit of about 11 per cent
before deducting $10,478,000 charged off
for war losses, due to further depre
ciation of assets in Russia.
The report states that the basic
eight-hour day is now standard in all
plants of the company.
The French factory at Croix, stripped
by the Germans, is being re-equipped
and the plant at Neuss. Germany, is
now protected by the American occu
pation. One factory near Moscow con
tinued to run. despite disorders, but
most of the plants and branches were
closed. The report especially commends
the courage and fidelity of the com
pany's Russian organization. The total
charged off to depreciation of assets in
Russia during the war was J24.20.,000
and the property there is now valued
at only J4. 750.000. In addition there is
90.000.000 in paper rubles, normally
worth J43.0OO.OOO gold, hut now carried
on the books at J16.600.000. The re
port eays that the plan of employe rep
resentation in the manngem.nt of the
company is working well.
CENTRALIA BOYS IN GOTHAM
No News Received of M. II. McCon-
nell Since October 2 7, 10 18.
CENTRALIA. Wash.. May 7. (Spe
cial.) Cecil E. Games, the first Cen
tralia boy to appear in the casualty
lists after the United States entered the
war. has arrived in New York from
overseas, according to word received
by his relatives, who now reside in
Dryad. The soldier was erroneously re
ported killed in action.
Mrs. Etta Potter, of this city. last
night received a telegram announcing
the arrival of her son, Wesley Snyder,
company M, 161st infantry. In New
York from overseas.
W. H.' McConnell. who recently re
turned from overseas, received his dis
charge at Camp Lewis yesterday and
passed through Centralia on his way to
Stapleton. Or. He knew nothing of the
wheareabouts of his brother. Raymond
McConnell. a Centralia boy. from whom
no word has been received since Oc
tober 27, 1918.
COUNTY FAIR DATES SET
Hood River Hoard Organizes for
Greatest Annual Show.
Hood- River. Or.. May 7. (Speoial.)
The first Hood River county fair, made
possible by a recent appropriation of
J500 by the county court, will be held
on September 19-20. On the last day
of the fair, the children of the county
schools will vie in displays of cookery,
garden products and livestock at the
annual industrial school fair. The
choicest of the exhibits will be sent to
ths Salem state fair.
Members of the County Fair board,
appointed by the county court, are: C
E. Mcintosh. A. W. Peters and D. L.
Pierson. Mr. Peters has been elected
president, and the organization of of
ficers for the approaching fair has been
perfected.
GERMANS LEARN PENALTY
fCoriinud From Flrat Page.)
All civilian damages are to be reim
bursed by Germany, her initial payment
to be 20.000,000,000 marks, with subse
quent payments to be secured by bonds.
She must replace shipping ton for ton.
handins over a great part of her mer
cantile tonnage and turning out new
construction tor the purpose.. She must
also devote her economic iesoi:;ires
rebuilding the devastated regions.
Occupation During Reparation.
Parts of Germany will be occupied
on a diminishing scale until reparation
is made.
Germany must agree to the irvl of
former Emperor William by an irtrrna
tlonul court, and to the trial of oll-.-rs
of her subjects for iolations of th-j
laws and customs of war.
Tiie allies and German v accept the
league of nations. Geimunv. ho-jv.v--accepting
only In principle and not 'as
a member.
All treaties and agreements v ith
bolshevik Russia must b- abrr,?He;
as well as the treaty of Bucharest -.';h
Roumania.
German prisoners of war are to be
repatriatd. but the allies y'.U hold
German otficers as l-.-ar. for Ger
mans accused of crimes.
EX-RECORDER UNDER FIRE
BOKS OK KO It M Kit OKm To
m: investigate!'.
Council A I logos Minrtagc in Ajmxhuii
ami Irregularities in Han
dling of Wamnis
BEN D. Or.. .May 7. (Special.) Act
ing on orders iroin the Bend council
an investigation was started today ly
a special council committee, of t
books of former Recorder H. c Eli Is"
who four months after retiring f.-o:ji
office, is alleged to owe the city JSSS "i
Another charge which is being investj
K?T?JS l"at city warrants of the value
or J 604.31 were used bv Mr. Ell's in
paying off part of his original o'..iiga
tion to the city three weeks ago.
The former recorder Genres ixst
there was ever a shortage in his ac
counts, asserts that the apparent del
was caused by his acceptance, over a
period of two years, of citi.v w-jj-rants
in payment of fees, taxes and special
ssessments. and decJarcs that he wai
unwilling to pay up until the accounts
had been audited.
NEWPORT OWNERS CLASH
Condemnation of Front Street Asked
lo Prevent Damage.
NEWPORT. Or., May 7. (Special.)
Newport city council held a stormy
session last night. The climax was
reached when George Savage, president
of the council, stated that he was in
favor of condemning Front street.
Such action would mean to close the
city, for all the freight, mail, express
and passengers from the outside land
at 1-ront street before going to other
parts of the city. The fight was over
the improvement of Front street a
thoroughfare now planked. The sand
has been slipping away from in under
the planks, due to a faulty bulkhead
along Yaquina bay.
Ninety per cent of the property hold
ers along the Mreet signed a petition
to the council asking that a new street
be not made hy filling the holes and
laying new planks, until a solid con
crete wall be built as a bulkhead.
Four voted to sustain the majority'
property owners and three dissented
Mr. Savage quickly asked the city at
torney what means should be taken to
condemn the main thoroughfare of the
city to save it from possible damages
SUNDAY SCHOOLS TO MEET
Workers of National I'rnminenn. t..
Address Convention-..
HOOD RIVER. Or.. Mav 7. f Sneci I
The so-called annual twin conven
tions of the Oregon Sunday School as
sociation to be held ut Corvallis from
May 15 to 18. and at Baker from Mav
20 to 22, inclusive, will be the most
notable ever held in the state, accord
ing to Mrs. J. E. Ferguson of Odell.
president of the Hood River County as
sociation and director of the state or
ganization. Musical programmes will
be featured. They will be conducted
byWatler Jenkins of Portland. The
Willamette university quartet will
visit each city.
Among the prominent Sunday school
workers in attendance will be M. A.
Honline. Dayton. Ohio; J. M. lacker.
Chicago, and Charles II. Fisher, of Cal
ifornia. Mrs. Ferguson will address the Sun
day school workers of Wasco county
in their annual convent:. n at M osier
next Saturday.
18TH ENGINEERS COMING
Portland lo Give Greeting to Hoys
Who Saw Active Service Early.
At least a portion of the 18th en
gineers, one of the first military or
ganizations to be organized in Port
land and to leave for active service,
will return through Portland according'
to word received at Liberty temple yes
terday. The communication received yester
day by reception officials states that
435 men of the 18th engineers will leave
Garden City, Long Island, this morn
ing and will pass through Portland six
days later and en route to Camp Lewis
where they will he mustered out. No
definite plans for their entertainment
will be made until it is known what
hours they will be here, but as far as
is possible the united war auxiliaries
and the city reception committee will
extend the same welcome and plans as
will be tendered today to the 316th sani
tary trains.
WAR HEROES ARE DIVIDED
Acceptance of Army Men in Legion
Topic of Caucus Debase.
ST. IAJI IS. .Mo.. May 7. Heated de
bate whether regular army men shoal
be barred from membership in th-e
American legion, which opens a three
day caucus tomorrow, consumed the
greater part of a preliminary caucus
of delegates tonight.
After charges and counter-charges
had been made that certain dele Raws
were attempting to inject militarism
and bolshevism into the tentative or
ganization, a motion was adopted tiht'.
regular army men be recommended for
admission at the caucus for enrollment.
G. 0. P. WINS IN BALTIMORE
Republican Mayor Elected FirM.
Time in Twenty Years
BALTIMORE. Md., May 7. For the
first time in 20 years, the republicans
elected a mayor yesterday w-hen state's
attorney William F. Broening defeated
George Weema Williams, his demo
cratic opponent.
A New Jersey woman has invented a
mesh bag to hold a door key and pre
vent it from being lost among the con
tents of a i'ockclbook or sliopimie bag.