ft ; :Lmg jgj mrt$mm. m VOL. LIX.-XQ. 38,187. f PORTLAXD, OREGON, SATURDAY, MARCH 8,-1910. rmr VTVf, nr,xg AMERICANS READY Soldiers on Rhine. Would Welcome Order. PROSPECT BRIGHTENS DAILY Rupture of Negotiations at Spa Held Significant. ARMY IS FULLY' PREPARED Kccent Action Believed to Indicate Radical Change in Policy of I German Government. ' BY f'TRIL, BUOWX. fCoprrisht t,y the Nfw Tork World. Pub lished rrr ArrMgment.) COBLENZ, March 7. (Special cable.) The American array on the Rhine would -welcome eagerly a glimpse ot J5erlin and the chances appear suddenly brighter today, follow Ins the break of economic negotiations at Spa. The rumor in Germany that notice of her repudiation of the armistice has already been given finds the staff of the array of occupation, which is fully prepared ' for every possible contingency, on edge for further developments. An inspired German news bulletin stating that Germany intends to main tain a firm attitude on the economic, shipping and food propositions, and that this may lead to revocation of the armistice, surprises no one in well informed circles here. ' While the bulletin obviously was put tit in Berlin, primarily for purposes of propaganda, yet, it is believed, the rup ture of negotiations at Spa may well mark a radical change In Germany's policy with complete repudiation as the next step. All Possibilities Considered. This possibility has always been con sidered in military calculations on the Rhine front. The army of occupation has never forgotten for an instant that a state of war exists until a peace treaty is signed. The possibility of the revocation of the armistice, the resumption of war fare and the need of "touring" Ger many has fully justified the American military policy of not relaxing disci pline one iota and of keeping the army of occupation at the top or fighting form by hard daily drilling, elaborate maneuvers and practical battle dem onstrations. A tour of our front lines in the bridgehead is vividly reminiscent of actual war conditions. Our outposts on tho edge of the neutral no man's land keep watch just as seriously, day and night, as if fighting was still on. All roads at the ultimate front are heavily patrolled and interlocking machine-gun nests, equipped with new Brownings, are ready in our front line beyond the Rhine. Alarm Frequently Soandcd. False alarms are frequently sounded to keep the men on the qui vive. The sound of rifle, machine-gun and light and even heavy artillery firing is heard frequently In the bridgehead as the American battalions are turned loose to right sham battles with an imaginary enemy but with live ammunition, thus keeping the veterans in battle form and accustoming the draft replacements to actual fighting conditions. ! acci- ( There is even bloodshed, for FOR BERLIN MARCH dental casualties are unavoidable. I . "ZJ, T ir I them on their arrival. They were urged am authoritatively informed that the,to return to or accept positlons flt army of occupation could move toward .i , - Jierlin within an hour after receiving orders. Despite, or perhaps, because of. the possibility of a "tour" to Ber lin, the lot of the doughboys in the Hhineland is brightening so rapidly that, in some credible military circles, the opiinon is expressed that, in the near future, many men will be in no hurry to get home, but will want to stick around to revel in the joytime '.hat is coming on the Rhine, i Spring Comes Prematurely. 1ncieniably, the last few days have accn a joy-of-life wave roll over the American area. Another reason is that an abnormally premature spring is here, apparently to stay. On trees -and shrubbery, buds are greening and, ac cording to native prophets, the Rhine valley will be in leaf in another week. German girls and doughboys may be :seen carrying home pussy wlNows; not together, of course, for the anti-fraternization law is still on the statute books of the army of occupation. Snowdrops and violets and the first robins on the Rhine have been re . ported and the men on leave show un : mistakable signs of spring wanderlust as they roam around the Coblenz streets and cafes, which are cheerful again since the extension of the hours in which light drinking is permissible to 10 P. M. This has proved a very pop ular measure with the men as well as with the cafe proprietors, whose busi ness had been nearly ruined by the brief spell of military temperance. Cafes Have Good Musir. The cafes again offer a wealth of good music and attractions, the Rhine land making a big bid for military business with its featured offering of The Brunhild Corsets." The spring weather has also increased the popu larity of steamer excursions on the '.Rhine. Several thousand doughboys iwv daily avail themselves of the op portunity of seeing the Lorelei rock and the mouse tower of Bingen. Ex cursion steamers passing Coblenz. with bauds playing at full blast and dough boys and Y. M. C. A. girls dancing on deck, are the source of infinite enter- iConvludod on t'uge , Column I.) FLOWERS HIDE HUGE COAST DEFENSE GUNS . CAMOUFIaEUR TELLS OF PRO TECTION UNSUSPECTED. Great Mortars During War Placed in PriTate Gardens in New 1'ork City and Elsewhere. NEW TORK. March 7. Huge mor tars, standing on concrete emplace ments and abundantly supplied with half-ton projectiles, were erected dur ing the war among the flowers and shrubbery of private gardens in New York city ajid elsewhere along the At lantic coast, ready to repel attacks of German naval or airships, Maximilian Toch, one of the first American camou Tlcurs, told the New York section of the American Chemical society tonight. Mr. Toch described how honeysuckle, morning glory, and ivy, as well as plants had been employed to conceal or lower the visibility of coast fortifi cation s. Ambrose Channel, the mouth or New York harbor, was protected, in addi tion to the guns in the regular army Torts, by mortars having a range of 12 miles, said Mr. Toch. Some of theEe auxiliary cannon, he declared, were placed two and a half miles inland on private estates and so concealed by ar rangement of trees, shrubbery and flowers that passcrsby were ignorant of their presence. The- were manned by army gun crews, ready for instant action. The camoufleur described also his work in disguising navy yards and docks along the Atlantic coast, near the Pensacola and Key West bases, which were exposed to attacks by German raiders and submarines operating in the South Atlantic. ISSUE IS OVERSUBSCRIBED ITalf-Billion Block of Certificates of Indebtedness Absorbed. WASHINGTON, March 7. The issue of J300.000.000 certificates of Indebt edness, subscriptions for which closed yesterday. Was oversubscribed by $32, 341,000, the treasury announced today. Every federal reserve district except Boston equaled, or exceeded its cjuota, and "in this reepect the issue was the most successful except one which has been offered in anticipation of the vic tory loan," said the announcement. This brought the aggregate amount of subscriptions for certificates to be redeemed out of proceeds of the vic tory Joan to $4,378,000,000, not Includ ing the $500,000,000 of the newly an nounced issue. SUFFRAGE VOTE FORECAST Passage of Amendment by Next Con gress Expected. NEW YORK, March 7. Senators Ransdell of Louisiana and Calder of New York predicted passage of the woman suffrage amendment by the next congress in addresses at the open ing here, today of the new campaign ror national recognition of equal suf frage. Although he predicted changes in the amendment as defeated by the senate In the congress just adjourned, in order to eliminate opposition. Senator Rans dell said it was "safe to predict vic tory for the measure when it is again presented." He advised a "legal, legit imate and 6rderly" campaign in its favor. JOBS AWAIT WEATHER MEN Returned Meteorologists Are Asked to Accept Positions. NEW YORK, March 7. Six ofricers and IIS men nf lh. m.f r.r.rr.1 t tachmcnt of the signal corps, who ar- i rive rived today on board the Mongolia, j f,.,. , , ,,. , . ' . V .J . The personnel of the detachment was recruited from the weather bureaus and various colleges of the country. Their calculations as to atmospheric pressure, air currents, wind velocity and humidity were all taken into seri ous consideration by aviation and ar tillery commanders in mapping out their offensive programmes. NORTH NORWAY DISTURBED I Revolution on Russian Pattern Xow i Riln. A v! t er . I CHR1STIANIA, March 7. A strong revolutionary agitation is being car ried out in Finmank (the northernmost part of Norway), by an organization which is planning a revolution on the Russian pattern, according to a report from Kirkenais to the Af ternposten. The organization plans to carry the revolution into Finland and Scandi navian countries. KINGDOM IS RECOGNIZED Serbs, Croatians and Slovenes Af fected by Swiss Decision. PARIS, March 7. The Jugo-Slav commission in Paris informed the As sociated Press today that the Swiss government had ofricialry reeognlzed the kingdom or the Serbs, Croatians and Slovenes. The Sw-iss government did not rec ognize any formal boundaries, pending the decision of the peace conference. STRIKE IN CUBA SPREADS Transportation Tied Up and Indus tries at Standstill. WASHINGTON. March " 7. The gen eral strike in Cuba has spread, accord ing to advices to the state department today, until -transportation in fully half of the country is tied up. Practically aft industries are at a standstill. I CANADIAN TROOPS ES Many Killed ?j Injured in CamvTdots. MUCH PRr.RTY IS DAMAGED War Casuals Enraged by' De lay in Embarkation. CAVALRY IS CALLED OUT stores of All Kind- Raided and De stroyed by Discontented Men. Quiet Finally Restored. LONDON. March 7. From eight to 27 persons are estimated to have been killed and from 25 to 73 wounded in rioting during the last threo days at the Kinmel military camp at Rhyl Wales, according to a Liverpool dis patch received here tonight. Great property damage was caused, the dis patch 'adds. According to latest, reports from Liverpool the riot was started by mal contents. There were 2S.000 Canadians In the camp awaiting demobilization and embarkation. The men who caused the trouble were war casuals who had served for three years or more in France. They complained that their embarkation had been postponed, while other men who had seen less service were -sent home. After the destruction of stores of all kinds on Tuesday by the discontented meD, the situation took a more serious turn Wednesday when the cavalry was called out, but was forbidden to use its arms. 11-ottpa Intercept Rioters. Troops from Chester intercepted the rioters in their march upon Abergele, near Rhyl, and also prevented a threat ened raid on the latter place. Five men were killed and 40 injured in the course of this fighting, it Is reported. There was further shooting early Thursday morning, but at no time was there organized firing by any armed party. Most of the deaths were due to crushing, it was said. An unarmed' major holding the Victoria cross, and believed to be from New Brunswick, is reported to have been yictuully trampled to death while attempting to defend the officers' quarters against great odds. The Daily Mail says the Canadian authorities restored order without the assistance of British troops, and de clares that the matter is solely one for Canadian disciplinary action. Caudiaa Officials Firm. The Canadian officials have informed the war office that they do not desire any Increase in shipping facilities as a consequence of the outbreak, as they do not intend to be coerced by the rioters. Later on Thursday numbers of the men paraded in Rhyl. They mado noisy dernonstrations but committed no dam age. The outbreak began Tuesday night iConcluded on Page S. Column 2. RAMPANT IN WAL END OF STRIKE IN NORTH IS EXPECTED EJLEVEX OF 21 I'.VlOXS I.V SEAT TLE MAY RETURN" TO JOBS. Voting in Progress, but ' Result Xol Announced; Radicals Are Sup pressed by Conservatives. SEATTLE. Wash.. March 7. Through authentic sources it was. learned to night that two of the 21 shipyard unions now voting on - whether or not to re turn to work pending the outcome of a. wage conference arranged for Wash ington, D. C. March 17, have voted to continue the strike begun January 2l. One of these was said to be the steam and operating engineers. The name of the other union was not divulged by strike leaders. Notwithstanding reported action of these, two unions, unofficial sentiment expressed In labor circles holds to the belief that 11 of the 21 unions will vote io return to work, thus ending the strike. Two have already so voted. Today the Boilermakers, Iron Ship builders and Helpers' union, the largest shipyard union, took Its ballot. Un official reports of the meeting said that attempts by radical members to side track a secret ballot were defeated and that several radicals attempting to speak were greeted with erics of "radi cals, sit down." t Chairman Miller of the strike confer ence committee and other representa tives of the metal unions will leave to morrow for the meeting in Washing ton. TACOMA. Wash., March 7. With balloting on the referendum proposing going bark to work in the shipyards proceeding in the last of the metal trades unions to hold meetings and even completed in some of the smaller unions, strike leaders were considering means today for holding the strikers of Tacoma together in face of the ex pected vote to return to work, until they can go back as a body. Strike officials stated that some of the strik ers, suffering rea'l privations and anxious to get to work, might not await the result of the entire district vote. The Tacoma strike committee issued an appeal today to all metal tradesmen on strike to await the official order to return, if the referendum being taken Indicates the wish of the majority to call off the strike. "The workers must remain solidly in their present status until the con ference committee of Tacoma and Se attle. In whose hands the programme of action has been left, can canvass the district vots and outline a programme." statement says. TAX PROVISION EXPLAINED Ruling on Incomes of Musband and Wife Is Issued. WASHINGTON. March 7. In com puting income taxes, a husband and wife having incomes from separate sources, may each apply the lower rate ot 6 per cent to tho first $4000 of In come. The internal revenue bureau In explaining today this feature of the law, emphasized, however, that the higher rate of 12 per cent applies to the bal ance in each case. Undtr the new revenue act. It was explained, the normal tax rates as well as the surtax rates are applicable sep arately to the net income of each In dividual. In claiming personal exemp tion either the husband or the wife may claim it, or they may divide it between them in any manner they may choose. THE END OF THE JOURNEY. Copyright by the Chicago t ' " ' H M REPUBLICANS OPEN CAMPAIGN OF 1920 Chairman - Hays Figure in Twin Leading Cities. PRELIMINARY PLANS ARE LAID Vigorous Argument Made for Extra Session of Congress. 4 STATES IN CONFERENCE Senator Kellogg Fla Xon-Parti-.au Icaguc and tiotrrnor Uurnquisl Makes George Creel Target. ST. 1'ACU March 7. Will 11. Hajs, chairman of the republican national committee, reinforced by state leaders of national note, formally opened the preliminary campaign for the 120 elec tion in the Twin Cities todav and to night. From the moment Hays arrived In St. Paul, shortly before noon, untll'the northwest rally at the St. Paul audi torlum was closed late tonight, he was the leading figure in a series of meet ings and conferences, which authorized him to cross and recross the Missis sippi. Mr. Hays talked straight politics and vigorously argued for an extra session of congress in a luncheon address in Minneapolis at noon. He talked with prominent republicans from Minnesota. North Dakota, South Dakota ad Mon tana In St. Taul and Minneapolis and was whirled to the state capital late this afternoon, where he spoke before a joint session of the state legislature. Hays niaraaaeea loyalty. Mr. Hays. United States .Senator Frank B. Kellogg and Governor J. A. A. Burnquist were the principal speak ers at the northwest rally tonight. Hays discussed loyalty, reconstruc tion and congress: Kellogg reviewed republican achievements, assailed the non-partisan league and George Creel, chairmsn of the committee on public information. "We have always said "we Join oar selves to no party that does not fol low the flag and keep step to the music of the union.'" said Mr. Hays in his address tonight. "The republican party has not only followed the flaa- and kept step to the music of the union the republican party, has carried the flag and made the music for the union. Rraaablle to lie Preserved. "We will not forget that while we fought to make certain the rights of free government In the world, we have a republic to preserve in this country; that we are a representative govern ment, not a bolshevik syncopation; that while there is nothing in this country that we would not take and use for necessary war purposes, such taking must be for war purposes only. The republican party from its Inception has stood against undue federalization of Industries and activities. There must be strong federal regulation, but. not federal ownership. "Let us not for a moment lose sight "nn"ltiid on Pig 2, Coin rn 4. :i X : x X : X Tribune. Published by Arrangement, aaaaaasssaiss","lsss""ll "". ; " ''-J -f' -"''.. CABLE SEIZURE HELD MOVE FOR OWNERSHIP COLWjnKL FOR PETITIONERS. C. E. HIGIIES, MAKES CHARGE. Congressional Resolution. Authoris ing President's Action Is De clared Unconstitutional. Washington, March 7. Arguments I before the supreme court todav on an-I peals from federal court decrees dis missing injunction proceedings brought by the Commercial rble and Commct -Hal Pacific Cable companies in ri ef fort to prevent government control of the cables developed charges bv harles K. Hughe,, counsel for the petitioners, that .he act, on or the gov ernment five. ,,., after rrniMK was signed was a Mep to promote gov ernment ownership and the renlv hv solicitor-General King for ,he govern ment that the seizure was nc cst-arv ror the national defense. Mr. Hughes contended that the con gressional resolution authorising the president to take over cable, was un. constitutional. Solicitor-General King contended that the courts had no authority ,0 inquire -nto the president's action in taking over the rabies. UTAH TO BAR CIGARETTES Nevada Also to Prohibit Making and Sale of Near-ltcrr. SALT LAKE CITY. March 7 The Menaf e . .. ... - i .1 n legislature to.lav Passed 11 to 6 an ami -eir i " which. It Is said, will absolutely Iro hlblt th manufacture and sale of , js -.wer r materials for their manuf tnrlni- 1.. l. . . . . . ln' measure now o me house for action. C i r?csvr .-tt. wii, .-vev.. Mar. 7 Th manufacture and sale of near beer is Mron.oiteu in Nevada under a decision .....a,a aown this morning by the st.t oupreme court. T". . ..-age oy the senate of the anti cigarette measure was one of the big Rest surprises or the present legisla ure. ai no time had it been conFld . ,Uu.-iy Dy ,,s opponents. The measure as passed by the senate makes ii a misoemeanor and is considered un usually drastic. Comment at ih. 1 tol arter the senates action Indicated that the measure might meet defeat in me nouse. $500 OFFERED F0.T TALK Kuffulo Kindergarten I tody Want Mayor Hanson to Give Address. SEATTLE. Wash.. March 7. (Spe cial.) Mayor Hanson today received i teiegrara from the free kindergarten association asking him to address the annual convention of the association at oui.aio .March 22 lo 27. The associa tion offered him 1500 for one address on Americanism." Xf . 1 r . K.niDii is still confined to his " W1,n vere attack of neuritis .... y ,,, lc, ot HO wc, fo(Jav with considerable swelling in the right ALLIES GET MORE LOANS i . J. I urns Over XI78.000.O00 fop t"e of Euro pea ii Nations. W isntvnTov , ..,,, , ne treas ury today established new credits of tl8.onn.no for the Ozeeho-Sla vs. 4A . 000.000 for Belgium. $100.000 000 foV ranre ant 20.0O0.0O0 for Itali nuk ing a total of IMn.657.ono credit, fo. nil mo allies to date. T-V. . 1 . na-j.ia v s aggregate credit. now amount to $10,000,000, while Bel gium nas obtained from the United Elates JJS.lii.OOC; France J:.517.477 V 000 and Italy $1,403,000,000. INDEX OF TODAY'S NEWS The Vaher. TrSTFRnai-S Maximum temperature 4 nea-r minimum. .1t itrrr. TODA V Main incrrjjona: w Inda. aoutheaaterly "oreign. Oerman. ln:w? e? cua Ira.mc alilpa. r...- 4 nt-e before re- Ruaaia. aha aid to rruih red. Pare 'J. PoMeina; of Aala dlsriiMfd. ran s. " Vatxl auppllea m-lll pour Into Austria. Pt ;o .nr reporter Killed n ramp. 1 e 1. rlotlns In Welsh Americana readv for ftrdera Berlin. Vmgc 1. io march t NatlonaL Cab s-txure declare) move m sovertiment o.n.rvlilp. Pace 1. Result of election PennajWanla rral.lent. Pat. . promote pteasea Kt-atoratinn or pre-r export and import r, li V Mini I - Lranlela and Hiker lo follow Kurope. Pars 3. Wilaon tft tmnetie. Republicans open campaign. Paso 1 nowera hlda New York derensaa. Pane I. Republican, name aeven committees. Paae & Sport a. Blue, left-handed first-aacker. aceepta Port land terms. Psa 14. Boxing commission a offr to "Spud, phy expire. toia)-. Pace 14. 11 ur- rarlfle Northwemt. Appropriation cuta In Idaho undecided Pace it. End of shipyard strike expected. Pace 1. Ben W. oleott takes oath aa governor Pai:e 12. Washington feara breach of faith wj'h Ore. son. pare T. Commercial and Marine. Grain bar market opens in Pacific north. west. Pace 21. Concrete, barge to be built for flshina Pace SI. ' Corn and oats higher on wron; prediction aa to government report- Pane 1. Advance In Wail-aireet ato.-k market con- tinuea. Pace ?t. J i ortland and Virtnitr. Tr0pae"l 16"J "1lncnt srrtve'm Portland. Weather report, data and foreciaat. Pace saie to aid relief Page -2. drl e. Lumbermen foresee Improved Pace 1. Condi tiona. Hood r.lver woman's Paso 20. body recovered. 1-1 sht over free beds Washington. Page for soldiers carried to Stat chamber Indorses road Paso 1G. programme. State commission lets two contracts for htch- war work. Paste 12. Chamber director, indorse road programme. OLD THIRD OREGON HERPES WELCDMEO Dinner and Dance Feature of Entertainment. ALL PORTLAND SEES PARADE Thousands Cheer as Train Ar rives at Station. OVERSEAS VOYAGE IS TOLD Mother... Mmiw A I Wir and .v , ,-ct heart -Emotion a-. Hie r.oj . Ight I'roiu Coaclu--. or been ill the homerm1Sf there hs none more eacerlv tici.....j than that of the firM co,,,inBent of the "Id Third Oregon, and there has bee,, no greater welcome ,,, ,hi,, t!io,e lronzed fighter, re.-eived as thev -wng off the train i 7:.sn o'clock la't The darkening shadows of lte even ing served in many inManvcs to con ceal the outburst of unchecked emo tions of mothers, wives, usters ai.,1 brothers, who so bravely Mood the grief of heparation. The special troop train carrying five ofifcers and 217 men steamed into the union station 50 minutes later than scheduled, but the hundreds of Fort landers at the depot and along the line of march would have waited a we-k to pay homage to these game lads. Wsb.Hr, (.he Mann I. Aboard the rattler were 70 Oregon men of the l2d infantry (old Third Oregon). 45 members of the 116tli engi neers (old Oregon engineers). 0 fight ers or the lSlst Infantry (old Second Washington). 27 North Dakota na tional guardsmen. 13 Montana national guardsmen and two men of the 117th engineers who hail from the north west. Every whistle In Tortl.nd shrieke.l as the train pulled across the steel bridge. The men have been 14 months abroad. Several are wounded. Orrierrs In the party Tollow: Major I. K. Westheftcr. Indiana. medical corps, who will return to Camp rix Captain John W. Grant, mess officer IStth Infantry; Captain II. I. Keenex ' I ortland. medical corps. gtB back J., tamp Plx: First Lieutenant L. 11 vompton. &alem. and Lieutenant J. V. nur. aa., t.rccnwood land. avenue. Tort- V rleomed at Tretmldale. The general reception and welfare committees which met the train at Troutd.tlc were composed of City Com missioners Rlgelow. Rarhur and Ter klna. t'hairman Overbeck. Secretary Berg. Major M. n. Marccllus. William Rcldt and KriEadier-cleneral Oiarlrs F Her be representing the governor. Commissioner Rlgelow . acting for Mayor Raker, handed Lieutenant s.-h-n th. krv to tho city The parade was under wav at o'clork. Hundred of Portland folk rheered ,n Parade proceeded from the sta tion up 4ixth street to Iliaan streei Jlisan to Third street and Third t-trer- to the auditorium. Ij,st nights pro cession was not of the nature of past reception parades. The men marched in column of squa.ls with relatives and friends and troJj or Portland rolV rollowing In the rear. The Multnomah Guard band lead the enthusiastic horde. M nklral omhera Vtrmnr. Song Leader Jenkins, of the Touitst Men's Christian association, lead the crowd at the auditorium in rommunit singing. William R. Boone played the organ as the battlers entered and wa. relieved later by Professor Frederick W. Ooodrlch. Mrs. Fred L. Olson. Miss May (Jeorge and Mrs. Herman Politr. rang. T. T. Strain was in charge of the dance. The Oregon hoys of the 162d in last night's party are members of com panies P. L and M They are cn route from' Camp Merritt. the remainder of the men coniinsr from famn t Wrightstown. N J.. Along with the regular organigatinns was a Camii li casual company which contained a few Oregon and Washington men. Lieu tenant Compton was In command of the l2d detail, the rest of the men aboard being under tho orders of Lieutenant Schur. The Montana national cuards. men served with the 163d infantry regi ment w hile the North Dakota chaps are of the ISth. The entire partv w a rt or the personnel or the 41st divi sion. Kereaat loa. W las l'ralaie. Five or six different "overseas desig nations are on the shoulders or that many different groups. Lots of the men bear the, mark ot the sunt-ct divi- ion which is a pretty dc&ign com posed or the setting sun in yellow color on a field ot red. Receptions and welcomes may h- given. rorever. but this one will live long in the memory of these men." said Lieutenant Schur last niirht. -I iaih to thank my fellow Portlandcrs for this great ovation and I am misrhtv roud to be from Portland. ' Upon arrival at the Auditorium th rogramme scheduled was run off. Six hundred seats were reserved at he front of the auditorium for the verseas men. The opening rercmomc were brief, so that the dance arranged in trio south wing or the building could be commenced quickly. Clever stunt. A.av l,-'ouv.;udcu va l'Bo 1. V.'u.ujua J.