THE MORNING OKEGONIAX, 'WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY C. 1918.
TURKS ATTEMPT TO
JUSTIFY SLAUGHTER
Armenians Accused
and Massacre
fc- Necessary.
of Plot
Held
ALL APPROVED BY BERLIN
Diabolical Crime Commuted Solely
llccaase Tarks Feel Economic
and Intellectual Inferiority,
to Christians bo Outraged.
(Opvnirht. 11. er Geerte H.-Doran A C
i'tshltahed br axraaa-ement. f'ourtA i-
LAilOMOt.)
Br DR. HARBT 8TEVRMER.
Ia a aeries of semi-official articles
In th newspapers of th Committee of
Young Turks it was made quits clear
that all Armenians 'wer dangerous
conspirators who, in ' order to (bake
off tii Ottoman yok. bad collected
firearms and bombs and had arranged,
with la help of bniclisb and Russian
money, for -a- terrlul slaughter of
Turks on the day that the fcnsltsta
ft overcome tbs armies oa tbs Ifmx
atanellea, I must here emphasis the fact that
all the arguments th Turkish overn
lnent brought aaalnst tb Armenians
iid not esrsp nr notice. They were
Indeed evident tnoucb In official and
semi-official publications and In th
writings of German sperla on Tut-
aey. I Investigated everything, even
riiht at th bea-lnnma- of my stay In
Tursey. and always from a thoroughly
pro-Turkish point of view. That did
not prevent rne. however, from coming
to my present point of view.
Mr rr Zimmermann. th tecretarr o
Stat for Korelgn Affairs, hss only got
to refer to th dst of his letter to th
editorial staff of my paper. In which
he spesks of my confidential report to
tie psper on this subject which went
through his hands and aroused his In
terest, and h will find what opinions
J held as early as th Summer of 1914
on th subject of th Armenian perse
cutions and this without my having
air partieular sympathy for th Ar
menians, for it was not till much later
that 1 got to know them and their
kigh Intellectual qualities through per
aonal Intercourse.
II. re I can only give my final Judg
ment on all these pros and cons, and
say to th jest of my knowledge and
opinion, that after th first act In this'
drama of massacre and death th
trutal "evacuation of tb war son In
Armenia lropcr th meanest, tb low
eat, the moat cynical, moet criminal
S'-l of rac-fanati:tam that th history
f mankind has to show wss the ex
tension of the system of deportation,
with Its willful nnclrct and starvstlon
of the victims, to further hundreds
thousands f Armenians In the Capital
and Irterior. And these were pvople
who, through their place of residence,
their surroundins. their social status.
their preoccupation In work and was
earning, were quite Incapable of taking
any activ part in politics.
Berlin aetl.e Dtahollsas.
Others of them, again, belonged to
families of high social standing and
culture, hound to tb land by a tbou
sand ties, coming of a well-to-do, old
established stock, and from traditional
training and ordinary prudence holding
themselves - scrupulously apart from
all revolutionary doings. All were
snrrounded by a far superior number
of inhabitants belonging to other races.
This diabolical crlm waa committed
' solely and only because of the Turkish
feeling of economic anil intellectual in
feriority to that non-Turkish element,
for the set purpose of obtaining hand
som compensation for themselves, and
was undertaken with th cowardly
acquiescence of the German govern
ment in full knowledge of the facts.
Of this long chain of crime 1 saw at
least the beginning thousands of times
with my own eyes. Hardly had I re
turned from my first visit to the Darda
nelles when these persecutions began
in the whole of Anatolia and even in
Constantinople, and continued with but
alight intermissions of a week or two
at different times till shortly before I
lift 1'onsianllnople in December. 1SI.
Thst was th time when lu ths
flourishing western vtlajeta of Ana
mlla. beginning with Prussa and
Adabaxar. where th well-stocked
farms in Armenian hands must have
t'ee n an eyesore to a Government
that had written "forcible nationali
sation" oa their standard, the whole
household goods of respectable fami
lies were thrown into the street and
old for a mere nothing, because the!
owners often had only an hour till they
were routed out by the waiting gen
durme and huxtled off Into th Inte
rir. The fittings of the houses, natur
IK- un.laW in the hurry, nsually
f'-ll t the lot of mauraudtng "monad
(Mohammedan Immigrants, who,
ften enough armed to the teeth by
the -committee." began tbe disturb
ances which wr then exposed as "Ar-
snenian conspiracies.
That was the time when mothers, ap
parently In absolute despair, sold their
own children, because tbey had been
robbed of their last penny and could
not let their children perish on that
terrible march into th distant in
terior.
fcimiaul Get Waralaav
Of th ebb and flow of these perse
rations, all that caa be said la that the
dsilv number of deportations Increased
when th Turks wer annoyed over
some Russian victory, and that the
haniahmenta mlracuously abated wben
the military catastrophea of irserum.
TrebitOftd. and rslnd)n gsv th gov
ernment food for thought and ld
them lo wonder If perhaps Nemesis
wss going to ovrrtak them aftr alL
For the most rrt It was ths sad fate
f those deported to be sent off on
endlesa Journey by foot, to the far-off
Arabian frontier, where they wer
treated with th most terrible brutality.
There. In th midst of a population
wholly foreign and but little sym
pethetie to their race, left to their
!te an a barren mountain-side, with
est money, without shelter, without
inedical assistance, without the means
of earning a livelihood, they perished
la want and misery.
a salt lew Are
The women and children were always
separated from the men. That w
characteristic of all the deportations
Is was aw attempt to strifes St th
very cor of tbetr nstlonsl being and
annihilate them by'tn tearing asunder
f all family lies.
That was how a very larg part of
the Armenian people disappeared. They
were tbe "persons transported else
where.", as the elegant title of tb
"Provisional Man" ran. which gavs full
tewardahip over their well - stocked
farina to th "roromlttee" with Ita semi
for "retarnsl colonisation" with purely
Turkish elements. In this way tbe
great goal waa reached the, forcible
aattoaalsatioa of a land of mixed
races
While Anatolia was gradually emptied
of all th forces that had hitherto mads
for prrrress. while th deserted towns
aad ttAjta aad. fionxUfclng fields of
those who had been banished fell Into
th bands of ths lowest "Iohadjr"
hordes of th most dissipated Moham
medan emigrants that at ream of un
happy beings trickled on. ever more
slowly to Its distant goal. leaving the
dead bodies of women and children, old
men and boys, as milestones to mark
the way. Tbe few that did reach the
"settlement" alive that la, th fever
ridden, hunger - stricken concentration
camps continually molested by raiding
Bedouins and Kurds, gradually sickened
and died a alower and even more ter
fible death.
Sometimes even this wss not speedy
enough for the government, and a case
occurred In Autumn. 11 absolutely
verified by statements made by Ger
man employes on th Baghdad Railway
where soma thousands of Armenians.
brought as workers to this stretch of
railway, simply vanished one day with
out leaving a trace. Apparently they
wer simply shipped off into the desert
without more ado and there massacred.
Coeaplet Ksteraalaatlea Alas.
I hav spoken to Armenians who
bav aald to me, "In former times the
old Sultan Abdul-Hamld used to bav
as massacred by thousands. We were
delivered over by well - organised po
groms to the Kurds at stated times, and
certainly we suffered cruelly enough.
Then th Toung Turks, as Adana 1309
shows, started on a bloodshed of thou
sands. But after what w have Just
gone through w long with all our
hearta for th days of th old massa
cres. Now It is no longer a case of
certain number of massacred ; now our
whol people Is being slowly but sure
ly exterminated by the national hatred
of an apparently civilised, apparently
modern, and therefor infinitely more
dangerous government.
Now they get hold of our women
and children and send them long Jour
neys on foot to concentration camps In
barren districts where they die. The
pitiful remains of our population In the
villages and towna of tbe Interior,
where th local authorities have car
ried ont the commands of the central
government most seaioualy, ar forci
bly converted to Islam, and our young
girls are confined In Turnlah harems
and places of low repute.
"Th race Is to vanish to ths very
Isst man. and why? because the Turks
hav racogmxed their Intellectual bank
ruptcy, their economic Incompetence,
and their social inferiority to the pro
gressive Armenian element, to which
Abdul-Hamld. in spit of occasional
massacres, knew well enough how to
adapt himself, and which he even util
ised In all Its. power In high offices of
state. Because now that they them
selves are being decimated by a weary
and unsuccessful war of terrible blood
shed that was lost before it w .a be
gun. they hope in this way lo retain the
sympathy of their peoples and pre
serve the superiority of tbelr element
In th state."
(To Be Continued.)
BOLD TANGLED III
WEB OF EVIDENCE
Air of Confidence Weakens In
Course of Courtmartial
Examination.
LETTER OF CAILLAUX READ
Cutting Comment Written by Former
Premier Kclative to Title of
Egyptian . Nobility Court.
Martial Examination Ends.
Cbehalls Club Consider Budget.
CHEHAIJ3. Wash.. Teh. 5. (Special.)
A meeting of Cltlxens" Club trustees
wss held Monday night to arrange pre
liminaries for adopting the new budget
and bureau eastern, under which the
club expects to work In the future.
Trot- C. O. Gmgrtc-h. A. K. Judd snd
r. Scherer resigned voluntarily In or
der to make the new pjan workable.
The terms of F. M. Power. H. C. Coff-
msn snd . F. tt et expire this year,
snd Trustee Tip Cnbel's term expire...
as he-was appointed to fill a vacancy.
ftrtp Feflewe the wew
t.AXATTVri BKO.MO gl'IMNK Tablets tak.
en In time will Prevent Grip. K. V.
R w. I elemf tie. on rxv. .loe Adv.
PARIS. Feb. S. Bolo Pasha, who is
on trial before the high court on a
charge of treason, lost something of
his customary nerve at the close cf to
day's session. when the government's
first witness, an expert accountant. M.
Doyen, after solemnly turning to the
prisoner with the declaration: "All of
Bolo's statements are lies; he never
received the commissions he alltpes as
the basis of his fortune," handed to
the court receipts, choques and other
documents, showing that Bolo had re
ceived half a million dollars each from
the Guaranty Trust Company, of New
Tork. agent of the Deutsche Bank be
fore the war and the Royal Bank of
Canada.
Bolo's face lost the half smirk, half
sneer which It had worn all day at the
sensational close of M. Doyen s testi
mony and for the first time since the
opening of his trial he waived the op
portunity to interrogate. '
M. Doyen occupied the stand for
nearly two hours detailing slowly and
methodically his examination of Bolo's
affairs. ills testimony was often
technical and many ho had jammed
their way Into the building had left
when the witness reached the climax.
Bolo's Fortane Dissipated.
M. Doyen, who had investigated the
fortune of Bolo I'asba and his wife,
testified that at the outbresk of the
war the couple had dissipated the entire
estate left by Madame Bolo's former
husband and had but the income from
a trust fund which amounted to 47,000
francs yearly.
During the early portion of the trial
Bolo maintained the attitude which h
had assumed yesterday, his Joviality
bringing repeated laughs that had t
be checked as he sparred with th
prosecutor and chief Judge during bis
own examination.
He was Jaunty as ever, striking at
tituilesin the dock, gesticulating grace
fully. talking with lightning - lik
rapidity, seemingly never at a loss fo
an answer to the questions rained upon
him by prosecutor and court alike.
It was only when M. Doyen began
his testimony that Bolo slumped down
ia his scat and striving to look uncon
rned, listened to the accusations
hurled at him.
He presented a strong- contrast at
first to his co-prisoner, Pdrchere. hi
former secretary, who in a pitiful.
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shaking voice, with hand upraised, had
sworn he was innocent.
In the latter half of the session, how
ever, Porchere seemed cooler than Bolo.
It was especially true when M. Doyen
read a specimen letter from a collec
tion of photographic reproductions of
checks and other papers which had been
sent here by the Attorney-General of
New York. This letter was addressed
to the Amslnck bank, reading:
"Yon will receive sums for my ac
count, the amount of which Pavenstedt
(former head of his bank) knows.
Other exhibits were checks showing
the payment by the Guaranty Trust
Company to the Amsinck Bank for
1 500.000 paid "for the account and by
order of the Deutsche Bank and check
to the order of the Royal Bank of
Canada and a receipt from that instiu
tlon for JoOO.OOO.
The examination of Bolo Pasha, be
gun yesterday on the first day of his
trial by courtmartial on me cnarge 01
treason, was concluded .at today a sea
sion of the court.
Calllanx Delivers Rebuke.
The defendant at one point stated
that he was created a Pasha,, which
title he received from Abbas Hilml,
then khedive of Egypt, in September,
1S14, and In this connection a letter
was read, from former Premier Joseph
Caillaux, who now is under arrest on a
treason charge in which M. Caillaux
said:
"I beg you, my dear Bolo, to quit this
Pasha business. It only makes you
ridlctjlous."
Bolo declared he had never concealed
his relations with the former khedive,
which were known to President Poin-
care and to Theophile Delca&se, former
Foreign Minister. - ...
Regarding Adolph Pavenstedt, for
merly connected with a New York
banking house and now in a Georgia
internment camp, with whom he had
financial dealings in the United States,
Bolo said iavenstedt never mentioned
Count von Bernstorff to him, and that
Pavenstedt always manifsted hatred to
wards Germans, pretending to be of
Czech origin.
Many Errors Alleged.
Bolo declared that Pavenstedt's evi
dence contained many errors in dates.
He questioned the authenticity of the
documents which Pavenstedt produced.
iThis apparently refers to the evidence
Pavenstedt gave at tbe New York State
Investigation of last I-all in which
Pavenstedt named Count von Bern-
storff as the source of large sums,
which Bolo is declared to have received
In this country for influencing Frencn
public opinion.)
Bolo asserted it would be ridiculous
to consider him the political personal
ity mentioned in a telegram from Count
von Bernstorff to Herr veil Jagow, tbe
then German Foreign Minister, as
seeking a loan.
He also declared that It would have
been utterly useless for him to use th
name of "Saint Regis." (Pavenstdt's
testimony explained the use of this
name In a Von Bernstorff message by
stating that it was a password given
him by Count von Bernstorff at Bolo's
request in case Bolo should wish later
to get In contact with German offi
cials at Berne.)
"These telegrams are fabrications,"
Bolo declared.
The defendant's air of confidence was
noticeably affected when the president
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of the court pointed out contradictions
Bolo's various accounts of his Ameri
can visit una also or tne manner in
which the books of the New York
banking house with which he had deal
ings afforded contradiction of his state
ments.
The authenticity of the American
documents is guaranteed by the fact
that the American Government com
municated them to French justice," the
prosecuting officer said.
Bolo txplained the fact that he kept
Consolidation of Lands Aimed At.
no books by declaring that he adopted
this course to avoid the income tax. I
M. Porchere, an accountant accused I OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash
of having acted as an intermediary be- ington, Feb. 5. Tomorrow the Senate
tween Bolo and the former khedive of I nublic lands committee will take tin
Egypt, when placed under examination,
protested with apparent sincerity that
he had never acted traitorously; that
he had been merely Bolo's agent, re
ceiving 200 francs fof each journey to
Switzerland he undertook.
Resd The Oregronian classified ads.
the bill passed by the House yesterday
authorizing the Secretary of the Inte
rior to exchange scattered private hold
ings of land within the O. & C. grant
for Government sections, in order that
both private and Government holdings
may be consolidated and the checker
boa rdhebrokenTip.
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