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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 5, 1918)
TIIE MORNING OREGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 1018. WAR ONE GIGANTIC Hi Leading Figure in Steel Indus try Tells How Kaiser Planned Enormous World Crime. VAST CONQUESTS PROMISED ttigh Hopes of Financial Rewards Held Out to His Business and Commercial liarons "Beyond the Dreams of Avarice." WASHINGTON, June 4.- (Special.) A revelation corroborating the charge that the war was the result of a gigan tic German conspiracy, headed by the Kaiser, has been made by August Thyssen. the leading figure in the Ger man steel industry. Realizing the enor mity of the crimes to which he had be come a. party, he has exposed the con spiracy in a pamphlet, a copy of which was obtained "with very reat diffi culty by way of Japan" by Joseph G. Butler, Jr., of Youngstown, O., one of the leading American steel manufac turers, who republished it with an in troductory chapter by himself and who also induced the Manufacturers Rec ord, of Baltimore, to reprint it. In a letter to the Record Mr. Butler Attributes the publication of the pam phlet to "a guilty conscience." The pamphlet was presented to the Senate by Senator Owen, who described Thyssen as a "sort of blend between Charles AT. Schwab, of the Bethlehem fcteel Works, and the late J. Pierpont Morgan," having been "often described as the king of the steel, iron and coal industries of Central Europe." Thysaen'a Eyes Are Opened. The text of Thyssen'a pamphlet fol lows: I am writing this pamphlot because I want to open the eyes of Germans, espe cially of the business community, to faote. when the Hohenzollerns wanted to get the support of the commercial class for . their 'war plans, they put their ideas before us as a. business proposition. A large number of business and commercial men were asked to support the Hohenzollern war policy on the ground that It would pay them to do so. Let me frankly confess that I am one of those who were led to agree to sup port the Hohenzollern war plan when this appeal was made to the leading business amen of Germany In 1912-13. I was led to do so, however, against my better judgment. In 3 &12 the Hohenzollerns saw that the war had become a necessity to the preserva tion of the military system, upon which their power depends. In that year the Hohenzollerns might have directed, if they had desired, the foreign affairs of our coun try so that peace would have been assured In Kurope for at least 50 years. But pro longed peace would have resulted certainly in the breakup of our military system, and with the breakup of our military system the power of the Hohenzollerns would come to an end. The Emperor and his family, as X said, clearly understood this, and they there fore, in 1 012, decided to embark on a great war of conquest. Vast Conquest Promised. But to do this they had to get the com mercial community to support them In their aims. They did this by holding out to them hopse of a great personal gain as a result of the war.- In the light of events that have taken place since August, 1914, these prom ises now appear supremely ridiculous, but most of us at the time were led to believe that they would probably be realized. I was personally promised a free grant of 30.000 acres in Australia and a loan from the Deutsche Bank of 150,0u0, at 3 per cent, to enable me to develop my business In Australia. Several other firms were promised special trading facilities in India, which was to be conquered by Germany, be It noted, by the end of 1915. A syndi cate was formed for the exploitation of Canada. This syndicate consisted of the heads of 12 great firms; the working capital was fixed at 20.000,0u0, half of which was to be found by the. German government. There were, I have heard, promises made of a more personal character. For example, the "conquest of England" wan to be made tit a occasion of bestowing upon certain favored and wealthy men some of the most desirable residences - in England, but of this I have no actual proof. Indemnities to Be Levied. Every trade and Interest was appealed to. Huge indemnities were, of course, to be levied on the conquered nations, and the fortunate German manufacturers were, by this means, practically to be relieved of tax ation for years after the war. These promises were not vaguely given. The ywere made definitely by Bethman HoIIweg on behalf of the Emperor to gath erings of business men, and in many cases to individuals. I have mentioned the prom ise of a grant of 30,000 acres In Australia that was made to me. Promises of a simi lar kind were made to at least 80 other persons at special Interviews with the Chancellor, and all particulars of these promises were entered in a book at the Trades Department. But not only were these promises made by the Chancellor; they were confirmed by the Emperor, who. on three occasions, ad dressed large private gatherings of business Tii en in Berlin, Munich and Casael In 11)12 and 1913. I was at one of these gatherings. The Emperor's speech was one of the most f iowery orations I have listened to, and so profuse were the - promises he made that were even half of what he promised to be fulfilled, most of the commercial men in Germany would become rich beyond the dreams of avarice. Conquest of India Planned. The Emperor was particularly enthusias tic over the coming German conquest of India. "India," he said. is occupied by the British. It is In a way governed by the British, but it is by no means completely governed by them, "We shall not merely occupy India. We shall conquer It, and the vast revenues that the British allow to be taken by Indian princes will, after our con quest, flow in a golden stream into the Fatherland. In all the richest lands of the earth the German flag will fly over every other flag." Finally the Emperor concluded: "I am making you no promises that can not be redeemed, and they shall b redeemed if ytm are now prepared to maka the sac rifices which pre necessary to secure the Lemons Beautify! Strain lemon Jules well before mixing and massage face, neck, arms, hands. Here is told how to prepare an In expensive lemon lotion which can be used to bring back to any skin the sweet freshness of which it has been robbed by trying atmospheric condi tions. "Wind-chafe, roughness, tan and redness are warded off and those tell tale lines of care or of age are eoftened away. The Juice of two fresh lemons strained into a bottle containing three ounces of orchard white makes a whole quarter pint of the most re markable lemon skin beautlfier at about the cost one must pay for a Email jar of the ordinary cold creams. Care should be taken to strain the lemon juice through a fine cloth so no lemon pulp gets in. then this lotion will keep fres-h for months. Every woman knows that lemon Juice is used to bleach and remove such blemishes 88 freckles, sallowness and tan, and is the ideal skin softener, smoothener and beautlfier. Just try It! Get three ounces of orchard white at any pharmacy and two lemons from the grocer and make up a quarter pint of this sweetly fra grant lemon lotion and massage it daily Into the face, neck, arms and hands, and see for yourself Adv. GER GONSPRAGY position that our country must and shall occupy In the world. He who refuses to help is a traitor to the Katherland ; he who helps willingly and generously will have his rich reward." All sounded. I admit, tempting and allur ing, and though there were some who viewed rather dubiously the prospect of Germany, being able to conquer the world In a year, the majority of business and commercial men aerreed to support the Hohenzollern war plana. Most of them have since wished they had never paid any attention to them. According to the promises of the Hohen zollerns. victory was to have been achieved in December. 1915. and the promises made to myself and other commercial men in Germany when our money for the Kaiser's war chest was wanted were to have been then redeemed. Imperial Blackmail Charged. But this is what has happened In reality: In December of 1916 the Chancellor, Beth- mann-Hollweg, began to have interviews once more with business men. The purpose of these interviews was to get more money from them. Guarantees were asked from 75 business men in Germany, Including my self, that they would undertake to subscribe foo.uuu.oou to the next war loan. I was personally asked to guarantee a subscrip tion ol t.uu.ouo. x declined to give this guarantee; so did some others. I was then favored with a private interview with Beth- man-HolIweg's private secretary, who told me that If 1 declined to give the guarantee and subsequently the money I would lose on a contract 1 had with the War Office. But not only that I was threatened with the practical ruin of my business if 1 did not give the guarantee. I described this demand as blackmail or the worst sort and refused to guarantee a mark to the war loan. Two months later I lost my contract, and the greater part of my business has been taken over at a figure that means confiscation. Moreover, X am not to get paid until after the war, but am to receive 4 per cent on the purchase price. Every man who declined to promise a sub scription to the amount he was asked has been treated In the same manner. Hatred of Germany Felt. The majority of men, however, preferred to pay rather than be ruined, and so the Hohenzollerns In the main got their way. But, apart from the blackmailing of men who refused to pay any more money into the Hohenzollern war chest, let us see how the Hohenzollerns' promises are working out. A circular was sent out last ALarch to a large number of business men by the Foreign Trade Department which contained the following suggestion: It will be wise for employers wno nave foreign trade interests to employ agents in foreign countries who can pass them selves off as being of French or English birth. German agents and travelers win probably for some time after the war have difficulty in doing business not only in enemy countries, but In neutral countries. There will undoubtedly be a personal preju dice against Germans that would probably make it difficult for representatives of Ger man firms to do business. Although this prejudice will not Interfere "with German trade, as It will be merely or a personal character. It will facilitate trading trans actions it employers will employ agents who pass as French or English, preferably, or as Dutch, American or Spanish." So this Is the prospect we are faced wltn after the war. The meaning of this circular in plain language is this: So loathed and hated have Germans become outside their own country that no one will want to have any personal dealings with them after the war. State Control Growing. A l&rra number of businesses are, more over, being secretly bolstered up with state aid. A condition of this aid is that the owners of the business receiving it shall agree to accept a considerable degree of state control over their business after the war. This Is part and parcel or a plan on the part of the Hohenzollerns to get tne commercial classes thoroughly into their grip before the end of the war, ana so minimize the chances of a revolution. These men who have agreed to accept am now for their business, and state control after the war, have received a notification from the Foreign Trade Department to the effect thot, with proper organization, Ger many ought to recover her pre-war trade three years after peace is aeciareu. ncro is the Hohenzollern metnoa or redeeming promises. We are to get oacK our pn-i trade three years after peace is declared, and to do this we must submit to have our trading transactions controlled and super vised by the state. Can any German to whom such prospects are held out by the Emperor fall to see that he has been bamboozled and humbugged and fooled Into supporting a war from which the utmost he can nope to gain i. iu come out of It without national bankruptcy? Thyssen'a Holding Vast. Thyssen Is personally known to Mr. Butler, wBo says he Is "well Known to oractically all the directors or the American Iron and Steel Institute," vis ited the United States In 1890 and took an active part In the International con ference of steel men at Brussels in 1911, at which Judge Gary presided. Hf, is 78 years old. His own vast prop erty holdings are an evidence of the extent to which Germany naa carnea economic penetration of other coun tries before the war, for Senator Owen said of him: An ardent advocate of the International ism of commerce, Thyssen possessed until the beginning of the war huge mines. Iron works, docks, and even harbors. In British India, In other isngllsn colonial aepenuwu- cles, as well as in France ana in kubi. all of which have been sequestered by the governments of these tnree powers as prop erty belonging to the German foe. If Hol land gets dragged Into the fray. In spite of her endeavors to preserve her neutrality, Thyssen's vast system of docks and ship building works at Vlaardlngen, near Rot terdam, will likewise be lost to him. These he secured some seven or eight years ago in behalf of the Vulcan Iron & Steamship Building Company of Germany, which he controls, and he had given a con tract for the construction of an additional large, new harbor, with a depth of 30 feet, also a drydock large enough to hold the biggest battleships, and huge wharves at Vlaardlngen, when the war began. The en tire property Is surrounded by a lofty wall, so as to Insure complete privacy. Thyssen's Iron works In France were situated at Mon tlgny and at Mtasieres, while his docks in France were at Caen. His principal base In Russia, until the Summer of 1914. was at Xikolsieff. on the Black Sea. where he owned practically everything In sight. LIQUOR MEN GET REBATE Washington legislature to Appro priate $95 00 for Excess Ilcenses. OLTMPIA, "Wash., June 4. Special.) By a ruling of the Supreme Court today in a suit brought against the state by the Olympia Brewing Com pany, the Legislature next Winter will have to appropriate approximately $9500 to liquor dealers put out of busi ness by the prohibition law, which went into effect January 1, 1916. The State Tax Commission, on advice of the Attorney-General's department on July 1, 1915, collected a full year's state license of $25 from each liquor dealer for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1916. The Brewing Company, for itself and assignee of other liquor deal ers, sued for the six months' rebate. The Supreme Court holds the state powerless to exact license fees for the six months In which the dealers were forbidden to do business. TIMBERS CRUSH FOREMAN Henry Fitzgerald, St. John, Wash., Instantly Killed in Accident. COLFAX, Wash., June 4. (Special.) Henry Fitzgerald, well-known resi dent of St. John, Wash., and a Whit man County road foreman, was In stantly killed at St. John Monday even ing. Fitzgerald was unloading a load of bridge lumber from a flatcar. While loosening a post about three tons of the timbers rolled down and buried hi m His body was badly crushed. He is survived by a widow and family. Pasco Train Service Cut. PASCO, "Wash., June 4. (Special.) The passenger train heretofore running between Pasco and Pendleton, Or., on the Northern Pacific, has been discon tinued and passengers will be carried on a mixed freight and passenger train between these points. One passenger train has also been discontinued be tween this city and Walla Walla, leav ing but one passenger train between this city and' Walla Walla each day. Extra! Orpheum Show Tonight. Adv. AMERICANS SHOW FRENCH MIRACLES Vast Transportation Systems and Mighty Depots Built for War Purposes. ALLIES HIGHLY IMPRESSED Trains Laden With Men, Ammuni tion and Supplies Follow Each Other to Front in Rapid Suc cession Like Procession. BY RHETA CHILDB DORR. (Published by arrangement with the New York Evening Mall) VI. The first anniversary of the Ameri can entrance Into the world war was the occasion of what almost might be called special American editions of most of the large English and French newspapers. Columns of space in these papers were devoted to encomiums of praise of our enterprise, our ingenuity our manifold and miraculous accom plishments In the space of 12 short months. Miraculous was a word most frequently used, miraculous and as tounding. It is too bad that the people of the United States cannot at present be told of the amazing feats of building, en gineering, transportation and railroad construction which have so Impressed the allies abroad. It would Inspire and encourage them to know it, but, un fortunately, it is necessary to keep as many of the details as possible a secret from Germany. . Before the fateful August day in 1914 when the vast Ger man army started on its march across doomed Belgium, the war lords knew the French railroad system as well as they knew their own. They had maps of every foot of railroad in the French republic. They had an accurate cata log of French rolling stock and they knew exactly the number and capacity of railroad manufacturing and repair shops. They probably knew the rail road men of the country down to the last patch on an engineer s overalls, fnlted States Works Wonders. But the Germans do not know what has happened to the French railroad system since April 6, 1917, the date of our entrance into the war. Of course. we do not want them to know, but I don't mind telling them that what has happened deserves the adjectives lav ished on us by the English and French newspapers. I have been over thou sands of miles of that part of the French railroad system which moves our men and their supplies from ocean ports to the fighting front, and I agree with Secretary Baker when he said. on his departure from France, that what had been accomplished was in spiring to behold. I shall never forget a Sunday that I spent at a railroad station in a town in Central France. The town, which cannot be named, is a small and not very important manufacturing city. but it Is now one of the important junctions in the chain of railroads lead ing from the southwestern and north western seaports to the battlefront of the northeast. The day was Sunday, Just three days after the great push of Marah 21 began. I was returning to Paris after a visit to certain large aviation fields in the neighborhood, and got off at this junc tion for luncheon and a change of cars. Few French trains now carry restau rant wagons and travelers, except on a few express trains, have to carry luncheon baskets or depend on sta tion Buffets. Trains In Procession, I arrived at the Junction at 11 o'clock but I did not take the 2 o'clock Paris express, as I had planned. I stayed in the station all day and all evening watching the breath-taking procession of trains tearing northward to the fight and the equally amazing proces sion of trains rolling southward and bearing the flotsam and jetsam of bat tle wounded and dvinr men. despair- 4t'i i ijui'iri'tx"' f MEMBER J r tUtKAL KtOtRVt SYSTEM V f ; l i f ; r IfSn rw SYSTEM --r ing refugees, damaged guns, broken airplanes. French trains, including our own over there, move methodically n blocks called marches. They never have any traffic tie-ups because all the trains move at exactly the same speed and every train has its pre scribed place in the marche. Just so far ahead or behind the next train. It is an excellent system. But it seemed to me that day that the trains would certainly telescope one another, they came on and on so unceasingly and so close together. The trains moving northward were laden with soldiers, horses, guns, air planes, ammunition, wagons, food sup plies of every conceivable description. Trainload after tralnload of horses, eight to a car, with four men, gen erally asleep on the hay in the middle space of the car. The horses, beautl ful. tragic creatures, going to almost certain destruction, wrung the heart to ee. They gazed out at the flying land scape and the cheering station crowds with big, soft, uncomprehending eyes. How I wish we did not have to use horses in war. Of course the lives of men are far more valuable, but the men at least know why they fight and die. FMarhters Going; to Frost. Tralnloads of men, so many that within an hour I had ceased to count them, rolled through that junction. Men from England, Frenchmen hurriedly re called from leave in their Southern homes. All ages. I saw French boys who must have been 18, but who looked younger by two years, and I saw men who might have been grandfathers. These older men do not often fight. They serve meals in the trenches and perform other noncombatant services. All France all is mobilized for some kind of service. Sometimes these troop trains made brief stops at our station. Of course. there was a Red Cross canteen there. and I worked with the fine French women who were in charge of it. ladling hot coffee into mugs and hand ing thick sandwiches to the crowding. hungry poilus. Some of the trains had their own kitchens, portable affairs on flatcars, and when the train stopped the men fairly boiled out of the car riages, palls and bowls in hand, to get the delicious soup prepared by the cooks. The Red Cross women supple mented the meal with sandwiches and coffee, at least when time permitted. which was not often. Those troop trains were on their way north with no unnecessary stops. More often than not the trains did not stop. Once as a train was rolling through the station a soldier called to me asking for the newspaper I held in my hand. Of course I gave it to him sprinting along the platform at a lively rate. The next time I saw a train com ing I ran to the newstand and bought 3 francs' worth of papers, about as many as I could carry, and had them ready for rapid distribution to the effu slve and laughing soldiers. It seemed to amuse them to see me run, but they did welcome the papers. Cars Labeled IT. S. A. But right in the middle of that ex citing procession of trains came some thing that brought my heart to my throat. It was an immensely long train of all new cars, painted battle gray with U. S. A. in white letters on the side. And the cars, dozens and dozens of them, were loaded with railroad building material. Portable tracks. switches, signals, exactly like the ex pensive and fascinating toy railroads which children delight in. Steel rails, wooden ties, machinery for laying them, flat cars, wheels, tools and nails and last of all tiny little locomotives, two of them to a flatcar. all American. going up to the front with the French and the English soldiers. Right behind that train of cars came another, a shorter one, and this was full of brown-clad American engineers, go ing up to the front with the allied sol diers, to lay those tracks and operate that little narrow-gauge railroad under gunfire. Our own sons. That was not all. In the middle of the afternoon another train went north ward battle gray, with U. S. A. in white letters. This was a hospital train of entirely new cars, the finest and most complete I had ever seen. It was a pal ace on wheels, with every conceivable appliance for the comfort of wounded soldiers. There were kitchen cars, op eratlng cars. X-ray compartments, cars with couches for the sitting cases. Cars for doctors and nurses as well as pa tients. 'Nothing I had seen, not even men going into the trenches, brought home to me so sharply the fact that we were in the war and were fully deter mined to hold our end up. Great Railroads Built. We could not have done it so well hafl we not, in the last 50 years, devel oped such extraordinary railroad build ers and operators. The French had a railroad system adequate for peace time Behind the Ships and the shipbuilding stands the Nation, the Government, and behind the Government stand as one body the banks of the country. Prosperity has come to Portland as a result of the great shipbuilding programme, but a large measure of credit is due to the pro gressive and modern spirit of co-operation displayed by the banks of the city. Ladd & Tilton Bank, with a wide experi ence gained through fifty-nine years' close affiliation with business and commercial in terests of the Pacific Northwest, offers to concerns and individuals a service that cannot be adequately represented in words. Not content with being the pioneer state bank, it has further safeguarded its depos itors by becoming a member of the Federal Reserve System, thus putting the resources of the Nation at its disposal. Newcomers to Portland will do well to inquire concerning the facilities of this long-established bank before opening accounts. LADD & TILTON BANK Oldest in the Northwest . Washington and Third. uses, but when war came, and espe cially after the tide of Americans began to pour into the country, the system had to be enormously enlarged. It bad to be planned and organized also, in order not to disturb unduly the life of the country. And it had to be done quickly. It is not going beyond the permissible line to say that our railroad experts have worked out a wonderful system for the transportation of men and sup plies. Several big seaports in the Northwest now receive most of the men who in larger and larger units are be ing transported to France. One very large port in the southwest is the re ceiving station of most of the supplies sent over. A network of railroads, some of which we have double-tracked, convey these men and the supplies east ward and northward to their destina tions. There is never any confusion of freight and passenger trains, because they do not start from the same ports, and most of the time they are not even on the same lines. All through Central France along this railroad system the Americans have taken over old towns and cities as bases for war work. Outside of the towns are great camps, with Army bakeries, quartermasters' depots, hos pitals, shops and factories. In one of these camps, near a railroad junction. Is a supply station which is preparing to feed a million men at the front. At another camp I saw a distribution depot for medical and surgical supplies for the whole Army. At both of these camps railroad building was going on at a lively rate, miles and miles of spurs and switches. At a lovely old town which was once the stronghold of medieval dukes, whose hoary old chateau rises over the place like a watch tower. I saw an im mense factory for repairing locomotives and rolling stock. It was no flimsy wooden structure built for a few months, but an enormous mass of brick and concrete such as we build in Pitts burg and Gary. I saw in the woods outside this town gangs of American foresters. I saw American sawmills. I saw logging trains manned by Ameri cans. - Amerleea Workmen There. I have seen American workmen mak ing wagons, portable houses, trucks, locomotives. I have seen them build ing cold-storage warehouses and ice- making plants. Building them substan tially, as though we had moved u, Kurope to stay, as indeed we have until we put the war out of the world, to gether with the militarism that made it. Do the Germans know It? Their leaders do, of course, but I doubt very much whether the mass of the people do. Working under guard in many of our camps in France are gangs of Ger man prisoners. Watching several hun dred of these men. in fierce green uni forms and shapeless boots, I asked the youTte officer who wan m y escort what J3 k r K3 HU . ! j-i si lis 2- it e! . ! I IIh 1 1 f i;- I I h i 'i i 1 1' u Is tm P Clothes of Originality for Young Men XT ERE are mid-season clothes that have been faultlessly tailored from fabrics that were woven especially to please a young- man's critical eyes. They are clothes that are invariably followed with glances of approbation; they are the last word in style the very essence of quality. Shown on the Second Floor. $15, $18, $20, $22.50, $25, $27.50 $30, $35, $40 they thought of the American activi ties. "I was curious about that, too." he replied, "and I took pains to find out. Would you believe it. that most of the prisoners refuse to credit the fact that we are here at all? They say: 'Before we were taken prisoner cur officers told us that we would see soldiers who would claim to be Americans, but they aren't. They are Canadians or Eng lish. The Americans cannot get over here. Our Kaiser has said so." In another camp I asked the same question. What did the Germans think about us? They say. I was told, that they didn't mind building railroads in France. The Kaiser would be glad to have them when he came. What will happen to the Kaiser when the Ger man people learn the truth? Castle Rock to View Eclipse. CASTLE ROCK. Wash.. June 4. Spe cial.) Castle Rock again is favored by being in the center of the path of the total eclipse. of the sun which takes Save Money Now on your Housefurnishing Needs pay according to our Confidential Credit Plan. A small ' payment down, a little each month, without interest, and without red tape. Everything may be had on the same account, including; rathe Records and Pathe phones, 1892 Aluminumware, Draperies, Rugs, Furniture, Ranges, etc. 5-Piece American Chamber Suite, at $16.23 Down, $9.50 a Month. Consisting of Bed, Dresser, Dressing Table, Chair and Rocker. We also have chiffonier to match if wanted. v"'A" and Ldeck Pathephone Play All Records Pathe, Edison, Victor and Columbia. Ask for dem onstration. Don't buy half a phonograph, buy one that plays all records. Our terms are easy. We charge no in terest. Between Oak i eiimj atroitrm place June S. and is accessible to many who might not be able to Jto to Baker and other places. The "Rock," from which the town !s named, la an ideal place for observation, being- 135 feet above the river. Those front Portland and intervening places can come in th morning and back in the evening. 60 miles by auto on the Pacific Highway from Portland, and six passenger trains on the railroads daily. Portland Men Buy Mill. ABERDEEN. Wash., June 4. (Spe cial.) The Wilcox shingle mill here was purchased yesterday by G. P. Clcrin and Theodore Siegfried, both of Portland, and is being remodeled by them preparatory to making a cooper age plant of it. The property purchased by the Portland men Includes railroad facilities and 450 feet of waterfront. They plan to begin active operations in less than two months and to begin with will employ upwards of 35 men. Kxtra! Orpheum Show Tonight Adv. Walnut $132.25 Roll-Me Mattress 25"year guarantee double coil spring $5 down, $5 Mo. Why spend one-third of your time on a poor bed? The added comfort is worth the $5 a month. $43.50 ESTATE GAS TABLE RANGE $5.50 Down, $4 a Month. Ask to see. our Fresh Air Oven Gas Ranges the kind that are used in our public schools. and Pine Sts. ii jJum inure;