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TIIE MORNING OltEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE J5, - 1918.
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PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, JCNB 5, 1918.
EDCCATIOX.FOR EFFICIENCY.
President Campbell, of the Univer
sity of Oregon, brings no novel mes
sage as he returns from the confer
ences of the Emergency Council of
Education and tells us that there is
a growing demand for trained men
as the war progresses. It has become
a commonplace ; to say that it is a
war of the technicians, that special
skill in a hundred directions is re
quired nowadays, and that we can no
longer trust to the personal valor of
the individual fighting man to win,
but it seems to require emphasis over
and over again. Young blood is hot
blood; the duty of the moment seems
to transcend the more distant assign
ment which requires tedious prepara
tion. The young man in college boils
with indignation when he reads of the
barbarities of the enemy and demands
the immediate opportunity to kill a
Hun.
But the fact is that the Government
already is looking about for chemists
for work in munitions plants, and for
bacteriologists for the hospitals and
cantonments, and for engineers for
almost every department of the serv
ice at home and abroad, without find
ing trained men enough to meet im
mediate requirements. And we have
been in the war only a little more than
a year! It is not easy to visualize the
condition which will prevail by the
time we have 5,000,000 men under
arms and the dearth of professional
workers which will confront us if the
war lasts the five years for which the
Government is preparing. Plainly, it
Is well to be far-sighted in this re
gard, as well as in the mefe"matter
of extending the draft to provide in
creasing numbers for the firing lines.
It is only a few years since we
plumed ourselves, with some reason,
upon being the best educated people
on earth. Our statistical position as
to literacy has been good, by com
parison with that of other nations,
and our institutions of higher learn
ing have been numerous and well
filled. But we are already feeling the
drain. We have plenty of men who
can read and write, and who are
measurably efficient in ordinary oc
cupations, but we need still more who
possess high skill and superior knowl
edge Of masters technical.
It is not hard to understand the
personal problem which now confronts
the college boy. He wants to be In
the thick of the fighting. In spite of
all appeals, a great number of stu
dents have left school to go to the
front. Yet there is a higher call for
special service, which may require
patience as well as daring and for
calm concentration and for the pres
ent a great degree of self-denial. This
has been specifically recognized In the
provision of- the law which exempts
certain medical students from the
draft. It now takes the form of an
appeal especially to young students of
conspicuous talent to complete the
preparatory work which they have set
out to do.
If, happily the war does not con
tlnue for the five years for which the
Government is wisely preparing, then
the school time of these young men
will not have been lost. For there
will be a reconstruction time a period
of reorganization of material resources
and of building up trade. Without
awaiting tt outcome of battles, the
Department of Commerce is looking
for men with ability to act as com
mercial attaches of the Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce. In
a call for such agents the department
said recently:
Applicants admitted to the examinations
will be required to write a thesis on some
given foreign trade subject and to answer
difficult and searching questions on eco
nomics and commercial geography and
transportation, current events In foreign
countries, the industrial development of the
United States in its relation to export, and
to know at least one foreign language.
Kducation and foreign trade experience will
be -Important factors, and those most suc
cessful in passing the written examination
will later beglven an oral test before a
board In Washington.
Let the average college graduate
or even the average moderately suc
cessful business man, ask himself
whether he believes he would pass
this test. The pay of these appointees
will be "from $4 000 a year upward,"
and there are not applicants enough.
But the day has gone by when "pull"
will land the jobs. The examinations
are to be "difficult and searching."
The positions in question do not rep
' resent an isolated instance. The same
- conditions prevail in almost Innumer
able other lines.
The call to young men to remain In
college, however, is not based upon
selfish considerations of more highly
paid employment. The liberal salary
is only the measure of the demand for
high-class work. It helps to show
how much the country needs trained
men. Students who fit themselves
for these special places will. In fact,
lie doing a real service to the Nation.
By the invention of a special drill
with a small knife-bladed foot, an
English farmer has recently developed
an amazing scheme for double-cropping
a given area of meadow. By
means of the new drill a Winter
cereal and an artificial fertilizer aro
drilled in July through any grass land
intended to be grazed, in the follow
ing year. In September or October
the cereal is grazed off with the grass,
and the grain, nominally an annual,
is practically converted Into a biennial.
It is claimed for the scheme that
Autumn grazing, properly regulated,
"encourages and strengthens the roots
of the cereal," and that the protection
given by the turf in Winter causes
Spring growth to start earlier than I
usual. Grain and hay are cut at the I
same time with a mowing-machine
and header combined. There is great
economy of labor, and the plan la re
garded as especially fitted to Eng
lish conditions, in which it Is de
sirable, to increase the yield of grain
without at the same time destroying
the permanent meadows. The Inven
tor predicts that his plan will result
in more grazing this year, more beef
next Winter, more oats, wheat and
hay Jn 1919,- and more grazing in
1919.
ANOTHER EXPLOIT.
Kultur is losing its nerve. Some of
the victims of the recent TJ-boat raids
off the Atlantic Coast were treated
with something approaching consider
ation. The old submarine zone about
Great Britain and France has be
come deadly dangerous . for the U
boats. The menace is being slowly
but surely overcome by the superior
prowess of the allies. The losses to
allied shipping are, on the average,
about one-half what they were a year
ago. Inevitably, the undersea vessels
are being driven to reaches further
away. - ,
Probably there was more than one
U-boat off New York, but not more
than two. Your German sea-wolf is a
lonesome beast. He hunts in 'pairs.
True to the German psychology, he
has no individual initiative or courage.
The U-boat, or U-boats, probably
lay In wait for days hoping to get an
American transport. But transports are
well guarded, and the submarine has
now a great dread of destroyers and
depth-bombs. The destroyer Is the
submarine's most efficient enemy; and
the depth-bomb Is its chief weapon.
It does the work.
Getting no chance at a major vessel
or a transport, and being far from the
base of supplies, the submarine cruiser
sought small game, and then got away
in safety before the destroyers came.
It was an exploit after the German
fashion of surprise and sensation; but
it got small results. The greatest
German ventures always fall short of
real success. They never feach Paris,
but are turned back at the Marne.
NOT A PRIVATE ITaiTTi
The Western Union Telegraph Com
pany, a public utility, is wedded to the
old-fashioned notion that its affairs
are its own, and it will make its own
rules, hire and fire its men as It
pleases, and render an accounting
neither to state nor to Federal Gov
ernwient. The nominal issue is over
the old question of union recognition.
The real question is as to whether the
public has any rights or interests in
the telegraph business which the com
pany is bound to consider.
The company refuses the offer of
the National War Labor Bureau
headed by William Howard Taft and
Frank P. Walsh, for mediation, though
the sensitive feelings of the president
and board of directors as to the unions
were considered to the extent that the
company was assured that It would
not be asked nor expected to recog.
nize the union, and the union would
be required not to use the strike as a
weapon. President Carlton makes the
evasive and wholly unsatisfactory re
sponse that he will not permit his
employes to join any union until
referendum has been held by them.
Meanwhile, the Western Union- and
Postal are- discharging their men by
wholesale because they have dared to
join a union. What freedom of ac
tion by the men In their decision to
go in or stay out of any organization.
not formed on principles wholly de
termined by the companies, is guaran
teed by such a summary course?
The basic grievances of the em
ployes are that their wage Is insuffl
cient, that they must stay at their
keys many hours overtime In order
to eke out even a tolerable existence,
and that working conditions gener
ally are unsatisfactory. The company
replies that It has Instituted various
beneficences such as pensions and
vacations on pay; and it seems to
think that nothing more is to be said
or done. But the men are not asking
for charity from a paternalistic In
stitution. They want a fair- oppor
tunity to live and work as other men
In other industries calling for equal
skill and equal diligence It Is notor
ious that commercial telegraphers
have made fewer advances toward a
lucrative wage than any other trade
requiring equivalent knowledge, adapt
ability and Experience.
The telegraph companies will re
cede, or we shall have direct Govern
ment regulation and control, and,
probably, ultimate Government own
ership. Perhaps that is what they
want. They are taking the surest way
to bring it about.
SWATTING THE ROOSTER.
Aside from considerations of the
relative value of the fertile and the
sterile egg, there are Impelling eco
nomic reasons this year for eliminat
ing the superfluous cockerel from the
poultry yard. -With feed bringing-in
the neighborhood of four cents a
pound, and sometimes more than that,
it becomes a question of deep concern
what use" is made of all the grain we
produce.
The hen which lays a minimum of
ten dozen eggs a year pays her way,
leaving a clear margin when she
finally is converted into a potpie, but
the rooster cannot put on flesh rapidly
enough to Justify his existence much
beyond the broiler age. Except in the
few instances where special matings
are to be made the breeding work
has been done for this year, and It is
now time for the poultiryman to re
duce his flocks. A very few of the
superior cockerels will suffice for
carrying over until next year.
Efficiency methods in the poultry
yard, however, will not stop with the
culling of the useless rooster. The
"boarder hen" also must go, in order
that there shall be no waste of food
material. The trap nest ought to be
employed and the fowls that do not
pay their way should be put on the
market as early as possible. There Is
no mystery about the trap nest
method, and no expensive appliances
are required. It is true that a great
number of inventors have turned their
attention to trap -nests, but plans for
plenty of serviceable ones are avail
able without the payment of royalties.
Most of the agricultural colleges have
prepared detailed instructions for
making them, and bulletins on the
subject are obtainable by beginners
In the poultry business In every state
It is particularly important from
the economic point of view that the
production record of the laying hen
should be ascertained during the so
called "off season." Difference be
tween profit and loss often depends
upon the performance of the hen when
eggs command a higher price. More
over, it is practically certain that
flocks will be materially reduced as
grain becomes scarcer, and owners
should be prepared to do their oulllng
intelligently. Eggs are so desirable
as food that it is as necessary to keep
the best laying hens as It is to weed
out the poor ones.
REASON IN CHILD LABOR LAWS.
The decision of the United States
Supreme Court declaring the Federal
child labor law invalid is rendered at
a time which is opportune for calm
consideration of the subject 4 by the
states, to which it is relegated. The
Nation now realizes, as It never has
before, the need of all the labor that
is available, whether of man, woman
or child. At the same time it realizes
as never before the need to conserve
the life and health of both the adult
and the rising generations. Neveij was
tne laDor or every pair or nan as more
needed, yet never did sound minds and
bodies of every man, woman and child
seem more prepious.
The majority of the judges hold that
regulation of child labor is no part
of the functions entrusted to the Fed
eral Government under the interstate
commerce clause of the Constitution,
but is a police power reserved to the
states. It does not view with favor
the attempt to do by Indirection that
which Congress cannot lawfully do di
rectly. If Congress may take to itself
jurisdiction over child labor by ex
cluding its products from interstate
commerce, it may by the same means
appropriate practically the entire po
lice power of the states and may
thereby reduce to a nullity their con
trol over their internal affairs. The
decision adverse to the law deals
solely with the question whether au
thority to forbid or regulate child
labor is vested in the Federal or state
government, not at all with the. ques
tion whether there should be any such
prohibition or regulation.
The fact that four of the nine
judges would have upheld "the law Is
significant of the strength of the sen
timent against employment of chil
dren, since they were ready to strain
the Constitution in order to gratify
that sentiment. But we find in the
present emergency signs that this sen
timent often runs counter to reason.
Many children in their leisure hours
can perform tasks at which labor is
urgently needed, and far from being
injured they would be benefited, buc
the law steps ' in and forbids arbi
trarily or requires a permit from an
official whoso zeal is not tempered by
Judgment. Scarcity of farm labor
drives us to form a boys' working re
serve, to be employed mostly on farms
during vacation, but it is limited to
boys over 16, though much could be
done by younger boys to the physical
and financial advantage of both them
selves and the country. There are
many occupations where women could
replace men, but the law restrict
their employment ahd their hours in
a way which prevents their working
wheae no injury would result.
No reasonable or humane person
proposes that women should work
long hours at heavily laborious occu
pations or that children .should work
during hours when they should be at
school or for periods or at occupations
which are beyond their strength. But
the community should have the benefit
of so much incidental labor, of such
a kind as they can perform without
injury to their health or education.
Conditions vary so much with regard
to occupation, climate, season and
even individual that no hard and fast
rule will fit all cases. It is a subject
for regulation, not prohibition. Varia
tions are so great in a country of the
extent of the United States that this
regulation can be better practiced in
detail by the states than by the Nation.
Congress could strengthen in place of
impairing the police power of the
states by forbidding transportation
into a state of goods made in other
states contrary to its child labor laws,
such exercise of the Federal power
having been held valid as to the liquor
traffic.
When the call is made on every
body to work, the laws need such ad
justment that women and children
may lawfully do as much work as they
can do consistently with their own
welfare. They should neither be ex
ploited to the destruction of the new
generation nor should they be made
involuntary loafers.
AN AMAZING CONFESSION.
An encouraging sign that the Ger
man people are coming to their senses
Is the fact that the Kaiser's dupes
and confederates are exposing the
conspiracy for world conquest and are
confessing their complicity in his
crimes. Of equal Importance with the
revelations which have been made -by
Prince Lichnowsky and Dr. Muehlon,
of the Krupp Company, as to the po
Iltical maneuvers which forced the
war, is the confession of August
Thyssen, the German steel king, which
is published in another column.
It proves that for two years fcefore
the war the Kaiser had deliberately
prepared for it by bribing the business
men of Germany to give him financial
support. The bribes were promises of
huge land grants, country mansions
and estates in countries that were to
be .conquered, government loans to
extend business in conquered lands,
Immunity from taxes to be won by
exaction of huge Indemnities from the
conquered. All the world was to pay
tribute to Germany, and her captains
of industry were to be rich beyond the
dreams of avarice.
These were the bribes with which
the Kaiser bought the financial aid of
Germany's rich men. He was already
assured of the support of the army
and the landed nobility, which could
force the common people to do their
will. He needed also to enlist the aid
of the big business men, that they
might supply him with money. He
began work with them in 1912. the
year after he had made his bold bid
for Morocco and had been forced to
draw back by Great Britain's declara
tion that she would stand by France
and by the admission of the German
bankers 'that Germany was not flnan
daily ready for war. He proceeded
to make good the deficiency by calling
the business men together "in large
private gatherings on three occasions,
on which he addressed them. In re
turn for their aid ho promised to win
for them all the riches of the world
m a war which should end in Decern
ber, - 1915. saying: "He who helps
willingly and generously will have his
rich reward."
How far-reaching and ruthless were
his plans may be Judged by what h
said of India. That country was to be
not merely "occupied," as it is by th
British; it was to be conquered, doubt
less as Belgium, 8erbia, Northern
France and Finland have been con
quered, and as the Ukraine is now be
ing conquered. Tne rich revenues
which how flow into the treasuries o
the native princes were to "flow in
golden stream into the Fatherland."
. When the war had continued a year
beyond the time limit which the
Kaiser had set and when, far from
being able to pay the promised bribes.
he was obliged to call for more money,
ha turned from bribery to blackmail
Doubting the ability of the Kaiser to '
deliver the goods, Thyssen refused to
guarantee war loans, and was threat
ened with ruin. Much was done to
put these threats in, effect, and, when"
German business men were advised to
pass themselves off as Englishmen,
Frenchmen, Dutchmen, Spaniards or
Americans in order to rebuild foreign
trade in the face of world-wide hatred
of Germany, Thyssen saw ruin before
him. Then his conscience seems to
have awakened, and he wrote his con
fession. It is one of the most amazing con
fessions the world ever saw. It re
veals the ablost business men of Ger
many as becoming accomplices in
wholesale murder which already totals
over seven millions and is still grow
ing, all for the sake of acquiring
riches. Nor did remorse awaken until
failure seemed imminent. Then, like
a member of a band of criminals who
turns state's evidence, Thyssen turned
against his unsuccessful confederates.
This revelation shows how com
pletely the mania for greatness has
put the conscience of Germany to
sleep. For two centuries the Hohen
zollerns and their aristocracy have
worshiped the god of world power
founded on might. They converted
the leaders of business by promising
them great riches. They made the
masses their tools by poisoning -their
minds with the cult of divine sclec
tion of the German nation to rule the
world. The Record says they should
pay "the full penalty of their crimes
on thet gallows or before a firing
squad," but that, penalty seems too
mild for crimes so monstrous. Yet
they have the effrontery to invite the
world which they have desolated to
make terms with them.
But the Thyssen confession awakens
new hope, for it proves that the Ger
man nation begins to see itself as
other nations see it and to shudder at
the hideous spectacle it presents.
When conviction' of guilt comes home
to a criminal, he begins to feel paraly
sis of the power to resist. For that
reason the work of overcoming Ger
many will already be half done when
she suffers the first crushing military
defeat.
TITB WEATHER.
The weather in the Pacific North
west the past few weeks serves as a
reminder that there is nothing more
uncertain in the physical world than
the conditions under which the farmer
must labor to produce his crops. In
March, for example. It was estimated
that the season was at least two weeks
ahead of time, and there were gen
eral complaints that because of the
rural labor shortage it would not be
possible to complete the usual Spring
work on time. But it is only the first
week in June, and already the season
about two weeks behind schedule.
Except in a few favored localities.
growing things- are not as well ad
vanced as in the average year in this
section.
It goes to show that no amount of
research will make an exact science out
of farming. The best laid plans of the
book-learned agriculturist are likely
at any time to be put out of Joint by
conditions over which he has no con
trol. There are farmers this year who
got their crops in late from sheer
laziness and who have as much to
show for their work as their fore
handed neighbors who made use of
every hour of daylight in February
and March. The perversity of the
weather is beyond computation.
Nevertheless, in the run of years
the Industrious and the thinking
farmer will come out ahead. It pays
to organize and to plan, even though
the exceptional season may confound
the effort. Incidentally, the city man
will have a better understanding of
his farmer friend if he considers the
difference in conditions under which
they labor. The city man comes and
goes on schedule; his work is much
the same, whether it rains or shines
But in the country every day is pecu
liar to itself, and the farmer must be
a. highly adjustable person to succeed.
Being two weeks ahead of schedule
in April and two weeks behind time
in June is only an incident in the life
of the man who raises our food.
By the end of November, the cable
tells us, there will be in a port of
England a yard capable of turning out
a ship every two weeks. That will be.
indeed, a complete establishment, but
as a Portland shipbuilder might say,
humph! and again, humph!
Everybody who has received a letter
on stationery carrying the Inverted
red triangle will go into the next drive
to the best of his means. The fact
that the boys have the facilities for
writing is enough to know.
The Socialist who asked why 40,000
American troops had been allowed to
land in France In May knew less
than one-fifth of the truth, but how
did the German censor let him learn
even that much?
The aerial mall is still largely ex
perimental, for there is much doubt
when it will arrive or whether it will
arrive at all. But these little diffi
culties will be overcome by degrees.
Coastwise travel, especially on the
Eastern shore, has all the excitement
of the English Channel. Survivors
will have great tales for their grand
children years hence.
If you meet a couple "acting crazy,"
they may be the elopers from the
State Hospital, but probably no more
crazy than other elopers on the same
bent.
If the shipyards work Saturday aft
ernoons, that means 9 per cent added
to production, or one ship to eleven.
It's worth while doing.
Deficit threatens the State Hospital,
but Dr. Stelner is a resourceful head
of the institution, and the worst is not
to be feared.
Only Jays stand in the middle of tha
walk and obstruct pedestrians. City
people to the manner born take the
edges.
There are no meatless days now,
but Summer is here, and for better
health continue the habit.
No household of this city will have
white flour In the bin this Summer if
the women's committee can learn of it.
Does the Crown Prince think the
River Marne is hcrodooed that he
makes so little effort to cross it?
The battle at Salem will be blood
less, but none the less decisive.
Come on with that new Y. M. C. A.
drive." whllo there's nothing stirring.
They are a scary crowd
York, darkening tha lights.
in Naw
A Line o Type or Two.
Hew 1 the Line, Let the Qalpa Fall
Where They May.
WOMEX IX WARTIME,
UNSCATHED.
Two women sat to chat upon a train.
One said: "I really shouldn't mind at all
Doing some Red Cross knitting but.
you sec.
I am so bus-. Here I am today
Going to town with you and then to
morrow
I have to wash and press out those
two waists.
Where does the time go? What a task
it is
Getting enough to eat these days! I
bought
Two pounds of sugar as I came along
From every grocer only six in all.
They say some one is holding sugar
back ;
It is a shame the rest of us must suffer
For what we want. The substitutes
for wheat
Are quite a bother, too; cook doesn't
like
To use them up. And she objects when I
Suggest some other fats in place of
lard.
w nat can you do 7 Ton might lose a
pood cook
By Just insisting. Here's Van Buren
street.
We must get off. I want to buy some
seat
tor "Maying. You have seen itT la It
good?" C. S. P. W
Ever and so often some one suggests
that So-and-So be ostracized for his
p.-G. sympathies. But the Greeks, who
invented the institution of ostracism,
used to can the worthy as well as the
unworthy; until finally, when Hyper
Dolus, an Athenian choap skate, was
exiled, the Greeks decided that the In
stltutlon had seen its best days and
therefore abolished it.
"If That Be Literature Give 3Ie Death!"
Sir Yes, I know that Edgar Jepson
has written some dozen or more ahort-
ltved novels, not for "plopp-eycd bun
garoos" indeed, for flappers rather;
and that he once got featured in the
old-time Sunday supplements as the In
ventor of a combination coat and pants
suit as the "first step towards that
greatest of all human Ideals one man.
one garment." But. alas! for me that
Is not" literature. B. R.
Effective this date," advertises the
St. Paul railroad, "the name of the
station of Potsdam on the H. and D.
division will be changed to Potts."
Potts isn't much of a name, but It's a
dam sight less objectionable than the
original.
PASS TIIE VIOLETS, PLEASE.
(Colonel Graves Interviews Senator Lewis.)
"What did you think of the speech?"
I asked. "Of course it was a great
speech, a very great speech," he re
plied. "How could It have been other
wise when he planted himself firmly
and eloquently on the ground which
the Hearst newspapers and the senior
Senator from Illinois have occupied for
years? For at least a decade Mr. Hearst
and I have advocated persistently the
fixing of taxation upon Incomes and
luxuries and monopolies. How can we
fall to applaud when the President
does us the honor to agree with us?"
Even in St. Louis" a restaurant feels
obliged to advertise: "Albert M. Schef
fert, proprietor (not a German)."
ONLY WHAT YOU HAVE SLIPPED US.
Sir Have received application blank
from State Council of Defense bearing
rubber stamp notation.' "Ordinance De
partment United States Army." I am
all up in the air about this. Don't
know whether I'd like the work or not.
What do you know about it? B. G.
A number of years ago the New York
Evening Post stigmatized Mr. Wilson
as "an extreme radical." What would
you call him now?
"Bungadoo."
When over-fatigued and weary enough
To drop, then I sometimes try to shirk
My duty, and browse In some high
brow stuff.
Forgetting my business and Red Cross
work.
Then I pick up, with self-conscious
smirk.
That erudite volume, the English Re
view; But today I am knifed with this verbal
dirk
"Wre for that plopp-eyed bungaroo!"
What Is its meaning, that terrible
phrase?
Offspring of Jepson's mental murk?
I puzzle and puzzle with wits adaze.
Is It Bohemian, Slav or Turk?
Does secret cipher significance lurk
Where those strange sympols flash
from the blue?
Is it Welsh or Sinn Fein, or some Scot
tish quirk
"Write for that plopp-eyed bungaroo."
When he wrote "that fat-headed West
ern ruck,"
I wonder If Edgar winked and smiled
And stuck his tongue In his cheek like
. Puck,
Saying: "This should make 'em all jolly
well riled.
When wells of such English undefiled
Spring pure from covers of Prueslan
hue.
Should not new vocabularies be com
plied?
"Write for that plopp-eyed bungaroo."
O prints of England! O Oxford Die!
We want to be wise and autocthonic.
But we can't to our nobler selves be
true
Till we "write for that plopp-eyed
bungaroo." SOLIFIDIAN.
We are assured by the proofroom
that as soon as another accent is re
leased It will be applied to "com
munique." The one removed from
"debut" 'some time ago was unfor
tunately lost.
Yon Caa't Rear a Single Acoaatlo.
Theater Ad.
Do you know that the Marshall
Square Theater was built with acoustic
arrangements for the proper present!
tion of the silent drama?
Although experience is a dear
teacher, most people continue to attend
her classes. An Iowa Insurance con
cern announces that "the Boone tor
nado caused thousands of dollars of
damage and very little Insurance."
REFERRED TO BERT THE BARBER.
Sir The sneering of a brazen barber
at my refusal to take hair tonic causes
me to ask: Has any one ever seen a
barber apply tonic to his own head?
SIM NIC.
It is not generally known that
George Creel is operating an under
taking establishment In Lewtstown
Mont.
We Can Think of Two or Three.
Sir Could a more appropriate abid
ing place be suggested for the Hussie
Automobile company than Boulder,
Colo., at which place they are now
located? II. K. P.
Sylvia A large percentage of Ger
man words are accented on the pinochle.
But why not study French?
GREAT RECONCILIATIONS.
' sir May I not enter the Herald-Ex
aminer In your Great Reconciliations
contest? L. P. B.
"Grace Lust tells' the Story of Her
Life." Baraboo News.
ONE MAY BOTH SERVE AND ST I'D Y
Idata School Graduate Mar Enlist and
Yet Go to College.
BY P. P. CLAXTON".
U. S. Commissioner of Education.
Many a high school graduate is de
bating with himself this year: Shall I
go to college? or shall 1 enlist at once
for military service?
The war Department has Just made
It possible to do both. It says, in effect.
to the ambitious young American: "You
serve your country by going to college.
To make sure that you do not lose
tl-ereby the opportunity of serving your
country in & direct military capacity,
you will be asked to Join the special
United States Army college training
units that are to be formed. You will
be liablo for service at a moment's
notice, but because you are worth more
to tne isallon with your college train
ing than without It, you will be ex
pected to stay in college until called
by the Government."
The War Department announcement
provides that beginning with Septem
ber. 131S. military instruction, under
officers and non-commissioned officers
of the Army, will be provided in every
institution of college grade enrolling
for the Instruction 100 or more able
bodied students over the age of 18.
The necessary military equipment will
be provided My the Government. There
will be created a military training unit
In each Institution. Enlistment will be
purely voluntary, but all students over
the age of IS will be encouraged to en
list. The enlistment will constitute
the student a member of the Army of
the United States, liable to active duty
at the call if the President. It will,
however, be the policy of the Govern
ment not to call tho members of the
training units to active duty until they
have reached the age of 21. unless ur
gent military necessity compels an
earlier call. Students under IS. and
therefore not legally eligible lor en
listment, will be encouraged to enroll
In the training units. Provision wilt
be made Tor co-ordinating the Reserve
Officers' Training Corps system, which
exists 4n about ono-thlrd of the college
Institutions, with this broader plan.
"This new policy aims to accomplish
two-fold object," the War Depart
ment announces, "first to develop as
a great military asset the large body
of young men In" the colleges; and
second, to prevent unnecessary and
wasteful depletion of the colleges
through indiscriminate volunteering, by
offering to the students a definite and
Immediate military status."
No nation has made such generous
provision for combined military and
college education as has the United
States In this new plan. The youth who
avail themselves of the privilege will
bo serving their country's immediate
as well as future needs.
'o Discrimination la Quotas.
LA GRANDE. Or.. June 3. (To tho
Editor.) May I ask upon whst basis
the gross quota of orearon for the sec
ond draft are based? If all quotas are
base proportionately on the number of
class I men, why call SO per cent of
Oregon class I men on a draf t of C20.000,
which Is scvarcely S3 1-3 per cent of
all class I men in the country? Mll
not this operate to call deferred classes
In some states sooner than others? It
was my understanding that the recent
legislation was expressly intended ' to
prevent this condition. MISS A. L.
The application of the 80 per cent is
general throughout the country. It
yields In fact a much smaller percen
tage of the total number of class I
men because there are various credits,
such as voluntary enlistments and In
ductions. Oregon's gross quota on the
80 per cent call is 8319 men, but credits
scale this number down to B45S.
Practices Add to Rao Manpower.
PORTLAND. June 4. (To the Edi
tor.) It Is frequently stated, as in an
editorial in The Oregonian, Friday:
Holding the line till America comes;"
that the Germans have about the same
number of men as the allies.
Attention should be drawn to the
difference in the manner in which they
are utilized.
The allies use enlisted men for nearly
everything back of the lines, whereas.
Germany uses prisoners, and the civil-
Ian populations male and female ot
tho enemy territory she holds, for al
most everything except actual fighting,
thereby doubling or trebling her fight
ing forces.
I think failure to take this into con
sideration has led to an underestimate
of Germany's manpower.
This, and moving within a circle,
gives her a tremendous advantage.
C. B. PYE.
Cabbage, but Not Sauerkraut.
PORTLAND, June 4. (To the Edi
tor.) S-a-u-e-r-k-r-a-u-t-! Why "call
a rose by anv other name?" It isn't
American! and we of the United States
are purely American these days!
One wonders if there are enemy
aliens in the Food Administration, even
to hint patriotism In the same breath
with a dLah whose phonetic combina
tion is as Main as the latest German
drive!
We will patriotically eat cabbage if
that will aid our boys to crush tho
Huns, but when we are advised by the
Food Administration to eat "auer
kraut" with that spelling we are re
minded of "One nils lit as well eat the
devil as to drink his broth."
KANSAS "MAY."
No General Bole.
LEBANON. Or.. June 4. (To the Ed
itor.) Please state if those who are
working in logging camps win be ex
empted. Will those who are working
in a sawmill? A READER.'
Each case vatll I be decided on its
merits. Deferred classification on in
dustrial grounds is given when it is
found that the ' registrant is a neces
sary skilled laborer in a necessary in
dustrial enterprise. The necessity of
an Industrial enterprise is not deter
mined by the necessity of the industry
at large, but by the necessity of that
particular unit.
Pay on Government Shi pa.
PORT ANAGELES. Wash.. June 1.
(To the Editor.) Pleuse advise If the
naval reserve men serving on cargo
boats of the West Indian class are paid
regular seaman's scale of wages or re
ceive only the standard rate of naval
pay as per classification.
E. W. FREEMAN.
Men enlisted In the Navy receive the
same pay whether assigned to a regu
lar Navy vessel or merchantman that
is -turned over to the Naw.
. :
Coyote Poisoning Plan.
THE DALLES. Or., June 3. (To the
Editor.) Kindly let me know how I
can find out about Mr. Elniham'i orig
inal plan for coyote poisoning spoken
ot In your articles lately.
x ' L. D. MAT.
Write to the National Woolgrowex,
Salt Lake, Utah.
Terms In Presidency.
' CLATSOP. Or.. June 3. (To the Ed
itor.) Please aciviKn me what the lav
la in regard to our President's running
for orrv-e three times In succession.
B. E. C.
There is no law on the subject,
custom frowns on the third term.
but
. Flags at Entertainment.
ORCHARDS. Wash., June 3. (To tho
Editor.) What flags should be used
with the American flag at an enter
tainment? SUBSCRIBER.
Any flags-except enemy Rags.
In Other Days.
Twenty-Five) Years Ars.
From The Oreronlan. June B. 1S98.
Chicago. Thunder storm reduces at
tendance at World's Fair Exposition.
Chicago. 1500 employee of Standard
Oil Company threaten to strike unless
company asreea to pay a 10-hour wage
for a nine-hour day.
Olympia. Wash. Patrons of local
postofflce by vote of I"i to 174 for
the next highest candidates indorse the
candidacy of Mrs. A. E. Follansbee for
postmistress.
Spraying of hops is recommended by
Oregon Agriculture College expert at
annual meeting of' farmers' Institute
at Barlow.
Half a Century A so.
From The Oretjonian. June 5,
Brooklyn The population o!
lyn is estimated at 40n,onft.
isns.
Brook-
General complaint Is made as to the
aim oft impassable condition of the Can
yon road between Portland and HliSs
boro. One day's shipment of precious meta's
from Portland represents an aggregate
Of S44.000.
Multnomah County gires J. 6. Bmlth
a sllcht lead over David Lot an for Rep
resentative in Congress.
WAR 5FHVICR FLAG CHEAJE"E1
So Thinks Soldier's Father Who Dla
cosacn Shipyard Klaff.
PORTLAND. June 4. (To the Editor.)
I
have no doubt that many of tho
mothers, fathers and sisters, or anyor.c
having relations In the United States
Army or Navy (together with myself)
have noticed with surprise quite re
cently a service flag hung in the win
dows for men working in the shipyards.
The flag in a facsimile of the United
States Army and Navy service flag,
Willi the exception of the lettering at
top and bottom. That It should bo au
thorized or sanctioned is surprising
considering the vast difference between
the two services and tho sacrifice
made.
I will admit that the shipyard work
ers aro very necessary, and it is a
commendable occupation, So also ars
all the various occupations that are in
any way connected with food produc
tion or conservation of same or manu
facture of products destined to help tha
Government win this war.
Now for comparison as to the sacri
fices made. A shipyard worker takes
a job at a big wage and short hours.
He is under no restrictions or discipline
except to do a day's work and obey
orders for same. If the job does not
suit him he can quit the first day. His
time is his own to go and come as he
pleases. He generally works in or near
a city or town, where he can take advan
tage of the various recreations and
privileges afforded by such places of
residence. He can enjoy all tho little
luxuries and comforts that are to be
obtained by living at home; sleep on a
good bed every night: has no fear of
having to camp out In the mud and
rain, and runs no risk except a possible
accident.
On the other hand, a man going into
the Army or Navy, either by unllst
nient or draft. Is taken by Uncle Sam
for the period of the war (who knows
when It will end?) He has little time
of his own. except the short furloughs
given. Ho Is under strict discipline and
regulations nothing else is possible.
He may have a Job drawing a good sal
ary which he has to Quit for the $30 a
month Army pay. He leaves home,
mother, father, sisters, brothers, wife,
babies and all that Is dear to him, be
hind. Though he has no fear but that
Uncle Sam will feed and clothe him
well when he can do so. still he faces
possible privations from inclement
weather, wounds, sickness and the
chance of being made a prisoner or an
Invalid or cripple for life. He must
face possible death on the battlefield,
and all the many privations that have
been endured by the brave men of
Great Britain and France since the, war
started. In fact, he sacrifices every
thing except his patriotism. To put
the shipyard worker and the Army or
Navy service man in the same class is
unthinkable.
SOLDIER'S FATHER.
WHAT SHALL WE TALK ABOUT,
There's a saying I've heard, very many
years old.
You've heard it, I know. Have you
never been told
"Well people will talk"?
If this saying be true, and I'm quite
sure it in.
Would it not be as well when you go
for a vis
To step to the closet and take from the
shelf
A budget or bundle about your own
self:
Or If In that inufty or dusty old place
ui mat ieariui old bundle you find not
a truce.
If will answer as well for the purpose
I trow
To pick up some scrars of something
you know.
It may be you've saved up some choice
bit of scandal.
If it Is not too dirty and musty to han
dle. By lying too long on the old closet
shelf
Or spoiled by the keeping because 'bout
yourself.
Such things are not to our memory
dear.
But the listener is always so eager ti
hear;
I say, my dear friends. If you're dying
to tell
A choice bit of scandal, you love It so
well.
Ransack the old closet, the uppermost
shelf.
Find a budget or something about your
own self.
X. S. KEASEY.
rrnniona tor Civil War Veteran.
PORTLAND. June 4. (To tho VM
Itor.) A friend Informs n-.e that a hill
has recently been introduced in Con
gress for increase of pensions of vet
erans of tho Civil Wnr. to enable .them
to meet the present high cost of living.
Will you kindly state whether this is
true and what action lias been taken
upon it? SUBSCRIBER.
What is know n as I lie Sherwood bill
has passed the lUut. It bases In
creases principally upon service terms
of the veterans. It is objectionable to
tho G. A. R. members, who favor the
Smoot bill, pending in the Senate. This
measure would give 530 a month to all
veterans and increase by steps to I4U
a month, according to length of service.
The veterans hope to have the Smoot
bill substituted for the Sherwood meas
ure. True Aate Coatrola.
rORTUAND, June 4. (To the. Ed
itor.) A young man was married about
live months ago and swore he was then
II years of age. but ho will not be of
age until December. Will he havn to
rceMater June 5? A SUBSCRIBER.
His true ace will govern and he v.-lll
uot have to register today, but If the
authorities become aware of his affi
davit he will probably lie called upon
to prove that his age v. as different
from that. given therein.