lO THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, FRIDAY. OCTOBER 11, 1918. POBI1A.ND, OREGON. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PKJSS3 The Associated Press Is exclusively entl tlsd to the use for republication of all new. dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited to this paper, and also the local news published herein. All rights of republication of special dis patches herein are alo reserved. Enters! at Portland fOreson) Poatoffic. as Eecond-ciass mail matter. Subscription rates Invariably In advance: (By Mail.) rlly, Sunday Included, one year . . .$9-n ratiy, Sunday included, six months .... 4.-'r iJally. Sunday Included, three month.. --S Iaily, Sunday Included, one month .... .75 Iaily, without Funday. one yea.r ...... 6.i'0 iJaily. u-ithout Sunday, aix months .... S.-Ti I'aily. without Sunday, one month ..... " Weekly, one year l-"0 Sunday, one year r"?' Sunday and weekly 3.oG (By Carrier.) Pally. Sunday Included, one year ...... $0.0t 1-iaily, Sunday included, one month 75 lally, Sunday included, three months.. 2.-5 IJally. without Sunday, one year 7. NO Liaily, without Sunday, three months... 1. Liaily. without Sunday, one month 65 How to Remit Send postoffice money or der, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at own er's risk. Give postoffice address In full, in cluding county and state. Portage Kate. 12 to 16 pages, 1 cent; 38 to 3- pages. 2 cents: 34 to 48 pages, 3 cents: t0 to 60 pages, 4 cents: 62 to 76 pages, 5 cents; 7S to S'J pages, tt cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Business Office Verree & Conk lin, Brunswick building. "ew York; Verree & Conklin, Steger building, Chicago; Verree & Conklin, Free Press building, Uetrolt. Mich.; San Francisco representative, R. J. BidwelL PORTLAND, FRIDAY, OCT. 11, 1918. IMPOSITIONS. It is opportune to remind the peo ple of Oregon that In the midst of the larger and more absorbing interest necessary to successful prosecution of the war there are certain oivic duties that must be performed. An election is but little more than three weeks away. The voters are called upon to elect a United States Senator, a Governor, 'Representatives in Congress, two justices of the Su preme Court, a Legislature and cer tain state and district and county of ficers. Out of a doubtful wisdom, born of interest in economy, the people lately voted to combine city and state elec tions. Thereby is added to the duties of the elector the task of choosing two Commissioners for the city of Port land. The same combination of elections brings about the necessity of submit ting charter amendments and ordi nances at the same time that state and county officers are elected and state laws and constitutional amendments are passed upon. This year with their other burdens the voters of Portland will be asked to approve a bond issue of $5,000,000 for port improvements. They will be asked again to pass upon the two platoon system for the fire depart ment, now presented as a war emer gency measure. In addition to these tasks, conditions have complicated the state election. The vacancy on the Supreme Bench caused by the death of Justice Moore must be permanently filled. No can didate can have his name printed on the ballot. Therefore the voters must acquaint themselves with the spell ing of names and with the unusual formality that must be observed in such circumstances. The interim appointment of Sena tor Olson, of Portland, to this vacancy causes a similar condition on the state Senatorial ballot. There, too, the names must be written in by the voters interested. There are some election duties that should not be avoided or slacked. There is no way to fill elective offices except by election. Charter amend ments can be adopted only by vote of the people. linough appears in the list given to consume all the attention that the voter can spare from occupation or business, from war activities and from that interest in the war in general which, as al ready indicated, must be maintained to insure a proper morale among the forces at home. But in addition to all these neces sary duties there is the state ballot of measures. There are six bills. Two were submitted by the Legislature, two are laws passed by the Legisla ture and referred to the people by pe tition, and two are laws proposed by initiative petition. Not one of them has justification for its submission at this time, thotigh in behalf of the two referred by the Legislature it is safe to say that they would not have been referred had the Legislature foreseen that the country would at this time be at war. . .-.i. - The first measure on the ballot proposes to establish two additional normal schools. The money appropri ated is not to be expended until after the war, under a pledge of the normal board appearing in the pamphlet. It seems to follow, therefore, that the people or the Legislature can just as well take up the matter after the war. The second measure appropriates $200,000 to establish a home for de pendent, delinquent and defective children. The plan for establishing this school is disapproved by numer ous qualified students of social prob lems. The bill is seriously defective. The third, a referendum, brings up the old question of regulating fish ing in the Rogue River. It has been decided once by the people and re opened twice by the Legislature. It is a local issue on which the voters cannot hope to inform themselves. The fourth, another referendum, pertains to the closing of the Wil lamette River to commercial fishing below Oswego. It is another issue on which the people would have the greatest difficulty in intelligently in forming themselves. Characteristic of such issues ate two statements pre pared by opponents of this measure and printed in the official pamphlet. These statements are flatly denied in a letter from the United States Bureau of Fisheries, printed in The Oregonian today. The fifth is an initiated bill that does not directly concern the taxpay ers at large. It proposes to dispense with the public notice of tax delin quencies, now made after failure of the property owner to respond to mail notice. The published notice is paid for by the individual delinquent. The sixth and last seeks to regulate the prices which newspapers shall charge individuals for certain forms of advertising, and has its inspiration in a newspaper quarrel. In all the list there is not one issue or rretended issue that could not bet ter be adjusted or settled by the Legis lature. In all the list there Is not one measure of sufficient immediate importance to justify a recommenda tion to the voters that they spend time needed for other affairs and in other duties to study it. The Oregonian will from time to time have more to say- about these bills, but because they are one and all measures distinctly in the class upon which the people employ a Legisla- ture to pass after full hearing and investigation. The Oregonian now ad vises the voters to make up their minds to register a general vote of "no" and devote their attention to Congressional and state and county offices, and to the Important amend ments that 'will appear on the city is this qualification: A vote of "yes" sustains the Legislature on a law referred by petition and is a re buke to the petitioners. A vote of "no" sustains them. Both of the fish ing controversies, it may be assumed, will appear In the next Legislature re gardless of the outcome of the elec tion. They are long-standing quarrels that will not down. They affect a comparatively small number of peo ple. They have been "settled" time and again, only to crop out at the next opportunity. Regarding the fish bills. the voter may go it blind if he prefers. He may vote "no" or "yes" or forget them altogether without affecting the issues to a great extent. They prom ise to be always with us. On all others the old injunction When in doubt vote no" has a stronger force this year than ever be fore. TOO MCCII PROSPERITY. It is an unpopular doctrine to preach that anyone can be ruined by material prosperity, but it is up to the 'work slackers to prove by their actions that it is not so. The estimate that efficiency in war work is depreciated 14 per cent by failure of men to work full time who are wholly able to do so does not seem unreasonable to the observer. If high wages undermine the patriotism of these workers they do not deserve them.' Those who are working only half time because they can satisfy their simple wants with half their full-time wages are missing the point of the call for the whole man power of the coun try. The Hog Island shipyard, which made every provision for the comfort, convenience and entertainment of its men which experts could devise, is a recent striking example. It fell far short of its expected output because large numbers of the men on its pay roll absented themselves from work incessantly. Full time from every man able give it must be insisted upon. to LOOK OUT TOR TRAPS. The rumor that the Kaiser has ab dicated will be received with more than the usual, measure of reserve. Its Swedish origin will not save it. There will be lyialespread belief among the wary, who are acquainted with German methods, that the ru mor js part of a plan to fool the gul lible, to cause a letting down of war activities, to slow up subscriptions to the fourth liberty loan, and in general to create a dangerous state of over- confidence. It is encouraging to observe that the Army is paying no attention to rumors of any kind. Some of the hardest blows of the whole war are being struck while the German states men are pleading for delay and set ting the stage for an armistice and. no doubt, secretly preparing to reor ganize their military resources. Similarly, the people at home should continue to disregard every as pect of the situation except the one task of winning the war. The abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm alone would not amount to a great deal, anyway. To make democracy safe will require the abdication of the entire dynasty of Hohenzollerns, but that will not be all. Deposition of the whole tribe of exponents of "kul- tur" will be insisted on. And before this Is brought about, the military caste may be expected to make at ieast one more stand. About this time, to paraphrase the language of the almanac look out for treachery on the part of Germany. CHECKING THE EPIDEMIC. The epidemic of influenza, contin ues to take tragic toll. It is a double tragedy because those most subject to attack are persons in "early matur ity," which means between the ages of 18 and 30 years, who are at the very zenith of their careers. The period of preparation for the duties of life has almost passed: they are about to enter upon the years when they will be most useful to their fellow men. Why the malady should exer cise a preference for them at this time is a question that scientists have not answered. Nor have all their precau tions been sufficient to prevent its spread. The best that they now hope for is that it shall be prevented from becoming "explosive," and shall be kept within bounds and gradually overcome. The fact that these epidemics usu ally have their foci in the congested centers of population furnishes us with our best hint as to its control." This is that avoidance of crowds is the one best factor of prudence. A to whether schools should be closed depends upon circumstances. The New York health authorities, who have borne the brunt of this year's epidemic, now hold that whether chil dren congregate in the schools or on the streets makes little difference in the danger of infection. If general assemblies in schools be avoided, how ever, and classrooms are not over crowded and plenty of ventilation is given and children are instructed in the rudimentary principles of hygiene, it is regarded as possible even to check the spread of the disease, where unrestrained playing together at home would only make matters worse. This is a problem for each city to deter mine 'for itself and its solution de pends upon how the classes are handled. The reason why influenza epidemics nearly always have originated in the Kast and traveled toward the West probably is that the inhabitants of the Far Kast are most gregarious and least enlightened as to matters of san itation. No definite periodicity is as sociated with the disease, but his torians believe that the worst epi demics occur about once in a genera tion, having in each instance approxi mately exhausted the supply of sus ceptible victims in the preceding one The last previous great epidemic orig inated in Bokhara In May, 1889, had reached St. Petersburg by October, Paris by November and London by December. It reached its maximum in January. 1890. Sporadic recurrences were noted in April and May, 18 91, and in 1901, but these were not com parable with the greater preceding visitation, or with the present one. There is a sound basis for the pleas antry which credits Oregonians with a sudden access of good spirits when the rains set in. These rains lay the dust and are unaccompanied by winds which help to disseminate germs, and they prevent children from playing in crowds on the streets. Such meas ures alone constitute a rather effi cient quarantine against the bacillus which makes all the trouble In Influ enza. Jt is a kind of quarantine which can be enforced In principle by pri vate action and if all will observe It there will be no cause for serious; alarm. THIRTT MESCTES FOR LO'CHEON. There Is special point in the ques tion, addressed to women by Anne Lewis Pierce, a writer In the New York Tribune: "Would you rather have indigestion yourselves or live with a man that has it?" The text of her article is a recent discussion In Wisconsin of the length of time that women workers should have for luncheon. The doctors have agreed. it seems, that "the meal period of women employes should be not lees than an hour," that forty-five minutes will do, but that "thirty minutes is unanimously condemned as prejudicial to the life, health, and welfare of women employes." This encountered the objection that in many lines of industry men were allowed only thirty minutes for lunch eon and that It would cause great confusion to give women twice as long. Hence the question asked by Airs. Pierce, who believes that the women themselves would answer, if there were no alternative, that they would rather bear the physical than the mental anguish. But, there being no known difference between the digestive sys tem of the male and that of the fe male, it would be better for all con cerned that the luncheon hour be ex tended in both cases. Authorities seem to agree upon the point that whore one eats with great deliberation, a smaller amount of food is consumed. It is admitted that many of us eat more than is required to nourish our bodies. The practice of bolting food results In stowing away an unnecessary amount of it before the feeling of repletion is produced which is taken as the signal of the satisfac tion of hunger. The late Dr. Kletcher and Oliver Wendell Holmes expressed the thought in their different ways, the latter with his "one bite for each tooth" theory furnishing a conven iently arbitrary rule for prolonging the meal hour, and the former laying more stress upon thorough mastication than upon the time consumed, btrt arriving at the same goal. Both were efficient food conservers. It is to be hoped that the women will stand out for time enough in which to eat their luncheons, in suffi cient quantity, and decently and in order. It is a good time to make the fight, because they are just entering into Industry on a large scale and we are filled with concern for their wel fare. They are in a position to win concessions which men would not dare to ask for, but if there is any ques tion of the relative treatment of women and men, the leveling should be up and not down. As Mrs. Pierce suggests, the health of men is "quite as essential to the health of the race as that of women." Persuading the men to use the additional time foi eating, rather than ' for smoking an other pipe, however, may. be an en tirely different matter. DISASTER THREATENS THE HCN. The defensive line which Germany fortified on the soil of France has crumbled before the ceaseless blows of the American, French and British armies, and two great breaches have been made in it. One in the much vaunted Hlndenburg line extends from north of Cambrai tb south of St. Quentin.- It is already far east, of the line running north and south through Lille and Douai and is fast extending eastward. In conjunction with the . Belgian advance northeast of Ypres to Roulers it leaves those two cities in a deep salient, from which retirement of the Germans be comes increasingly difficult as the al lies advance and gain possession of more railroads. A narrower breach has been madest by the Americans and French in the Kreimhild line between Rheims and Verdun, and it is daily widened and deepened. For the first time in four years Rheims is out of range of the Hun artillery, a proof of the height ened power of French artillery and of the resistless valor of French infan try, few they had not hitherto been able to budge the enemy from the forts on the ring of heights which com mand the city. On the north they have driven the enemy across the Aisne and on the east across the Suippe. Farther east they have ad vanced in line with the Americans, who have practically cleared the Ar- gonne forest of the enemy and have hammered their way northward on both sides of the Meuse. They have freed Verdun from artillery fire on the north for the first time since the great assault of February and March, 1916, and extension of their drive eastward would free it on the east also, and would carry them to the heart of the Briey iron district and to the German frontier. These advances both north and east of Laon have shaken the enemy's hold on the great elbow which swings aroUnd that city on a precipitous hill Le Cateau and Bohain being under British artillery fire, he has lost use of the railroad which runs from Na- mur through Valenciennes to the Oise at La Fere, and the allies need advance only five miles further to gain the road from Namur through Charleroi. Equal progress of the French and Americans in Champagne would carry them to the line from Mezieres and along the Upper Aisne The Germans would then have only two main lines of railroad into Laon and the salient, so that they would have to retreat from it with all haste and to make the utmost use of these remaining roads in order to escape en velopment. If they should be caught, a disaster would befall them equal to any which was suffered by the Rus sians or to those of Sedan and Metz in 1870. Hundreds of thousands of men would be killed or captured, the center would bo cut out of the Ger man line and the allies could pour through the gap practically unhin dered to outflank the two wings and destroy them, to recover Belgium and to invade Germany. The danger of such a catastrophe explains the desperation with which the Germans have defended both wings of their widely bulging line Military prudence would dictate short ening and straightening the line by withdrawing from the salient, but fear of the political consequences in Germany has led them to hang on to the limit of safety. As the British and Americans about Cambrai have now reached open country, their cav. airy has come into action and will cut down the enemy, while tanks will crush their machine gun posts. As the Americans and French east Rheims have a more rugged and wooded country before them, thei progress is likely to be slower, bu there is a good prospect that the Hun has outstayed the limit of safety. If the allies should not completely sur round him they are likely to narrow the neck of the bottle to the point where they can bring to bear on him a concentrated artillery fire from both sides as he crawls out. Not much of an army would then escape. If the Germans should pull back in time to avoid this disaster they might make a temporary stand on 0 subsi diary line before Valenciennes, but they would find no strong, defensible line west of the Scheldt and Meuse rivers. To reach it they must aban don practically all of occupied France and all of Western Belgium, which would be an undeniable confession of defeat, fraught with grave conse quences to the army's morale and to the political situation in Germany and Austria. The Americans also are astride the Meuse north of Verdun, are pushing along it and might ex tend their front of attack to the fron tier, so as to outflank this new line. One thing may save the Kaiser from the disaster suggested if all else should fail bad weather. He would do well to pray with superfervency to his good old German Gott whose heathen name was Odin to send rain and snow, with violent storms. CLOTHING FOB THE BELGIANS. It may be that Portland people have fallen short of furnishing their quota of worn clothing for the Belgians for the excellent reason that -previous cam paigns have been so thorough that the stock has been nearly exhausted, and it probably is true that they are wear ing their old clothes much more gen erally than formerly. But it is likely, also, that there is some lark of appre ciation of the necessities of the situa tion. If it were understood that, as Herbert Hoover put It recently, some millions of refugees in Belgium and Northern France "aro facing shame. suffering and some of them death for lack of clothing this Winter," there would be such a searching of cleeets and attics as there never has been DCTOre. ea The business of obtaining clothing for these people infringes in no man ner on the liberty loan campaign or any other "drive," past, present or prospective. The Red Cross, under whose direction it is being conducted. is not asking for money at this time. Portland's quota of fifty tons has seemed not unreasonable. In all the circumstances, and the announcement that it has been only one-tenth com pleted with the close of the week is frankly disappointing. The campaign should have ended yesterday, but it will be extended to give all who can do so an opportunity to contribute. The people of Belgium are asking for only the bare necessaries of life. The letter of a woman in Brussels, formerly well-to-do, to a friend in the United States which is quoted by the ndianapolis News, visualizes graphic ally the situation of the more fortu nate. It says: Perhaps you wilt laugh when you hear hat I wear a cloak' made from my hus band's garde civbiue overcoat, a waist made from a football shirt and a tsklrt made of a dyed bedsheet. Mother had a suit made of the tablecloth. J and M have cloaks made of blankets and S has a dress made of burlap. But all this Is only amusing, by comparison with the wretched ness of the population. After all, we remain calm and confident of victory. It Is not this portion of the popula tion, reduced to making its clothing from bedsheets, table cloths and bur. ap, that we are now asked to aid. Makeshift as it is, such clothing is serving a purpose. But these people are the "well-to-do" of Belgium and Northern France. The ordinary folks, the refugees, in overwhelming num bers, the children, undernourished and threatened with a score of the mala dies of childhood, need all the help that can be given them. It must be remembered that there is hardly a castoff garment in the pos session of an American but will serve some good purpose. Not only cloth ing, but blankets and mufflers, are in demand. Let there be no hoarding of old clothes, or, which is Just as serious from the viewpoint of practical relief. no apathy toward the needs of our suffering friends across the sea. Let the overhauling of trunks and bureaus and chests of drawers be begun at once. If somebody had told Darius Green, who made the flying machine long ago, that one day a piano would do carried across the Channel in an air plane, the Yankee enthusiast would have responded, "Of course! Long trousers instead of breeches are to be worn by American soldiers abroad, but they are to be tighter around the lower eg than the old Army trousers, as legglns are to be worn over them. The riveter who earns $64 in eight hours cannot keep the gait a week or a month or a year. That is the law of compensation. But the plug who hits it slow and steady is the boy who gets there. Dufur is not a large town and Its quota was $80,000. It went over $90 000, 30 per cent of its deposits. Sup pose the big cities took on at that rate would McAdoo be worried? The Harney County News prints the Republican ticket at the head of its editorial page, with the line: "Why Make a Change at This Time?" That query is good everywhere. Another policeman has, been dis missed for unbecoming conduct. The bad actors do not last in the bureau that is one of the prides of Portland. When a soldier stands at salute. especially at night, give him the ride. He may be in a hurry to get back. It is worth the chance. The curfew limit is 18 years, yet many of 16 are wiser than those of 20. I.aw makes no distinction, how ever. The belligerents will not sit around a table discussing peace terms. The Hun will sit outside with the office boy. Death from the "flu" cannot be ascribed to alcohol in the system There's "no such thing no more." If you think you have all the bonds you want, buy another for a Christ mas present to yourself. Boxing is to become a municipal function, and that gives it a standing in decent entertainments. The "flu" travels through the mouthpiece of the telephone. Quit talking so much. A cold in the head is not the real thing, but there's no telling what may develop. The war is not over, so glass a little more salmon while the glassing i good. Constant and continuous smoking ought to stall the flu." . Those Who Come and Go. When L H. Tarpley returned to the Multnomah Hotel yesterday from a trip to his Washington County property he found letters from his eons who aro with the American Kxpeditionary Forces in France, and in the letters was related the story of how the two brothers met over there without a mu tual recognition. Don Tarpley ia a Lieutenant in the Engineers and Is sta tioned about 60 miles from his brother. Ford, who ia an Interpreter. The Lieu tenant happened in at the camp where the interpreter was engaged. The In terpreter stepped up to his brother, gave a smart salute and asked for news from the family home. Lieutenant Tarpley. failing to recognise the brother he had r.ot seen in two years, did not quite understand the Interest displayed In his private affairs by a stranger and the interpreter had to re count some of his boyhood experiences to identify himself. Rer. Cornelius Mahar. while in Port land on a visit from Wood burn yester day, received a telegram informing him of his commission as a Chaplain, witii the rank of First Lieutenant, and in structing him to report to the com manding Officer at Camp Lewis Im mediately. Rev. Father Mahar was formerly a pastor in Portland, but Is now located at St. Luke's Church, Woodburn. James F. Burgess, register of the United States Land Office at Klamath Falls, was a Portland visitor yesterday. Sam Garland, of Lebanon. State Sena tor, was attending the war work con vention at the Multnomah yesterday. The Senator is afflicted with a cold which he contracted while shooting China pheasants last Sunday. Walter H. Lee, president of Albany College, is a Portland visitor. Mrs. George I'lavel and daughter. Miss Nellie Flavel, are registered from Astoria at the Portland. E. V. Carter, a prominent banker of Ashland, and formerly a Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Oregon Legislature, is a guest at the Imperial or a few days. Mr. Carter says his county Is practically on a war chest basis. A. H. Powers, a big logging operator in the Coos Bay district, is at the Multnomah. This trip Mr. Powers is not looking for woodsmen, as he has finally secured a crew that he can rely on. They are directed by officers of the Army. W. C. Dickie, of Kansas City, a widely-known politician, is at the Hotel Portland. Ben F. Jones, who has served many terms in the Legislature and is a can didate for Representative from Lincoln County, is among the guests at the Imperial. Frank H. Benson, of San Jose, Cal., a State Senator, arrived at the Portland yesterday. He has recently returned from the western front as ar "Y" secre tary. Hugh McLaln, postmaster at Marsh- field, registered at the Imperial yester day. He leaves for home this morning. Mr. McLain came to Portland for the conference on the war work drive. Herbert P. Welch, a Lakevlew at torney, is in the city and is very cheer ful over the record that Lake County made in the, fourth liberty loan. F. A McMenamin, formerly a Deputy County Clerk in Portland, but now practicing attorney at Heppner, is In the city on a, business trip. C. K. Hudson, i business man of Coos Bay. is here on the Benson. . short visit and is James J. Donegan. of Burns, who handled the fourth liberty loan in his county, which contains 10. 000 square miles, is at the Imperial. He has a son ill in PoUland. WHY PROFESSION 19 ABANDONED School Teachers Find Other Work Far More ltemuaeratlve. PORTLAND, Oct. 10. (To the" EdI tor.) I notice in Mr. A. Dippell's letter of October 4 that he complains that the "well-paid school teachers are clamor lng for more pay"; that "they are the best-paid servants for the hours of labor that we have," and that they are 'never satisfied." If they are so well paid I wonder how Mr. Dlppell explains the plea of the United Slates Commissioner of Educa tion for more young people to enter training for teaching, as he says the Untied States Is faced by a serious shortage of teachers, owing to the fact that so large a per cent of trained teachers have left the profession to enter better-paid lines of work. And I wonder why some of the schools of Oregon have been unable to open owing to lack of teachers, and why the superintendents are urging high school girls to take the positions if teaching Is so well paid. It may be because teachers, after years of training and experience in the work, are wondering if it pays when they see girls in their 20s esrnlng mors after two or three years In an office than they ever have aa "well-paid aerv- nts of the people." The short hours of a teaching day seem to act as the proverbial red rag In the eyes of so many taxpayers. It Is true that they are apparently short, but the public never realises the time spent in preparation for the daily work. nor the hours after school given to the correction of papers and the necessary clerical work. Some teachers do not give time to such work? True, some workmen loaf on every job, but that is no reason, why the pay of the whole class should be kept down. Rather, tne inefficient and the slackers should be dismissed and the honest workers re warded. In many other lines of work where the strain Is great the working day Is very short. Who ever hears com plaint because workers in the furnace rooms of great steel works, for In stance, receive good pay for only a few hours of work a day? It Is conceded that the workers could not endure a longer day. How many mothers hsve been heard to say how thankful they were when school began so that they could get rid of their children for a few hours a day, as they just "set them crasy" while at home! What about the teacher who must be ehut up in a room with 40, whom she must not only keep in order, but profitably employed, for even those short hours? How msny of the able-bodied male taxpayers would be willing to do the same for even the overlarge wage that the teacher Is now getting? Ask any nerve spe cialist if teaching is not the hardest work that any woman can do. I wonder if the taxpayers would pre fer to pay their teachers a bare living wage with the privilege later of taxing themselves for her support in her old sge! Why should a teacher not be al lowed a sufficient wage to enable her to provide for her old age, as any other self-respecting worker is expected to do? No objection is made to the pay of Janitors, who, without the teachers' years of training, draw more than she. A PUBLIC, SCHOOL TEACHER. Yes, Time Is Money. Boston Transcript. Irats Parent You can get rid of money faster than any man I know. Son True. dad. but listen: By getting rid of it quickly 1 save lots of time, and time, you know, is money. DAIRY FARMER IS HARD FRF.SSEuI I Net O.e. but Three Bad Season.. Wise Out C'haare of Pnltl. CERES, Wash., Oct. . (To the Edi tor.) Being a farmer's wife. I think I am about as well qualified to write on the dairy situation as any city dweller. W have had not one, but three, unfavorable seasons, this year being the worst In the :s years the writer has lived on the Coast. ' The most of us are trying to Im prove the. quality of our herds, and to do so we mwt raise calves each year. These calves must be well fed at least two years before they return us on? dollar and the cows giving milk must ray for the feed of the entire herd Those who did not sell their vounr stock last Fall fed their herds at a loas last year. An acquaintance eold his emir- herd lately to pay for hay bought last Winter, taxes and Interest on his niortKafte. We had no pastune for over three months this Summer, snd began feed-ins- our scant crop of hay as soon as cut. some feeding it for green feed, trusting to a good rain to make a second crop and Kail pasture. tillage crops will not average 40 per cent of normal. Taxes and interest must be paid or the farms taken from us. If the ret returns from milk will not pay these, the cows must go to the butchers. No one wants milcb cows. People living In the cities, workinc eight hours a day. with half-bollda a Saturday, Sunday to rest and receiving front two to five limes the waces they did two years ago. striking for more and shorter hours, need not preach patriotism to others. Tha bovs overseas wouldn't set to Germany very last ir iney worked that way. snd don't lose sight of the tact that the majority get only 130 a month. A Brigadier-General receives less than many of our shipyard workerei who are exempt from military duty. i no Oregonian states the Govern. ment wage for a waitress and dish washer In a camn of not more than men Is $95 a month. My husband spent IS years In logsrlng camps before nuying tnis farm and is capable of drawing from $10 to $15 per day at present wages. Some patriotic person, please, coma rent this farm of 90 acres of fine bottom land, with its 40 head of fine llnlstelns. An eight-hour day camp foreman ani waitress would te a vacation for us after averaging 14 hours a day. seven days in the week. for 12 years. We would soon have no intenest to pay. I might then boast of a $20 pair of shoes, a $40 hat and $150 coat. We might have a week's vacatloji once a year. too. Or we will sell the Place if you want It. ELIZABETH CHAM BERLIN. V. S. FISHERIES BtRrl.il' PROTESTS l awarraated Statements Made la Nega tive Ararnmrat la Voter's Pamphlet. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, Oct. I- (To the Editor.) The United States bureau of fisheries desires to Invite the special attention of the people of Oiegon to "A Measure" which will ap pear on the official ballot under Nos. .106 and .1c7 "Referred Bill-Referendum Ordered by Petition of the People," which refers to the -"Closing of the Willamette River to commercial fish lng south of Oswego." Jt is not the intention of the bureau to comment upon the merits of the pro posetl amendment, which may be bene ficial or otherwise, to be determined. The argument (negative) in the pamph let issued by the Secretary of State to the people of Oregon contains the fol lowing statement: so many of the fish die below the falls inai persons nave to be' hired to remove mem oerore the hot weather comes to pro tect the health of the community. uurina- July. l!s. t least 7.1 tons of salmon periKlierl itclow the f.i::s by reason ot tne river beinr closed between the sus pension bride and the fulls, and this, in these war times, is an absolute crime. To adit to this crime the destruction of an ad ditional 1'itO tons should not be tolerated by me people 01 tne state. In connection with the above this bureau has been interested in making a study of various fishways throughout the country and one of its officials h been In close touch with the situation which obtains at Willamette Falls, near Oregon City. His report on the matter states that from the inception of this fishway changes have been made from time to time, which have greatly increased Its value and that Improvements of a high ly intelligent and successful nature have been completed within the past 1 - months. His personal investigation at the time the run of salmon passed Oregon City and the run of fish that ia being held at the state hatcheries on the upper reaches of the Willamette, conclusively demonstrate the success of the fishway. The fishway and the river Immediately below were visited repeat edly at various stages of the run of fish snd the official referred to ex pressed amazement at the results being obtained. Each trip was made by boat and though he observed closely, he did not see a single carcass and but very few slightly scarred fish. This evi dence as to the success of the fishway is totally at variance with the statement in the negstive argument, namely, that at least 75 tons ot salmon perished be low the falls, rurther, the argument referred to contains this statement: The hatcheries on the Upper "Willamette Klver have alwaya had mora salmon th they could spawn, and this measura has not come from any demand by the author ities in charse of salmon propasatlon. The natural spawn of the fish not taken care of by the hatcheries cannot return to th ocean because of the dam at the falls, which forces them through the water wheels and they are killed. The fish have been Increasing year by year, which demonstrates that this meaaure la not needed for their protection. In commenting on this attention is called to the efforts which were put forth by the bureau of fisheries several years ago to extend the Spring close season so as to permit quantities of this run of salmon to reach the spawn lng grounds. In order to build up the then almost depleted run of Spring salmon. The take of eggs at that time In the Upper Willamette was ex tremely small. During recent years tha egg collections hsve increased percep tibly, but at no time have they been considered beyond the number desired or required to absolutely insure proper conservation and the upbuilding of this particular run of fish. When the fish aro sufficiently plentiful over snd above the capacity of all existing hatcheries, it would be desirable to permit the excess to spswn on the natural beds, so that natural and arti ficial propagation may work together, rather than to gauge the number per mitted to ascend to the spawning grounds by the cspaclty of the hatch eries alone. Up to the present time no scientific Investigation has been made to deter mine whether or not any of the young fish are destroyed In wheels at the falls at Oregon City on their way tb the ocean. It Is known that In many in stances these fish pass a portion of the first year of their existence in the streams in which they were hatched snd It is quite probable that they Journey to the ocean on normal water stages, which would mean that there is an arnre water supply for them to pass over the falls without being drawn Into the wheels. At any rate the fact that no evidence has been presented to show the destruction of these small fish, snd this fact, coupled with the Improved runs, would not tend to sub stantiate this claim. In view of the above the bureau con sidcrs unwarranted the argument to the effect that the hatcheries and spawning areas In the Upper Willam ette Btver are receiving more fish than they need and It Is not regarded as a waste to permit them to sscend to that part of the river. H. M. SMITH. Commissioner. In Other Day. TireatT-nts Tears Age. From The Oregonian. Oct. 11. 1S9J. The violent rain and wind storms' of the past few days have prostrated wires In all directions and have inter fered with the working of the long distance telephone to Spokane. It was In order and working nicely yesterdsy. and merchants and others were keep ing It busy. The storm wss severe all along the whole length of the line but caused no injury beyond temporary delay. This afternoon the first mstinee of rhe opera season will be given at Cord ay's theater by the Calhoun Opera Company and Mliloecker's "Black Hus sar" wiil be the attraction. Next week that most popular of all operas, Balfe'a beautiful "Bohemian Girl" will be ren dered. The election to Incorporate the city of Toledo has again been declared il legal by the county court of Lincoln County. The election notices were Ir regular. Mrs. John Drew and Company played "The Read to Ruin" last night to an audience not half as large as the merit of the performance deserved. Their presentation of Jloicroft's century-old comedy was one of tha richest Intel lectual treats Portland ever had an opportunity to enjoy. WHAT 42 YEAR. HIVE WKOtCHT Dlaeevery Day" Brlaga Thoughts ef C'oatraat Brtwera New aad The a. UNIVERSITY PARK. Or, Oct. 10. (To the Editor.) In view of Discovery day. October 12. appointed by the Presi dent, may the writer offer through The Oregonian a few thoughts suggested by the aayT How would the reader like to have Ived before 1492? The population of Europe had merely doubled itself for 1000 years, and out of every 25. one died. No lamps turned night Into day, r.o sewers carried away the filth of towna and cities, no fine siructures were seen In houses, and no carpets covered floors. The people in lirltsln livel on peas and the bark of trees, .tow and then a per son was rich enough to have meat for dinner once a week. The world had lchomy instead of chemistry, and as trology In the place of astronomy. Printing was sesreely an art, and there were no railways, no steamships, no telegraphs, no telephones, no books, no newspapers, and what little learning there was lay concealed in old monas teries. But mark the change! Compass! Discovery of America! Columbus had his share of Infirmi ties. He may have been a pii'"te. and he may have favored slsvery, but he discovered America. It may be said some other man would have made the discovery had not Columbus lifted a new world above the blue, but the fact remains ttiat he was first on the ground of a great continent. His Imperfections of character were not strange specta cles to the iige in which he lived. Not withstanding his faults he had the f;iith and the courage to cross the At- antic. unknown to him, as was Canaan to the first pilgrim father who went, not knowing whither he went, and time can not dim the luster of the achieve ment. Who cheered him forward? Nobody. Even the boys called him a. fool, and his native city sneered at his plans. He and his son, Diego, begged bread and water of La Rabida. Hut by and by a woman believed In him. That woman, capable sa Queen Elizabeth, without her haughty de meanor, looked upon Columbus th roue h her deep, blue eyes, and taking the Jewels from the crown she wore above her auburn bair, flung them to the Ad miral and said. "Go, and God be with you." snd he went, and won, and the monument that is his are the laughing rivers, the towering mountains, the vast forests, the acres of soil unsur passed In fertility, and the expanding populations of the two Americas, lie came westward. We go eastward over the same deep and through the same storms to carry what he brought to us. B. J. HOADLEY. I.arjreat t'lty aad Highest Mouatala. VANCOUVER. Wash, Oct. 9. (To the Editor.) (1) Which has the larger population, London or New York, latest figures? fS) Which is the higher mountain, Mt. Whitney (California) or ML Rainier (Washington), and what is the highest in the United States? 3 Does or did ever the United States Gov ernment issue pensions to ex-Confederate soldiers? A SPKL'CKR. (1) The 1911 census gave London a population of 4.522.964. The 1!10 census gave New York 4.776.SS3. The state census In New York In 1915 fixed the population then at 6.2S3.SS5. The 1917 estimate Is 5,717.492. (2) Mt, Whitney. 14.501 feet; Mt. Rainier 14.408. Mt. Whitney is the highest peak In the United States, not including Alaska, where ML McKlnley has an. altitude ot 20,100 feet. (3) It has not- Some Southern states have provided pensions for Confederate veterans. Sugar for Bets, MOHAWK. Or.. Oct. $. (To the Edi tor.) I see in The Oregonlsn October 7 where a gentleman from Taft, Or., Is complaining because Mr. Ladd, of Port land, secured 100 pounds of sugar to feed his bee. I wish to say that it was the proper thing to do, as 100 pounds of sugar will winter 10 or more late swarms of beea. which with a fair season next year wilt produce 5u0 pounds or more of honey. As for feeding syrup to bees for Win ter stores it Is a failure and will end In disaster for the bees whenever it isj fed for any length of time. By all means let the beekeepers have all the sugar they need for wintering bees. The sooner the people who can keep bees to produce 1 oney for their own needs realise this, the better off they will be and it will not take so much sugar as some may think. ERNEST NICHOLSON. Worth Is Appreciated. TWO RIVERS. Wash.. Oct. 5. (To the Editor.) You may be Interested to know, if you do rot already, what Dr. William Bradley Otis, Protessor of English at the University of the City of New York, said tfter his recent visit to the Coast In speaking of newspapers. The Ore gonian was mentioned and Dr. Otis told ine that he considered The Oronian the best on the Coast, if not West of the Mississippi. He said that in typo graphy, news stories, editorials and gen eral makeup. The Oregonian is far In advance of most that he has seen. Coming from one ss well-posted as he. this interested me and eo I am pat-sing the good word along. M. P. PUGH. Opinions ot the Worthy Tteflected. VANCOUVER. Wssh.. Oct. 8. (To the Editor.) Permit me to express my un qualified appreciation of your editorial, "The Wounded Beast Whines." In It you express the sentiment of all who are worthy to stand before the throne of God. No peace can be made with the un speakable Hun. To him internatiorat treaties are but scraps of psper. He la a rogue, thief and a liar, and the truth is not In him. Teace will come In God's due time, therefore it will not come before the Prussian taskmasters have sacrificed, ss aun-fodder. the lsst servile hound in Hundom. J. HAROLD.